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P. O’Donovan F, O’Leary EM, O’Sullivan TP. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Thionucleosides. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200608131955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The search for novel nucleosides has been a major research focus in medicinal
chemistry for several decades, particularly given their proven track record in the treatment
of viral infections and cancer. As bioisosteres of natural nucleosides, thionucleosides are
especially attractive targets as they often display improved biological activity. Furthermore,
the replacement of oxygen with sulfur may sometimes be accompanied by interesting
changes in pharmacological effect. This update covers recent advances in the preparation of
novel thionucleosides, grouped by synthetic strategy. The biological properties of the target
thionucleosides are also summarised, in addition to any reported structure activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eileen M. O’Leary
- Department of Physical Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
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2
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Wishka DG, Lopez OD, Rudchenko VF, Huang G, Bahde R, Kumar V, Denysenko SM, Zhang L, Zhang M, Teicher BA, Morris J. The development of β-selective glycosylation reactions with benzyl substituted 2-deoxy-1,4-dithio-D- erythro-pentofuranosides: enabling practical multi-gram syntheses of 4'-Thio-2'-deoxycytidine (T-dCyd) and 5-aza-4'-thio-2'-deoxycytidine (aza-T-dCyd) to support clinical development. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 40:68-95. [PMID: 33063584 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2020.1832694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The lack of effective methods to perform direct β-selective glycosylation reactions with 2-deoxy-1,4-dithio-D-erythro-pentofuranosides has long been a significant stumbling block for the multi-gram synthesis of 4'-thio-2'-deoxy nucleosides. In addition, previously reported methods for the preparation of appropriately substituted 2-deoxy-1,4-dithio-D-erythro-pentofuranosides have proven problematic for large scale synthesis. To address these issues, herein we describe the modification and optimization of previously reported methods to allow for the convenient large scale synthesis of benzyl substituted 2-deoxy-1,4-dithio-D-erythro-pentofuranosides. Furthermore, we describe the development of reaction conditions for β-selective glycosylation reactions of benzyl substituted 2-deoxy-1,4-dithio-D-erythro-pentofuranosides with both N4-benzoylcytosine and 5-aza-cytosine to enable the practical multi-gram syntheses of the clinical candidates 4'-thio-2'-deoxycytidine (T-dCyd) and 5-aza-4'-thio-2'-deoxycytidine (aza-T-dCyd). Taken together, these new synthetic developments have made possible the preclinical and early clinical development of these important anticancer agents at the National Cancer Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donn G Wishka
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, The National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.,Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Omar D Lopez
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, The National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.,Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Bahde
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, The National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, The National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Mianji Zhang
- Alchem Laboratories Corporation, Alachua, FL, USA
| | - Beverly A Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, The National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Joel Morris
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, The National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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3
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Alexandrova L, Semizarov D, Krayevsky A, Walker R. 4′-Thio-5-Ethyl-2′-Deoxyuridine5′-Triphosphate (TEDUTP): Synthesis and Substrate Properties in DNA-Synthesizing Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/095632029600700503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of the 5′-phosphate and 5′-triphosphate of a 4′-thio-2′-deoxynucleoside is described for the first time. The 5′-triphosphate of the antiherpesvirus agent 4′-thio-5-ethyl-2′-deoxyuridine (TEDU) has been shown to be a good substrate for human placental DNA polymerase α, calf thymus terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, and the reverse transcriptases of human immunodeficiency virus and avian myeloblastosis virus. As it is known that TEDU is a substrate only for herpesvirus-encoded thymidine kinases and not the cellular kinases, it is likely that the utilization of TEDUTP by DNA-synthesizing enzymes results in the selective toxicity seen in vitro in herpesvirus-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.A. Alexandrova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov Str., Moscow 117984, Russia
| | - D.G. Semizarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov Str., Moscow 117984, Russia
| | - A.A. Krayevsky
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov Str., Moscow 117984, Russia
| | - R.T. Walker
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT
