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Kumar N, Thorat ST, Gite A, Patole PB. Selenium nanoparticles and omega-3 fatty acid enhanced thermal tolerance in fish against arsenic and high temperature. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 261:109447. [PMID: 36030006 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aquatic ecosystem is prone to global climate change and pollution affecting aquatic animals, including fish. In light of the above, we experimented with delineate the role of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) to enhance the thermal tolerance in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus reared under control or concurrent exposure to high temperature and arsenic (As + T) for 112 days. Se-NPs were synthesized using the green approach. Four experimental diets viz. EPA + DHA at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 % along with Se-NPs at 0.2 mg kg-1 diet were formulated and prepared. End of the experiment (112 days), the thermal tolerance viz. CTmin (critical thermal minima) CTmax (critical thermal maxima), LTmin (lethal thermal minima) and LTmax (lethal thermal maxima) were determined. Supplementation of EPA + DHA along with Se-NPs noticeably improved the thermal tolerance of the fish reared under stress (As + T) and control condition. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione-s-transferase, catalase, glutathione peroxides and LPO were enhanced by As + T, whereas EPA + DHA at 0.4 % and Se-NPs reduced the oxidative stress. Further, acetylcholine esterase was inhibited by arsenic alone and concurrent with temperature but dietary supplementation significantly enhanced the brain AChE activity. Exposure to arsenic and concurrent with a temperature significantly reduced the ATPase. Whereas supplementation of EPA + DHA at 0.4 % and Se-NPs enhanced the ATPase in liver and gill tissues. Arsenic bioaccumulation was also reduced with EPA + DHA at 0.4 % and Se-NPs. The present investigation concluded that EPA + DHA at 0.4 % and Se-NPs at 0.2 mg kg-1 diet protects the P. hypophthalmus against arsenic pollution and thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, Maharashtra 413115, India.
| | - Supriya Tukaram Thorat
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, Maharashtra 413115, India
| | - Archana Gite
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, Maharashtra 413115, India
| | - Pooja Bapurao Patole
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, Maharashtra 413115, India
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Gursoy M, Gul Z, Buyukuysal RL. Sigma receptor ligands haloperidol and ifenprodil attenuate hypoxia induced dopamine release in rat striatum. Neurol Res 2022; 44:927-936. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2072100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Gursoy
- Bursa Provincial Health Directorate, T.C. Ministry of Health, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Zulfiye Gul
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - R. Levent Buyukuysal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Barath AS, Rusheen AE, Rojas Cabrera JM, Price JB, Owen RL, Shin H, Jang DP, Blaha CD, Lee KH, Oh Y. Hypoxia-Associated Changes in Striatal Tonic Dopamine Release: Real-Time in vivo Measurements With a Novel Voltammetry Technique. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:869. [PMID: 32973432 PMCID: PMC7461928 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Striatal tonic dopamine increases rapidly during global cerebral hypoxia. This phenomenon has previously been studied using microdialysis techniques which have relatively poor spatio-temporal resolution. In this study, we measured changes in tonic dopamine during hypoxia (death) in real time with high spatio-temporal resolution using novel multiple cyclic square wave voltammetry (MCSWV) and conventional fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) techniques. Methods MCSWV and FSCV were used to measure dopamine release at baseline and during hypoxia induced by euthanasia, with and without prior alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT) treatment, in urethane anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats. Results Baseline tonic dopamine levels were found to be 274.1 ± 49.4 nM (n = 5; mean ± SEM). Following intracardiac urethane injection, the tonic levels increased to a peak concentration of 1753.8 ± 95.7 nM within 3.6 ± 0.6 min (n = 5), followed by a decline to 50.7 ± 21.5 nM (n = 4) at 20 min. AMPT pre-treatment significantly reduced this dopamine peak to 677.9 ± 185.7 nM (n = 3). FSCV showed a significantly higher (p = 0.0079) peak dopamine release of 6430.4 ± 1805.7 nM (n = 5) during euthanasia-induced cerebral hypoxia. Conclusion MCSWV is a novel tool to study rapid changes in tonic dopamine release in vivo during hypoxia. We found a 6-fold increase in peak dopamine levels during hypoxia which was attenuated with AMPT pre-treatment. These changes are much lower compared to those found with microdialysis. This could be due to improved estimation of baseline tonic dopamine with MCSWV. Higher dopamine response measured with FSCV could be due to an increased oxidation current from electroactive interferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet S Barath
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Aaron E Rusheen
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - J Blair Price
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Robert L Owen
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hojin Shin
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Dong Pyo Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Charles D Blaha
