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Marques GFO, Pires AF, Osterne VJS, Pinto-Junior VR, Silva IB, Martins MGQ, Oliveira MV, Gomes AM, de Souza LAG, Pavão MSG, Cavada BS, Assreuy AMS, Nascimento KS. Vatairea guianensis lectin stimulates changes in gene expression and release of TNF-α from rat peritoneal macrophages via glycoconjugate binding. J Mol Recognit 2021; 34:e2922. [PMID: 34132435 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Using a rat model of peritonitis, we herein report the inflammatory effect induced by the lectin isolated from Vatairea guianensis (VGL) seeds in the context of interactions between VGL and both toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1). Peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with VGL for dose-dependent gene expression and release of TNF-α. In vivo results showed that VGL (1 mg/kg; intraperitoneal) induced peritonitis in female Wistar rats. Leukocyte migration, macrophage activation, and protein leakage were measured 3 and 6 hours after induction. In vitro, peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with VGL for gene expression and TNF-α dosage (mean ± SEM (n = 6), analysis of variance, and Bonferroni's test (P < .05)). In silico, VGL structure was applied in molecular docking with representative glycans. It was found that (a) VGL increases vascular permeability and stimulates leukocyte migration, both rolling and adhesion; (b) lectin-induced neutrophil migration occurs via macrophage stimulation, both in vitro and in vivo; (c) lectin interacts with TLR4 and TNFR1; and (d) stimulates TNF-α gene expression (RT-PCR) and release from peritoneal macrophages. Thus, upon lectin-glycan binding on the cell surface, our results suggest that VGL induces an acute inflammatory response, in turn activating the release of peritoneal macrophages via TNF-α and TLR and/or TNFR receptor pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alana Freitas Pires
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Jose Silva Osterne
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Vanir Reis Pinto-Junior
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ivanice Bezerra Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Messias Vital Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Angelica Maciel Gomes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica e Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mauro Sérgio Gonçalves Pavão
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica e Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Benildo Sousa Cavada
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Araripe DA, Pinto-Junior VR, Neco AHB, Santiago MQ, Osterne VJS, Pires AF, Lossio CF, Martins MGQ, Correia JLA, Benevides RG, Leal RB, Assreuy AMS, Nascimento KS, Cavada BS. Partial characterization and immobilization in CNBr-activated Sepharose of a native lectin from Platypodium elegans seeds (PELa) and comparative study of edematogenic effect with the recombinant form. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:323-330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Wound healing modulation by a latex protein-containing polyvinyl alcohol biomembrane. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:747-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1238-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Figueiredo J, Ferreira AE, Silva RL, Ulloa L, Grieco P, Cunha TM, Ferreira SH, Cunha FDQ, Kanashiro A. NDP-MSH inhibits neutrophil migration through nicotinic and adrenergic receptors in experimental peritonitis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 386:311-8. [PMID: 23338711 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortin is a potent anti-inflammatory molecule. However, little is known about the effect of melanocortin on acute inflammatory processes such as neutrophil migration. In the present study, we investigated the ability of [Nle4, D-Phe7]-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH), a semisynthetic melanocortin compound, in the inhibition of neutrophil migration in carrageenin-induced peritonitis model. Herein, subcutaneous pretreatment with NDP-MSH decreased neutrophil trafficking in the peritoneal cavity in a dose-dependent manner. NDP-MSH inhibited vascular leakage, leukocyte rolling, and adhesion and reduced peritoneal macrophage inflammatory protein 2, but not TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-10, and keratinocyte-derived chemokine production. In addition, the effect on neutrophil migration was reverted by the pretreatment with both propranolol (a nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist) and mecamylamine (a nonselective nicotinic antagonist) but not by splenectomy surgery. Moreover, NDP-MSH intracerebroventricular administration inhibited neutrophil migration, indicating participation of the central nervous system. Our results propose that the NDP-MSH effect may be due to a spleen-independent neuro-immune pathway that efficiently regulates excessive neutrophil recruitment to tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozi Figueiredo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the pyrogenic activity of
factor(s) released by rat peritoneal macrophages following a brief
stimulation with LPS. The effect of this factor on the number of
circulating leukocytes and serum Fe, Cu and Zn levels, was also
evaluated. The possibility that the content of interleukin
(IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in the
supernatant could explain the observations was investigated.
