1
|
A Convenient Approach towards the Synthesis of ADMDP Type Iminosugars and Nojirimycin Derivatives from Sugar-Derived Lactams. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185459. [PMID: 34576929 PMCID: PMC8464940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of nojirimycin- and pyrrolidine-based iminosugar derivatives has been developed. The strategy is based on the partial reduction in sugar-derived lactams by Schwartz’s reagent and tandem stereoselective nucleophilic addition of cyanide or a silyl enol ether dictated by Woerpel’s or diffusion control models, which affords amino-modified iminosugars, such as ADMDP or higher nojirimycin derivatives.
Collapse
|
2
|
Davies SG, Figuccia AL, Fletcher AM, Roberts PM, Thomson JE. Asymmetric syntheses of 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-d-glucitol [(+)-DGDP] and 1,2,5-trideoxy-1-amino-2,5-imino-d-glucitol [(+)-ADGDP]. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
3
|
Balieu S, Guilleret A, Reynaud R, Martinez A, Haudrechy A. Stereoselective synthesis of (2S,3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-dihydroxymethyl pyrrolidine from L-sorbose. Carbohydr Res 2013; 374:14-22. [PMID: 23603481 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the most frequently synthesized iminosugar derivatives is DMDP. Starting from L-sorbose, a practical method for the synthesis of derivatives of this five-membered iminocyclitol has been developed, involving straightforward steps and a convenient selective reduction of a ketoxime intermediate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Balieu
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR CNRS 7312, Université de Reims, Reims, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jenkinson SF, Best D, Saville AW, Mui J, Martínez RF, Nakagawa S, Kunimatsu T, Alonzi DS, Butters TD, Norez C, Becq F, Blériot Y, Wilson FX, Weymouth-Wilson AC, Kato A, Fleet GWJ. C-branched iminosugars: α-glucosidase inhibition by enantiomers of isoDMDP, isoDGDP, and isoDAB-L-isoDMDP compared to miglitol and miglustat. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7380-97. [PMID: 23688199 DOI: 10.1021/jo4005487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Ho crossed aldol condensation provides access to a series of carbon branched iminosugars as exemplified by the synthesis of enantiomeric pairs of isoDMDP, isoDGDP, and isoDAB, allowing comparison of their biological activities with three linear isomeric natural products DMDP, DGDP, and DAB and their enantiomers. L-IsoDMDP [(2S,3S,4R)-2,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-3,4-diol], prepared in 11 steps in an overall yield of 45% from d-lyxonolactone, is a potent specific competitive inhibitor of gut disaccharidases [K(i) 0.081 μM for rat intestinal maltase] and is more effective in the suppression of hyperglycaemia in a maltose loading test than miglitol, a drug presently used in the treatment of late onset diabetes. The partial rescue of the defective F508del-CFTR function in CF-KM4 cells by L-isoDMDP is compared with miglustat and isoLAB in an approach to the treatment of cystic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Jenkinson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ayers BJ, Ngo N, Jenkinson SF, Martínez RF, Shimada Y, Adachi I, Weymouth-Wilson AC, Kato A, Fleet GWJ. Glycosidase Inhibition by All 10 Stereoisomeric 2,5-Dideoxy-2,5-iminohexitols Prepared from the Enantiomers of Glucuronolactone. J Org Chem 2012; 77:7777-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301243s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Ayers
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Nigel Ngo
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Sarah F. Jenkinson
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3QU, U.K
| | - R. Fernando Martínez
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Yousuke Shimada
- Department of Hospital
Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani,
Toyama 930-0194,
Japan
| | - Isao Adachi
- Department of Hospital
Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani,
Toyama 930-0194,
Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital
Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani,
Toyama 930-0194,
Japan
| | - George W. J. Fleet
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3QU, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gunasekara S, Vrielink A, Stubbs KA. Preliminary studies into the inhibition of the cholesterol α-glucosyltransferase from Helicobacter pylori using azasugars. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:960-4. [PMID: 20307874 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
Galonde N, Dyubankova N, Qin D, Boutique JP, Lescrinier E, Van den Ende W. Effect of ethylene glycol and glycerol fructosides on the activity and product specificity of bacterial and plant fructosyltransferases. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242420903219175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
8
|
|
9
|
Nakahara T, Okamoto N, Suzuki K, Kanie O. Synthetic studies towards a new scaffold, spirobicycloimidazoline. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:1624-35. [PMID: 18468590 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
10
|
Chemical and chemo-enzymatic approaches to glycosidase inhibitors with basic nitrogen in the sugar ring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0119256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
|
11
|
Aldonolactones as chiral synthons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0119255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
12
|
