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Srivastava V, Lappalainen K, Rusanen A, Morales G, Lassi U. Current Status and Challenges for Metal-Organic-Framework-Assisted Conversion of Biomass into Value-Added Chemicals. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300309. [PMID: 37779099 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the abundance of availability, low cost, and environmental-friendliness, biomass waste could serve as a prospective renewable source for value-added chemicals. Nevertheless, biomass conversion into chemicals is quite challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of biomass waste. Biomass-derived chemicals are appealing sustainable solutions that can reduce the dependency on existing petroleum-based production. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-based catalysts and their composite materials have attracted considerable amounts of interest in biomass conversion applications recently because of their interesting physical and chemical characteristics. Due to their tunability, the catalytic activity and selectivity of MOF-based catalyst/composite materials can be tailored by functionalizing them with a variety of functional groups to enhance biomass conversion efficiency. This review focuses on the catalytic transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added chemicals by employing MOF-based catalyst/composite materials. The main focus is given to the production of the platform chemicals HMF and Furfural from the corresponding (hemi)cellulosic biomass, due to their versatility as intermediates for the production of various biobased chemicals and fuels. The effects of different experimental parameters on the conversion of biomass by MOF-based catalysts are also included. Finally, current challenges and perspectives of biomass conversion into chemicals by MOF-based catalysts are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Srivastava
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katja Lappalainen
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Annu Rusanen
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Gabriel Morales
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Tulipán s-n, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ulla Lassi
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014, Oulu, Finland
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Moe ST, Marcotullio G, Opedal MT, Brusletto R. Formation of 5-methylfurfural and 2-acetylfuran from lignocellulosic biomass and by Cr3+-catalyzed dehydration of 6-deoxyhexoses. Carbohydr Res 2022; 522:108672. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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3
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Fang X, Andersson MP, Wang Z, Song W, Li S. Density functional theory study on the initial reactions of d-Xylose and d-Xylulose dehydration to furfural. Carbohydr Res 2021; 511:108463. [PMID: 34741878 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the initial reactions in the acid-catalytic conversion of d-xylose/d-xylulose to furfural was studied with density functional theory. The reactions included mutual transformations among d-xylose, d-xylulose and the intermediate of 1,2-enediol. The catalytic performances of several acids including H2SO4, HNO3, HCl, HBr and HI, and the solvent effects of water and THF (tetrahydrofuran) were studied. A simplified kinetic model of the d-xylose/d-xylulose-to-furfural conversion in water solvent was built, with the assumption that the conversion from 1,2-enediol to furfural was the rate-limiting step and could be treated as one-step reaction. The simulation can well fit the experimental regulation, which verifies the rationality of the model simplification. The dominant reaction pathways from d-xylose/d-xylulose to furfural were deduced based on the calculated energy barriers and corresponding reaction rate constants, with different acid catalysis and reaction mediums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Fang
- Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute Co, LTD, China; State Key Laboratory of Multi-Phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Martin P Andersson
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Kgs, Denmark.
| | - Ze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-Phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Wenli Song
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-Phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Songgeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-Phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, 100190, China
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Phenol-Furfural Resin/Montmorillonite Based High-Pressure Green Composite from Renewable Feedstock ( Saccharum munja) with Improved Thermo-Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071562. [PMID: 32674509 PMCID: PMC7407951 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This research endeavour aimed to explore the potential of a native, nonedible and low market value plant feedstock, i.e., Saccharum munja for green synthesis of woodware materials and improve its features by incorporating an economical blending material. A significant amount of furfural, i.e., 58%, was extracted from Saccharum munja through the modified acid digestion method. Extracted furfural was reacted with phenol to prepare phenol-furfural resin, an alternative to phenol-formaldehyde resin but with no harmful effects for humans. The synthesized resin was also blended with montmorillonite clay after modification via Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment for improved thermo-mechanical properties. These resins and composites were characterized by XRD, SEM, and FTIR spectroscopy. Resultant resins and composites were further employed as a binding agent to make high-pressure composite from leftover plant residue by hot-press method. The resultant product was subjected to TGA analysis and furnished high value of degradation temperature (Tdeg), i.e., 607 °C. Prepared high-pressure composite samples were mechanically tested through compression tests by Tinius Olsen Testing Machine and hardness tests by Rockwell Hardness Tester. Its tensile strength value was 58.3 MPa while hardness value was found to be 64 RHB which was greater than mild copper with hardness value 48.9 RHB. Thus, green high-pressure composite material was successfully developed by employing Saccharum munja and montmorillonite clay while no toxic resin was used, nor was any residue left over.
