1
|
Santangelo R, Castoldi V, D'Isa R, Marenna S, Huang SC, Cursi M, Comi G, Leocani L. Visual evoked potentials can be reliably recorded using noninvasive epidermal electrodes in the anesthetized rat. Doc Ophthalmol 2018; 136:165-175. [PMID: 29623523 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-018-9630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are a powerful tool to evaluate nervous conduction along the visual pathways, both in humans and in animal models. Traditionally, epidural screw electrodes are used to record VEPs in preclinical research. Here we tested the feasibility in the preclinical setting of the same noninvasive technique used for clinical VEP acquisition, by using epidermal cup electrodes with no surgical procedures. METHODS Monocular flash VEPs were recorded bilaterally under sevoflurane anesthesia once a week for 6 weeks in 14 dark Agouti rats, 7 with implanted epidural screws and 7 with epidermal 6 mm Ø Ag/AgCl cups. RESULTS VEP traces obtained with the two techniques were morphologically comparable. There were no significant differences in latency of the main visual component between screw-recorded VEPs (sVEPs) and cup-recorded VEPs (cVEPs). Amplitude values with epidermal cups were significantly lower than those with epidural screws. Both techniques provided latencies and amplitudes which were stable over time. Furthermore, with regard to latency both methods ensured highly repeatable measurements over time, with epidermal cups even providing slightly better results. On the other hand, considering amplitudes, cVEPs and sVEPs provided fairly acceptable repeatability. CONCLUSIONS Epidermal cup electrodes can provide comparable results to those obtained with the "gold standard" epidural screws, while representing a simpler and less invasive technique to test nervous conduction along the visual pathways in the preclinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Santangelo
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) - IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele - IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Castoldi
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) - IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele - IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele D'Isa
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) - IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Marenna
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) - IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele - IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Su-Chun Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) - IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele - IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Cursi
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) - IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) - IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele - IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Leocani
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) - IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. .,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele - IRCCS-San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hetzler BE, Meckel KR, Stickle BA. Methylphenidate alters flash-evoked potentials, body temperature, and behavior in Long–Evans rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 116:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
3
|
The photically evoked afterdischarge: Current concepts and potential applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3758/bf03326741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
4
|
Effects of shock-induced arousal on the elicitation and waveform elaboration of photically evoked afterdischarges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3758/bf03326552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
5
|
|
6
|
Hetzler BE, Martin EI. Nicotine-ethanol interactions in flash-evoked potentials and behavior of Long-Evans rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2006; 83:76-89. [PMID: 16430948 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2005.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2005] [Revised: 12/08/2005] [Accepted: 12/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although nicotine and ethanol are often used together, little is known about their combined effects on visual system electrophysiology. This experiment examined the separate and combined effects of nicotine and ethanol on flash-evoked potentials (FEPs) recorded from both the visual cortex (VC) and superior colliculus (SC) of chronically implanted male Long-Evans rats. There were four treatment conditions administered on separate days: either saline or ethanol (2.0 g/kg, i.p.) was given 10 min before either saline or nicotine (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.). FEPs were recorded at 5, 20, and 40 min following the second injection. In the VC, ethanol significantly decreased the amplitude of most components, but increased P46. Peaks P22 and N53 were unchanged. Nicotine enhanced most component amplitudes, but decreased N29 and P234, while P22 and N139 were unchanged. In the SC, ethanol depressed the amplitude of all components studied. In contrast, nicotine significantly depressed only P27 and N48. Latencies of most components in both structures were increased by ethanol, nicotine, and the combination treatment, although a nicotine-induced enhancement of the effects of ethanol on latencies was not typically observed. Each