Wrodnigg TM, Gaderbauer W, Greimel P, Häusler H, (Fitz) Sprenger FK, Stütz AE, Virgona C, Withers SG. Biologically Active 1-Aminodeoxy and 1-O-Alkyl Derivatives of The Powerful D-Glucosidase Inhibitor 2,5-Dideoxy-2,5-Imino-D-Mannitol. J Carbohydr Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300008544129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja M. Wrodnigg
- a Glycogroup, Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz , Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- b CSIRO, Molecular Science , Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- c Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Walter Gaderbauer
- a Glycogroup, Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz , Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- b CSIRO, Molecular Science , Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- c Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Peter Greimel
- a Glycogroup, Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz , Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- b CSIRO, Molecular Science , Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- c Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Herwig Häusler
- a Glycogroup, Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz , Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- b CSIRO, Molecular Science , Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- c Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Friedrich K. (Fitz) Sprenger
- a Glycogroup, Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz , Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- b CSIRO, Molecular Science , Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- c Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Arnold E. Stütz
- a Glycogroup, Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz , Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- b CSIRO, Molecular Science , Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- c Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Chris Virgona
- a Glycogroup, Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz , Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- b CSIRO, Molecular Science , Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- c Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Stephen G. Withers
- a Glycogroup, Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz , Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- b CSIRO, Molecular Science , Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- c Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Malle BM, Lundt I, Wrodnigg TM. Regioselective intramolecular ring closure of 2-amino-6-bromo-2,6-dideoxyhexono-1,4-lactones to 5- or 6-membered iminuronic acid analogues: synthesis of 1-deoxymannojirimycin and 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-d-glucitol. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:1779-86. [DOI: 10.1039/b719631h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
14
|
Blanco O, Pato C, Ruiz M, Ojea V. Access to pyrrolidine imino sugars via tin(ii)-mediated aldol reactions of bislactim ethers: synthesis of 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-d-glucitol. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:3967-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b810878a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Kim IS, Kim SJ, Lee JK, Li QR, Jung YH. Synthesis of (2R,5S)-dihydroxymethyl-(3R,4R)-dihydroxypyrrolidine (DGDP) via stereoselective amination using chlorosulfonyl isocyanate. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:1502-9. [PMID: 17509544 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2007] [Revised: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective approach for synthesizing (2R,5S)-dihydroxymethyl-(3R,4R)-dihydroxypyrrolidine 1 (2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-d-glucitol, DGDP) was achieved using a seven-step approach starting from 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-d-mannose (7). Key steps for the preparation of the title compound 1 involved the regioselective and diastereoselective amination of the cinnamyl anti-1,2-polybenzyl ethers 5 and 6 using chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) and ring cyclization to form the pyrrolidine ring. The reaction between anti-1,2-polybenzyl ether 5 and CSI in toluene at 0 degrees C afforded the corresponding anti-1,2-amino alcohol 4 as a major product with a diastereoselectivity of 16:1 in 76% yield. The mechanism underlying these reactions may be explained by the neighboring-group effect leading to the retention of stereochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In Su Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Verhaest M, Lammens W, Le Roy K, De Ranter CJ, Van Laere A, Rabijns A, Van den Ende W. Insights into the fine architecture of the active site of chicory fructan 1-exohydrolase: 1-kestose as substrate vs sucrose as inhibitor. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2007; 174:90-100. [PMID: 17335500 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.01988.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
* Invertases and fructan exohydrolases (FEHs) fulfil important physiological functions in plants. Sucrose is the typical substrate for invertases and bacterial levansucrases but not for plant FEHs, which are usually inhibited by sucrose. * Here we report on complexes between chicory (Cichorium intybus) 1-FEH IIa with the substrate 1-kestose and the inhibitors sucrose, fructose and 2,5 dideoxy-2,5-imino-D-mannitol. Comparisons with other family GH32 and 68 enzyme-substrate complexes revealed that sucrose can bind as a substrate (invertase/levansucrase) or as an inhibitor (1-FEH IIa). * Sucrose acts as inhibitor because the O2 of the glucose moiety forms an H-linkage with the acid-base catalyst E201, inhibiting catalysis. By contrast, the homologous O3 of the internal fructose in the substrate 1-kestose forms an intramolecular H-linkage and does not interfere with the catalytic process. Mutagenesis showed that W82 and S101 are important for binding sucrose as inhibitor. * The physiological implications of the essential differences in the active sites of FEHs and invertases/levansucrases are discussed. Sucrose-inhibited FEHs show a K(i) (inhibition constant) well below physiological sucrose concentrations and could be rapidly activated under carbon deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Verhaest
