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Du M, Cheng Y, Chen Y, Wang S, Zhao H, Wen C, Zhou Y. Dietary supplementation with synbiotics improves growth performance, antioxidant status, immune function, and intestinal barrier function in broilers subjected to cyclic heat stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:18026-18038. [PMID: 36207632 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of synbiotics supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant status, immune function, and intestinal barrier function in broilers subjected to cyclic heat stress. One hundred and forty-four 22-day-old male broilers were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups of six replicates each for a 21-day study, with eight birds per replicate. Broilers in the control group were reared at a thermoneutral temperature and received a basal diet. Broilers in the other two heat-stressed groups were fed a basal diet supplemented without (heat-stressed group) and with 1.5 g/kg synbiotic (synbiotic group). One and a half gram of the synbiotic consisted with 3 × 109 colony forming units (CFU) Clostridium butyricum, 1.5 × 109 CFU Bacillus licheniformis, 4.5 × 1010 CFU Bacillus subtilis, 600 mg yeast cell wall, and 150 mg xylooligosaccharide. Compared with the control group, heat stress increased rectal temperatures at 28, 35, and 42 days of age, respectively (P < 0.05). Birds subjected to heat stress had reduced weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency during 22 to 42 days (P < 0.05). In contrast, supplementation with the synbiotic decreased rectal temperature at 42 days of age and elevated weight gain of heat stress-challenged broilers (P < 0.05). Heat-stressed broilers exhibited a lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in jejunal mucosa and a higher malondialdehyde accumulation in serum, liver and jejunal mucosa (P < 0.05), and the regressive SOD activity was normalized to control level when supplementing synbiotic (P < 0.05). Heat stress increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels in serum and IL-1β content in jejunal mucosa of broilers (P < 0.05). Synbiotic reduced IL-1β level in serum of broilers subjected to heat stress (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, elevated serum diamine oxidase activity and reduced jejunal villus height were observed in broilers of the heat-stressed group (P < 0.05), and the values of these two parameters in the synbiotic group were intermediate (P > 0.05). Heat stress upregulated mRNA abundance of IL-1β and IFN-γ and downregulated gene expression levels of occluding and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa of broilers (P < 0.05). The alterations in the mRNA expression levels of jejunal IL-1β and ZO-1 were reversed by the synbiotic (P > 0.05). In conclusion, dietary synbiotics could improve growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and intestinal barrier function in heat-stressed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yefei Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Serum diamine oxidase activity derived from response to chemotherapy affects adverse events and serum amino acid levels. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:9369-9377. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kettner L, Seitl I, Fischer L. Toward Oral Supplementation of Diamine Oxidase for the Treatment of Histamine Intolerance. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132621. [PMID: 35807806 PMCID: PMC9268349 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A new diamine oxidase (DAO-1) was discovered recently in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica PO1f and investigated for its histamine degradation capability under simulated intestinal conditions. DAO-1 was formulated together with catalase as a sucrose-based tablet. The latter (9 × 7 mm; 400 mg) contained 690 nkat of DAO-1 activity, which was obtained from a bioreactor cultivation of a genetically modified Y. lipolytica with optimized downstream processing. The DAO-1 tablet was tested in a histamine bioconversion experiment under simulated intestinal conditions in the presence of food constituents, whereby about 30% of the histamine was degraded in 90 min. This amount might already be sufficient to help people with histamine intolerance. Furthermore, it was found that the stability of DAO-1 in a simulated intestinal fluid is influenced distinctively by the presence of a food matrix, indicating that the amount and type of food consumed affect the oral supplementation with DAO. This study showed for the first time that a microbial DAO could have the potential for the treatment of histamine intolerance by oral supplementation.
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Kettner L, Braun C, Seitl I, Pross E, Fischer L. Production and characterization of a new diamine oxidase from Yarrowia lipolytica. J Biotechnol 2021; 340:39-46. [PMID: 34474093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A putative diamine oxidase (DAO) from Yarrowia lipolytica PO1f (DAO-1) was homologously recombinantly integrated into the genome of Y. lipolytica PO1f using the CRISPR-Cas9 system for the subsequent DAO production in a bioreactor. Thereby, it was proven that the DAO-1 produced was indeed a functional DAO. The cultivation yielded 2343 ± 98 nkat/Lculture with a specific DAO activity of 1301 ± 54.2 nkat/gprotein, which was a 93-fold increase of specific DAO activity compared to the native Y. lipolytica PO1f DAO-1 production. The DAO-1 showed a broad substrate selectivity with tyramine, histamine, putrescine and cadaverine being the most favored substrates. It was most active at 40 °C, pH 7.2 in Tris-HCl buffer (50 mM) (with histamine as substrate), which is comparable to human and porcine DAOs. The affinity of DAO-1 towards histamine was lower compared to mammalian DAOs (Km = 2.3 ± 0.2 mM). Nevertheless, DAO-1 degraded around 75% of the histamine used in a bioconversion experiment with a food-relevant concentration of 150 mg/L. With its broad selectivity for the most relevant biogenic amines in foods, DAO-1 from Y. lipolytica PO1f is an interesting enzyme for application in the food industry for the degradation of biogenic amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Kettner
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Garbenstr. 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carina Braun
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Garbenstr. 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ines Seitl
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Garbenstr. 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eva Pross
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Garbenstr. 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lutz Fischer
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Garbenstr. 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Beltrán-Ortiz C, Peralta T, Ramos V, Durán M, Behrens C, Maureira D, Guzmán MA, Bastias C, Ferrer P. Standardization of a colorimetric technique for determination of enzymatic activity of diamine oxidase (DAO) and its application in patients with clinical diagnosis of histamine intolerance. World Allergy Organ J 2020; 13:100457. [PMID: 32922624 PMCID: PMC7475190 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diamine Oxidase (DAO) has an essential role for degradation of exogenous histamine in the intestine; thus, histamine intolerance (HI) mainly has been correlated to a low concentration and/or activity of this enzyme. The objective of the study was to standardize a colorimetric technique to measure the enzymatic activity (function) of hDAO to then apply it to a series of 22 patients with a clinical diagnosis of HI. Methods For the standardization variables such as volume and type of sample, incubation time, wavelength of maximum absorption, types of substrates, and concentration of oxidized ascorbate were evaluated. Then the activity and concentration of DAO was determined in 22 patients diagnosed with HI and 22 healthy subjects. Results The mean of serum DAO concentration in the 22 patients was of 9.268 ± 1.124 U/mL. The mean of serum DAO concentration in the 22 controls was of 20.710 ± 2.509 U/mL, being significantly higher (P value 0.0002) the mean of the samples. The mean of serum DAO activity of the patients was of 1.143 ± 0.085 U/L and the controls was 1.533 ± 0.119 U/L, significantly greater than the patients (P value 0.011). In addition, the sensitivity of both techniques was 0.63. In the measuring of DAO concentration the specificity was 0.9, constituting a good diagnostic test, especially to rule out the true negatives. The determination of DAO activity had a specificity of 0.68. Conclusions Although we used a small number of patients and controls and the absorbance values were lower than expected, statistically significant differences were found in the levels of concentration and DAO activity between the patients with histamine intolerance and the controls. Therefore, the measuring of DAO concentration and DAO activity is a good diagnostic strategy for study suspect cases of HI. The simultaneous use of both assays allows to reduce positive and negative false results, for example, patients with normal DAO levels that could present a dysfunction in the activity of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Beltrán-Ortiz
- Section of Immunology, HIV and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Chile
| | - Teresa Peralta
- Section of Immunology, HIV and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Chile
| | - Verónica Ramos
- Section of Immunology, HIV and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Chile
| | - Magdalena Durán
- Section of Immunology, HIV and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Chile
| | - Carolina Behrens
- Section of Immunology, HIV and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Chile
| | - Daniella Maureira
- Section of Immunology, HIV and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Chile
| | - Maria A Guzmán
- Section of Immunology, HIV and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Chile
| | - Carla Bastias
- Section of Immunology, HIV and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Chile
| | - Pablo Ferrer
- Section of Immunology, HIV and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Chile