drug treatment also produced significant hypothermia, with the combination treatment resulting in the greatest hypothermia. Ethanol, either alone or in combination with nicotine, significantly reduced body movements during the FEP recording sessions. In subsequent open-field observations, ethanol, but not nicotine, significantly increased the number of squares crossed, while the combination treatment produced the greatest increase in movement. Nicotine significantly increased rearing behavior, but both ethanol and the combination treatment eliminated rearings. Overall, data suggesting that nicotine can counteract some of the effects of ethanol was demonstrated in varying degrees in the amplitude of VC components N39, P46, N53, N65, and P88, the latency of VC component N53, the amplitude of SC component N59, and the latency of SC components N48 and N54. In contrast, a nicotine-induced enhancement of the effects of ethanol was found for only the latency of VC components N39, P88, and P234, body temperature, and open-field ambulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Hetzler
- Department of Psychology, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI 54912, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hetzler BE, Krekow LK. Temperature dependence and independence of effects of pentobarbital on visual evoked potentials of rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 1999; 21:181-91. [PMID: 10192279 DOI: 10.1016/s0892-0362(98)00040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Visual cortex flash evoked potentials (FEPs), pattern reversal evoked potentials (PREPs), and body temperature were measured in hooded rats following IP injections on separate days of saline, and of 15 and 30 mg pentobarbital/kg body weight. Two experiments were performed, differentiated by standard (23 degrees C) and warm (31 degrees C) room temperatures. The 30 mg/kg dose produced hypothermia of 2.6 degrees C in the standard environment, but not in the warm environment. Early components of FEPs were generally increased in amplitude by the 15 mg/kg dose, and decreased by the 30 mg/kg dose at 23 degrees C. At 31 degrees C, the 30 mg/kg dose did not decrease early component amplitude, suggesting that hypothermia can potentiate some effects of pentobarbital. Amplitudes of late FEP components were depressed at both ambient temperatures. The main PREP components N1P1 and P1N3 were increased in amplitude by the 15 mg/kg dose, but returned to near baseline levels at 30 mg/kg, at both temperatures. PREP component N2P2 was reduced in amplitude by the 30 mg/kg dose only at 23 degrees C. Treatment with 30 mg/kg pentobarbital increased FEP and PREP latencies at both ambient temperatures, but the magnitudes of the increases at 31 degrees C were typically less than half those observed at 23 degrees C. These results indicate that hypothermia contributes to some pentobarbital-induced changes in both FEPs and PREPs, but that pentobarbital also produces effects independent of hypothermia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B E Hetzler
- Department of Psychology, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI 54912, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sarkadi A, Inczeffy Z. Simultaneous quantitative evaluation of visual-evoked responses and background EEG activity in rat: normative data. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 1996; 35:145-51. [PMID: 8782092 DOI: 10.1016/1056-8719(96)00025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An integrated quantitative electroencephalography system (Phegra) for pharmacological and toxicological research in rat is described. Peak latencies and amplitudes of visual-evoked potentials, occurrence, duration, and linear excursions of photically evoked afterdischarges, "activity," "mobility," "complexity" of Hjorth, and absolute spectral powers of delta, theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands of background activity of visual cortex and frontal-visual leads were measured in freely moving rats. Counts of small and large movements were also registered. Data of baseline measurements performed in large amount of animals are presented. None of the parameters except the occurrence of photically evoked afterdischarge and the linear excursion of its averaged waveshape changed significantly in five measurements performed within six hours following the intraperitoneal and oral administration of two commonly used drug vehicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sarkadi
- Pharmacological Research Centre, Chemical Works of G. Richter, Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shaw NA. The effects of low-pass filtering on the flash visual evoked potential of the albino rat. J Neurosci Methods 1992; 44:233-40. [PMID: 1474855 DOI: 10.1016/0165-0270(92)90015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Flash visual evoked potentials (FVEPs) were recorded from the rat in order to determine the effects of low-pass filtering on the wave form. The low-frequency (high pass) filter remained fixed at 3.2 Hz while the setting of the high-frequency (low-pass) filter was progressively raised from 32 Hz to 3.2 kHz. The amplitude of the primary cortical potential (P30) steadily increased while its latency decreased until asymptotic values were recorded with a low-pass cut-off of 320 Hz. Thereafter, there was little additional change in wave form. It is concluded that a bandpass of 3.2-320 Hz is optimal to record the primary cortical response of the FVEP, and this is consistent with the theory that the P30 potential is generated by comparatively slow post-synaptic activity. In a second experiment the effects of low-pass filtering were examined on the later and more labile secondary components of the FVEP wave form. These were found to be less responsive to low-pass filtering than the early components and assumed a near optimal configuration when the high-frequency cut-off was raised to 80 Hz. The high-frequency filter setting which is most appropriate to record the primary component of the FVEP therefore appears to be more than adequate also to record the secondary responses. It is also shown that the same principles of low-pass filtering on the FVEP will apply irrespective of whether the subject is awake or anaesthetised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N A Shaw