- Laboratorium voor Biokristallografie, Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, O & N II, bus 822, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Willem Lammens
- Laboratorium voor Biokristallografie, Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, O & N II, bus 822, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Plantenfysiologie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Departement Biologie, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Katrien Le Roy
- Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Plantenfysiologie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Departement Biologie, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Camiel J De Ranter
- Laboratorium voor Biokristallografie, Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, O & N II, bus 822, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - André Van Laere
- Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Plantenfysiologie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Departement Biologie, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Anja Rabijns
- Laboratorium voor Biokristallografie, Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, O & N II, bus 822, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Plantenfysiologie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Departement Biologie, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wrodnigg TM, Stütz AE, Tarling CA, Withers SG. Fine tuning of β-glucosidase inhibitory activity in the 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-d-mannitol (DMDP) system. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:1717-22. [PMID: 16616905 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Revised: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Based on our extensive studies of D-glucosidase inhibiting 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-D-mannitol derivatives, we have been trying to create a series of fluorescent derivatives with a view to an 'inhibitory activity ruler' based on competitive displacement reactions of non-fluorescent inhibitors by fluorescent ones and vice versa, which can be performed and followed in microtiter plates or on-chips. Thus, a set of compounds was assembled with Ki values between 2 nM and 1 microM against Agrobacterium sp. beta-glucosidase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja M Wrodnigg
- Glycogroup, Institut für Organische Chemie der Technischen Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kumar V, Ramesh NG. A glycal approach towards an efficient and stereodivergent synthesis of polyhydroxypyrrolidines. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
19
|
Asano N, Yamauchi T, Kagamifuchi K, Shimizu N, Takahashi S, Takatsuka H, Ikeda K, Kizu H, Chuakul W, Kettawan A, Okamoto T. Iminosugar-producing Thai medicinal plants. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2005; 68:1238-42. [PMID: 16124768 DOI: 10.1021/np050157a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-1-C-hydroxymethylfagomine (7), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-DMDP (12), and 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-D-glucitol (13) were isolated from the Thai traditional crude drug "Non tai yak" (Stemona tuberosa), which also contains a high concentration level of alpha-homonojirimycin (0.1% dry weight). "Thopthaep" (Connarus ferrugineus) and "Cha em thai" (Albizia myriophylla) contained 1-deoxymannojirimycin (DMJ) (10) at levels of 0.083% (dry weight) and 0.17% (dry weight), respectively. 2-O-alpha-D-Galactopyranosyl-DMJ (20), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-DMJ (21), 1,4-dideoxymannojirimycin (17), 1,4-dideoxyallonojirimycin (18), and 1,4-dideoxyaltronojirimycin (19) from C. ferrugineus and 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-DMJ (22) and 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-DMJ (23) from A. myriophylla were isolated as new compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Asano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Ho-3 Kanagawa-machi, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wrodnigg TM, Diness F, Gruber C, Häusler H, Lundt I, Rupitz K, Steiner AJ, Stütz AE, Tarling CA, Withers SG, Wölfler H. Probing the aglycon binding site of a β-glucosidase: a collection of C-1-modified 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-d-mannitol derivatives and their structure–activity relationships as competitive inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:3485-95. [PMID: 15186833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2004] [Accepted: 04/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A range of new C-1 modified derivatives of the powerful glucosidase inhibitor 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-D-mannitol has been synthesised and their biological activities probed with the beta-glucosidase from Agrobacterium sp. Ki values are compared with those of previously prepared close relatives. Findings suggest dramatic effects exerted by the aglycon binding site on substrate/inhibitor binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja M Wrodnigg