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Kettner L, Seitl I, Fischer L. Evaluation of porcine diamine oxidase for the conversion of histamine in food-relevant amounts. J Food Sci 2020; 85:843-852. [PMID: 32090335 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Histamine exists in a multitude of foods and displays an emerging role within food intolerances. Our aim was to identify the activity of porcine diamine oxidase (DAO) required for the in vitro degradation of histamine amounts that are found in typical meals containing histamine (75 mg, equaled 150 mg/L). Furthermore, we investigated an actual dietary supplement that is commercially available for histamine intolerant individuals for its histamine reduction capability. Kinetic investigations of porcine DAO showed a substrate inhibition by histamine concentrations greater than 56 mg/L (0.5 mM). The stability of free porcine DAO was tested in a fed state simulated intestinal fluid and exhibited a half-life period of around 19 min. A total of 50 nanokatal (nkat) free porcine DAO, which equaled the amount of enzyme isolated from around 100 g pig kidney, were necessary for the in vitro reduction of around 90% of the histamine. The dietary supplement that contains a pig kidney extract did not show DAO activity. Instead, the used histamine (0.75 mg) was apparently reduced due to the adsorption of histamine onto a capsule component by 18.9 ± 2.3% within 5 hr. Although the capsule preparation retained its overall structure and shape for at least 90 min in simulated gastric fluid, the apparent histamine reduction was significantly reduced to 12.1 ± 2.3% (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, an alternative to the pig kidney DAO or an improved capsule preparation is needed to ensure an adequate supplementation for histamine-intolerant humans. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Histamine intolerance is an emerging issue in our society and the intolerance-related physiological symptoms are currently not reliably treatable due to a lack of scientific investigation. A commercially available dietary supplement for histamine intolerance does not fulfil the requirements for a satisfactory histamine reduction in intolerant humans. The activity of the histamine degrading enzyme diamine oxidase, required for a satisfactory histamine degradation, is by far higher than the theoretical amount apparently given in the dietary supplement. With this knowledge, it is obvious that improved food supplements must be developed to help histamine intolerant humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Kettner
- Dept. of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Inst. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Univ. of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ines Seitl
- Dept. of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Inst. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Univ. of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lutz Fischer
- Dept. of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Inst. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Univ. of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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Ota K, Takeuchi T, Kojima Y, Harada S, Ozaki H, Sugawara N, Hirata Y, Yamaguchi T, Terazawa T, Kakimoto K, Kii T, Goto M, Higuchi K. Fluoropyrimidine-induced intestinal mucosal injury is associated with the severity of chemotherapy-related diarrhea. Scand J Gastroenterol 2019; 54:227-232. [PMID: 30739515 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2019.1575466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Although the fluoropyrimidines are effective chemotherapeutic agents for malignant gastrointestinal tumors, they sometimes cause enteritis with diarrhea. Severe treatment-related diarrhea may result in chemotherapy discontinuation. We investigated the relationship between diarrhea severity and fluoropyrimidine-induced small intestinal mucosal injury. METHODS We performed small bowel capsule endoscopy in patients undergoing chemotherapy including fluoropyrimidine for a malignant tumor between May 2017 and June 2018 and analyzed the relationship between the endoscopic findings and diarrhea severity. We also performed a cross-sectional analysis of patient factors and routes of chemotherapy to identify risk factors of fluoropyrimidine-induced small intestinal injury. RESULTS Small bowel capsule endoscopy was successfully completed in 16 eligible patients. The diarrhea grade (per the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0) was significantly correlated with the percentage of patients with a small intestinal mucosal break (grade 0, 16.7%; grade 1, 57.1%; grade 2, 100%; p = .016, Cochran-Armitage trend test). Compared to patients receiving intravenous therapy, those receiving an orally administered fluoropyrimidine had a significantly greater number of small intestinal mucosal breaks (median number of breaks [range]; intravenous 5-fluorouracil, 0 [0-13]; oral fluoropyrimidine, 6.5 [1-20]; p = .0162, Mann-Whitney U test). CONCLUSIONS Many patients with diarrhea caused by chemotherapy including fluoropyrimidine had small intestinal mucosal breaks. Additionally, small intestinal mucosal breaks were more severe in patients receiving a regimen of oral treatment than in those receiving a regimen of intravenous therapy. These outcomes have important implications for investigations of new strategies for preventing anti-cancer drug-induced diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Ota
- a Second Department of Internal Medicine , Osaka Medical College , Takatsuki , Osaka , Japan
| | - Toshihisa Takeuchi
- a Second Department of Internal Medicine , Osaka Medical College , Takatsuki , Osaka , Japan
| | - Yuichi Kojima
- a Second Department of Internal Medicine , Osaka Medical College , Takatsuki , Osaka , Japan
| | - Satoshi Harada
- a Second Department of Internal Medicine , Osaka Medical College , Takatsuki , Osaka , Japan
| | - Haruhiko Ozaki
- a Second Department of Internal Medicine , Osaka Medical College , Takatsuki , Osaka , Japan
| | - Noriaki Sugawara
- a Second Department of Internal Medicine , Osaka Medical College , Takatsuki , Osaka , Japan
| | - Yuki Hirata
- a Second Department of Internal Medicine , Osaka Medical College , Takatsuki , Osaka , Japan
| | - Toshifumi Yamaguchi
- b Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Osaka Medical College Hospital , Takatsuki , Osaka , Japan
| | - Tetsuji Terazawa
- b Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Osaka Medical College Hospital , Takatsuki , Osaka , Japan
| | - Kazuki Kakimoto
- a Second Department of Internal Medicine , Osaka Medical College , Takatsuki , Osaka , Japan
| | - Takayuki Kii
- b Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Osaka Medical College Hospital , Takatsuki , Osaka , Japan
| | - Masahiro Goto
- b Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Osaka Medical College Hospital , Takatsuki , Osaka , Japan
| | - Kazuhide Higuchi
- a Second Department of Internal Medicine , Osaka Medical College , Takatsuki , Osaka , Japan
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Mergemeier K, Lehr M. HPLC-UV assays for evaluation of inhibitors of mono and diamine oxidases using novel phenyltetrazolylalkanamine substrates. Anal Biochem 2018; 549:29-38. [PMID: 29550344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have described an HPLC-UV assay for the evaluation of inhibitors of plasma amine oxidase (PAO) using 6-(5-phenyl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)hexan-1-amine (4) as a new type of substrate. Now we studied, whether this compound or homologues of it can also function as substrate for related amine oxidases, namely diamine oxidase (DAO), monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO B). Among these substances, 4 was converted by DAO with the highest rate. The best substrate for MAO A and B was 4-(5-phenyl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)butan-1-amine (2). To validate the new assays, the inhibition values of known enzyme inhibitors were determined and the data were compared with those obtained with the substrate benzylamine, which is often used in amine oxidase assays. For the DAO inhibitor 2-(4-phenylphenyl)acetohydrazide an about 10fold lower IC50-value against DAO was obtained when benzylamine was applied instead of 4, indicating that 4 binds to the enzyme with higher affinity than benzylamine. The IC50-values of clorgiline and selegiline against MAO A and B, respectively, also decreased (two- and 30fold) replacing 2 by benzylamine. The discrepancies largely disappeared, when the enzymes were pre-incubated with the inhibitors for 15 min. This can be explained with the covalent inhibition mechanism of the inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Mergemeier
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Postoperative symbiotic in patients with head and neck cancer: a double-blind randomised trial. Br J Nutr 2017; 119:190-195. [PMID: 29277158 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517003403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the 'gut origin of sepsis' have suggested that stressful insults, such as surgery, can affect intestinal permeability, leading to bacterial translocation. Symbiotics have been reported to be able to improve gut permeability and modulate the immunologic system, thereby decreasing postoperative complications. Therefore we aimed to evaluate the postoperative use of symbiotics in head and neck cancer surgical patients for intestinal function and permeability, as well as the postoperative outcomes. Patients were double-blind randomised into the symbiotic (n 18) or the control group (n 18). Samples were administered twice a day by nasoenteric tube, starting on the 1st postoperative day until the 5th to 7th day, and comprised 109 colony-forming units/ml each of Lactobacillus paracasei, L. rhamnosus, L. acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium lactis plus 6 g of fructo-oligosaccharides, or a placebo (6 g of maltodextrin). Intestinal function (day of first evacuation, total stool episodes, stool consistency, gastrointestinal tract symptoms and gut permeability by diamine oxidase (DAO) enzyme) and postoperative complications (infectious and non-infectious) were assessed. Results of comparison of the pre- and postoperative periods showed that the groups were similar for all outcome variables. In all, twelve patients had complications in the symbiotic group v. nine in the control group (P>0·05), and the preoperative-postoperative DAO activity ranged from 28·5 (sd 15·4) to 32·7 (sd 11·0) ng/ml in the symbiotic group and 35·2 (sd 17·7) to 34·1 (sd 12·0) ng/ml in the control group (P>0·05). In conclusion, postoperative symbiotics did not impact on intestinal function and postoperative outcomes of head and neck surgical patients.
