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Mo X, Li Y, Zhu X, Li X, Zhou H, Bi X, Li J. Vortioxetine Derivatives with Amino Acid as Promoiety: Synthesis, Activity, Stability and Preliminary Pharmacokinetic Study. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3011-3019. [PMID: 33891948 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Vortioxetine (Vot) is an effective antidepressant with unique mechanisms exerting multi-target effects. However, severe side-effects such as nausea and vomiting are commonly experienced under conditions of long-term administration. Eight amino acid modified Vot derivatives were designed and prepared in this study. Similar or lower binding affinities of the modified compounds to the serotonin transporter (SERT) than Vot was observed in the 4-(4-(dimethylamino)-styrl)-N-methylpyridinium (ASP+) uptake assay on RBL-2H3 cells. Additionally, the majority of derivatives remained sufficiently stable in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), indicating achievement of intestinal absorption in the modified form. Afterwards, all derived compounds exhibited slower hepatic clearance and a longer half-life, compared to the parent drug Vot. Notably, threonine-modified 3f exhibited significantly lower activity to SERT, serine-modified 3e showed the fastest degradation rate in rat plasma, with hydrolysis to an extent of 50% in 10 min, and better pharmacokinetic properties in rat, including Cmax, t1/2, and especially AUC0-t, which was ~3-fold higher relative to the parent compound. Although, no clear understanding of SARs has been obtained, modification of Vot with amino acids containing hydroxyl groups may be beneficial to reduce the gastrointestinal side effect of Vot or obtain better pharmacokinetic properties, providing some ideas for the further study in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Mo
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524000, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xinying Zhu
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xinzhou Bi
- Centre of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Molecular Pharmacology of Phytocannabinoids. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 103:61-101. [PMID: 28120231 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45541-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa has been used for recreational, therapeutic and other uses for thousands of years. The plant contains more than 120 C21 terpenophenolic constituents named phytocannabinoids. The Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol type class of phytocannabinoids comprises the largest proportion of the phytocannabinoid content. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol was first discovered in 1971. This led to the discovery of the endocannabinoid system in mammals, including the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol exerts its well-known psychotropic effects through the CB1 receptor but this effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol has limited the use of cannabis medicinally, despite the therapeutic benefits of this phytocannabinoid. This has driven research into other targets outside the endocannabinoid system and has also driven research into the other non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids present in cannabis. This chapter presents an overview of the molecular pharmacology of the seven most thoroughly investigated phytocannabinoids, namely Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin, cannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabidivarin, cannabigerol, and cannabichromene. The targets of these phytocannabinoids are defined both within the endocannabinoid system and beyond. The pharmacological effect of each individual phytocannabinoid is important in the overall therapeutic and recreational effect of cannabis and slight structural differences can elicit diverse and competing physiological effects. The proportion of each phytocannabinoid can be influenced by various factors such as growing conditions and extraction methods. It is therefore important to investigate the pharmacology of these seven phytocannabinoids further, and characterise the large number of other phytocannabinoids in order to better understand their contributions to the therapeutic and recreational effects claimed for the whole cannabis plant and its extracts.