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Istasse T, Richel A. Mechanistic aspects of saccharide dehydration to furan derivatives for reaction media design. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23720-23742. [PMID: 35517323 PMCID: PMC9055118 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03892j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of abundant hexoses (e.g. glucose, mannose and galactose) and pentoses (e.g. xylose and arabinose) to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and 2-furfural (2-F) is subject to intensive research in the hope of achieving competitive production of diverse materials from renewable resources. However, the abundance of literature on this topic as well as the limited number of studies systematically comparing numerous monosaccharides hinder progress tracking. Herein, we compare and rationalize reactivities of different ketoses and aldoses. Dehydration mechanisms of both monosaccharide types are reviewed regarding the existing experimental evidence. Ketose transformation to furan derivatives likely proceeds through cyclic intermediates and is hindered by side-reactions such as isomerization, retro-aldol reactions and polymerization. Different strategies can improve furan derivative synthesis from ketoses: limiting the presence of water, improving the dehydration rate, protecting 5-HMF and 2-F reactive moieties with derivatization or solvent interactions and extracting 5-HMF and 2-F from the reaction medium. In contrast to ketoses, aldose conversion to furan derivatives is not favored compared to polymerization reactions because it involves their isomerization or a ring contraction. Enhancing aldose isomerization is possible with metal catalysts (e.g. CrCl3) promoting a hydride shift mechanism or with boric/boronic acids promoting an enediol mechanism. This catalysis is however far more challenging than ketose dehydration because catalyst activity depends on numerous factors: Brønsted acidity of the medium, catalyst ligands, catalyst affinity for monosaccharides and their accessibility to several chemical species simultaneously. Those aspects are methodically addressed to support the design of new monosaccharide dehydration systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Istasse
- Laboratory of Biomass and Green Technologies, University of Liege - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux Belgium
| | - Aurore Richel
- Laboratory of Biomass and Green Technologies, University of Liege - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux Belgium
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Krzelj V, Ferreira Liberal J, Papaioannou M, van der Schaaf J, Neira d’Angelo MF. Kinetic Model of Xylose Dehydration for a Wide Range of Sulfuric Acid Concentrations. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladan Krzelj
- Chemical Reactor Engineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB 5600, Netherlands
| | - Julia Ferreira Liberal
- Chemical Reactor Engineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB 5600, Netherlands
| | - Myrto Papaioannou
- Chemical Reactor Engineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB 5600, Netherlands
| | - John van der Schaaf
- Chemical Reactor Engineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB 5600, Netherlands
| | - Maria Fernanda Neira d’Angelo
- Chemical Reactor Engineering Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB 5600, Netherlands
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Nie Y, Hou Q, Li W, Bai C, Bai X, Ju M. Efficient Synthesis of Furfural from Biomass Using SnCl₄ as Catalyst in Ionic Liquid. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030594. [PMID: 30736429 PMCID: PMC6384620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Furfural is a versatile platform molecule for the synthesis of various chemicals and fuels, and it can be produced by acid-catalyzed dehydration of xylose derived from renewable biomass resources. A series of metal salts and ionic liquids were investigated to obtain the best combination of catalyst and solvent for the conversion of xylose into furfural. A furfural yield of 71.1% was obtained at high xylose loading (20 wt%) from the single-phasic reaction system whereby SnCl₄ was used as catalyst and ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (EMIMBr) was used as reaction medium. Moreover, the combined catalyst consisting of 5 mol% SnCl₄ and 5 mol% MgCl₂ also produced a high furfural yield (68.8%), which was comparable to the furfural yield obtained with 10 mol% SnCl₄. The water⁻organic solvent biphasic systems could improve the furfural yield compared with the single aqueous phase. Although these organic solvents could form biphasic systems with ionic liquid EMIMBr, the furfural yield decreased remarkably compared with the single EMIMBr phase. Besides, the EMIMBr/SnCl₄ system with appropriate water was also efficient to convert xylan and lignocellulosic biomass corn stalk into furfural, obtaining furfural yields as high as 57.3% and 54.5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Nie
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Qidong Hou
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Weizun Li
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Chuanyunlong Bai
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xinyu Bai
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Meiting Ju