Supernatant produced over a period of 1 h by peritoneal macrophages,
following a 30 min incubation with LPS at 37°C, was
ultrafiltered through a 10 000 MW cut-off Amicon membrane,
sterilized, and concentrated 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 times. The
intravenous (i.v.) injection of this supernatant induced a
concentration-dependent fever in rats with a maximal response at 2
h. The pyrogenic activity was produced by macrophages elicited with
thioglycollate and by resident cells. The supernatants also induced
neutrophilia and reduction in Fe and Zn 6 h after the injection.
Absence of activity in boiled supernatants, or supernatants from
macrophages incubated at 4°C with LPS, indicates that LPS was
not responsible for the activity. In vitro treatment
with indomethacin (Indo), dexamethasone (Dex), or cycloheximide
(Chx) did not modify the release of pyrogenic activity into the
supernatant or its effects on the reduction in serum metal levels.
Although Chx abolished the production of mediator(s) inducing
neutrophilia, and Dex reduced the induction of IL-1β, TNF and
IL-6, injection of the highest concentration of these cytokines
detected in the supernatants did not induce fever. In
vivo treatment with Dex, but not Indo, abolished the fever
induced by the supernatant. These results suggest that macrophages
contain pre-formed pyrogenic mediator(s), not related to IL-1β,
IL-6 or TNF, that acts indirectly and independently of
prostaglandtn. It also seems likely that the pyrogenic activity is
related to the factor responsible for the reduction of serum Fe and
Zn levels, but not the neutrophilia.
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The Effect of IFN-gamma, Alum and Complete Freund Adjuvant on TNP-KLH Induced Ig.G(1), IgE and IgG(2a) Responses in Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 3:387-92. [PMID: 18475585 PMCID: PMC2365572 DOI: 10.1155/s0962935194000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants are considered to play an important role in directing the
isotype and amount of antibodies produced upon immunization by
conducting the development of either Th-1 or Th-2 cells upon T-cell
stimulation. This is based on the different cytokine production
patterns that were observed after in vitro resttmulation of T cells
isolated from mice immunized with antigen either adsorbed on alum or
emulsified in complete Freund adjuvant (CFA). However, other studies
suggest that primarily the type of antigen determines which isotypes
are produced and to what extent. In these studies, however, IgE was
not determined. Therefore, this study examined whether alum and CFA
influenced the amount and/or ratio of IgG1, IgE and IgG2a produced
after TNP-KLH immunization. Similar levels of IgG1, IgE and IgG2a
antibodies were found upon immunization with TNP-KLH either adsorbed
on alum or emulsified in CFA. Moreover, administration of IFN-γ in
combination with TNP-KLH adsorbed on alum did not increase the
amount of IgG2a produced. IFN-γ treatment resulted in an increased
IL-6 and decreased IFN-γ production by spleen cells upon Con A
stimulation, whereas it did not change the IL-4 production in
similar conditions. The presented results suggest that upon
immunization with TNP-KLH high IL-4 levels are produced, resulting
in an antibody response that is dominated by IgG1, independent of the
adjuvant employed. The IL-4 inducing property of TNP-KLH is
substantiated by the finding that repeated immunization of mice with
TNP-KI, without adjuvant, increases the serum total IgE level. The
presented data suggest that the carrier part of TNP-KLH
preferentially results in Th-2 cell activity after which the
adjuvant merely enhances the antibody responses generated.