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Miyoshi M, Ueno M, Matsuo M, Hamada Y, Takahashi M, Yamamoto M, Yamamoto I, Mikajiri R, Tabuchi S, Wakida K, Yamanishi M, Hirai M, Usami M. Effect of dietary fatty acid and micronutrient intake/energy ratio on serum diamine oxidase activity in healthy women. Nutrition 2017; 39-40:67-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Usami M, Ohata A, Kishimoto K, Ohmae K, Aoyama M, Miyoshi M, Fueda Y. Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition and Diamine Oxidase Activity of Intestinal Mucosa From Rats Treated With Irinotecan Hydrochloride (CPT-11) under Vegetable Oil–Enriched Diets: Comparison Between Perilla Oil and Corn Oil. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2017; 30:124-32. [PMID: 16517957 DOI: 10.1177/0148607106030002124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11), a topoisomerase I inhibitor highly effective for various cancers, has its dosage limited by diffuse mucosal damage with increased prostaglandin (PG) E(2). However, an analysis of intestinal phospholipid fatty acid composition after CPT-11 treatment has not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate intestinal phospholipid fatty acid composition in relation to intestinal mucosal integrity and plasma and mucosal PGE(2) levels after CPT-11 treatment. The effect of dietary vegetable oil supplementation, perilla oil vs corn oil, was also evaluated. METHODS Intestinal phospholipid fatty acid composition, PGE(2) level, mucosal diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, diarrhea, and blood tests were evaluated in rats injected with CPT-11 under a conventional diet. The same parameters were compared among 3 different dietary vegetable oil supplementations: perilla oil, corn oil, and a 1:3, respectively, mixture with a semisynthetic diet during 14 days. RESULTS CPT-11 treatment caused severe diarrhea, and intestinal mucosal fatty acid composition changed with increased PGE(2) level and decreased DAO activity. Decreases in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and EPA/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio in colonic mucosa were observed. Perilla oil increased omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid, EPA, and EPA/AA ratio and decreased plasma PGE(2). But the amounts used were not enough to attenuate intestinal damage from CPT-11 treatment. CONCLUSIONS CPT-11 induced changes of intestinal mucosal fatty acid composition with increased PGE(2) level and decreased intestinal integrity; perilla oil shows the possibility of being able to attenuate those changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Usami
- Division of Surgical Metabolism, Faculty of Health Science, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan.
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Boehm T, Pils S, Gludovacz E, Szoelloesi H, Petroczi K, Majdic O, Quaroni A, Borth N, Valent P, Jilma B. Quantification of human diamine oxidase. Clin Biochem 2016; 50:444-451. [PMID: 28041932 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diamine oxidase (DAO) is essential for extracellular degradation of histamine. For decades activity assays with inherent limitations were used to quantify the relative amounts of DAO. No reference DAO standard is available. Absolute DAO amounts cannot be determined. Controversy exists, whether DAO is circulating or not in non-pregnant individuals. The role of DAO as biomarker in various diseases is ambiguous. It is not clear, whether precise quantification of human DAO antigen using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) is possible. The objective was to develop a precise and robust ELISA to quantify DAO in various biological fluids. DESIGN AND METHODS A research prototype ELISA was established using a mouse monoclonal antibody for capturing and a polyclonal rabbit serum IgG fraction for the detection of human DAO. The limit of blank (LoB), limit of detection (LoD) and estimated limit of quantification (eLoQ) and normal DAO concentrations in serum and plasma were determined. RESULTS The LoB, LoD and eLoQ derived from 42 standard curves are 0.27, 0.48 and 0.7ng/mL respectively. The detection range using the LoD as the lower and the highest DAO standard as the upper boundary is 0.5 to 450ng/mL. Serum and plasma mean/median concentrations are between 0.5 and 1.5ng/mL in healthy volunteers (n=58) and mastocytosis patients (n=19) and plateau at approximately 145ng/mL (n=16) during pregnancy. Accurate quantification was not influenced by heparin (DAO is a heparin-binding protein), lipaemic or hemolytic serum. The measured DAO antigen concentrations are in close agreement with published enzymatic activity data using radioactive putrescine as substrate. CONCLUSIONS This research prototype ELISA is able to reliably and accurately quantify human DAO in different biological fluids. The potential of DAO as biomarker in various diseases can be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Boehm
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sophie Pils
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Gludovacz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helen Szoelloesi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Petroczi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Otto Majdic
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Quaroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Research Tower, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401, USA
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Wu QJ, Wang YQ, Qi YX. The protective effect of procyanidin against LPS-induced acute gut injury by the regulations of oxidative state. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1645. [PMID: 27722063 PMCID: PMC5033793 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background A 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to investigate the protective effect of procyanidin (PCA) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute gut injury by the regulations of oxidative state for a 21-days feeding trial. Methods A total of 384 1-days-old broiler chicks were assigned to 8 treatments with 8 replicate of 6 broiler chickens per pen. Broiler chickens fed diets based on 4 levels of dietary PCA (0, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1 % of the requirements). Half of the birds from each treatment group were challenged with 0.9 % NaCl solution or LPS (250 μg/kg body weight, injection administered) at 16, 18 and 21 days of age. Results The results indicated that, prior to LPS challenge, there was no dietary effect on bird growth performance (P > 0.05). The injection of LPS were also not associated with any significant changes in poultry performance (P > 0.05). But LPS injection increased serum diamine oxidase (DAO) level and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of intestinal mucosa (P < 0.05), cause adverse effects to the morphology of the small intestine (P < 0.05), decreased the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of intestinal mucosa (P < 0.05). When LPS-challenged birds were pretreated with PCA, serum DAO concentration and MDA activity in jejunal and ileal mucosa were dramatically attenuated, and improved the morphology of the small intestine as well (P < 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, PCA is able to prevent LPS-induced oxidative stress response in vivo, improved the morphology of the small intestine. The beneficial effect of PCA may depend on increasing the activity of body’s antioxidant enzymes and scavenging free radical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Jue Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Qin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xia Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003 Henan People's Republic of China
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Protective Effect of a Synbiotic against Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a Murine Infection Model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:3041-50. [PMID: 26953197 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02928-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of the probiotic Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult (BbY) to protect against infection, as well as the potentiation of BbY activity by the synbiotic combination of BbY and prebiotic galactooligosaccharides (GOS). The study employed a mouse model of lethal intestinal multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAb) infection. The endogenous intestinal microbiota was disrupted by the administration of multiple antibiotics, causing the loss of endogenous Bifidobacterium Oral infection of these mice with MDRAb resulted in marked growth of this organism. Additional treatment of the infected mice with a sublethal dose of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) induced systemic invasion by MDRAb and subsequent animal death. The continuous oral administration of BbY increased the survival rate and inhibited the intestinal growth and invasion by MDRAb in the infection model. Disruptions of the intestinal environment and barrier function in the infected mice were attenuated by BbY. Protection against the MDRAb infection was markedly potentiated by a synbiotic combination of BbY and GOS, although GOS by itself did not provide protection. Negative correlations were observed between intestinal MDRAb and BbY counts or acetic acid levels; positive correlations were observed between acetic acid levels and intestinal epithelium expression of tight-junction-related genes. These results demonstrated that the probiotic and synbiotic markedly potentiated protection against fatal intestinal infection caused by a multidrug-resistant bacterium. Probiotics and synbiotics are presumed to provide protection by compensation for the disrupted indigenous populations, thereby maintaining the intestinal environments and barrier functions otherwise targeted during opportunistic infection by MDRAb.