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Moreno-Marrodan C, Barbaro P, Caporali S, Bossola F. Low-Temperature Continuous-Flow Dehydration of Xylose Over Water-Tolerant Niobia-Titania Heterogeneous Catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:3649-3660. [PMID: 30106509 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable conversion of vegetable biomass-derived feeds to useful chemicals requires innovative routes meeting environmental and economical criteria. The approach herein pursued is the synthesis of water-tolerant, unconventional solid acid monolithic catalysts based on a mixed niobia-titania skeleton building up a hierarchical open-cell network of meso- and macropores, and tailored for use under continuous-flow conditions. The materials were characterized by spectroscopic, microscopy, and diffraction techniques, showing a reproducible isotropic structure and an increasing Lewis/Brønsted acid sites ratio with increasing Nb content. The catalytic dehydration reaction of xylose to furfural was investigated as a representative application. The efficiency of the catalyst was found to be dramatically affected by the niobia content in the titania lattice. The presence of as low as 2 wt % niobium resulted in the highest furfural yield at 140 °C under continuous-flow conditions, by using H2 O/γ-valerolactone as a safe monophasic solvent system. The interception of a transient 2,5-anhydroxylose species suggested the dehydration process occurs via a cyclic intermediates mechanism. The catalytic activity and the formation of the anhydro intermediate were related to the Lewis acid sites (LAS)/Brønsted acid sites (BAS) ratio and indicated a significant contribution of xylose-xylulose isomerization. No significant catalyst deactivation was observed over 4 days usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Moreno-Marrodan
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Barbaro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefano Caporali
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, Via Giusti 9, 50121, Firenze, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Filippo Bossola
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
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Filiciotto L, Balu AM, Van der Waal JC, Luque R. Catalytic insights into the production of biomass-derived side products methyl levulinate, furfural and humins. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Antonini L, Garzoli S, Ricci A, Troiani A, Salvitti C, Giacomello P, Ragno R, Patsilinakos A, Di Rienzo B, Pepi F. Ab-initio and experimental study of pentose sugar dehydration mechanism in the gas phase. Carbohydr Res 2018; 458-459:19-28. [PMID: 29428483 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Yao K, Wu Q, An R, Meng W, Ding M, Li B, Yuan Y. Hydrothermal pretreatment for deconstruction of plant cell wall: Part I. Effect on lignin-carbohydrate complex. AIChE J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin China
| | - Qinfeng Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin China
| | - Ran An
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin China
| | - Wei Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin China
| | - Mingzhu Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin China
| | - Bingzhi Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin China
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin China
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Mika LT, Cséfalvay E, Németh Á. Catalytic Conversion of Carbohydrates to Initial Platform Chemicals: Chemistry and Sustainability. Chem Rev 2017; 118:505-613. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 662] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- László T. Mika
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Edit Cséfalvay
- Department
of Energy Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Áron Németh
- Department
of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest 1111, Hungary
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13
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Ershova O, Nieminen K, Sixta H. The Role of Various Chlorides on Xylose Conversion to Furfural: Experiments and Kinetic Modeling. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ershova
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems; Aalto University; Vuorimiehentie 1 02150 Espoo Finland
| | - Kaarlo Nieminen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems; Aalto University; Vuorimiehentie 1 02150 Espoo Finland
| | - Herbert Sixta
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems; Aalto University; Vuorimiehentie 1 02150 Espoo Finland
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Tan L, Wang M, Li X, Li H, Zhao J, Qu Y, Choo YM, Loh SK. Fractionation of oil palm empty fruit bunch by bisulfite pretreatment for the production of bioethanol and high value products. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 200:572-578. [PMID: 26539970 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, fractionation of empty fruit bunch (EFB) by bisulfite pretreatment was studied for the production of bioethanol and high value products to achieve biorefinery of EFB. EFB was fractionated to solid and liquor components by bisulfite process. The solid components were used for bioethanol production by quasi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. The liquor components were then converted to furfural by hydrolysis with sulfuric acid. Preliminary results showed that the concentration of furfural was highest at 18.8g/L with 0.75% sulfuric acid and reaction time of 25min. The conversion of xylose to furfural was 82.5%. Furthermore, we attempted to fractionate the liquor into hemicellulose sugars and lignin by different methods for producing potential chemicals, such as xylose, xylooligosaccharide, and lignosulfonate. Our research showed that the combination of bisulfite pretreatment and resin separation could effectively fractionate EFB components to produce bioethanol and other high value chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan City 250100, China
| | - Meimei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan City 250100, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan City 250100, China
| | - Hongxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan City 250100, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan City 250100, China.