- Glycogroup, Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cubero II, López-Espinosa MT, Díaz RR, Montalbán FF. A practical route to partially protected pyrrolidines as precursors for the stereoselective synthesis of alexines. Carbohydr Res 2001; 330:401-8. [PMID: 11270819 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)00319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Either 3-O-benzoyl- (2a) or 3-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose (2b) were regioselectively O-benzylated at C-4 to give 4a and 4b, respectively, which were transformed into 5-azido-3-O-benzoyl-4-O-benzyl- (6a) and 5-azido-3,4-di-O-benzyl-5-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-L-sorbopyranose (6b) by nucleophilic displacement of the corresponding 5-O-mesyl derivatives 5a and 5b by sodium azide in DMF, respectively. Compound 6b was also prepared from 4b in one step by the Mitsunobu methodology. Deacetonation of 6a and 6b gave the partially protected free azidouloses 8a and 8b, respectively, that were protected as their 1-O-TBDPS derivatives 9a and 9b. Hydrogenation of 9b over Raney nickel gave stereoselectively (2R,3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dibenzyloxy-2'-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine (12) which was identified by transformation into the well known (2R,3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine (1, DGDP).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I I Cubero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
The Amadori and Heyns Rearrangements: Landmarks in the History of Carbohydrate Chemistry or Unrecognized Synthetic Opportunities? Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-44422-x_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
23
|
Müller J, Aeschbacher RA, Sprenger N, Boller T, Wiemken A. Disaccharide-mediated regulation of sucrose:fructan-6-fructosyltransferase, a key enzyme of fructan synthesis in barley leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2000; 123:265-74. [PMID: 10806243 PMCID: PMC59000 DOI: 10.1104/pp.123.1.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/1999] [Accepted: 02/07/2000] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has indicated that sugar sensing may be important in the regulation of fructan biosynthesis in grasses. We used primary leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare cv Baraka) to study the mechanisms involved. Excised leaf blades were supplied in the dark with various carbohydrates. Fructan pool sizes and two key enzymes of fructan biosynthesis, sucrose (Suc):Suc-1-fructosyltransferase (1-SST; EC 2. 4.1.99) and Suc:fructan-6-fructosyltransferase (6-SFT; EC 2.4.1.10) were analyzed. Upon supply of Suc, fructan pool sizes increased markedly. Within 24 h, 1-SST activity was stimulated by a factor of three and 6-SFT-activity by a factor of more than 20, compared with control leaves supplemented with mannitol (Mit). At the same time, the level of mRNA encoding 6-SFT increased conspicuously. These effects were increased in the presence of the invertase inhibitor 2, 5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-D-mannitol. Compared with equimolar solutions of Suc, glucose (Glu) and fructose stimulated 6-SFT activity to a lesser extent. Remarkably, trehalose (Tre; Glc-alpha-1 and 1-alpha-Glc) had stimulatory effects on 6-SFT activity and, to a somewhat lesser extent, on 6-SFT mRNA, even in the presence of validoxylamine A, a potent trehalase inhibitor. Tre by itself, however, in the presence or absence of validoxylamine A, did not stimulate fructan accumulation. Monosaccharides phosphorylated by hexokinase but not or weakly metabolized, such as mannose (Man) or 2-deoxy-Glc, had no stimulatory effects on fructan synthesis. When fructose or Man were supplied together with Tre, fructan and starch biosynthesis were strongly stimulated. Concomitantly, phospho-Man isomerase (EC 5.3.1.8) activity was detected. These results indicate that the regulation of fructan synthesis in barley leaves occurs independently of hexokinase and is probably based on the sensing of Suc, and also that the structurally related disaccharide Tre can replace Suc as a regulatory compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Müller
- Botanisches Institut der Universität Basel, Hebelstrasse 1, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Synthesis of regio- and stereospecifically C-deuterated derivatives of glycosidase inhibitors 1-deoxymannonojirimycin and 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-d-mannitol by intramolecular reductive amination employing deuterium gas1Dedicated to Professor Herfried Griengl on the occasion of his 60th birthday.1. Carbohydr Res 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(98)00159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
26
|
Chakraborty T, Jayaprakash S. Synthesis of 1,7-diamino-1,2,6,7-tetradeoxy-2,6-imino-D-glycero-D-ido-heptitol by intramolecular amination of aziridine ring. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)10356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
27
|
Synthesis of 1-amino-1,2,5-trideoxy-2,5-imino-d-mannitol, a novel analogue of the powerful glucosidase inhibitor 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-d-mannitol, via an Amadori rearrangement of 5-azido-5-deoxy-d-glucofuranose. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)01198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
28
|