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The 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist Ondansetron Attenuates Pancreatic Injury in Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis Model. Inflammation 2017; 40:1409-1415. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lim BG, Choi SS, Jeong YJ, Lim YJ, Kim YC, Park KU, Lee DK, Lee MK. The relationship between perioperative nausea and vomiting and serum serotonin concentrations in patients undergoing cesarean section under epidural anesthesia. Korean J Anesthesiol 2014; 67:384-90. [PMID: 25558338 PMCID: PMC4280475 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2014.67.6.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serotonin-also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT-can induce nausea and vomiting (NV) by peripheral mechanisms via the activation of 5-HT3 receptors. In this study, we observed perioperative NV, including intraoperative NV, and changes in serum 5-HT concentrations. We evaluated the relationship between perioperative NV and serum 5-HT levels in patients undergoing cesarean section under epidural anesthesia, and carried out a pilot study to determine if further studies on a larger scale were justified. Methods Twenty-eight patients who were scheduled for cesarean section under epidural anesthesia were included in the study. Patients were assigned to 2 groups according to the occurrence of NV after induction, i.e., an NV-positive or an NV-negative group. Serum 5-HT concentrations were measured before induction, at the time that NV occurred (in the case of the NV-positive group) or 5 min after the umbilical cord clamping (in the case of the NV-negative group) during surgery, and at 2 h postoperatively. Results NV occurred in 10 of the 28 patients. No significant differences in serum 5-HT concentrations were found within or between the two groups. Conclusions This study suggests that there is no correlation between serum 5-HT concentration and the occurrence of perioperative NV in patients undergoing cesarean section under epidural anesthesia, and the findings do not seem to support further investigations regarding a possible relationship between serum 5-HT concentration and perioperative NV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Gun Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Sik Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jin Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Un Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Desai R, Miller KW, Raines DE. The pyrrole etomidate analog carboetomidate potently inhibits human 5-HT3A receptor function: comparisons with etomidate and potential implications for emetogenesis. Anesth Analg 2013; 116:573-9. [PMID: 23400978 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31827d204d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT(3)) receptors are excitatory ion channels belonging to the cys-loop family of ligand-gated ion channels. They are involved in nausea and vomiting and their antagonists are used clinically as antiemetic drugs. We previously reported the development of a novel pyrrole analog of etomidate, (R)-ethyl 1-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (carboetomidate), which retains etomidate's desirable anesthetic and hemodynamic properties, but lacks its potent inhibitory effect on adrenocorticotropic hormone-stimulated steroid synthesis. Also in contrast to etomidate, carboetomidate potently inhibits nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Because nicotinic acetylcholine and 5-HT(3) receptors are highly homologous, we hypothesized that carboetomidate might also potently inhibit 5-HT(3) receptors with potentially important implications for the drug's emetogenic activity. In the current studies, we investigated and compared modulation of 5-HT(3A) receptors by carboetomidate and etomidate. METHODS 5-HT(3) receptors were heterologously expressed in human embryonic kidney cells. Drugs were applied with a multichannel superfusion pipette coupled to piezoelectric elements, and currents were recorded from cells in either the whole-cell or excised outside-out patch configuration of patch-clamp recordings. RESULTS Carboetomidate and etomidate inhibited integrated 5-HT(3A) receptor-mediated currents with respective half-inhibitory concentrations of 1.9 μM (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-2.7 μM) and 25 μM (95% CI = 17-37 μM). These values may be compared with respective hypnotic concentrations of 5.4 and 2.3 µM. This inhibition reflected hypnotic effects on peak current amplitudes and desensitization rates. Half-inhibitory concentrations for reducing peak current amplitudes were 34 μM (95% CI = 24-48 µM) for carboetomidate and 171 μM (95% CI = 128-228 µM) for etomidate. Half-inhibitory concentrations for reducing the desensitization time constant were 3.5 μM (95% CI = 2.4-5.1 µM) for carboetomidate and 36 μM (95% CI = 21-59 µM) for etomidate. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to etomidate, carboetomidate inhibits 5-HT(3A) receptor-mediated currents at hypnotic concentrations. This inhibition is primarily the result of enhancing the rate of desensitization. Because carboetomidate potently inhibits 5-HT(3A) receptors, it may be less emetogenic than etomidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rooma Desai
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114-2621, USA
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Wittmann M, Schaaf T, Peters I, Wirz S, Urban BW, Barann M. The Effects of Fentanyl-Like Opioids and Hydromorphone on Human 5-HT3A Receptors. Anesth Analg 2008; 107:107-12. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31817342c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Uchida K, Kamikawa Y. Muscularis mucosae - the forgotten sibling. J Smooth Muscle Res 2007; 43:157-77. [DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.43.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Uchida
- Department of Pharmacology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yuichiro Kamikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