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Herr DW, Boyes WK, Dyer RS. Rat flash-evoked potential peak N160 amplitude: modulation by relative flash intensity. Physiol Behav 1991; 49:355-65. [PMID: 2062908 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(91)90056-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The flash-evoked potential (FEP) of rats has a large negative peak (N160) approximately 160 ms following stimulation. This peak has been reported to be modulated by the subject's state of behavioral arousal and influenced by several test parameters. These experiments examined the influences of repeated testing, the number of stimuli/session, interactions of ambient illumination and flash intensity, and the effect of pupillary dilation on the development and amplitude of peak N160. The amplitude of peak N160 increased with daily testing and reached an asymptotic amplitude by about day 10. This amplitude was affected by the intensity of the flash stimulus relative to the ambient illumination (RFI) and appeared to reach a "ceiling" amplitude at greater than 50 dB RFI. The number of stimuli/session and dilation of the subject's pupils did not have a large influence on the growth or asymptotic level of peak N160 amplitude. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the growth of peak N160 may represent a sensitization-like phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D W Herr
- Health Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hetzler BE, Melk AM. Effects of ketamine, naloxone, and physostigmine on flash evoked potentials in rat superior colliculus. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1989; 32:511-8. [PMID: 2727013 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(89)90190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Flash evoked potentials were recorded from the superior colliculus of chronically implanted hooded rats at 5 and 20 min following IP injections of saline, ketamine (75 mg/kg), naloxone (10 mg/kg), or physostigmine (0.4 mg/kg) on separate days. Components in an early positive complex were unaffected by ketamine and naloxone, but were reduced in amplitude by physostigmine. A positive spike emerged from the middle of a later negative wave following ketamine administration, but the amplitude of the negative wave was unaltered by naloxone or physostigmine. A succeeding positive component was enhanced by both ketamine and physostigmine. Physostigmine produced the most consistent alterations in latency, with most components increasing in latency. Naloxone pretreatment did not alter ketamine's influence on evoked potential amplitudes. Pretreatment with physostigmine briefly decreased the amplitude of the ketamine-induced positive spike, augmented the amplitude of the succeeding positive component, and also increased most peak latencies. Ketamine, naloxone and physostigmine all produced approximately equivalent hypothermia. Physostigmine, but not naloxone, pretreatment augmented the ketamine-induced hypothermia. The body temperature data suggest that some of the observed latency alterations are secondary to hypothermia. The amplitude data indicate that ketamine and physostigmine produce a combination of similar, distinct, and antagonistic effects on evoked potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B E Hetzler
- Department of Psychology, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI 54912
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Flash evoked potentials recorded from awake rats contain a negative peak occurring about 160 msec after the flash (N160). This peak has been associated with a specific level of arousal, and/or habituation by various authors. The current studies attempted to determine whether changes in N160 amplitude which accompany repeated testing reflect processes associated with sensitization or habituation. This paper describes experiments in Long-Evans hooded rats which demonstrate the effects of repeated testing, varying stimulus intensity, varying stimulus frequency, and discharging an alarm bell before and during a test session. Repeated testing produced increases in N160 amplitude which were greater at high than low stimulus intensities. Repeated exposure to the test chamber without flashing did not alter N160 amplitude, nor did altering stimulus rate within the range of 0.5 to 4.0 Hz. Discharging an alarm increased N160 amplitude. Taken together, the data suggest that amplitude of N160 more closely reflects sensitization to the stimulus than habituation to either the stimulus or any feature of the test situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R S Dyer
- Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vanderwolf CH. Cerebral activity and behavior: control by central cholinergic and serotonergic systems. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 1988; 30:225-340. [PMID: 3061969 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(08)60050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C H Vanderwolf
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
van Gool WA, Mirmiran M, van Haaren F. Spatial memory and visual evoked potentials in young and old rats after housing in an enriched environment. BEHAVIORAL AND NEURAL BIOLOGY 1985; 44:454-69. [PMID: 4084189 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-1047(85)90880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of aging and of housing in an enriched environment on performance in an 8-arm radial maze were evaluated in young adult (7-8 months) and old (30-33 months) male Brown-Norway rats, using a procedure in which the rats were confined for 8 s to the central platform of the maze between consecutive choices. Although the old rats attained a level of performance which was clearly above change, they were shown to perform worse than the young rats. No performance differences were found between differentially housed rats of the same age group. In a second experiment recovery cycles of visual evoked potentials were determined in the same rats by using paired flashes with an interstimulus time of 400, 300, 200, or 100 ms. Recovery was consistently smaller in the old rats as compared to the young ones. No correlation could be demonstrated, however, between radial maze performance or housing condition and recovery functions of the visual evoked potentials. This finding indicates that a decline in visual sensitivity cannot readily explain the impaired radial maze performance of old rats. Evidence which suggests that age-related hippocampal changes play a major role in the radial maze performance deficit is discussed.
Collapse
|
15
|
Hetzler BE, Dyer RS. Contribution of hypothermia to effects of chloral hydrate on flash evoked potentials of hooded rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1984; 21:599-607. [PMID: 6504955 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(84)80045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the contribution of hypothermia to the effects of chloral hydrate on the flash evoked potential (FEP) of hooded rats. Three experiments were performed, all employing intraperitoneal injections of saline, and of 75, 150 and 300 mg chloral hydrate/kg body weight. In the first experiment, body temperature was measured in a standard (23 degrees C) environment for 6 hr following injection. Rats were hypothermic following administration of the 150 and 300 mg/kg dosages for up to 1 and 2 hr, respectively. In the second experiment, FEPs were recorded from the visual cortex of chronically implanted rats 30 min after injection (22 degrees C environment). P1N1, N1P2 and P2N2 amplitudes and P1, N1, P2, N2 and P3 peak latencies were significantly increased by the 300 mg/kg dosage. Increased latencies were also noted for the primary components with the 150 mg/kg dosage. The final experiment replicated the second experiment, but at an ambient temperature of 30 degrees C, which prevented hypothermia. Amplitudes were unaffected by chloral hydrate. Significantly increased peak latencies were observed, even with the 75 mg/kg dose for some components. However, the magnitude of the latency increases of the primary components was less than half of that found with a standard environment. These results indicate that depending upon ambient temperature, hypothermia may contribute to chloral hydrate-induced alterations in FEPs.
Collapse
|
16
|
Petukhov VV, Godukhin OV, Popov LA. Effectiveness of various types of reinforcement in a controlled experiment. NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY 1982; 12:17-21. [PMID: 7177354 DOI: 10.1007/bf01186677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
17
|
|
18
|
King GA, Burnham WM, Livingston KE. Flash-evoked afterdischarge in rat as a model of the absence seizure: dose-response studies with therapeutic drugs. Epilepsia 1980; 21:531-9. [PMID: 7418668 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1980.tb04304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The flash-evoked afterdischarge (FEAD) is a self-sustained burst of wave-and-spike complexes recorded from occipital cortex in the rat and other animals in response to a single light flash. On the basis of behavioral experiments and studies employing single doses of antiepileptic drugs, FEAD has been proposed as a model of the absence seizure. In order to test the validity of FEAD as an absence seizure model, the present experiments determined dose-response relationships for the suppression of FEAD by six antiepileptic drugs with established clinical profiles. It was found that phenobarbital, ethosuximide, and trimethadione suppressed FEAD in a dose-related manner, and that ethosuximide was approximately three times as potent as trimethadione. Mephenytoin produced a maximal reduction of FEAD of only 30 to 40%, which was not dose-related. Neither phenytoin nor acetazolamide suppressed FEAD. The results obtained with ethosuximide, trimethadione, and phenytoin are qualitatively similar to their therapeutic effects in absence epilepsy. The FEAD model failed, however, to unequivocally predict the therapeutic efficacy of mephenytoin or acetazolamide. In this respect, it is similar to the metrazol seizure model. It is concluded that FEAD is a valid absence seizure model with a pharmacological predictive value that is at least as good as the metrazol model.