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kendall H Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Yoonbae Oh
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Eng JWL, Reed CB, Kokolus KM, Repasky EA. Housing temperature influences the pattern of heat shock protein induction in mice following mild whole body hyperthermia. Int J Hyperthermia 2015; 30:540-6. [PMID: 25430986 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2014.981300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Researchers studying the murine response to stress generally use mice housed under standard, nationally mandated conditions as controls. Few investigators are concerned whether basic physical aspects of mouse housing could be an additional source of stress, capable of influencing the subsequent impact of an experimentally applied stressor. We have recently become aware of the potential for housing conditions to impact important physiological and immunological properties in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here we sought to determine whether housing mice at standard temperature (ST; 22 °C) vs. thermoneutral temperature (TT; 30 °C) influences baseline expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and their typical induction following a whole body heating. RESULTS There were no significant differences in baseline expression of HSPs at ST and TT. However, in several cases, the induction of Hsp70, Hsp110 and Hsp90 in tissues of mice maintained at ST was greater than at TT following 6 h of heating (which elevated core body temperature to 39.5 °C). This loss of HSP induction was also seen when mice housed at ST were treated with propranolol, a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, used clinically to treat hypertension and stress. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data show that housing temperature significantly influences the expression of HSPs in mice after whole body heating and thus should be considered when stress responses are studied in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W-L Eng
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, New York , USA
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Pastuszko P, Schears GJ, Greeley WJ, Kubin J, Wilson DF, Pastuszko A. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor reduces brain injury in a cardiopulmonary bypass-circulatory arrest model of ischemia in a newborn piglet. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:2085-92. [PMID: 25082120 PMCID: PMC4265391 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1399-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic brain injury continues to be of major concern in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery for congenital heart disease. Striatum and hippocampus are particularly vulnerable to injury during these processes. Our hypothesis is that the neuronal injury resulting from CPB and the associated circulatory arrest can be at least partly ameliorated by pre-treatment with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Fourteen male newborn piglets were assigned to three groups: deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA), DHCA with G-CSF, and sham-operated. The first two groups were placed on CPB, cooled to 18 °C, subjected to 60 min of DHCA, re-warmed and recovered for 8-9 h. At the end of experiment, the brains were perfused, fixed and cut into 10 µm transverse sections. Apoptotic cells were visualized by in situ DNA fragmentation assay (TUNEL), with the density of injured cells expressed as a mean number ± SD per mm(2). The number of injured cells in the striatum and CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus increased significantly following DHCA. In the striatum, the increase was from 0.46 ± 0.37 to 3.67 ± 1.57 (p = 0.002); in the CA1, from 0.11 ± 0.19 to 5.16 ± 1.57 (p = 0.001), and in the CA3, from 0.28 ± 0.25 to 2.98 ± 1.82 (p = 0.040). Injection of G-CSF prior to bypass significantly reduced the number of injured cells in the striatum and CA1 region, by 51 and 37 %, respectively. In the CA3 region, injured cell density did not differ between the G-CSF and control group. In a model of hypoxic brain insult associated with CPB, G-CSF significantly reduces neuronal injury in brain regions important for cognitive functions, suggesting it can significantly improve neurological outcomes from procedures requiring DHCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pastuszko
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, The Ward Family Heart Center, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA,
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Ravikumar S, Muthuraman P. Cortisol effect on heat shock proteins in the C2C12 and 3T3-L1 cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 50:581-6. [PMID: 24825387 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to understand the effect of cortisol on heat shock protein system (Hsps) in the C2C12 and 3T3-L1 cells under co-culture system. Cells were co-cultured by using Transwell inserts with a 0.4-μm porous membrane to separate C2C12 and 3T3-L1 cells. Each cell type was grown independently on the Transwell plates. After cell differentiation, inserts containing 3T3-L1 cells were transferred to C2C12 plates and inserts containing C2C12 cells transferred to 3T3-L1 plates. Ten micrograms per microliter of cortisol was added to the medium. Following 72 h of treatment, the cells in the lower wells were harvested for analysis. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) such as Hsp27, Hsp70, and Hsp90 were selected for the analysis. The qRT-PCR results showed the significant increase in the mRNA expression of as Hsp27, Hsp70, and Hsp90. In addition, confocal microscopical investigation showed the cortisol treatment increases Hsps expressions in the mono and co-cultured C2C12 and 3T3-L1 cells. From the results, we concluded that the cortisol increases Hsps expression in the co-cultured C2C12 and 3T3-L1 cells, which is differed from one-dimensional mono-cultured C2C12 and 3T3-L1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambandam Ravikumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Catholic University of Daegu, 13-13 Hayang-ro, Hayang-eup Gyeongsan, South Korea