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Minakawa N, Matsuda A. Practical synthesis of 4'-thioribonucleosides starting from D-ribose. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 59:14.12.1-19. [PMID: 25501591 DOI: 10.1002/0471142700.nc1412s59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A practical synthesis of 4'-thioribonucleosides, i.e., 4'-thiouridine, -cytidine, -adenosine, and -guanosine, which are versatile units for nucleic acids-based therapeutics, is described. Large-scale synthesis of 4-thiosugar starting from D-ribose was achieved (33%) in eight steps and with only three chromatographic purifications. After the appropriate chemical conversion of the 4-thiosugar, the resulting sulfoxide was subjected to the Pummerer reaction in the presence of silylated nucleobases. In reactions with silylated pyrimidine bases, the desired 4'-thioribonucleoside derivatives were obtained in good yield and β-selectively. On the other hand, N-7 isomers were obtained mainly in the Pummerer reaction with purine bases under the same conditions. However, the desired N-9 isomers were obtained in moderate yields when the reaction mixtures were subsequently heated under reflux. As a result, effective synthesis of 4'-thioribonucleosides was accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Minakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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Benetti S, De Risi C, Pollini GP, Zanirato V. Synthetic Routes to Chiral Nonracemic and Racemic Dihydro- And Tetrahydrothiophenes. Chem Rev 2012; 112:2129-63. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200298b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmela De Risi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gian P. Pollini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vinicio Zanirato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Huang Q, Herdewijn P. Synthesis of 3′-S-Phosphonomethyl-Modified Nucleoside Phosphonates with a 3′-Deoxy-3′-thio-α-L-threosyl Sugar Moiety. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Chapdelaine D, Cardinal-David B, Prévost M, Gagnon M, Thumin I, Guindon Y. A Stereoselective Approach to Nucleosides and 4′-Thioanalogues from Acyclic Precursors. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:17242-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja905452f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chapdelaine
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2W 1R7, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7 and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 2K6
| | - Benoit Cardinal-David
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2W 1R7, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7 and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 2K6
| | - Michel Prévost
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2W 1R7, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7 and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 2K6
| | - Marc Gagnon
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2W 1R7, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7 and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 2K6
| | - Isabelle Thumin
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2W 1R7, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7 and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 2K6
| | - Yvan Guindon
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2W 1R7, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7 and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3A 2K6
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Morgenroth A, Deisenhofer S, Glatting G, Kunkel FHG, Dinger C, Zlatopolskiy B, Vogg ATJ, Kull T, Reske SN. Preferential tumor targeting and selective tumor cell cytotoxicity of 5-[131/125I]iodo-4'-thio-2'-deoxyuridine. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 14:7311-9. [PMID: 19010846 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Auger electron emitting radiopharmaceuticals are attractive for targeted nanoirradiation therapy, provided that DNA of malignant cells is selectively addressed. Here, we examine 5-[123/125/131I]iodo-4'-thio-2'-deoxyuridine (ITdU) for targeting DNA in tumor cells in a HL60 xenograft severe combined immunodeficient mouse model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Thymidine kinase and phosphorylase assays were done to determine phosphorylation and glycosidic bond cleavage of ITdU, respectively. The biodistribution and DNA incorporation of ITdU were determined in severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing HL60 xenografts receiving pretreatment with 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd). Organ tissues were dissected 0.5, 4, and 24 h after radioinjection and uptake of [131I]ITdU (%ID/g tissue) was determined. Cellular distribution of [125I]ITdU was imaged by microautoradiography. Apoptosis and expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 were determined by immunohistologic staining using corresponding paraffin tissue sections. RESULTS ITdU is phosphorylated by thymidine kinase 1 and stable toward thymidylate phosphatase-mediated glycosidic bond cleavage. Thymidylate synthase-mediated deiodination of [123/125/131I]ITdU was inhibited with FdUrd. Pretreatment with FdUrd increased preferentially tumor uptake of ITdU resulting in favorable tumor-to-normal tissue ratios and tumor selectivity. ITdU was exclusively localized within the nucleus and incorporated into DNA. In FdUrd-pretreated animals, we found in more than 90% of tumor cells apoptosis induction 24 h postinjection of ITdU, indicating a highly radiotoxic effect in tumor cells but not in cells of major proliferating tissues. CONCLUSION ITdU preferentially targets DNA in proliferating tumor cells and leads to apoptosis provided that the thymidylate synthase is inhibited.