Collapse
|
19
|
Myslobodsky M, Rosen J. Hemispheric asymmetry of pentamethylenetetrazol-induced wave-spike discharges and motor imbalance in rats. Epilepsia 1979; 20:377-86. [PMID: 477631 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1979.tb04817.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An intrinsic asymmetry of nigrostriatal dopamine system postulated to be responsible for motor imbalance in normal rats (Glick et al., 1976) is believed to create asymmetry of arousal-sensitive wave-spike discharges. In the present study, bilaterally recorded pentamethylenetetrazol (PMZ)-activated wave-spike discharges were correlated with circling behavior in intact rats. Thirteen naive rats (10 male, 3 female) were implanted with electrodes symmetrically placed over the visual cortices, and their rotation directionality was assessed in the rotometer subsequent to administration of d-methamphetamine sul-ate, 1.5 mg/kg, i.p. In 9 rats a PMZ injection, 20 mg/kg, i.p., revealed asymmetric wave-spike bursts. All of them reliably rotated in the dirction opposite to the hemisphere with lower amplitude wave-spike discharges. It is believed that the nigrostriatal dopamine system plays a major role in modulating the asymmetry of wave-spike seizures. The findings are discussed as they relate to asymmetric generalized wave-spike dischanges found in certain petit mal patients.
Collapse
|
20
|
Donovick PJ, Burright RG, Bengelloun WA. The septal region and behavior: An example of the importance of genetic and experiential factors in determining effects of brain damage. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/0149-7634(79)90037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
21
|
Harrison-Read PE. Evoked potential correlates of stable inter-individual differences in rat behaviour. Brain Res Bull 1979; 4:447-51. [PMID: 487199 DOI: 10.1016/s0361-9230(79)80025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in rats' exploratory behaviour are stable over time, suggesting inherent differences in brain mechanisms for handling sensory information. These differences may have a neurophysiological basis since a negative correlation was found between individual variation in exploratory behaviour and recovery functions of cortical visual evoked potentials. Recovery functions were an expression of the extent to which the visual system recovered its responsiveness following initial stimulation. They were obtained by using pairs of flash stimuli separated by 3 interstimulus intervals (ISIs): 100, 200 and 300 msec. Recovery was defined as the amplitude of the response to the second flash expressed as a proportion of the response to the first flash. Only short latency components of the evoked responses were considered. The mean value for recovery averaged over the three ISIs constituted the recovery function. Only responses recorded when rats were quiet but alert were used for analysis. Evoked potential recovery functions appear to reflect a neurophysiological mechanism underlying the different capacities of individual rats for responding to novelty.
Collapse
|
22
|
Shavit Y, Myslobodsky M. An electrophysiological correlate of amphetamine revealed motor imbalance in albino rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1979; 10:195-9. [PMID: 572057 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(79)90086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ten out of eleven Wistar rats displayed a reliable interhemispheric asymmetry of the secondary slow negative wave (SNW) of the visual evoked potential. A more synchronized EEG was observed on the side of facilitated SNW. The analysis of rotation directionality in the rotometer of these rats after IP (+)-amphetamine administration (1.25 mg/kg) showed that rats reliably rotated towards the side with a more facilitated SNW. It is believed that an imbalance of nigrostriatal DA content underlies the interhemispheric asymmetry of EEG and evoked potentials.