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Zhu LP, Ye DY, Tang Y. Structure-based 3D-QSAR studies on thiazoles as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. J Mol Model 2006; 13:121-31. [PMID: 16953442 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-006-0131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Structure-based 3D-QSAR studies were performed on 20 thiazoles against their binding affinities to the 5-HT(3) receptor with comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA). The thiazoles were initially docked into the binding pocket of a human 5-HT(3A) receptor homology model, constructed on the basis of the crystal structure of the snail acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP), using the GOLD program. The docked conformations were then extracted and used to build the 3D-QSAR models, with cross-validated r2omega values 0.785 and 0.744 for CoMFA and CoMSIA, respectively. An additional five molecules were used to validate the models further, giving satisfactory predictive r2 values of 0.582 and 0.804 for CoMFA and CoMSIA, respectively. The results would be helpful for the discovery of new potent and selective 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Wittmann M, Peters I, Schaaf T, Wartenberg HC, Wirz S, Nadstawek J, Urban BW, Barann M. The Effects of Morphine on Human 5-HT3A Receptors. Anesth Analg 2006; 103:747-52. [PMID: 16931691 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000229706.84471.4d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
5-HT3 receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that are involved in the modulation of emesis and pain. In this study, we investigated whether the opioid analgesic, morphine, exerts specific effects on human 5-HT3 receptors. Whole-cell patches from HEK-293 cells stably transfected with the human 5-HT3A receptor cDNA were used to determine the effects of morphine on the 5-HT-induced currents using the patch clamp technique. At negative membrane potentials, 5-HT induced inward currents in a concentration-dependent manner. The 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron, (0.3 nM) reversibly inhibited the 5-HT-induced signals. Morphine reversibly suppressed 5-HT-induced peak currents as a function of concentration (IC50 = 1.1 microM, Hill coefficient = 1.2). The block by morphine decreased with increasing 5-HT concentrations, suggesting a competitive effect. In addition, the activation, as well as the inactivation, kinetics of the currents were significantly slowed in the presence of morphine. The morphine antagonist, naloxone, also inhibited 5-HT-induced currents (e.g., at 3 microM by 17%). The effects of morphine and naloxone were not additive. The potency of morphine and the competitivity of the blocking effect points to a specific mechanism at a receptor site rather than an unspecific membrane effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wittmann
- Klink und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätskliniken Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Venkatesha Perumal R, Mahesh R. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel structural type of serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:2769-72. [PMID: 16504504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2005] [Revised: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 02/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 3-substituted quinoxalin-2-carboxamides were designed as per the pharmacophoric requirement for 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists and prepared by microwave irradiation and also by conventional method. The compounds were characterized by spectral data (IR, (1)H NMR, and MS) and the purity was ascertained by microanalysis. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for 5-HT(3) antagonisms in longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparation from guinea pig ileum against 5-HT(3) agonist, 2-methyl-5-HT. Among the test compounds, N-{3-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]-4-hydroxyphenyl}-3-methoxyquinoxalin-2-carboxamide 4e showed most favorable 5-HT(3) receptor antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Venkatesha Perumal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Periyar College of Pharmaceutical Sciences for Girls, Trichirappalli-620 021, Tamil Nadu, India
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Przegaliński E, Göthert M, Frankowska M, Filip M. WIN 55,212-2-induced reduction of cocaine hyperlocomotion: Possible inhibition of 5-HT3 receptor function. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 517:68-73. [PMID: 15961074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2005] [Revised: 05/12/2005] [Accepted: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effect of WIN 55,212-2 (an agonist of cannabinoid receptors) and its enantiomer WIN 55,212-3, as well as of ondansetron (an antagonist of serotonin (5-HT)(3) receptors) on the cocaine-induced locomotor hyperactivity in rats. WIN 55,212-2, but not WIN 55,212-3, in doses of 3 and 6 mg/kg which did not affect the basal locomotor activity, dose-dependently reduced the hyperactivation evoked by cocaine. The inhibitory effect of WIN 55,212-2 was not affected by rimonabant (an antagonist of cannabinoid receptors). Like in the case of WIN 55,212-2, the cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by ondansetron (0.03-0.3 mg/kg). The obtained results indicate that the inhibitory effect of WIN 55,212-2 on cocaine hyperactivation is stereoselective and is not mediated by cannabinoid receptors. Moreover, together with the literature data they may suggest that this effect of WIN 55,212-2 involves inhibition of the 5-HT(3) receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Przegaliński
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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Mahesh R, Perumal RV, Pandi PV. Microwave assisted synthesis of 2-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile as a new class of serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 14:5179-81. [PMID: 15380223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2004] [Revised: 07/24/2004] [Accepted: 07/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 2-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile 6 were prepared by microwave irradiation and conventional heating. The intermediate, 2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile 3, was prepared from 2-aminonicotinaldehyde 1 and ethyl cyanoacetate 2 in the presence of piperidine under solvent free condition. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for 5-HT3 antagonisms in longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus (LMMP) preparation from Guinea pig ileum against 5-HT3 agonist, 2-methyl-5-HT. Among the compounds tested, 2-(4-allylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile 6d showed most favorable 5-HT3 receptor antagonism in the Guinea pig ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Mahesh
- Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India.