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Sebe M, Tsutsumi R, Yamaguchi S, Horikawa YT, Harada N, Oyama T, Kakuta N, Tanaka K, Tsutsumi YM, Nakaya Y, Sakaue H. The synergystic effects of omega-3 fatty acids against 5-fluorouracil-induced mucosal impairment in mice. BMC Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40795-016-0057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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16
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SHIBATA T, YAMASHITA H, KAWAMURA T, JODAI Y, OMORI T, SUMI K, ICHIKAWA Y, OKUBO M, ISHIZUKA T, TAHARA T, NAGASAKA M, NAKAGAWA Y, HIRATA I, OHMIYA N, NAKAO M. <b>The effect of consuming small volumes of beer on gastric motility and the involvement of gene </b><b>polymorphisms </b>. Biomed Res 2016; 37:305-310. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.37.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yasutaka JODAI
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University
| | - Takafumi OMORI
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University
| | - Kazuya SUMI
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University
| | | | - Masaaki OKUBO
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University
| | | | | | | | | | - Ichiro HIRATA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University
| | - Naoki OHMIYA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University
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Miyoshi J, Miyamoto H, Goji T, Taniguchi T, Tomonari T, Sogabe M, Kimura T, Kitamura S, Okamoto K, Fujino Y, Muguruma N, Okahisa T, Takayama T. Serum diamine oxidase activity as a predictor of gastrointestinal toxicity and malnutrition due to anticancer drugs. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:1582-90. [PMID: 25968084 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Objective evaluation of intestinal mucosal damage due to anticancer drugs is generally difficult. Serum diamine oxidase (DAO) activity is reported to reflect the integrity and maturity of the small intestinal mucosa. Therefore, we investigated whether serum DAO activity is an indicator of gastrointestinal toxicity or nutritional status in patients receiving chemotherapy. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 20 patients with unresectable metastatic gastric cancer who received oral S-1 (80 mg/m(2) ) on days 1-14, and intravenous cisplatin (60 mg/m(2) ) and docetaxel (50 mg/m(2) ) on day 8 every 3 weeks. Serum DAO activity was measured by colorimetry. Gastrointestinal toxicity was evaluated by Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. Endoscopic examination and biopsy of duodenal mucosa assessed mucosal damage. Malnutrition was evaluated by measuring serum total protein and albumin levels. RESULTS Serum DAO activity decreased step-by-step significantly during anticancer drug treatment and recovered after drug holidays. In all 14 patients who experienced diarrhea, serum DAO activity significantly decreased prior to diarrhea onset. Percent decrease in DAO activity was significantly correlated with severity of diarrhea. Significant correlation was observed between percent decrease in DAO activity and percent decrease in duodenal villus height or surface area from baseline. There were also significant correlations between percent decrease in serum DAO activity at day 14 and percent decrease in serum total protein or albumin levels at day 21 from baseline. CONCLUSION Serum DAO activity sensitively indicates gastrointestinal damage prior to symptom onset and can be a useful predictor of intestinal mucosal damage and nutritional status in patients receiving chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsei Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Goji
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Taniguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsu Tomonari
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sogabe
- Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shinji Kitamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Fujino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naoki Muguruma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshiya Okahisa
- Department of General Medicine and Community Health Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Takayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Chung JY, Lee JW, Ryu CH, Min HK, Yoon YJ, Lim MJ, Park CH. 1-[2-(4-Benzyloxyphenoxy)Ethyl]Imidazole inhibits monoamine oxidase B and protects against neuronal loss and behavioral impairment in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1267-78. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yong Chung
- Drug Discovery Center; SK Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.; Dae Jeon South Korea
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Drug Discovery Center; SK Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.; Dae Jeon South Korea
| | - Choon Ho Ryu
- Drug Discovery Center; SK Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.; Dae Jeon South Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Min
- Drug Discovery Center; SK Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.; Dae Jeon South Korea
| | - Yeo Jin Yoon
- Drug Discovery Center; SK Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.; Dae Jeon South Korea
| | - Mi Jung Lim
- Drug Discovery Center; SK Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.; Dae Jeon South Korea
| | - Cheol Hyoung Park
- Drug Discovery Center; SK Biopharmaceuticals Ltd.; Dae Jeon South Korea
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Yoshida Y, Ajiki T, Ueno K, Shinozaki K, Murakami S, Okazaki T, Matsumoto T, Matsumoto I, Fukumoto T, Usami M, Ku Y. Preoperative bile replacement improves immune function for jaundiced patients treated with external biliary drainage. J Gastrointest Surg 2014; 18:2095-104. [PMID: 25326124 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-014-2674-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although preoperative biliary drainage in jaundiced patients is controversial, external biliary drainage (EBD) is beneficial for infection control in patients with biliary cancers. When EBD is performed, additional bile replacement (BR) has the benefit of improving impaired intestinal barrier function, but the detailed mechanism remains unknown. We examined the effect of bile replacement on immune functions over the duration of BR in jaundiced patients. METHODS Fifteen patients were enrolled into this prospective study. BR was started soon after the total serum bilirubin concentration reached 5.0 mg/dl and was continued for 14 days. Drained bile was given two times orally (2 × 100 ml/day). Concanavalin A (Con A)- and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and serum diamine oxidase (DAO) activity were measured before starting and during BR. Twenty patients with EBD and no BR were analyzed as a control group. RESULTS Serum liver enzymes, prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR), and responses to Con A and PHA gradually improved over the 14 days of BR, but percentages of lymphocytes and DAO levels did not. PT-INR, and Con A and PHA responses did not improve during EBD in the control group. PT-INR significantly decreased in patients with a greater fraction of their drained bile replaced. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that preoperative BR using as large a quantity of bile as possible is useful for improving blood coagulability and cellular immunity in patients with EBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yoshida
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
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Protective effect of huoxiang zhengqi oral liquid on intestinal mucosal mechanical barrier of rats with postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome induced by acetic Acid. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:218383. [PMID: 25254052 PMCID: PMC4164314 DOI: 10.1155/2014/218383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a rat model with acetic acid-induced PI-IBS was used to study the role of HXZQ oral liquid in repairing the colonic epithelial barrier and reducing intestinal permeability. Pathomorphism of colonic tissue, epithelial ultrastructure, DAO activity in serum, and the protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin were examined to investigate protective effect mechanisms of HXZQ on intestinal mucosa barrier and then present experimental support for its use for prevention and cure of PI-IBS.