Collapse
|
23
|
Changes in visual evoked potentials after injection of tetanus toxin into the lateral geniculate body. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01078556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
24
|
Hetzler BE, Rosenfeld JP, Birkel PA, Antoinetti DN. Characterstics of operant control of centrally evoked potentials in rats. Physiol Behav 1977; 19:527-34. [PMID: 613346 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(77)90229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
25
|
Bigler ED. Neurophysiology, neuropharmacology and behavioral relationships of visual system evoked after-discharges: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/0147-7552(77)90016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
26
|
Shearer DE, Fleming DE, Bigler ED. The photically evoked afterdischarge: a model for the study of drugs useful in the treatment of petit mal epilepsy. Epilepsia 1976; 17:429-35. [PMID: 826395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1976.tb04455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lightly restrained albino rats were administered dipropylacetic acid, trimethadione, diphenylhydantoin, saline, and a pentylenetetrazol challenge. The results were attributed to the locus of action of the anticonvulsants and strongly support the usefulness of the photically evoked after discharge as a model for the evaluation of thalamically active drugs, with particular reference to those useful in the control of petit mal epilepsy.
Collapse
|
27
|
Andry DK. Drug-induced dissociation of evoked responses and performance in mice. BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY 1976; 17:17-29. [PMID: 938409 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6773(76)90212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
28
|
Bigler ED, Fleming DE, Shearer DE. Stabilization of photically evoked after-discharge activity: control procedures and effects of classical trace conditioning. BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY 1976; 16:425-37. [PMID: 962707 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6773(76)91587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
29
|
Bigler ED. Lateral geniculate multiple-unit activity related to metrazol potentiated after-discharges. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1975; 39:491-7. [PMID: 52442 DOI: 10.1016/0013-4694(75)90050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Following parenteral administration of subconvulsive levels of pentylenetetrazol (Metrazol) photic stimulation induced an augmented rhythmic sequence of late neuron population burst-inhibition periods in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the rat. This late bursting-inhibition activity was in turn observed to be associated with the augmentation of cortically recorded photically evoked after-discharges (PhADs). Multiple-unit activity (MUA) was also recorded from superior colliculus (SC), reticular formation (RF), posterior thalamic area (PTN), and dorsal hippocampus (HIPP). Only SC and RF exhibited an initial discharge to photic stimulation with late bursting infrequently observed and only in the SC. PTN showed some tonic increases in MUA following photic stimulation. HIPP MUA was essentially unaffected by photic pulse stimulation. The results document the neuronal role of the LGN in PhAD activity and were discussed in terms of a recurrent LGN inhibitory system governing cortical PhAD production and elaboration.
Collapse
|
30
|
Fleming DE, Bigler ED. Relationship between photically evoked after-discharge occurrence and hippocampal EEG rhythms in restrained and unrestrained albino rats. Physiol Behav 1974; 13:757-61. [PMID: 4445281 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(74)90258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
31
|
Rosenfeld JP, Hetzler BE, Kosnik W. Operant photic evoked potential control, unmediated by selective orientation. Physiol Behav 1974; 13:479-82. [PMID: 4438461 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(74)90104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
32
|
Fleming DE, Shearer DE, Creel DJ. Effect of pharmacologically-induced arousal on the evoked potential in the unanesthetized rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1974; 2:187-92. [PMID: 4829596 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(74)90051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
33
|
Megirian D, Buresˇová O, Buresˇ J. Skilled forelimb movements and visually evoked potentials in rats. Brain Res 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(74)90080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
34
|
Creel DJ, Dustman RE, Beck EC. Visually evoked responses in the rat, guinea pig, cat, monkey, and man. Exp Neurol 1973; 40:351-66. [PMID: 4199749 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(73)90079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
35
|
Yellin AM, Jerison HJ. Visual evoked potentials and inter-stimulus intervals in the rat. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1973; 34:429-32. [PMID: 4120317 DOI: 10.1016/0013-4694(73)90094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
36
|
Pond FJ, Schwartzbaum JS. Interrelationships of hippocampal EEG and visual evoked responses during appetitive behavior in rats. Brain Res 1972; 43:119-37. [PMID: 5050185 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(72)90278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
37
|
|
38
|
Schwartzbaum JS, Kreinick CJ, Mello WF. Cortical evoked potentials and synchronization of electrocortical activity during consummatory behavior in rats. Brain Res 1972; 36:171-82. [PMID: 5008376 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(72)90773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|