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Moukha-Chafiq O, Secrist JA, Lazrek HB. Synthesis of Certain 2′-Deoxy-3′,5′-di- O -benzyl-4′-thio-nucleosides Using Natural Phosphate Doped with Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid as Catalyst. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500802077671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Moukha-Chafiq
- a Drug Discovery Division , Southern Research Institute , Birmingham , Alabama , USA
| | - J. A. Secrist
- a Drug Discovery Division , Southern Research Institute , Birmingham , Alabama , USA
| | - H. B. Lazrek
- b Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules et Médicinale, Faculty of Science Semlalia , Marrakech , Morocco
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Corsaro A, Pistarà V, Chiacchio MA, Vittorino E, Romeo R. Synthesis of 4′-thionucleosides by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of the simplest thiocarbonyl ylide with alkenes bearing electron-withdrawing groups. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Birtwistle I, Maddocks P, O'Callaghan JM, Warren J. SYNTHESIS OF FOUR ESTER PROTECTED THIOFURANOSE SUGARS. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-100108233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Birtwistle
- a Chemical Development Division , GlaxoSmithKline Ltd. , Temple Hill, Dartford, Kent, DA1 5AH, UK
| | - Peter Maddocks
- b Chemical Development Division , GlaxoSmithKline Ltd. , Temple Hill, Dartford, Kent, DA1 5AH, UK
| | - John M. O'Callaghan
- a Chemical Development Division , GlaxoSmithKline Ltd. , Temple Hill, Dartford, Kent, DA1 5AH, UK
| | - John Warren
- a Chemical Development Division , GlaxoSmithKline Ltd. , Temple Hill, Dartford, Kent, DA1 5AH, UK
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13
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Leydier C, Bellon L, Barascut JL, Deydier J, Maury G, Pelicano H, El Alaoui MA, Imbach JL. A New Synthesis of Some 4′-Thio-D-ribonucleosides and Preliminary Enzymatic Evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/15257779408013205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Bellon L, Barascut JL, Imbach JL. Efficient Synthesis of 4-Thio-D-ribofuranose and Some 4′-Thioribonucleosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319208021189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Basnak I, Sun M, Coe PL, Walker RT. The Synthesis of Some 5-Alkyl (Cycloalkyl)-Substituted 2′ -Deoxy-4′-Thiouridines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319608002375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Basnak
- a School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham , Birmingham , B15 2TT, UK
| | - M. Sun
- a School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham , Birmingham , B15 2TT, UK
| | - P. L. Coe
- a School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham , Birmingham , B15 2TT, UK
| | - R. T. Walker
- a School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham , Birmingham , B15 2TT, UK
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Toyohara J, Hayashi A, Gogami A, Hamada M, Hamashima Y, Katoh T, Node M, Fujibayashi Y. Alkyl-fluorinated thymidine derivatives for imaging cell proliferation. Nucl Med Biol 2006; 33:751-64. [PMID: 16934694 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Revised: 06/16/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of 2'-deoxyuridine that contain fluoroalkyl groups at the C5 position and derivatives of thymidine that contain fluoroalkyl groups at the N3 position were synthesized and examined in three in vitro assays designed to evaluate their potential as radiopharmaceuticals for imaging cellular proliferation. Three of the former nucleosides and five of the latter were synthesized. The three assays were as follows: (a) phosphoryl transfer assay, which showed that all three of the former nucleosides and four of the latter ones were phosphorylated by recombinant human thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) and that N(3)-(2-fluoroethyl)-thymidine (NFT202) was the most potent substrate of the eight nucleosides studied; (b) transport assay, which indicated that all eight nucleosides had good affinity for an 6-[(4-nitrobenzyl)thio]-9-beta-d-ribofuranosylpurine-sensitive mouse erythrocyte nucleoside transporter, with inhibition constants in the range of 0.02-0.55 mM; and (c) degradation assay, which showed that all but one of the former nucleosides and none of the latter were degraded by recombinant Escherichia coli thymidine phosphorylase (an enzyme that catalyzes the glycosidic bond of thymidine and 2'-deoxyuridine derivatives). From these in vitro screening assays, we selected NFT202 as a candidate for subsequent in vivo evaluation because this compound met the three minimum requirements of the in vitro screening assays and had the most potent phosphorylation activity as a substrate for recombinant human TK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Toyohara