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Linking physiological and cellular responses to thermal stress: β-adrenergic blockade reduces the heat shock response in fish. J Comp Physiol B 2014; 184:719-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-014-0831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Seasonal variations of cellular stress response of the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). J Comp Physiol B 2012; 183:625-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-012-0735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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LeBlanc S, Höglund E, Gilmour KM, Currie S. Hormonal modulation of the heat shock response: insights from fish with divergent cortisol stress responses. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 302:R184-92. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00196.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute temperature stress in animals results in increases in heat shock proteins (HSPs) and stress hormones. There is evidence that stress hormones influence the magnitude of the heat shock response; however, their role is equivocal. To determine whether and how stress hormones may affect the heat shock response, we capitalized on two lines of rainbow trout specifically bred for their high (HR) and low (LR) cortisol response to stress. We predicted that LR fish, with a low cortisol but high catecholamine response to stress, would induce higher levels of HSPs after acute heat stress than HR trout. We found that HR fish have significantly higher increases in both catecholamines and cortisol compared with LR fish, and LR fish had no appreciable stress hormone response to heat shock. This unexpected finding prevented further interpretation of the hormonal modulation of the heat shock response but provided insight into stress-coping styles and environmental stress. HR fish also had a significantly greater and faster heat shock response and less oxidative protein damage than LR fish. Despite these clear differences in the physiological and cellular responses to heat shock, there were no differences in the thermal tolerance of HR and LR fish. Our results support the hypothesis that responsiveness to environmental change underpins the physiological differences in stress-coping styles. Here, we demonstrate that the heat shock response is a distinguishing feature of the HR and LR lines and suggest that it may have been coselected with the hormonal responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha LeBlanc
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Erik Höglund
- North Sea Research Center, Technical University of Denmark, Hirtshals, Denmark; and
| | | | - Suzanne Currie
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
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Chock VY, Amir G, Davis CR, Ramamoorthy C, Riemer RK, Ray D, Giffard RG, Reddy VM. Antegrade cerebral perfusion reduces apoptotic neuronal injury in a neonatal piglet model of cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 131:659-65. [PMID: 16515920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2005.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Revised: 09/02/2005] [Accepted: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neonates with congenital heart disease might require surgical repair with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, a technique associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Antegrade cerebral perfusion is thought to minimize ischemic brain injury, although there are no supporting experimental data. We sought to evaluate and compare the extent of neurologic injury in a neonatal piglet model of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and antegrade cerebral perfusion. METHODS Neonatal piglets undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass were randomized to deep hypothermic circulatory arrest or antegrade cerebral perfusion for 45 minutes. Animals were killed after 6 hours of recovery, and brain tissue was stained for evidence of cellular injury and for the apoptotic markers activated caspase 3 and cytochrome c translocation from mitochondria to cytosol. RESULTS Piglets from the antegrade cerebral perfusion group exhibited less apoptotic or necrotic injury (4 +/- 3 vs 29 +/- 12 cells per field, P = .03). The piglets undergoing antegrade cerebral perfusion also had less evidence of apoptosis, with fewer cells staining for activated caspase 3 (57 +/- 8 vs 93 +/- 9 cells per field, P = .001) or showing cytochrome c translocation (6 +/- 2 vs 15 +/- 4 cells per field, P = .02). CONCLUSIONS The use of antegrade cerebral perfusion in place of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest reduces evidence of apoptosis and histologic injury in neonatal piglets. Neonates with congenital heart disease might benefit from antegrade cerebral perfusion during complex cardiac surgery to improve their overall neurologic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Y Chock
- Department of Neonatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif, USA.