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Tsutsumi R, Horikawa YT, Kume K, Tanaka K, Kasai A, Kadota T, Tsutsumi YM. Whey Peptide-Based Formulas With ω-3 Fatty Acids Are Protective in Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Sepsis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2014; 39:552-61. [PMID: 24492312 DOI: 10.1177/0148607114520993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis and septic shock syndrome are among the leading causes of death in critically ill patients. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) released by bacteria within the colon may translocate across a compromised epithelium, leading to oxidative stress, inflammation, sepsis, and eventually death. METHODS We examined the effects of a whey-based enteral formula high in cysteine (antioxidant precursor) and the addition of ω-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), against a mouse model of LPS-induced sepsis. Mice were fed either a whey-based diet with EPA-DHA (PAF), a whey-based diet without EPA-DHA (PSTD), or a casein-based control diet (CONT). RESULTS Mice fed PAF or PSTD were protected against LPS-induced weight loss. Whey-based diets suppressed inflammatory cytokine release and oxidative stress damage. Furthermore, PAF and PSTD were able to inhibit autophagy, a mechanism in which the cell recycles damaged organelles. These anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of PSTD and PAF resulted in decreased liver inflammation and intestinal damage and promoted protective microbiota within the intestines. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a clinical role for whey peptide-based diets in promoting healing and recovery in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Tsutsumi
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yousuke T Horikawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Kume
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Katsuya Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Asuka Kasai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takako Kadota
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasuo M Tsutsumi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Yoon H, Dell EJ, Freyer JL, Campos LM, Jang WD. Polymeric supramolecular assemblies based on multivalent ionic interactions for biomedical applications. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Takechi H, Mawatari K, Harada N, Nakaya Y, Asakura M, Aihara M, Takizawa H, Goto M, Nishino T, Minato T, Furukita Y, Yamamoto Y, Yuasa Y, Yamai H, Yoshida T, Seike J, Tangoku A. Glutamine protects the small intestinal mucosa in anticancer drug-induced rat enteritis model. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2014; 61:59-64. [DOI: 10.2152/jmi.61.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Takechi
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Kazuaki Mawatari
- Department of Preventive Environent and Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Nagakatsu Harada
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Yutaka Nakaya
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Megumi Asakura
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Mutsumi Aihara
- Department of Preventive Environent and Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Hiromitsu Takizawa
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Masakazu Goto
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Takeshi Nishino
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Takuya Minato
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Yoshihito Furukita
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Yota Yamamoto
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Yasuhiro Yuasa
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Hiromichi Yamai
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Takahiro Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Junichi Seike
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | - Akira Tangoku
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School
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Sun X, Shao Y, Jin Y, Huai J, Zhou Q, Huang Z, Wu J. Melatonin reduces bacterial translocation by preventing damage to the intestinal mucosa in an experimental severe acute pancreatitis rat model. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6:1343-1349. [PMID: 24255660 PMCID: PMC3829749 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that melatonin significantly decreased all studied acute pancreatitis-associated inflammatory parameters, in addition to reducing apoptosis and necrosis associated with pancreatic injury. However, the effect of melatonin on gut barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of melatonin on intestinal integrity in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) to evaluate whether melatonin prevented intestine barrier dysfunction and reduced bacterial translocation. Forty male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups, with 8 rats in the sham operation (SO) group, 18 rats in the SAP group and 14 SAP rats in the melatonin treatment (MT) group. SAP was induced by retrograde injection of 4% taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct. Melatonin was administered 30 min prior to taurocholate injection in the melatonin-treated rats. All rats were sacrificed 24 h subsequent to pancreatitis induction. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect and quantify Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157 in postcava blood. The microvilli structure was also analyzed with transmission electron microscopy. The level of E. coli DNA in the MT group was significantly lower than in rats in the SAP group. No E. coli DNA was detected in the control group. Villus height and crypt depth in the ileum were significantly higher in the MT and control groups compared to the SAP group, and were significantly higher in the MT group than in the SAP group. These results suggested that melatonin prevented gut barrier dysfunction and reduced bacterial translocation, resulting in reduced pancreatic-associated infections and decreased early mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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Sakr OS, Borchard G. Encapsulation of Enzymes in Layer-by-Layer (LbL) Structures: Latest Advances and Applications. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:2117-35. [DOI: 10.1021/bm400198p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar. S. Sakr
- Capsulution Pharma AG, Volmerstrasse 7b, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Ethyl pyruvate prevents inflammatory factors release and decreases intestinal permeability in rats with D-galactosamine-induced acute liver failure. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2013; 12:180-8. [PMID: 23558073 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(13)60029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis and progression of acute liver failure (ALF) are closely associated with intestinal endotoxemia because of the high permeability of the intestinal wall. Treatment with ethyl pyruvate (EP) has been shown to protect liver failure effectively. The current study aimed to explore the relationship between proinflammatory cytokines and intestinal permeability, and to investigate whether EP administration might prevent the release of multiple proinflammatory cytokines and decrease intestinal permeability and therefore, protect the liver from injury. METHODS The ALF model was induced by D-galactosamine in rats. The rats were randomly divided into control (saline, i.p.), model (D-galactosamine, 1.2 g/kg, i.p.), prevention [EP injection (40 mg/kg) 2 hours ahead of D-galactosamine] and treatment groups (EP injection 2 hours after D-galactosamine). Samples were obtained at 12 and 24 hours after ALF induction, respectively. The histology of liver and intestinal tissue was assessed. Serum alanine aminotransferase, endotoxin, D(-)-lactate, diamine oxidase (DAO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) were evaluated. The survival of rats was also recorded. RESULTS The rats in model group showed severe damage to liver tissue and intestinal mucosa 12 and 24 hours after ALF induction. EP significantly improved liver or intestinal injury. In addition, serum endotoxin, D(-)-lactate, DAO, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and HMGB1 levels were significantly increased in the model group compared with the control group. There was a positive correlation between intestinal permeability and proinflammatory cytokines. EP significantly reduced serum endotoxin, D(-)-lactate, DAO, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and HMGB1 levels. The median survival time was significantly prolonged in both prevention and treatment groups (126 and 120 hours compared with 54 hours in the model group). CONCLUSIONS EP has protective and therapeutic effects on intestinal mucosa. EP decreases intestinal permeability, and inhibits the release of multiple proinflammatory cytokines in rats with ALF.
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Zhang Z, Xiang Y, Wang B, Chen H, Cai X, Wang X, Mei L, Zheng Y. Intestinal mucosal permeability of children with cefaclor-associated serum sickness-like reactions. Eur J Pediatr 2013; 172:537-43. [PMID: 23296953 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-012-1926-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although the serum sickness-like reaction (SSLR) in children after the administration of cefaclor has long been recognized, the exact mechanism of cefaclor-associated SSLR remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between intestinal mucosal permeability and cefaclor-associated SSLR in children. A total of 82 pediatric patients with upper respiratory tract infection following the cefaclor therapy was divided into cefaclor-associated SSLR positive group and negative group based on the presence or absence of SSLR after taking cefaclor, and 30 healthy volunteers served as control group. Urinary lactulose/mannitol (L/M) ratios and serum diamine oxidase (DAO) levels were determined in all cases on days 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 after oral administration of cefaclor. The children in the control group were given the same measurements after enrollment in this study. From days 7 to 13, the urinary L/M ratio of children with cefaclor SSLR gradually increased and reached to the highest level of 0.38 ± 0.14 on day 13. Compared with the cefaclor-associated SSLR negative group and control group, urinary L/M ratios increased significantly in the cefaclor SSLR positive group on days 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 after taking cefaclor, and serum levels of DAO following the treatment of cefaclor increased significantly in children with cefaclor SSLR on days 9, 11, 13, and 15. No significant difference in urinary L/M ratios and serum levels of DAO between SSLR negative group and control group through the entire experiment was observed. In conclusion, administration of cefaclor may induce SSLR in children by increasing the intestinal mucosal permeability and/or affecting the integrity of the intestinal mucosa. Determinations of urinary L/M ratios and serum DAO levels may be helpful for observing or predicting the occurrence of SSLR after administration of cefaclor, which will encourage physicians to proceed with extreme caution when prescribing cefaclor for pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 100 Xianggang Rd., Jiang An District, Wuhan, Hubei 430016, People's Republic of China
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Higashi K, Tanaka C, Imanishi K, Sawamoto K, Horikawa T, Ohkawa H, Matsushita R, Sai Y, Miyamoto KI. Influence of Long-term Enteral Nutrition on Pharmacokinetics of Digoxin in Rats. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2013; 28:44-52. [DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-11-rg-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hamada Y, Shinohara Y, Yano M, Yamamoto M, Yoshio M, Satake K, Toda A, Hirai M, Usami M. Effect of the menstrual cycle on serum diamine oxidase levels in healthy women. Clin Biochem 2012; 46:99-102. [PMID: 23099198 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Serum diamine oxidase (DAO) level is employed as a useful marker of intestinal mucosal integrity. As reported previously, the range of serum DAO levels in women is wider than that in men. We hypothesized that the menstrual cycle may affect DAO levels. DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty-six women of Japanese descent were recruited. All participants, aged 20-29 years, were healthy. Food surveys utilized in this study were based on questionnaires validated by dietitians. Complete blood counts, biochemical parameters, female hormones, and serum DAO levels during the follicular and luteal phases were measured in each subject. RESULTS Biochemical parameters, except for DAO levels, were comparable between the two phases. However, serum DAO levels during the luteal phase were significantly higher than those during the follicular phase. CONCLUSIONS Serum DAO levels were influenced by the menstrual cycle. Furthermore, our findings suggest that serum DAO levels should be interpreted cautiously in premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Hamada
- Department of Nutrition, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
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Zhou YK, Qin HL, Zhang M, Shen TY, Chen HQ, Ma YL, Chu ZX, Zhang P, Liu ZH. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum on gut barrier function in experimental obstructive jaundice. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:3977-91. [PMID: 22912548 PMCID: PMC3419994 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i30.3977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the mechanisms of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) action on gut barrier in preoperative and postoperative experimental obstructive jaundice in rats.
METHODS: Forty rats were randomly divided into groups of sham-operation, bile duct ligation (BDL), BDL + L. plantarum, BDL + internal biliary drainage (IBD), and BDL + IBD + L. plantarum. Ten days after L. plantarum administration, blood and ileal samples were collected from the rats for morphological examination, and intestinal barrier function, liver function, intestinal oxidative stress and protein kinase C (PKC) activity measurement. The distribution and expression of the PKC and tight junction (TJ) proteins, such as occludin, zonula occludens-1, claudin-1, claudin-4, junction adhesion molecule-A and F-actin, were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay.