- Probe Research Section, Department of Molecular Probe, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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Hasegawa JY, Hamada M, Miyamoto T, Nishide K, Kajimoto T, Uenishi JI, Node M. The application of phenylmethanethiol and benzenethiol derivatives as odorless organosulfur reagents in the synthesis of thiosugars and thioglycosides. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:2360-8. [PMID: 16143318 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2005] [Accepted: 07/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
p-octyloxyphenylmethanethiol and p-dodecylbenzenethiol were prepared as new odorless organosulfur reagents. Thiosugars and thioglycosides were synthesized using these reagents without encountering any malodorous procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ya Hasegawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Chemistry, 21st Century COE program, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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Kośnik W, Stachulski AV, Chmielewski M. New stable anomeric hydroperoxides derived from 2-deoxysugars; enantioselective epoxidation of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wirsching J, Voss J, Giesler A, Kopf J, Adiwidjaja G, Balzarini J, De Clercq E. Thiosugars. X. Novel nucleoside analogues derived from 4-thio-L-lyxofuranose. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2004; 22:1867-97. [PMID: 14609228 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120025236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
1-O-Acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-4-thio-L-lyxofuranose 1 was transformed into O-benzyl- and O-acetyl-protected 1-(4-thio-L-lyxofuranosyl) nucleoside derivatives by use of the TMSOTf method. Debenzylation with boron tribromide or deacetylation with sodium methoxide yielded the corresponding pyrimidine (7-11, 17, 18, 26 and 27) and purine (29 and 34) nucleoside analogues. The anomeric configurations were determined by NMR spectroscopy and, in the case of the 5-halo- (7-9) and nitrouridine derivative 11 and the 6-methylcytidine derivative 27, by X-ray structural analyses.--The unprotected nucleosides were not anti-virically inhibitory at 250 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Wirsching
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Zhang X, Xia H, Dong X, Jin J, Meng WD, Qing FL. 3-Deoxy-3,3-difluoro-d-arabinofuranose: First Stereoselective Synthesis and Application in Preparation of gem-Difluorinated Sugar Nucleosides. J Org Chem 2003; 68:9026-33. [PMID: 14604377 DOI: 10.1021/jo034512i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of gem-difluorinated sugar nucleosides were described. The key intermediate, 3-deoxy-3,3-difluoro-d-arabinofuranose 9, was first stereoselectively prepared from the chiral gem-difluorohomoallyl alcohol 12. The kinetic formation of single anti-14 in the benzylation of 12 could be accomplished by controlling the amount of sodium hydride used. The dihydroxylation of 14 (a mixture of anti and syn isomers) followed by deprotection and oxidation stereoselectively afforded furanose 9 with the arabino configuration at the C2 position. N(1)-(3-Deoxy-3,3-difluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine 6 was prepared from 9 by the glycosylation reaction. 4'-Thiofuranose 25 was easily synthesized from 9. The oxidation of 25 followed by the condensation with silylated N(4)-benzoylcytosine (Pummerer reaction) failed to give our desired protected nucleoside l-3'-deoxy-3',3'-difluoro- 4'-thiocytidine 27', but the regioisomer 27 was obtained. The regiochemistry of the Pummerer reaction was determined by the kinetic acidity of the alpha-proton of 4'-thiofuranose 25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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Fernandez-Bolaños JG, al-Masoudi NA, Maya I. Sugar derivatives having sulfur in the ring. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2002; 57:21-98. [PMID: 11836944 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(01)57015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J G Fernandez-Bolaños
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla Apartado 553, E-41071 Seville, Spain
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22
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Wirsching J, Voss J, Adiwidjaja G, Balzarini J, De Clercq E. Thiosugars. VIII. Preparation of new 4'-thio-L-lyxo pyrimidine nucleoside analogues. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2001; 20:1625-45. [PMID: 11580190 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100105900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-4-thio-L-lyxofuranose with silylated pyrimidine bases and subsequent deprotection with boron tribromide led to 4'-thio-L-lyxo pyrimidine nucleosides. The 5-bromo-6-methyl derivative was prepared from methyl 2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-4-thio-L-lyxofuranoside. Deacetylation was performed with sodium methoxide. The anomers were separated by HPLC and their configurations assigned by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray structural analyses. The biological activity of the nucleosides was tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wirsching
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Hamburg, Germany