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Barann M, Schmidt K, Göthert M, Urban BW, Bönisch H. Influence of sodium substitutes on 5-HT-mediated effects at mouse 5-HT3 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2004; 142:501-8. [PMID: 15148263 PMCID: PMC1574959 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2004] [Revised: 03/08/2004] [Accepted: 03/10/2004] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
1 The influence of sodium ion substitutes on the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced flux of the organic cation [14C]guanidinium through the ion channel of the mouse 5-HT3 receptor and on the competition of 5-HT with the selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist [3H]GR 65630 was studied, unless stated otherwise, in mouse neuroblastoma N1E-115 cells. 2 Under physiological conditions (135 mm sodium), 5-HT induced a concentration-dependent [14C]guanidinium influx with an EC50 (1.3 microm) similar to that in electrophysiological studies. 3 The stepwise replacement of sodium by increasing concentrations of the organic cation hydroxyethyl trimethylammonium (choline) concentration dependently caused both a rightward shift of the 5-HT concentration-response curve and an increase in the maximum effect of 5-HT. Complete replacement of sodium resulted in a 34-fold lower potency of 5-HT and an almost two times higher maximal response. A low potency of 5-HT in choline buffer was also observed in other 5-HT3 receptor-expressing rodent cell lines (NG 108-15 or NCB 20). 4 Replacement of Na+ by Li+ left the potency and maximal effects of 5-HT almost unchanged. Replacement by tris (hydroxymethyl) methylamine (Tris), tetramethylammonium (TMA) or N-methyl-d-glucamine (NMDG) caused an increase in maximal response to 5-HT similar to that caused by choline. The potency of 5-HT was only slightly reduced by Tris, to a high degree decreased by TMA (comparable to the decrease by choline), but not influenced by NMDG. 5 The potency of 5-HT in inhibiting [3H]GR65630 binding to intact cells was 35-fold lower when sodium was completely replaced by choline, but remained unchanged after replacement by NMDG. 6 The results are compatible with the suggestion that choline competes with 5-HT for the 5-HT3 receptor; the increase in maximal response may be partly due to a choline-mediated delay of the 5-HT-induced desensitization. For studies of 5-HT-evoked [14C]guanidinium flux through 5-HT3 receptor channels, NMDG appears to be an 'ideal' sodium substituent since it increases the signal-to-noise ratio without interfering with 5-HT binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Bonn, Reuterstrasse 2b, Bonn D-53113, Germany.