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Shahabi S, Hassan ZM, Jazani NH. Any beneficial effects of mycobacteria on multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalitis may include stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Med Hypotheses 2006; 67:164-8. [PMID: 16520005 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2005] [Revised: 01/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The inhibitory effects of mycobacterial infection and mycobacterium components on multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE; an animal model for MS) have been known for years. However, this effect seems like a paradox that both mycobacterial infection and MS induce type I immune responses. Some mechanisms have been proposed or even proven for this effect in different studies, but among them there is no hint of a possible role for the nervous system (NS). Regarding the close relations between sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and MS disease course, it can be hypothesized that SNS may have a role in the effects of mycobacterium on MS. HYPOTHESIS SNS can be stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL1-beta, production of which are induced by mycobacterial infection or mycobacterium components. Although these cytokines can inhibit SNS in the site of inflammation caused by mycobacterium, they increase sympathetic tone in other places. The beneficial role of SNS in inhibiting or attenuating the course of MS and EAE has been suggested. Inhibitory effects of stimulated SNS on MS may occur via different ways such as inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducing the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines, in other words, shifting the immune responses from type 1 toward type 2, as well as, induction of suppressor/regulator T lymphocytes, induction of heat shock proteins in brain and increasing the expression of Fas and Fas-ligand. Therefore, it seems that stimulation of SNS by mycobacterial infection or mycobacterium components is a key step in the mechanism of beneficial effects of mycobacterium on MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Shahabi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Urmia Medical Sciences University, Road of Nazloo, Urmia, Iran.
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Nomura Y, Kinjo M, Tamura M. Relationship Between the Gene Expression of C-FOS and Degree of Hypoxia in Rat Brain, as Revealed by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2003; 530:619-26. [PMID: 14562759 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0075-9_61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic induction of c-fos was studied in rat brains as a function of the cerebral oxygenation state using near-infrared spectroscopy by which the hemoglobin oxygenation state and redox state of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase can be monitored noninvasively. Following reoxygenation after hypoxia, the expression of c-fos and MAP2 mRNAs was determined by reverse transcription-coupled PCR. The expression of MAP2 remained unchanged throughout all conditions from 21 to 8% FiO2. Under the mildly hypoxic conditions, c-fos mRNA was not induced. Hemoglobin was partially deoxygenated but cytochrome oxidase remained fully oxidized. Severe hypoxia, where cytochrome oxidase was reduced, caused a significant induction of c-fos mRNA. At this stage, the oxygen concentration in cerebral tissue fell to lower than 10(-7) M. These data suggest that the decline in oxidative phosphorylation might be a trigger for the induction of c-fos mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Nomura
- Deptpartment of Bio-System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
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Helfert RH, Glatz FR, Wilson TS, Ramkumar V, Hughes LF. Hsp70 in the inferior colliculus of Fischer-344 rats: effects of age and acoustic stress. Hear Res 2002; 170:155-65. [PMID: 12208549 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5955(02)00487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins 72 and 73 (hsp72 and hsp73) were studied in the inferior colliculus (IC) of Fischer-344 rats to determine if their levels are altered during normal aging and following exposure to intense acoustic noise. Three age groups of rats (3, 18, and 25 months) were exposed to ambient sound (control) or broad-band noise at 108 dB sound pressure level (0.0004 dyn/cm2) for 30 min. Western blotting procedures were used to measure hsp72 and hsp73 in ICs and cerebella (positive control). Immunohistochemistry was performed using 3-month olds to study the localization patterns of hsp72 and hsp73 in both structures. The IC and cerebellum exhibited immunolabeling over neuronal somata and proximal dendrites. Ambient levels of hsp72 in supernatants from aged rats were reduced 56.5%+/-7.8% in the IC relative to 3-month olds. This decrease may render the IC more susceptible to stress-related damage. An increase in constitutive hsp73 (350.7%+/-70.4%) was observed in IC pellet fractions from animals exposed to the 108-dB noise when compared to the ambient-noise controls, suggestive of a lipoprotective role for hsp73. This elevation was consistent across age groups. No noise-induced changes in hsp72 were detectable in the IC, indicating that loud sounds may not be an appropriate stimulus for hsp72 induction in this structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Helfert
- Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 19638, Springfield, IL 62794-9638, USA.