RESULTS: L. plantarum administration substantially restored gut barrier, decreased enterocyte apoptosis, improved intestinal oxidative stress, promoted the activity and expression of protein kinase (BDL vs BDL + L. plantarum, 0.295 ± 0.007 vs 0.349 ± 0.003, P < 0.05; BDL + IBD vs BDL + IBD + L. plantarum, 0.407 ± 0.046 vs 0.465 ± 0.135, P < 0.05), and particularly enhanced the expression and phosphorylation of TJ proteins in the experimental obstructive jaundice (BDL vs BDL + L. plantarum, 0.266 ± 0.118 vs 0.326 ± 0.009, P < 0.05). The protective effect of L. plantarum was more prominent after internal biliary drainage ( BDL + IBD vs BDL + IBD + L. plantarum, 0.415 ± 0.105 vs 0.494 ± 0.145, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: L. plantarum can decrease intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, reduce oxidative stress, and prevent TJ disruption in biliary obstruction by activating the PKC pathway.
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Namikawa T, Fukudome I, Kitagawa H, Okabayashi T, Kobayashi M, Hanazaki K. Plasma diamine oxidase activity is a useful biomarker for evaluating gastrointestinal tract toxicities during chemotherapy with oral fluorouracil anti-cancer drugs in patients with gastric cancer. Oncology 2012; 82:147-52. [PMID: 22433290 DOI: 10.1159/000336799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diamine oxidase (DAO) is an enzyme that catalyzes oxidation and is highly active in the mature upper villus cells of the intestinal mucosa. This study sought to evaluate plasma DAO activities during adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS We investigated 20 patients with gastric cancer who were treated with oral fluorouracil anti-cancer drugs as adjuvant chemotherapy. Plasma DAO activity was measured in all patients before chemotherapy and at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after the start of chemotherapy, and quality of life was evaluated simultaneously. RESULTS The median DAO activity after 4 weeks of chemotherapy was significantly decreased compared to the pre-chemotherapy levels (6.6 vs. 7.5 U/l; p = 0.038). The changes in the rate of DAO activity at 2 and 6 weeks following the start of chemotherapy in patients with gastrointestinal tract toxicity were significantly lower than in those without toxicity (p =0.021 and 0.047, respectively). The patient cohort showed a slightly positive correlation between DAO activity and global health status and a negative correlation between DAO activity and appetite loss. CONCLUSIONS Plasma DAO activities may be useful for monitoring and evaluating gastrointestinal tract toxicities induced by adjuvant chemotherapy with oral fluorouracil in patients with gastric cancer.
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Kato Y, Nakao M, Iwasa M, Hasegawa S, Yamada K. Soluble Fiber Improves Management of Diarrhea in Elderly Patients Receiving Enteral Nutrition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2012.311202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Usami M, Miyoshi M, Kanbara Y, Aoyama M, Sakaki H, Shuno K, Hirata K, Takahashi M, Ueno K, Tabata S, Asahara T, Nomoto K. Effects of perioperative synbiotic treatment on infectious complications, intestinal integrity, and fecal flora and organic acids in hepatic surgery with or without cirrhosis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2011; 35:317-28. [PMID: 21527594 DOI: 10.1177/0148607110379813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the effect of preoperative and postoperative synbiotic treatment in hepatectomy patients with or without liver cirrhosis. METHODS Sixty-one patients with hepatic cancer were assigned randomly to receive either oral synbiotics that consisted of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and galactooligosaccharides or no synbiotics (control) preoperatively for 14 days and postoperatively for 11 days. Infectious complications, intestinal mucosal integrity as measured by serum diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, and fecal flora and organic acid concentrations were compared between synbiotic treatment (n = 32) and control (n = 29) groups. RESULTS Fecal flora culture and organic acid concentrations were changed after hepatectomy in both groups. The postsurgery decrease in DAO activity was less profound in the synbiotic-treated group (P < .01) and was correlated negatively with serum interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein concentrations (P < .001). Infectious complications occurred in 5 (17.2%) patients in the control group and no patients in the synbiotic-treated group (P < .05). CONCLUSION Perioperative synbiotic treatment attenuated the decrease in intestinal integrity and reduced the rate of infectious complications in patients with or without liver cirrhosis who underwent hepatic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Usami
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.
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Ying C, Chunmin Y, Qingsen L, Mingzhou G, Yunsheng Y, Gaoping M, Ping W. Effects of simulated weightlessness on tight junction protein occludin and Zonula Occluden-1 expression levels in the intestinal mucosa of rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 31:26-32. [PMID: 21336719 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-011-0145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the tight junction (TJ) protein expression of the intestinal mucosa in a rat tail-suspension model under simulated weightlessness. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: CON group (n=8), control; SUS-14 d group (n=8), tail-suspension for 14 days; SUS-21 d group (n=8), tail-suspension for 21 days. Occludin and Zonula Occluden-1 (ZO-1) expression levels were determined by immunohistochemical analysis and mRNA fluorescent quantitative PCR. Plasma levels of diamine oxidase (DAO) and d-lactate were determined using enzymatic spectrophotometry. Immunohistochemical results for occludin and ZO-1 showed disruption of the TJs in the intestinal mucosa in SUS-14 d and SUS-21 d groups. The expression levels of occludin and ZO-1 in SUS-21 d group were lower than those in SUS-14 d group, and significantly lower than those in CON group (Occldin: 0.86±0.02 vs 1.01±0.03 vs 1.63±0.03 and ZO-1: 0.82±0.01 vs 1.00±0.02 vs 1.55±0.01, P<0.01). Moreover, the levels of plasma DAO and d-lactate in SUS-21 d group were higher than those in SUS-14 d group, and significantly higher than those in CON group (DAO: 27.58±0.49 vs 20.74±0.49 vs 12.94±0.21 and d-lactate: 37.86±0.74 vs 28.26±1.01 vs 17.76±0.91, P<0.01). There were significant negative correlations between occludin or ZO-1 expression levels and DAO (r (2)=0.9014, r (2)=0.9355, P<0.01) or d-lactate levels (r (2)=0.8989, r (2)=0.9331, P<0.01). Occludin and Zo-1 were reduced in intestinal mucosa both in mRNA and protein levels in the rat tail-suspension model. The significant negative correlations between expression levels of TJs and plasma levels of DAO or d-lactate support the hypothesis that intestinal permeability is increased due to a decrease in TJ protein expression during tail-suspension from 14 days to 21 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ying
- PLA Postgraduate Medical School, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Research Center of Aeropathy, General Hospital of Air Force, PLA, Beijing, 100036, China
| | - Yang Chunmin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Research Center of Aeropathy, General Hospital of Air Force, PLA, Beijing, 100036, China
| | - Liu Qingsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Guo Mingzhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yang Yunsheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Mao Gaoping
- Department of Gastroenterology and Research Center of Aeropathy, General Hospital of Air Force, PLA, Beijing, 100036, China
| | - Wang Ping
- Department of Gastroenterology and Research Center of Aeropathy, General Hospital of Air Force, PLA, Beijing, 100036, China
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Honzawa Y, Nakase H, Matsuura M, Chiba T. Clinical significance of serum diamine oxidase activity in inflammatory bowel disease: Importance of evaluation of small intestinal permeability. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:E23-5. [PMID: 21225906 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zheng X, Mao Y, Cai J, Li Y, Liu W, Sun P, Zhang JH, Sun X, Yuan H. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Free Radic Res 2009; 43:478-84. [PMID: 19353364 DOI: 10.1080/10715760902870603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen gas was reported to reduce reactive oxygen species and alleviate cerebral, myocardial and hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries. This paper studied the effect of hydrogen-rich saline, which was easier for clinical application, on the intestinal I/R injury. Model of intestinal I/R injury was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Physiological saline, hydrogen-rich saline or nitrogen-rich saline (5 ml/kg) was administered via intravenous infusion at 10 min before reperfusion, respectively. The intestine damage was detected microscopically and was assessed by Chiu score system after I/R injury. In addition, serum DAO activity, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 levels, tissue MDA, protein carbonyl and MPO activity were all increased significantly by I/R injury. Hydrogen-rich saline reduced these markers and relieved morphological intestinal injury, while no significant reduction was observed in the nitrogen-rich saline-treated animals. In conclusion, hydrogen-rich saline protected the small intestine against I/R injury, possibly by reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfeng Zheng
- Chinese PLA Institute of Burn Surgery & Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
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Ishii K, Kono H, Hosomura N, Tsuchiya M, Ohgiku M, Tanaka N, Fujii H. Medium-chain triglycerides enhance mucous secretion and cell proliferation in the rat. J Gastroenterol 2009; 44:204-11. [PMID: 19214664 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-008-2308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The specific purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) on intestinal cell proliferation and mucous secretion of the small intestine in the rat. METHODS Rats were fed chow diet and given MCTs or the same weight of corn oil (5 g/kg per day) by gavage daily for 2 weeks, and then tissue samples of the small intestines were harvested. Leptin concentration in the small intestine was measured. Cell proliferation and apoptosis in the small intestine was determined by immunohistochemistry. Diamine oxidase (DAO) activity was measured by colorimetric assay. RESULTS In rats fed only chow diet (normal rats), the number of goblet cells per villi was 14.2 +/- 0.75 in the jejunum and 15.2 +/- 1.12 in the ileum. The number of goblet cells increased significantly in rats given MCTs compared with rats given corn oil or normal rats. Ki-67-positive cells were detected on the entire villi and the crypts in the small intestine. Furthermore, the proliferative index and the apoptotic index were also significantly greater in rats given MCTs than rats given corn oil or normal rats. Moreover, DAO activity and leptin concentration in the small intestine were significantly greater in rats given MCTs than rats given corn oil or normal rats. CONCLUSIONS MCTs enhance cell proliferation of the intestinal epithelium and mucous secretion from goblet cells in the small intestine. These effects may protect the gut in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease or enterogenous infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Ishii