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan City 250100, China
| | - Yuen May Choo
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, P.O. Box 10620, 50720 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soh Kheang Loh
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, P.O. Box 10620, 50720 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Carvalho AV, da Costa Lopes AM, Bogel-Łukasik R. Relevance of the acidic 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate ionic liquid in the selective catalysis of the biomass hemicellulose fraction. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07159c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The process represents a sustainable and selective approach of biomass hemicellulose fraction transformation into pivot chemicals, such as xylose and furfural, solely mediated by the acidic [bmim][HSO4] ionic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V. Carvalho
- Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia
- Unidade de Bioenergia
- 1649-038 Lisboa
- Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE
| | - André M. da Costa Lopes
- Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia
- Unidade de Bioenergia
- 1649-038 Lisboa
- Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE
| | - Rafał Bogel-Łukasik
- Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia
- Unidade de Bioenergia
- 1649-038 Lisboa
- Portugal
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16
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Ershova O, Kanervo J, Hellsten S, Sixta H. The role of xylulose as an intermediate in xylose conversion to furfural: insights via experiments and kinetic modelling. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10855a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An experimental work has been performed to study the relevance of xylulose as an intermediate during non-catalyzed and acid-catalyzed xylose conversions to furfural in aqueous solution at the temperature range from 180 to 220 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Ershova
- Department of Forest Products Technology
- Aalto University
- Finland
| | - J. Kanervo
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology
- Aalto University
- Finland
| | - S. Hellsten
- Department of Forest Products Technology
- Aalto University
- Finland
| | - H. Sixta
- Department of Forest Products Technology
- Aalto University
- Finland
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17
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Rakete S, Klaus A, Glomb MA. Investigations on the Maillard reaction of dextrins during aging of Pilsner type beer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9876-9884. [PMID: 25220643 DOI: 10.1021/jf503038c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although Maillard reaction plays a pivotal role during preparation of food, only few investigations concerning the role of carbohydrate degradation in beer aging have been carried out. The formation of Maillard specific precursor structures and their follow-up products during degradation of low molecular carbohydrate dextrins in the presence of proline and lysine was studied in model incubations and in beer. Twenty-one α-dicarbonyl compounds were identified and quantitated as reactive intermediates. The oxidative formation of 3-deoxypentosone as the precursor of furfural from oligosaccharides was verified. N-Carboxymethylproline and N-formylproline were established as novel proline derived Maillard advanced glycation end products. Formation of N-carboxymethylproline and furfural responded considerably to the presence of oxygen and was positively correlated to aging of Pilsner type beer. The present study delivers an in-depth view on the mechanisms behind the formation of beer relevant aging parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rakete
- Food Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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18
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Zhang Z, Du B, Quan ZJ, Da YX, Wang XC. Dehydration of biomass to furfural catalyzed by reusable polymer bound sulfonic acid (PEG-OSO3H) in ionic liquid. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cy00888f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Formation of degradation compounds from lignocellulosic biomass in the biorefinery: sugar reaction mechanisms. Carbohydr Res 2013; 385:45-57. [PMID: 24412507 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The degradation compounds formed during pretreatment when lignocellulosic biomass is processed to ethanol or other biorefinery products include furans, phenolics, organic acids, as well as mono- and oligomeric pentoses and hexoses. Depending on the reaction conditions glucose can be converted to 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (HMF) and/or levulinic acid, formic acid and different phenolics at elevated temperatures. Correspondingly, xylose can follow different reaction mechanisms resulting in the formation of furan-2-carbaldehyde (furfural) and/or various C-1 and C-4 compounds. At least four routes for the formation of HMF from glucose and three routes for furfural formation from xylose are possible. In addition, new findings show that biomass monosaccharides themselves can react further to form pseudo-lignin and humins as well as a wide array of other compounds when exposed to high temperatures. Hence, several aldehydes and ketones and many different organic acids and aromatic compounds may be generated during hydrothermal treatment of lignocellulosic biomass. The reaction mechanisms are of interest because the very same compounds that are possible inhibitors for biomass processing enzymes and microorganisms may be valuable biobased chemicals. Hence a new potential for industrial scale synthesis of chemicals has emerged. A better understanding of the reaction mechanisms and the impact of the reaction conditions on the product formation is thus a prerequisite for designing better biomass processing strategies and forms an important basis for the development of new biorefinery products from lignocellulosic biomass as well.