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Crystal structure of a pro-inflammatory lectin from the seeds of Dioclea wilsonii Standl. Biochimie 2011; 94:525-32. [PMID: 21924319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure and pro-inflammatory property of a lectin from the seeds of Dioclea wilsonii (DwL) were analyzed to gain a better understanding of structure/function relationships of Diocleinae lectins. Following crystallization and structural determination by standard molecular replacement techniques, DwL was found to be a tetramer based on PISA analysis, and composed by two metal-binding sites per monomer and loops which are involved in molecular oligomerization. DwL presents 96% and 99% identity with two other previously described lectins of Dioclea rostrata (DRL) and Dioclea grandiflora (DGL). DwL differs structurally from DVL and DRL with regard to the conformation of the carbohydrate recognition domain and related biological activities. The structural analysis of DwL in comparison to other Diocleinae lectins can be related to the differences in the dose-dependent pro-inflammatory effect elicited in Wistar rats, probably via specific interactions with mast cells complex carbohydrate, resulting in significant paw edema. DwL appears to be involved in positive modulation of mast cell degranulation via recognition of surface carbohydrates. Since this recognition is dependent on site volume and CRD configuration, edematogenesis mediated by resident cells varies in potency and efficacy among different Diocleinae lectins.
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Lima-Filho JV, Patriota JM, Silva AFB, Filho NT, Oliveira RSB, Alencar NMN, Ramos MV. Proteins from latex of Calotropis procera prevent septic shock due to lethal infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 129:327-334. [PMID: 20371281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The latex of Calotropis procera has been used in traditional medicine to treat different inflammatory diseases. The anti-inflammatory activity of latex proteins (LP) has been well documented using different inflammatory models. In this work the anti-inflammatory protein fraction was evaluated in a true inflammatory process by inducing a lethal experimental infection in the murine model caused by Salmonella enterica Subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental Swiss mice were given 0.2 ml of LP (30 or 60 mg/kg) by the intraperitoneal route 24 h before or after lethal challenge (0.2 ml) containing 10(6) CFU/ml of Salmonella Typhimurium using the same route of administration. RESULTS All the control animals succumbed to infection within 6 days. When given before bacterial inoculums LP prevented the death of mice, which remained in observation until day 28. Even, LP-treated animals exhibited only discrete signs of infection which disappeared latter. LP fraction was also protective when given orally or by subcutaneous route. Histopathological examination revealed that necrosis and inflammatory infiltrates were similar in both the experimental and control groups on days 1 and 5 after infection. LP activity did not clear Salmonella Typhimurium, which was still present in the spleen at approximately 10(4) cells/g of organ 28 days after challenge. However, no bacteria were detected in the liver at this stage. LP did not inhibit bacterial growth in culture medium at all. In the early stages of infection bacteria population was similar in organs and in the peritoneal fluid but drastically reduced in blood. Titration of TNF-alpha in serum revealed no differences between experimental and control groups on days 1 and 5 days after infection while IL-12 was only discretely diminished in serum of experimental animals on day 5. Moreover, cultured macrophages treated with LP and stimulated by LPS released significantly less IL-1beta. CONCLUSIONS LP-treated mice did not succumb to septic shock when submitted to a lethal infection. LP did not exhibit in vitro bactericidal activity. It is thought that protection of LP-treated mice against Salmonella Typhimurium possibly involves down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (other than TNF-alpha). LP inhibited IL-1beta release in cultured macrophages and discretely reduced IL-12 in serum of animals given LP. Results reported here support the folk use of latex to treat skin infections by topic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- José V Lima-Filho