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
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Harvey LJ, Ashton K, Hooper L, Casgrain A, Fairweather-Tait SJ. Methods of assessment of copper status in humans: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89:2009S-2024S. [PMID: 19420093 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27230e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of dietary adequacy of copper is constrained by the absence of recognized copper status biomarkers. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to systematically review the usefulness of copper status biomarkers and identify those that reflected changes in status over > or =4 wk. DESIGN The methods included a structured search on Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE (Ovid), and Cochrane databases to October 2007, followed by the use of formal inclusion/exclusion criteria, data extraction, validity assessment, and meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 16 studies (288 participants) were included in the review, with data on 16 possible copper biomarkers. All of the included studies were small and at high risk of bias. Data for serum copper suggested its value as a biomarker, reflecting changes in status in both depleted and replete individuals, although these changes were smaller in the latter. Total ceruloplasmin protein is related to copper status but reflects changes in highly depleted individuals only. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and urinary deoxypyridinoline are not useful biomarkers, but there were insufficient data to draw firm conclusions about plasma, erythrocyte, and platelet copper; leukocyte superoxide dismutase; erythrocyte, platelet, and plasma glutathione peroxidase; platelet and leukocyte cytochrome-c oxidase; total glutathione; diamine oxidase; and urinary pyridinoline. The paucity of data prevented detailed subgroup analysis. CONCLUSIONS Despite limited data, serum copper appears to be a useful biomarker of copper status at the population level. Further large studies with low risk of bias are needed to explore the effectiveness of other biomarkers of copper status and the relation between biomarker responsiveness, dose, and period of supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Harvey
- School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
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Nakagawa H, Tsunooka N, Yamamoto Y, Yoshida M, Nakata T, Kawachi K. Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced bacterial translocation and lung injury in atherosclerotic rats with hypoadiponectinemia. Surgery 2009; 145:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2008.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Multi-compound electrophoretic assays for tyramine oxidase with a UV area detector imaging multiple windows on a looped capillary. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1206:52-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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García-Martín E, Ayuso P, Martínez C, Agúndez JA. Response to the Letter to the Editor regarding “Improved analytical sensitivity reveals the occurrence of gender-related variability in diamine oxidase enzyme activity in healthy individuals”. Clin Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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García-Martín E, Ayuso P, Martínez C, Agúndez JAG. Improved analytical sensitivity reveals the occurrence of gender-related variability in diamine oxidase enzyme activity in healthy individuals. Clin Biochem 2007; 40:1339-41. [PMID: 17826755 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Revised: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Serum diamine oxidase (DAO; EC 1.4.3.6) activity is often employed as a clinical indicator of the integrity of intestinal mucosa. However, interindividual variation in enzyme activity and reference values for healthy women and men have not been studied. DESIGN AND METHODS DAO activity was measured by using cadaverine coupled to O-dianisidine oxidation in 50 healthy individuals. RESULTS The mean activity was 7.59+/-3.67 U/L for women and 2.38+/-0.71 U/L for men (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Gender is a major determinant for DAO activity in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena García-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, 06071-Badajoz, Spain.
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Highly Sensitive Determination of DAO Activity by Oxidation of a Luminescence Reagent. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 143:164-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-8023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 08/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Legleiter LR, Spears JW. Plasma diamine oxidase: A biomarker of copper deficiency in the bovine1,2. J Anim Sci 2007; 85:2198-204. [PMID: 17526663 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2006-841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to test the efficacy of plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity as a biomarker of Cu deficiency in the bovine. Angus steers (n = 11) and heifers (n = 17) were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) control (adequate dietary Cu), 2) Cu-deficient (-Cu), and 3) Cu-deficient plus high dietary Mn (-Cu+Mn), and fed from weaning through finishing. Molybdenum (2 mg/kg of DM) was supplemented to treatments -Cu and -Cu+Mn to induce Cu deficiency via the formation of ruminal thiomolybdates. Samples were collected on 2 sampling dates (d 160 and 190) to determine the efficacy of plasma DAO activity as a biomarker of Cu deficiency. For both sampling dates, liver Cu, plasma Cu, and plasma ceruloplasmin activity indicated that cattle receiving diets designed to induce Cu deficiency (-Cu and -Cu+Mn) were Cu-deficient, with all indices of Cu status lower (P < 0.001) than the control animals. In addition to these traditional indices of Cu status, plasma DAO activity also effectively identified Cu-deficient animals because plasma DAO levels were reduced (P < 0.001) by 2- to 3-fold compared with controls. Correlation analysis indicated that plasma DAO activity was highly correlated to all other indices of Cu status (Pearson R = 0.73 to 0.87). During the growing phase, ADG (P = 0.09) and G:F (P = 0.002) were depressed in Cu-deficient animals compared with controls, whereas cattle performed equally well across all treatments in the finishing phase. The plasma DAO activity assay was precise and reliable based on an intraassay CV of 4.4% and interassay CV of 11.1%. Due to increased variability, freezing and thawing of plasma samples resulted in significant changes in DAO activity relative to fresh plasma DAO activity values. Thus, fresh plasma DAO activity, a relatively simple assay, may serve as an effective tool to diagnose Cu deficiency in the bovine.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Legleiter
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA
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Ayuso P, García-Martín E, Martínez C, Agúndez JAG. Genetic variability of human diamine oxidase: occurrence of three nonsynonymous polymorphisms and study of their effect on serum enzyme activity. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2007; 17:687-93. [PMID: 17700358 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e328012b8e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the occurrence and the functional effects of nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human diamine oxidase (ABP1) gene. METHODS Genomic DNA from 134 healthy Caucasian individuals was analyzed for three nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ABP1 gene. Serum diamine oxidase activity was studied in 37 individuals with known ABP1 genotype. RESULTS Variant ABP1 alleles leading to the amino-acid substitutions Thr16Met, Ser332Phe and His645Asp were identified with frequencies of 25.4, 6.3 and 30.6%, respectively. Over 70% of the population (95% confidence interval, 62.4-77.9%) carry at least one amino-acid substitution. Each amino-acid substitution was at Hardy-Weinberg's equilibrium, but linkage disequilibrium between variant alleles was observed. The percentage of individuals carrying simultaneously the three amino-acid substitutions in heterozygosity or homozygosity (9%, 95% confidence interval, 4.2-13.8%) was over three times that expected from a random association (P<0.05). Individuals carrying the 645Asp amino acid displayed lower serum diamine oxidase activity as compared with noncarriers (P<0.001) with a significant gene-dose effect (P<0.05). This was due to an increase in the Michaelis-Menten constant. Individuals heterozygous for 645Asp show Vmax/Km values of 66% and homozygous 51% as compared with noncarriers. The effect of the 16Met variant allele was lower and that of the rarest allele 332Phe was negligible. CONCLUSION Nonsynonymous ABP1 gene polymorphisms are common in humans; they cause relevant functional effects and can be considered as major determinants of variability for human diamine oxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ayuso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Abd-Rabboh HSM, Meyerhoff ME. Determination of glucose using a coupled-enzymatic reaction with new fluoride selective optical sensing polymeric film coated in microtiter plate wells. Talanta 2007; 72:1129-33. [PMID: 18480896 PMCID: PMC2084384 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The determination of glucose in beverages is demonstrated using newly developed fluoride selective optical sensing polymeric film that contains aluminum (III) octaethylporphyrin (Al[OEP]) ionophore and the chromoionophore ETH7075 cast at the bottom of wells of a 96-well polypropylene microtiter plate. The method uses a dual enzymatic reaction involving glucose oxidase enzyme (GOD) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), along with an organofluoro-substrate (4-fluorophenol) as the source of fluoride ions. The concentration of fluoride ions after enzymatic reaction is directly proportional to the glucose level in the sample. The method has a detection limit of 0.8 mmol L(-1), a linear range of 0.9- 40 mmol L(-1) and a sensitivity of 0.125 absorbance unit/decade of glucose concentration. Glucose levels in several beverage samples determined using the proposed method correlate well with a reference spectrophotometric enzyme method based on detection of hydrogen peroxide using bromopyrogallol red dye (BPR). The new method can also be used to determine H(2)O(2) concentrations in the 0.1 - 50 mmol L(-1) range using a single enzymatic reaction involving H(2)O(2) oxidation of 4-fluorophenol catalyzed by HRP. The methodology could potentially be used to detect a wide range of substrates for which selective oxidase enzymes exist (to generate H(2)O(2)), with the high throughput of simple microtiter plate detection scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark E. Meyerhoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Jin X, Yu CH, Lv GC, Li YM. Increased intestinal permeability in pathogenesis and progress of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:1732-6. [PMID: 17461479 PMCID: PMC4146955 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i11.1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether increased intestinal permeability contributes to the pathogenesis and progress of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by observing its dynamic change in rat models.