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Min KT, Koo BN, Kang JW, Bai SJ, Ko SR, Cho ZH. Effect of Ginseng Saponins on the Recombinant Serotonin Type 3A Receptor Expressed in Xenopus Oocytes: Implication of Possible Application as an Antiemetic. J Altern Complement Med 2003; 9:505-10. [PMID: 14499026 DOI: 10.1089/107555303322284794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nausea and vomiting are the most frequently reported side-effects by patients who are given general anesthesia perioperatively and patients with cancer who undergo chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) type 3A receptor (5HT(3A) receptor) is known to mediate nausea and vomiting and its antagonists have been used effectively to prevent and/or reduce the incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting. However, the adverse effects on cardiac function, such as QT interval prolongation, limit their routine use by these patients. This study was designed to elucidate the effect of ginseng saponins on the recombinant 5HT(3A) receptor expressed in the xenopus oocyte. DESIGN After in vitro transcription of the recombinant human 5HT(3A) receptor in the Xenopus laevis oocyte, we examined Panax ginseng saponins (total saponin [TS], panaxadiol saponin [PD] fraction, panaxatriol saponin [PT] fraction, and ginsenoside-Rb1 and -Rg1) for their ability to inhibit current flow through the 5HT(3A) receptor using the voltage-clamp technique. RESULTS All saponin fractions (TS, PD, PT fraction, as well as ginsenoside-Rb1 and -Rg1) inhibited the peak current induced by the agonist 5HT on the 5HT(3A) receptor in a concentration-dependent, reversible, and voltage-independent manner. The PT fraction inhibited 5HT-induced currents in 5HT(3A) receptor more than the PD fraction; meanwhile, there was a similar degree of inhibition between ginsenoside-Rg1 and -Rb1, the main substitutes of PT fraction and PD saponin fractions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that ginseng saponins, especially PT fraction, have substantial inhibitory effects on the recombinant 5HT(3A) receptor, suggesting that some of the specific types of ginsenoside might have an antagonistic action against 5HT(3A) receptor related to nausea and vomiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong T Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Godlewski G, Göthert M, Malinowska B. Cannabinoid receptor-independent inhibition by cannabinoid agonists of the peripheral 5-HT3 receptor-mediated von Bezold-Jarisch reflex. Br J Pharmacol 2003; 138:767-74. [PMID: 12642377 PMCID: PMC1573725 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) On the basis of previous findings that cannabinoids inhibit the function of human and rat 5-HT(3) receptors in vitro, we investigated whether cannabinoid receptor agonists also modulate the activity of the rat peripheral 5-HT(3) receptors on the terminals of cardiopulmonary afferent C-fibres in vivo. (2) In urethane-anaesthetized rats, pre-treated intravenously (i.v.) with the CB(1) receptor antagonist SR 141716A (3 micro mol kg(-1)) and with the beta(1)/beta(2) adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (0.3-0.4 micro mol kg(-1)), bolus injection of the serotonin 5-HT(3) receptor agonist phenylbiguanide (3-10 micro g kg(-1), i.v.) or the vanilloid VR1 receptor agonist capsaicin (3-10 micro g kg(-1), i.v.) caused an immediate decrease in heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure (the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex). (3) The phenylbiguanide-induced bradycardia was dose-dependently attenuated by the cannabinoid receptor agonists CP 55,940 (0.1-1 micro mol kg(-1), i.v.) and WIN 55,212-2 (0.1-3 micro mol kg(-1), i.v.) 20 min after injection, but not by the inactive S-(-)enantiomer of the latter, WIN 55,212-3 (1 micro mol kg(-1), i.v.). The inhibition was reversible within 30 min. The extent of inhibition by the highest doses of cannabinoid receptor agonists amounted to about 50%. Both cannabinoid receptor agonists failed to affect the capsaicin-evoked bradycardia. (4) In conclusion, our results demonstrate that cannabinoid receptor agonists modulate the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex by inhibiting peripheral serotonin 5-HT(3) receptors in rats in vivo. An analogous mechanism of cannabinoid receptor agonists may be assumed to be involved in other serotonin 5-HT(3) receptor-mediated responses.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cannabinoids/pharmacology
- Cardiovascular System/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Male
- Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated/drug effects
- Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Cannabinoid
- Receptors, Drug/agonists
- Receptors, Drug/physiology
- Receptors, Serotonin/physiology
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3
- Reflex/drug effects
- Reflex/physiology
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Godlewski
- Zakład Fizjologii Doświadczalnej, Akademia Medyczna w Białymstoku, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-230 Białystok 8, Poland.