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Wirsching J, Voss J, Adiwidjaja G, Balzarini J, De Clercq E. Thiosugars. Part 9: synthesis and biological evaluation of some 4'-thio-L-arabino nucleoside analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1049-51. [PMID: 11327586 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
1-O-Acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-4-thio-L-arabinofuranose (10) was transformed into the corresponding cytidine derivative 9 and the adenosine derivative 12. Both nucleosides, as well as the previously reported uridine and thymidine analogues 2 and 3, were tested for their in vitro antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wirsching
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Hamburg, Germany
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24
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Wirsching J, Voss J, Adiwidjaja G, Giesler A, Kopf J. Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of 2′-Deoxy-4′-thio-L-threo-pentofuranosylpyrimidine and -purine Nucleosides. European J Org Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200103)2001:6<1077::aid-ejoc1077>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Miller J, Pugh AW, Ullah G, Gutteridge C. A novel synthesis of 4′-thionucleosides and a potential stereospecific route to pyrimidine nucleosides. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)01796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Castro C, Chen C, Jung ME. Intramolecular glycosylation to form 4-methoxy-2,6-dioxopyrimidine nucleosides via O6,5'-cyclonucleosides. NUCLEOSIDES & NUCLEOTIDES 1999; 18:2415-23. [PMID: 10639748 DOI: 10.1080/07328319908044616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lewis-acid promoted intramolecular N1 glycosylation to form the novel O6,5'-cyclonucleoside 1a occurs in high yield from the corresponding acyclic thiophenyl-glycoside 12. The relative stability of the O6,5' tether compared with O2,5' and O2,3' tethers is reported. Cleavage of the anhydro bond was effected with aqueous base to yield the 4-methoxybarbituric acid nucleoside analogue 14.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Castro
- Department of Chemistry, University of San Francisco, CA 94117-1080, USA
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27
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Inguaggiato G, Hughes D, De Clercq E, Balzarini J, Simons C. Novel 6-azapyrimidine-2'-deoxy-4'-thionucleosides: synthesis, biological evaluation and conformational analysis. Antivir Chem Chemother 1999; 10:241-9. [PMID: 10574179 DOI: 10.1177/095632029901000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of novel 1-(2'-deoxy-4'-thio-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-(6-azapyrimidine) nucleosides and the subsequent preparation of a series of N3-substituted analogues. All the novel compounds were evaluated against a range of viruses, however they lacked any measurable activity. The lack of anti-herpetic activity may be a result of the parent nucleoside having poor affinity for herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase. Conformational analysis of the parent nucleoside showed a twist (3T2) sugar conformation commonly displayed by 2'-deoxy-4'-thionucleosides and the anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 agents zidovudine and 3'-fluoro-ddT.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Inguaggiato
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, UK
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28
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Wang Y, Inguaggiato G, Jasamai M, Shah M, Hughes D, Slater M, Simons C. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2-deoxy-4-thio-imidazole nucleosides. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:481-7. [PMID: 10220034 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)00255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A study on the use of 3'-directing groups for the synthesis of imidazole 2'-deoxy-4'-thionucleosides led to varying alpha:beta ratios in the glycosylation reaction. The para-nitrobenzoyl group gave the optimum result in the glycosylation step; therefore, this protected thiosugar 10b was used for the synthesis of a series of novel 2'-deoxy-4'-thio-imidazole nucleosides which have been evaluated for antiviral activity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, UK
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29
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Inguaggiato G, Jasamai M, Smith JE, Slater M, Simons C. Novel triazole 2'-deoxy-4'-thionucleosides: stereoselective synthesis and biological evaluation. NUCLEOSIDES & NUCLEOTIDES 1999; 18:457-67. [PMID: 10358943 DOI: 10.1080/15257779908043089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A study on the use of protecting groups led to the employment of the para-methoxybenzoyl (pMB) group as a directing group in the synthesis of novel triazole 2'-deoxy-4'-thionucleosides. Use of the pMB group gave alpha:beta ratios of 1:6 in the glycosylation step with azidotrimethylsilane. A series of novel triazoles were generated for in vitro antiviral evaluation.