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Ricci A, Piccolella S, Pepi F, Garzoli S, Giacomello P. The mechanism of 2-furaldehyde formation from D-xylose dehydration in the gas phase. A tandem mass spectrometric study. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:1082-1089. [PMID: 23690250 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of reactions occurring in solution can be investigated also in the gas phase by suited mass spectrometric techniques, which allow to highlight fundamental mechanistic features independent of the influence of the medium and to clarifying controversial hypotheses proposed in solution studies. In this work, we report a gas-phase study performed by electrospray triple stage quadrupole mass spectrometry (ESI-TSQ/MS) on the dehydration of D-xylose, leading mainly to the formation of 2-furaldehyde (2-FA). It is generally known in carbohydrate chemistry that the thermal acid catalyzed dehydration of pentoses leads to the formation of 2-FA, but several aspects on the solution-phase mechanism are controversial. Here, gaseous reactant ions corresponding to protonated xylose molecules obtained from ESI of a solution containing D-xylose and ammonium acetate as protonating reagent were allowed to undergo collisionally activated decomposition (CAD) into the triple stage quadrupole analyzer. The product ion mass spectra of protonated xylose are characterized by the presence of ionic intermediates arising from xylose dehydration, which were structurally characterized by their fragmentation patterns. As expected, the xylose triple dehydration leads to the formation of the ion at m/z 97, corresponding to protonated 2-FA. On the basis of mass spectrometric evidences, we demonstrated that in the gas phase, the formation of 2-FA involves protonation at the OH group bound to the C1 atom of the sugar, the first ionic intermediate being characterized by a cyclic structure. Finally, energy resolved product ion mass spectra allowed to obtain information on the energetic features of the D-xylose→2-FA conversion. ᅟ
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreina Ricci
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi, 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
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Antunes MM, Lima S, Fernandes A, Candeias J, Pillinger M, Rocha SM, Ribeiro MF, Valente AA. Catalytic dehydration of d-xylose to 2-furfuraldehyde in the presence of Zr-(W,Al) mixed oxides. Tracing by-products using two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Catal Today 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2012.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Yang Y, Hu CW, Abu-Omar MM. Synthesis of furfural from xylose, xylan, and biomass using AlCl3·6H2O in biphasic media via xylose isomerization to xylulose. CHEMSUSCHEM 2012; 5:405-410. [PMID: 22315196 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Furfural was prepared in high yields (75 %) from the reaction of xylose in a water-tetrahydrofuran biphasic medium containing AlCl(3)·6H2O and NaCl under microwave heating at 140 °C. The reaction profile revealed the formation of xylulose as an intermediate en route to the dehydration product (furfural). The reaction under these conditions reached completion in 45 min. The aqueous phase containing AlCl(3)·6H(2)O and NaCl could be recycled multiple times (>5) without any loss of activity or selectivity for furfural. Extension of this biphasic reaction system to include xylan as the starting material afforded furfural in 64 % yield. The use of corn stover, pinewood, switchgrass, and poplar gave furfural in 55, 38, 56, and 64 % yield, respectively, at 160 °C. Even though AlCl(3)·6H(2)O did not affect the conversion of crystalline cellulose, moderate yields of the by-product 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were noted. The highest HMF yield of 42 % was obtained from pinewood. The coproduction of HMF and furfural from biomass was attributed to the weakening of the cellulose network in the biomass, as a result of hemicellulose hydrolysis. The multifunctional capacity of AlCl(3)·6H(2)O (hemicellulose hydrolysis, xylose isomerization, and xylulose dehydration) in combination with its ease of recyclability make it an attractive candidate/catalyst for the selective synthesis of furfural from various biomass feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