METHODS: Rat models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis were established by giving a fat-rich diet. The rats were sacrificed at wk 8, 12 and 16 during the study. Rats fed with normal diet were taken as control. Plasma D-lactate, plasma diamine oxidase, serum lipids and liver transaminases were measured in blood of the femoral artery. Hepatic steatosis and inflammation were assessed by haematoxylin-eosin staining.
RESULTS: A rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was established successfully. Plasma D-lactate level in model group at wk 8, 12 and 16 and diamine oxidase level in model group at wk 12, 16 increased significantly compared with those in control group. There were notable differences of D-lactate and diamine oxidase level in model group between wk 8 and 12 as well as between wk 12 and 16. Serum lipids, liver transaminases and liver injury also increased with disease development.
CONCLUSION: Increased intestinal permeability caused by intestinal bacterial overgrowth and endotoxin-induced intestinal destruction exists in rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which may partially explain the pathogenesis and progress of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jin
- Digestive Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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Abstract
No sensitive functional index is currently available to assess Cu status in healthy human populations. This study evaluated the effect of Cu supplementation on putative indices of Cu status in twelve women and twelve men, aged between 22 and 45 years, who participated in a double-blind placebo controlled crossover study. The study consisted of three 6-week supplementation regimens of 3 mg CuSO4, 3 mg Cu-glycine chelate and 6 mg Cu-glycine chelate, each separated by placebo periods of equal length. Women had significantly higher caeruloplasmin oxidase activity (P < 0·001), caeruloplasmin protein concentration (P < 0·05), and serum diamine oxidase activity (P < 0·01) at baseline than men. Erythrocyte and leucocyte superoxide dismutase activity, leucocyte cytochrome c oxidase activity, and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity did not respond to Cu supplementation. Platelet cytochrome c oxidase activity was significantly higher (P < 0·01), after supplementation with 6 mg Cu-glycine chelate in the total group and in women but did not change in men. Caeruloplasmin oxidase activity was significantly higher (P < 0·05), in men after supplementation with 3 mg Cu-glycine chelate, while caeruloplasmin protein concentration was significantly lower in men after supplementation with 6 mg Cu-glycine chelate (P < 0·05). Serum diamine oxidase activity was significantly higher after all supplementation regimens in the total group and in both men and women (P < 0·01). These results indicate that serum diamine oxidase activity is sensitive to changes in dietary Cu intakes and may also have the potential to evaluate changes in Cu status in healthy adult human subjects.
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Response of diamine oxidase and other plasma copper biomarkers to various dietary copper intakes in the rat and evaluation of copper absorption with a stable isotope. Br J Nutr 2007. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114500000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of agreement on index of Cu status and reliable and sensitive biomarkers are still required. The purpose of this present work was to assess in rats the sensitivity of diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, a recently proposed biomarker, to modifications in dietary Cu intake in comparison with other plasma biomarkers of Cu status. We also evaluated the effect of Cu dietary level on Cu and Zn intestinal absorption. Results showed that plasma Cu and plasma caeruloplasmin were significantly decreased at day 8 compared with the control group (7·4 mg Cu/kg diet) while DAO activity was significantly decreased at day 12 of the deficient diet (0·61 mg Cu/kg diet). Cu supplementation (35 mg Cu/kg diet) had no effect on any of the studied biomarkers of Cu status. In Cu-deficient rats plasma Cu and DAO activities were normalized 4 d after return to the control diet while caeruloplasmin was normalized later, at day 11. Apparent absorption values (%) of total Cu or65Cu isotope were significantly increased in the Cu-deficient rats compared with the other groups and similar in the control and the Cu-supplemented groups. The urinary excretion of total Cu or65Cu isotope were increased in the Cu-supplemented group compared with the other two groups. Both apparent absorption and urinary excretion of total Zn or67Zn isotope remained unchanged in the three experimental groups. In conclusion, DAO activity seemed to be less sensitive to Cu deficiency than plasma Cu or caeruloplasmin concentrations. The present study also showed a significant increase in Cu intestinal absorption with dietary Cu restriction but no decrease with Cu supplementation in the rat.
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Sugawara G, Nagino M, Nishio H, Ebata T, Takagi K, Asahara T, Nomoto K, Nimura Y. Perioperative synbiotic treatment to prevent postoperative infectious complications in biliary cancer surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg 2006; 244:706-14. [PMID: 17060763 PMCID: PMC1856608 DOI: 10.1097/01.sla.0000219039.20924.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Use of synbiotics has been reported to benefit human health, but clinical value in surgical patients remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of perioperative oral administration of synbiotics upon intestinal barrier function, immune responses, systemic inflammatory responses, microflora, and surgical outcome in patients undergoing high-risk hepatobiliary resection. METHODS Patients with biliary cancer involving the hepatic hilus (n = 101) were randomized before hepatectomy, into a group receiving postoperative enteral feeding with synbiotics (group A); or another receiving preoperative plus postoperative synbiotics (group B). Lactulose-mannitol (L/M) ratio, serum diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, natural killer (NK) cell activity, interleukin-6 (IL-6), fecal microflora, and fecal organic acid concentrations were determined before and after hepatectomy. Postoperative infectious complications were recorded. RESULTS Of 101 patients, 81 completed the trial. Preoperative and postoperative changes in L/M ratio and DAO activity were similar between groups. Preoperatively in group B, NK activity, and lymphocyte counts increased, while IL-6 decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Postoperative serum IL-6, white blood cell counts, and C-reactive protein in group B were significantly lower than in group A (P < 0.05). During the preoperative period, numbers of Bifidobacterium colonies cultured from and total organic acid concentrations measured in feces increased significantly in group B (P < 0.05). Postoperative concentrations of total organic acids and acetic acid in feces were significantly higher in group B than in group A (P < 0.05). Incidence of postoperative infectious complications was 30.0% (12 of 40) in group A and 12.1% (5 of 41) in group B (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative oral administration of synbiotics can enhance immune responses, attenuate systemic postoperative inflammatory responses, and improve intestinal microbial environment. These beneficial effects likely reduce postoperative infectious complications after hepatobiliary resection for biliary tract cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Sugawara
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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