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30
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Wirsching J, Voss J. Preparation of 2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-4-thio-L-arabino-furanosides and the Corresponding 4′-Thionucleoside Analogues. European J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199903)1999:3<691::aid-ejoc691>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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De Valette F, Barascut JL, Imbach JL. Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of 2′-Deoxy-4′-thio-L-nucleosides and Their Phosphotriester Derivatives BearingS-Acyl-2-thioethyl Bioreversible Phosphate-Protecting Groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319808004318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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33
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Haraguchi K, Nishikawa A, Sasakura E, Tanaka H, Nakamura KT, Miyasaka T. Electrophilic addition to 4-thio furanoid glycal: a highly stereoselective entry to 2′-deoxy-4′-thio pyrimidine nucleosides. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Birk C, Voss J, Wirsching J. Preparation, structural elucidation and reactions of benzyl 2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-methyl-1,4-dithio-l-threo-pentofuranoside and synthesis of the corresponding 2′-deoxy-4′-thionucleosides. Carbohydr Res 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(97)00233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Shaw-Ponter S, Mills G, Robertson M, Bostwick RD, Hardy GW, Young RJ. Acyl carbamate directing groups in nucleoside synthesis: Applications in the synthesis of 2′-deoxy-5-ethyl-4′-thiouridine. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)00138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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New synthesis of both D- and L-3-O-carbamoyl-2-deoxy-4-thioribosides, substrates for β-selective glycosylations. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)00139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Boggon TJ, Hancox EL, McAuley-Hecht KE, Connolly BA, Hunter WN, Brown T, Walker RT, Leonard GA. The crystal structure analysis of d(CGCGAASSCGCG)2, a synthetic DNA dodecamer duplex containing four 4'-thio-2'-deoxythymidine nucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res 1996; 24:951-61. [PMID: 8600465 PMCID: PMC145717 DOI: 10.1093/nar/24.5.951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure refinement of the synthetic dodecamer d(CGCGAASSCGCG), where S = 4'-thio-2'-deoxythymidine, has converged at R=0.201 for 2605 reflections with F > 2sigma(F) in the resolution range 8.0-2.4 A for a model consisting of the dodecamer duplex and 66 water molecules. A comparison of its structure with that of the native dodecamer d(CGCGAATTCGCG) has revealed that the major differences between the two structures is a change in the conformation of the sugar-phosphate backbone in the regions at and adjacent to the positions of the modified nucleosides. Examination of the fine structural parameters for each of the structures reveals that the thiosugars adopt a C3'-exo conformation in d(CGCGAASSCGCG), rather than the approximate C1'-exo conformation found for the analogous sugars in the structure of d(CGCGAATTCGCG). The observed differences in structure between the two duplexes may help to explain the enhanced resistance to nuclease digestion of synthetic oligonucleotides containing 4'-thio-2'-deoxynucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Boggon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, UK
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38
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Radical-mediated bromination of peracetylated 5-thio-d-xylopyranosyl bromides: an easy access to the corresponding anomeric orthothiolactones. Carbohydr Res 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(95)00378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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Unanticipated retention of configuration in the DAST fluorination of deoxy-4′-thiopyrimidine nucleosides with “up” hydroxyl groups. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)78345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Tiwari KN, Secrist JA, Montgomery JA. Synthesis and Biological Activity of 4′-Thionucleosides of 2-Chloroadenine1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/15257779408009484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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41
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Hancox E, Hamor TA, Walker RT. The chemical synthesis and x-ray structure of the sulfone of 4′-thiothymidine. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(94)88047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Bellon L, Leydier C, Barascut JL, Imbach JL. A Reinvestigation of the Synthesis of 4-Thio-Pentofuranosides for Further Nucleosidic Synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319308018555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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43
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Tiwari KN, Montgomery JA, Secrist JA. The Synthesis and Biological Activity of 1-(2-Deoxy-4-Thio-α;-L-Threo-Pentofuranosyl)Thymine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319308018554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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