Andersen SM, Ebner M, Ekhart CW, Gradnig G, Legler G, Lundt I, Stütz AE, Withers SG, Wrodnigg T. Two isosteric fluorinated derivatives of the powerful glucosidase inhibitors, 1-deoxynojirimycin and 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-d-mannitol: Syntheses and glucosidase-inhibitory activities of 1,2,5-trideoxy-2-fluoro-1,5-imino-d-glucitol and of 1,2,5-trideoxy-1-fluoro-2,5-imino-d-mannitol. Carbohydr Res 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(97)00099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
29
|
Dax K, Ebner M, Peinsipp R, Stütz AE. Synthesis of a novel α-glucoside of the powerful glucosidase inhibitor 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-d-mannitol via enzymatic glucosylation of 5-azido-5-deoxy-d-fructopyranose. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(96)02281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
30
|
Heightman TD, Locatelli M, Vasella A. Synthesis of Fused Triazoles as Probes for the Active Site of Retaining ?-Glycosidases: From Which Direction Is the Glycoside Protonated? Helv Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19960790814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
31
|
Legler G, Finken MT. N1-alkyl-D-gluconamidines: are they 'perfect' mimics of the first transition state of glucosidase action? Carbohydr Res 1996; 292:103-15. [PMID: 8870240 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(96)91033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of four beta-glucosidases of plant, fungal, and mammalian origin by N1-butyl- and N1-dodecyl-D-gluconamidine was determined. Comparison with the inhibition by the corresponding N-alkyl-D-glucosylamines revealed that the strongly basic amidines (pKa 10.8) were at the most 10-times more inhibitory than the weakly basic glucosylamines (pKa 6.5). The small enhancement of inhibitory potency, resulting from transforming the tetrahedral C-1 geometry of the glucosylamines to the planar sp2-geometry of the amidines, was ascribed to the inability of the fully protonated amidines to function as hydrogen bond acceptors with the catalytic acid of the enzyme. Additional evidence for the importance of a hydrogen bond for strong inhibition came from the comparison of K1-values of the weakly basic 5-amino-5-deoxyhexopyranoses and 1,5-iminohexitols with those of the corresponding glyconamidrazones (pKa 8.4), which also have a planar C-1 geometry but are largely protonated under the assay conditions and which had similar or up to 10(4)-times larger K1-values than the former. Transition state resemblance was judged from the ratio KS(alkyl beta-glucoside)/K1(alkyl gluconamidine) relative to the rate acceleration factor kcat/kuncat (Wolfenden, Acc, Chem. Res., 5 (1972) 10-16). Compared to ratios of kcat/kuncat from > or = 10(11) to > or = 10(13), the ratios for KS/K1 were only from 10(3) to 2 x 10(4) except for beta-glucosidase A3 from Asp. wentii which had KS/K1 2.8 x 10(6). This enzyme differs from the others by being strongly inhibited by cationic glycon and substrate analogues rather than by basic ones. The pH-dependence of 1/K1 and the 'slow' approach to the inhibition is discussed with respect to transition state resemblance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Legler
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Köln, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Legler G, Stütz AE, Immich H. Synthesis of 1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-d-arabinitol (5-nor-l-fuco-1-deoxynojirimycin) and its application for the affinity purification and characterisation of α-l-fucosidase. Carbohydr Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(95)00032-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
33
|
Chen L, Garrett TP, Fincher GB, Høj PB. A tetrad of ionizable amino acids is important for catalysis in barley beta-glucanases. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:8093-101. [PMID: 7713912 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.14.8093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Determination of the crystal structures of a 1,3-beta-D-glucanase (E.C. 3.2.1.39) and a 1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucanase (E.C. 3.2.1.73) from barley (Hordeum vulgare) (Varghese, J.N, Garrett, T. P. J., Colman, P. M., Chen, L., Høj, P. B., and Fincher, G. B. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 2785-2789) showed the spatial positions of the catalytic residues in the substrate-binding clefts of the enzymes and also identified highly conserved neighboring amino acid residues. Site-directed mutagenesis of the 1,3-beta-glucanase has now been used to investigate the importance of these residues. Substitution of glutamine for the catalytic nucleophile Glu231 (mutant E231Q) reduced the specific activity about 20,000-fold. In contrast, substitution of glutamine for the catalytic acid Glu288 (mutant E288Q) had less severe consequences, reducing kcat approximately 350-fold with little effect on Km. Substitution of two neighboring and strictly conserved active site-located residues Glu279 (mutant E279Q) and Lys282 (mutant K282M) led to 240- and 2500-fold reductions of Kcat, respectively, with small increases in Km. Thus, a tetrad of ionizable amino acids is required for efficient catalysis in barley beta-glucanases. The active site-directed inhibitor 2,3-epoxypropyl beta-laminaribioside was soaked into native crystals. Crystallographic refinement revealed all four residues (Glu231, Glu279, Lys282, and Glu288) to be in contact with the bound inhibitor, and the orientation of bound substrate in the active site of the glucanase was deduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Glucose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.5) as a reagent in carbohydrate synthesis: success and failures with the isomerisation of non-natural derivatives of d-. Catal Today 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0920-5861(94)80123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|