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Rogers JF, Vandendoren M, Prather JF, Landen JG, Bedford NL, Nelson AC. Neural cell-types and circuits linking thermoregulation and social behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 161:105667. [PMID: 38599356 PMCID: PMC11163828 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how social and affective behavioral states are controlled by neural circuits is a fundamental challenge in neurobiology. Despite increasing understanding of central circuits governing prosocial and agonistic interactions, how bodily autonomic processes regulate these behaviors is less resolved. Thermoregulation is vital for maintaining homeostasis, but also associated with cognitive, physical, affective, and behavioral states. Here, we posit that adjusting body temperature may be integral to the appropriate expression of social behavior and argue that understanding neural links between behavior and thermoregulation is timely. First, changes in behavioral states-including social interaction-often accompany changes in body temperature. Second, recent work has uncovered neural populations controlling both thermoregulatory and social behavioral pathways. We identify additional neural populations that, in separate studies, control social behavior and thermoregulation, and highlight their relevance to human and animal studies. Third, dysregulation of body temperature is linked to human neuropsychiatric disorders. Although body temperature is a "hidden state" in many neurobiological studies, it likely plays an underappreciated role in regulating social and affective states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Rogers
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA; University of Wyoming Sensory Biology Center, USA
| | - Morgane Vandendoren
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA; University of Wyoming Sensory Biology Center, USA
| | - Jonathan F Prather
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Jason G Landen
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA; University of Wyoming Sensory Biology Center, USA
| | - Nicole L Bedford
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Adam C Nelson
- Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA; University of Wyoming Sensory Biology Center, USA.
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Eyer F, Zilker T. Bench-to-bedside review: mechanisms and management of hyperthermia due to toxicity. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2008; 11:236. [PMID: 18096088 PMCID: PMC2246210 DOI: 10.1186/cc6177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Body temperature can be severely disturbed by drugs capable of altering the balance between heat production and dissipation. If not treated aggressively, these events may become rapidly fatal. Several toxins can induce such non-infection-based temperature disturbances through different underlying mechanisms. The drugs involved in the eruption of these syndromes include sympathomimetics and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, antidopaminergic agents, anticholinergic compounds, serotonergic agents, medicaments with the capability of uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation, inhalation anesthetics, and unspecific agents causing drug fever. Besides centrally disturbed regulation disorders, hyperthermia often results as a consequence of intense skeletal muscle hypermetabolic reaction. This leads mostly to rapidly evolving muscle rigidity, extensive rhabdomyolysis, electrolyte disorders, and renal failure and may be fatal. The goal of treatment is to reduce body core temperature with both symptomatic supportive care, including active cooling, and specific treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Eyer
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, II Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, D-81675 Munich, Germany.
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Meigal A, Lupandin Y. “Thermoregulation-dependent component” in pathophysiology of motor disorders in Parkinson's disease? PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2005; 11:187-196. [PMID: 15837163 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2005.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2005] [Revised: 02/11/2005] [Accepted: 02/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by motor symptoms (resting tremor, brady- or akinesia and muscle rigidity), and also by postural problems gait disorder and fatigue as well as behavioural and autonomic symptoms, including thermoregulatory impairment. These symptoms are strikingly similar with some motor phenomena, evoked by the whole body cooling, though the primary cause of PD and cold-induced symptoms are apparently different. The review is focused on the hypothesis that thermoregulatory mechanisms are involved in pathophysiology of motor disorders in PD. The comparative analysis provides some examples of analogy between PD and the state of cooling in respect with tremor, muscle hypertonus, postural reactions and impairment of gross and fine muscle performance. This analogy cannot be considered as specific, because in some normal conditions the motor system utilises identical strategy to compensate for motor deterioration, e.g. at fatigue and ageing. However, such motor phenomena, as neuroleptic malignant syndrome and paired discharges of motor units indicate that the "thermoregulation-dependent component" exists in the pathophysiology of PD. Data on the influence of the whole body cooling and heating on muscle performance, rigidity and tremor in PD patients also provide evidence for the involvement of thermoregulatory mechanisms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Meigal
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Petrozavodsk State University, Lenin Street, 33, Petrozavodsk 185002, Republic of Karelia, Russia
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Ananth J, Aduri K, Parameswaran S, Gunatilake S. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2004; 16:219-28. [PMID: 26984310 DOI: 10.1111/j.0924-2708.2004.00085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is associated with the administration of antipsychotic agents and other drugs such as l-dopa, antidepressants, and antihistaminic agents. Unexpected changes in mental status, new-onset catatonia, episodic tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension, dysarthria, dysphagia, diaphoresis, sialorrhea, incontinence, low-grade temperature elevations, and rigidity should arouse suspicion. Several lines of evidence provide support for the involvement of dopamine. Most of the drugs implicated in NMS are D2 dopamine receptor antagonists. Central noradrenergic activity is also possibly related to the disorder, as sympathetic hyperactivity is associated with the active phase of NMS. Currently, the definitive role of GABA deficiency in NMS is yet to be established. Differential diagnosis should include malignant hyperthermia, lethal catatonia, lithium toxicity, serotonin syndrome, and heat stroke. A high degree of suspicion and the discontinuation of antipsychotic agents even if the diagnosis is not established are essential for the safety of the patient. Treatment of NMS should be individualized and be based empirically on the character, duration, and severity of the clinical signs and symptoms noted. The initial step in the treatment of NMS is the removal of the offending agent. Full-blown NMS is a serious condition and requires immediate supportive, nutritive, and electrolyte therapies. The administration of drugs that can improve NMS, such as IV dantrolene and/or oral bromocriptine, may also be taken into consideration, based on the severity and nature of the NMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jambur Ananth