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16
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Barann M, Molderings G, Brüss M, Bönisch H, Urban BW, Göthert M. Direct inhibition by cannabinoids of human 5-HT3A receptors: probable involvement of an allosteric modulatory site. Br J Pharmacol 2002; 137:589-96. [PMID: 12381672 PMCID: PMC1573528 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Excised outside-out patches from HEK293 cells stably transfected with the human (h) 5-HT3A receptor cDNA were used to determine the effects of cannabinoid receptor ligands on the 5-HT-induced current using the patch clamp technique. In addition, binding studies with radioligands for 5-HT3 as well as for cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors were carried out. The 5-HT-induced current was inhibited by the following cannabinoid receptor agonists (at decreasing order of potency): 9-THC, WIN55,212-2, anandamide, JWH-015 and CP55940. The WIN55,212-2-induced inhibition was not altered by SR141716A, a CB1 receptor antagonist. WIN55,212-3, an enantiomer of WIN55,212-2, did not affect the 5-HT-induced current. WIN55,212-2 did not change the EC50 value of 5-HT in stimulating current, but reduced the maximum effect. The CB1 receptor ligand [3H]-SR141716A and the CB1/CB2 receptor ligand [3H]-CP55940 did not specifically bind to parental HEK293 cells. In competition experiments on membranes of HEK293 cells transfected with the h5-HT3A receptor cDNA, WIN55,212-2, CP55940, anandamide and SR141716A did not affect [3H]-GR65630 binding, but 5-HT caused a concentration dependent-inhibition. In conclusion, cannabinoids stereoselectively inhibit currents through recombinant h5-HT3A receptors independently of cannabinoid receptors. Probably the cannabinoids act allosterically at a modulatory site of the h5-HT3A receptor. Thus the functional state of the receptor can be controlled by the endogenous ligand anandamide. This site is a potential target for new analgesic and antiemetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Bonn, Reuterstraße 2b, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und spezielle Intensivmedizin, Universitätskliniken Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - G Molderings
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Bonn, Reuterstraße 2b, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Brüss
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Bonn, Reuterstraße 2b, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - H Bönisch
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Bonn, Reuterstraße 2b, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - B W Urban
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und spezielle Intensivmedizin, Universitätskliniken Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Göthert
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Bonn, Reuterstraße 2b, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
- Author for correspondence:
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17
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Brüss M, Eucker T, Göthert M, Bönisch H. Exon-intron organization of the human 5-HT3A receptor gene. Neuropharmacology 2000; 39:308-15. [PMID: 10670426 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(99)00116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The gene structure of the human 5-HT3A receptor gene was analyzed by exon to exon polymerase chain reaction and subsequent sequencing. The results were confirmed by restriction analysis and genomic Southern blotting. The coding region of the human gene was found to be split by eight introns at identical positions as in the murine 5-HT3A receptor gene. All exon-intron boundaries exhibited fully conserved splice donor and acceptor consensus sequences. The alternative splice acceptor in intron eight of the murine gene was not found in the human counterpart. The length of particular introns differs markedly from the murine gene. With the exception of intron 5, all human introns are longer than their murine counterparts. From the start to the stop codon the human gene stretches over about 14.5 kb. The human exon sequences confirm one of three published human 5-HT3A receptor cDNA sequences. Knowledge of the gene structure, including 1.9 kb of the 5' noncoding region, all introns and the exon-intron boundaries of the human 5-HT3A receptor gene should facilitate investigation of its potential role in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brüss
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Germany.
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18
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Brüss M, Bönisch H. Anticancer therapy-induced emesis: existence of an intestinal subtype of the 5-HT3 receptor? Gastroenterology 1998; 115:1606-7. [PMID: 9834299 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(98)70058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Pinedo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academisch Ziekenhuis, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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