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14
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Maloyan A, Horowitz M. beta-Adrenergic signaling and thyroid hormones affect HSP72 expression during heat acclimation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2002; 93:107-15. [PMID: 12070193 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01122.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat acclimation upregulates 72-kDa heat shock protein (HSP72) and predisposes to faster activation of the heat shock response (HSR). This study investigates the role played by beta-adrenergic signaling and/or plasma thyroxine level in eliciting these features by using rats undergoing 1) heat acclimation (AC; 34 degrees C, 2 and 30 days); 2) AC with beta-adrenergic blockade; 3) AC-maintained euthyroid; 4) hypothyroid; 5) hyperthyroid; and 6) controls. The hsp72 mRNA (RT-PCR) and HSP72 levels (Western blot) were measured before and after heat stress (2 h, 41 degrees C, rectal temperature monitored). beta-Adrenergic blockade during AC abolished HSP72 accumulation, without disrupting HSR. Low thyroxine blunted the HSR at posttranscriptional level, whereas thyroxine administration in hyperthyroid and AC-maintained euthyroid rats arrested heat stress-evoked hsp72 transcription. We conclude that beta-adrenergic signaling contributes to the high HSP72 level characterizing the AC state. Thyroxine has two opposing effects: 1) direct repressive on rapid hsp72 transcription after heat stress; and 2) indirect stimulatory via beta-adrenergic signaling. Low thyroxine could account for diminished HSP72 synthesis via lower heat production and thermoregulatory set point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Maloyan
- Division of Physiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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15
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Emerson MR, Nelson SR, Samson FE, Pazdernik TL. A global hypoxia preconditioning model: neuroprotection against seizure-induced specific gravity changes (edema) and brain damage in rats. BRAIN RESEARCH. BRAIN RESEARCH PROTOCOLS 1999; 4:360-6. [PMID: 10592346 DOI: 10.1016/s1385-299x(99)00041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia preconditioning states that a sublethal hypoxia episode will afford neuroprotection against a second challenge in the near future. We describe and discuss a procedure for the development of global hypoxia preconditioning in adult male Wistar rats, using a mildly hypoxic (9% O(2), 91% N(2)) atmospheric exposure of 8 h. The persistence of neuroprotection was analyzed using a kainic acid (KA) model of brain injury. Rats were challenged with KA (14 mg/kg, i.p.) on 1-14 days post-hypoxia. The effects of hypoxia preconditioning on seizure score, weight loss, brain edema and histopathology were assessed. Brain edema, predominantly of vasogenic origin, was measured 24 h after KA administration using a reproducible and quantitative method based on the specific gravities of tissue samples. A density gradient column (1.0250-1.0650 g/cm(3)) comprised of kerosene and bromobenzene was used to assess the presence of edema in regions involved in seizure initiation and propagation that are normally extensively damaged (i.e., piriform cortex and hippocampus). Specific gravities of tissues were calculated through extrapolation with known NaCl standards. We found that hypoxia preconditioning prevented the formation of edema in these brain regions when KA challenge was given 1, 3, and 7, but not 14 days post-hypoxia exposure. Furthermore, neuroprotection was observed in animals that had robust seizures. The described procedure may be used to examine the neuroprotective mechanisms induced by global hypoxia preconditioning against many subsequent challenges reflecting a variety of experimental models of brain injury, and will provide a better understanding of the brain response to hypoxia and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Emerson
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-7417, USA
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Inagaki M, Kaga M, Isumi H, Hirano S, Takashima S, Nanba E. Hypoxia-induced ABR change and heat shock protein expression in the pontine auditory pathway of young rabbits. Brain Res 1997; 757:111-8. [PMID: 9200505 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The auditory brainstem response (ABR) was compared with the immunohistochemical expression of heat shock protein (HSP-72) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) of the brainstem auditory pathway in young rabbits subjected to hypoxic stress. Severe hypoxia for 2 h produced significant prolongation and decreased amplitude of the later component of ABR. HSP-72 expression was distinctly increased in the cochlear nucleus, but there was less induction in the inferior colliculus under severe hypoxia. MAP-2 immunostaining of neuropiles in the inferior collicular nucleus was decreased slightly after severe-long hypoxia, but cytoplasmic staining did not change. The present ABR change, which was produced by brainstem hypoxia-ischemia and acidosis, may be due to the neural cytoarchitectural derangement and less induction of stress proteins in the upper brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Inagaki
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Ichikawa, Japan
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