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance
| | - Kamala Aduri
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance
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Hadad E, Weinbroum AA, Ben-Abraham R. Drug-induced hyperthermia and muscle rigidity: a practical approach. Eur J Emerg Med 2003; 10:149-54. [PMID: 12789076 DOI: 10.1097/00063110-200306000-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Body thermoregulation can be violently offset by drugs capable of altering the balance between heat production and dissipation. Such events may rapidly become fatal. The drugs that are involved in the eruption of such syndromes include inhalation anaesthetics, sympathomimetic agents, serotonin antagonists, antipsychotic agents and compounds that exhibit anticholinergic properties. The resultant hyperthermia is frequently accompanied by an intense skeletal muscle hypermetabolic reaction that leads to rapidly evolving rigidity, extensive rhabdomyolysis and hyperkalemia. The differential diagnosis should, however, rule out non-drug-induced causes, such as lethal catatonia, central nervous system infection or tetanus, strychnine poisoning, thyrotoxic storm and pheochromocytoma. Prompt life-saving procedures include aggressive body temperature reduction. Patients with a suspected drug (or non-drug) hypermetabolic reaction should be admitted into an intensive care area for close monitoring and system-oriented supportive treatment. We present six conditions, in decreasing order of gravity and potential lethality, in which hyperthermia plays an essential role, and suggest a clinical approach in such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Hadad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Hashimoto T, Tokuda T, Hanyu N, Tabata K, Yanagisawa N. Withdrawal of levodopa and other risk factors for malignant syndrome in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2003; 9 Suppl 1:S25-30. [PMID: 12735912 DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(02)00119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A symptom complex identical to neuroleptic malignant syndrome (MS) is known to develop in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) or other forms of parkinsonism on long-term treatment with anti-parkinsonian drugs. In order to clarify the risk factors for parkinsonian MS, the authors retrospectively reviewed charts of consecutive inpatients with PD in the neurological departments at the three hospitals and found 16 episodes of parkinsonian MS in 14 patients. A survey of health status preceding MS disclosed that deterioration of parkinsonian symptoms alone may induce MS, while association of major risk factors, i.e. rapid discontinuation of anti-parkinsonian drugs, dehydration or infection may precipitate or exacerbate MS. Cerebral vascular disorders, mechanical brain injury or physiological stress could be other risk factors leading to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Hashimoto
- Third Department of Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
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Abstract
The differential diagnosis of the hyperpyrexic patient in the emergency department is extensive. It includes sepsis, heat illness including heat stroke, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, malignant hyperthermia, serotonin syndrome and thyroid storm. Each of these possible diagnoses has distinguishing features that may help to differentiate one from another. However, establishing the correct diagnosis is a challenge in the setting of the obtunded emergency patient who gives no history and where there may be limited access to any past medical or drug history. This paper presents such a case and reviews the features of the differential diagnoses and management of the hyperpyrexic patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A McGugan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland, Australia.
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Gurrera RJ. The Role of Calcium and Peripheral Catecholamines in the Pathophysiology of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome. Psychiatr Ann 2000. [DOI: 10.3928/0048-5713-20000501-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The author's goal was to develop a pathophysiological model for neuroleptic malignant syndrome with greater explanatory power than the alternative hypotheses of hypothalamic dopamine antagonism (elevated set point) and direct myotoxicity (malignant hyperthermia variant). METHOD Published clinical findings on neuroleptic malignant syndrome were integrated with data from human and animal studies of muscle physiology, thermoregulation, and autonomic nervous system function. RESULTS The data show that the sympathetic nervous system's latent capacity for autonomous activity is expressed when tonic inhibitory inputs from higher central nervous system centers are disrupted. These tonic inhibitory inputs are relayed to preganglionic sympathetic neurons by way of dopaminergic hypothalamospinal tracts. The sympathetic nervous system mediates hypothalamic coordination of thermoregulatory activity and is a primary regulator of muscle tone and thermogenesis, augmenting both of these when stimulated. In addition, the sympathetic nervous system modulates all of the other end-organs that function abnormally in neuroleptic malignant syndrome. CONCLUSIONS There is substantial evidence to support the hypothesis that dysregulated sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity is responsible for most, if not all, features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. A predisposition to more extreme sympathetic nervous system activation and/or dysfunction in response to emotional or psychological stress may constitute a trait vulnerability for neuroleptic malignant syndrome, which, when coupled with state variables such as acute psychic distress or dopamine receptor antagonism, produces the clinical syndrome of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. This hypothesis provides a more comprehensive explanation for existing clinical data than do the current alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Gurrera
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brockton-West Roxbury DVA Medical Center, Brockton, MA 02301, USA.
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Abstract
Serum osmolality and its relationship to diaphoresis and polydipsic behavior were examined in a series of 38 episodes of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) in 29 patients. Clinical variables were associated with significantly higher serum osmolality, and diaphoresis tended to emerge earlier than polydipsia in the course of NMS. The findings of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that, at least in some NMS patients, diaphoresis leads to dehydration followed by physiologically appropriate thirst and increased oral water intake. It appears that intravenous hydration is often necessary to correct the significant free water deficit that can occur during the course of NMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Gurrera
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA
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