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Campus Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Mineral trioxide aggregate stimulates macrophages and mast cells to release neutrophil chemotactic factors: role of IL-1β, MIP-2 and LTB4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 109:e135-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Pharmacological analysis of the neutrophil migration induced by D. rostrata lectin: Involvement of cytokines and nitric oxide. Toxicon 2009; 54:736-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sun Y, Wang YQ, Yang R, Zhu JJ, Le YY, Zhong JG, Lu J. Exogenous porcine surfactants increase the infiltration of leukocytes in the lung of rats. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2009; 22:253-9. [PMID: 19489120 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have investigated the influence of exogenous surfactants on inflammatory response in the lung, however results reported about effects of surfactants on the lung infiltration of leukocytes are controversial. Our previous study noticed that treatment of porcine surfactant (PS) significantly increased the lung infiltration of leukocytes in rats with acute lung injury (ALI). The objective of this study was to verify the effect of exogenous PS on the lung infiltration of leukocytes in vivo and investigate the possible mechanisms involved in vitro. METHODS The number of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of rats with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI was determined after treatment with different concentrations of PS, dexamethasone (Dex) or PS + Dex. The effect of PS and Curosurf, a commercially available porcine surfactant, on human peripheral neutrophil migration was determined by the Boyden Chamber Assay. RESULTS Instillation of PS significantly increased the number of leukocytes in BALF of normal rats and rats with LPS-induced ALI. Most of the increased leukocytes were neutrophils. Dex significantly decreased the number of leukocytes and TNF-alpha concentration in BALF caused by LPS, but did not significantly reduce the number of leukocytes increased by PS. In vitro experiments further demonstrated that both PS and Curosurf had direct chemotactic effects on neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PS contain chemoattractant(s) which induce the infiltration of leukocytes, especially neutrophils, into lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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Toledo KA, Pereira FL, Mambole A, Lesavre P, Roque-Barreira MC, Halbwachs-Mecarelli L. The macrophage-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor, MNCF: A lectin with TNF-α-like activities on neutrophils. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 376:764-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gomes AC, Filho JEG, de Oliveira SHP. MTA-induced neutrophil recruitment: a mechanism dependent on IL-1β, MIP-2, and LTB4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 106:450-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Revised: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Napimoga MH, Vieira SM, Dal-Secco D, Freitas A, Souto FO, Mestriner FL, Alves-Filho JC, Grespan R, Kawai T, Ferreira SH, Cunha FQ. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand, 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, reduces neutrophil migration via a nitric oxide pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:609-17. [PMID: 18097063 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.1.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma), such as 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) have been implicated as a new class of anti-inflammatory compounds with possible clinical applications. Based on this concept, this investigation was designed to determine the effect of 15d-PGJ2-mediated activation of PPAR-gamma ligand on neutrophil migration after an inflammatory stimulus and clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms using a mouse model of peritonitis. Our results demonstrated that 15d-PGJ2 administration decreases leukocyte rolling and adhesion to the inflamed mesenteric tissues by a mechanism dependent on NO. Specifically, pharmacological inhibitors of NO synthase remarkably abrogated the 15d-PGJ2-mediated suppression of neutrophil migration to the inflammatory site. Moreover, inducible NOS-/- mice were not susceptible to 15d-PGJ2-mediated suppression of neutrophil migration to the inflammatory sites when compared with their wild type. In addition, 15d-PGJ2-mediated suppression of neutrophil migration appeared to be independent of the production of cytokines and chemokines, since their production were not significantly affected in the carrageenan-injected peritoneal cavities. Finally, up-regulation of carrageenan-triggered ICAM-1 expression in the mesenteric microcirculation vessels was abrogated by pretreatment of wild-type mice with 15d-PGJ2, whereas 15d-PGJ2 inhibited F-actin rearrangement process in neutrophils. Taken together these findings demonstrated that 15d-PGJ2 suppresses inflammation-initiated neutrophil migration in a mechanism dependent on NO production in mesenteric tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo H Napimoga
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Queiroz AFS, Moura RM, Ribeiro JKC, Lyra IL, Cunha DCS, Santos EA, de-Sales MP. Pro-inflammatory effect in mice of CvL, a lectin from the marine sponge Cliona varians. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2008; 147:216-21. [PMID: 17933589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 09/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