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Lange JP, van der Heide E, van Buijtenen J, Price R. Furfural--a promising platform for lignocellulosic biofuels. CHEMSUSCHEM 2012; 5:150-66. [PMID: 22213717 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Furfural offers a promising, rich platform for lignocellulosic biofuels. These include methylfuran and methyltetrahydrofuran, valerate esters, ethylfurfuryl and ethyltetrahydrofurfuryl ethers as well as various C(10)-C(15) coupling products. The various production routes are critically reviewed, and the needs for improvements are identified. Their relative industrial potential is analysed by defining an investment index and CO(2) emissions as well as determining the fuel properties for the resulting products. Finally, the most promising candidate, 2-methylfuran, was subjected to a road trial of 90,000 km in a gasoline blend. Importantly, the potential of the furfural platform relies heavily on the cost-competitive production of furfural from lignocellulosic feedstock. Conventional standalone and emerging coproduct processes-for example, as a coproduct of cellulosic ethanol, levulinic acid or hydroxymethyl furfural-are expensive and energetically demanding. Challenges and areas that need improvement are highlighted. In addition to providing a critical review of the literature, this paper also presents new results and analysis in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Lange
- Shell Global Solutions International BV Shell Technology Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hu L, Zhao G, Hao W, Tang X, Sun Y, Lin L, Liu S. Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived carbohydrates into fuels and chemicals via furanic aldehydes. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21811a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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25
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Furfural formation from d-xylose: the use of different halides in dilute aqueous acidic solutions allows for exceptionally high yields. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1291-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Herzfeld J, Rand D, Matsuki Y, Daviso E, Mak-Jurkauskas M, Mamajanov I. Molecular structure of humin and melanoidin via solid state NMR. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:5741-5. [PMID: 21456563 PMCID: PMC3093440 DOI: 10.1021/jp1119662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sugar-derived humins and melanoidins figure significantly in food chemistry, agricultural chemistry, biochemistry, and prebiotic chemistry. Despite wide interest and significant experimental attention, the amorphous and insoluble nature of the polymers has made them resistant to conventional structural characterization. Here we make use of solid-state NMR methods, including selective (13)C substitution, (1)H-dephasing, and double quantum filtration. The spectra, and their interpretation, are simplified by relying exclusively on hydronium for catalysis. The results for polymers derived from ribose, deoxyribose, and fructose indicate diverse pathways to furans, suggest a simple route to pyrroles in the presence of amines, and reveal a heterogeneous network-type polymer in which sugar molecules cross-link the heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Herzfeld
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, USA.
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Binder JB, Blank JJ, Cefali AV, Raines RT. Synthesis of furfural from xylose and xylan. CHEMSUSCHEM 2010; 3:1268-72. [PMID: 20836121 PMCID: PMC4445733 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Binder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706 (USA), Fax: (+1)608-890-2583
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Jacqueline J. Blank
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
| | - Anthony V. Cefali
- College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1450 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706 (USA), Fax: (+1)608-890-2583
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
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The role of hydrogen-bonding interactions in acidic sugar reaction pathways. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1945-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2010] [Revised: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Yang WB, Patil SS, Tsai CH, Lin CH, Fang JM. The synthesis of l-gulose and l-xylose from d-gluconolactone. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)01146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Hollingsworth RI, Wang G. Toward a carbohydrate-based chemistry: progress in the development of general-purpose chiral synthons from carbohydrates. Chem Rev 2000; 100:4267-82. [PMID: 11749348 DOI: 10.1021/cr990374e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R I Hollingsworth
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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