CvL, a lectin from the marine sponge Cliona varians agglutinated type A papainized erythrocytes and was strongly inhibited by d-galactose and sucrose. Models of leukocyte migration in vivo were used to study the inflammatory activity of CvL through of mouse paw oedema and peritonitis. Effect of CvL on peritoneal macrophage activation was analysed. Effects of corticoids and NSAIDS drugs were also evaluated on peritonitis stimulated by CvL. Results showed that mouse hind-paw oedema induced by subplantar injections of CvL was dose dependent until 50 microg/cavity. This CvL dose when administered into mouse peritoneal cavities induced maxima cell migration (9283 cells/microL) at 24 h after injection. This effect was preferentially inhibited by incubation of CvL with the carbohydrates d-galactose followed by sucrose. Pre-treatment of mice with 3% thioglycolate increases the peritoneal macrophage population 2.3 times, and enhanced the neutrophil migration after 24 h CvL injection (75.8%, p<0.001) and no significant effect was observed in the presence of fMLP. Finally, pre-treatment of mice with dexamethasone (cytokine antagonist) decreased (65.6%, p<0.001), diclofenac (non-selective NSAID) decreased (34.5%, p<0.001) and Celecoxib (selective NSAID) had no effect on leukocyte migration after submission at peritonitis stimulated by CvL, respectively. Summarizing, data suggest that CvL shows pro-inflammatory activity, inducing neutrophil migration probably by pathway on resident macrophage activation and on chemotaxis mediated by cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre F S Queiroz
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Campebell R, Peiró J, Rosa P, Valadão C, Bechara G. Endotoxemia por lipopolissacarídeo de Escherichia coli, em eqüinos: efeitos de antiinflamatórios nas concentrações sérica e peritoneal do fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-alfa). ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352007000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Avaliou-se a inibição da produção do fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-alfa) devido ao pré-tratamento com antiinflamatório esteroidal (dexametasona) e não esteroidal (diclofenaco sódico) em eqüinos com endotoxemia induzida experimentalmente. Foram utilizados 15 cavalos machos não castrados, distribuídos em três grupos de cinco animais: controle (C), diclofenaco sódico (DS) e dexametasona (DM). A endotoxemia subletal foi induzida pela infusão intravenosa (IV) de 0,1mg/kg/pv de lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) de Escherichia coli 055:B5, administrado em 250ml de solução estéril de cloreto de sódio a 0,9%, durante 15min. Os cavalos do grupo-controle foram tratados com solução de cloreto de sódio a 9% IV. Nos animais do grupo DS, administraram-se, por via oral, 2,2mg/kg de diclofenaco sódico e, nos do grupo DM, 1,1mg/kg de dexametasona IV, respectivamente, 60 e 30min antes da infusão da endotoxina. Mensurou-se, por meio de ensaio de toxicidade com células da linhagem L929, a concentração de TNF-alfa no soro e no líquido peritoneal às 0, 1¼, 3 e 6 horas após injeção do LPS. No grupo-controle, observou-se aumento significativo de TNF-alfa sérico, em relação ao valor basal e aos grupos DS e DM, 1,15 horas após a indução da endotoxemia. No líquido peritoneal, as concentrações observadas estavam abaixo daquelas da curva padrão de TNF-alfa, não havendo diferença entre os grupos (P>0,05).
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Alencar NMN, Assreuy AMS, Havt A, Benevides RG, de Moura TR, de Sousa RB, Ribeiro RA, Cunha FQ, Cavada BS. Vatairea macrocarpa (Leguminosae) lectin activates cultured macrophages to release chemotactic mediators. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2006; 374:275-82. [PMID: 17171556 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-006-0124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The lectin from the legume Vatairea macrocarpa is a galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine binding protein that induced cellular inflammatory response mediated by resident cells. This study investigated which inflammatory mediators would be released from lectin-activated cells. The intraperitoneal injection in rats of the supernatant from cultured macrophages, but not from mast cells, stimulated with lectin induced a time- and dose-dependent release of a neutrophil chemotactic factor, termed MNCF-VML. Pharmacological modulation with dexamethasone inhibited both the lectin-induced chemotactic activity in vivo and also the lectin-induced release of MNCF-VML into the supernatant of cultured macrophages. Cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites are apparently not involved in the action of this factor or its release, since indomethacin or MK886 were unable to affect the lectin response. The molecular weight of MNCF-VML was found to be greater than 5 kDa, which led to the investigation of which cytokine(s) could be involved by the following approaches: (a) treatment of animals with antiserum to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1, or IL-8 before intraperitoneal injection of lectin and (b) addition of antiserum to TNF-alpha, IL-1, or IL-8 to the supernatant of lectin-stimulated macrophages before intraperitoneal administration. Antiserum to TNF-alpha, but not IL-1 nor IL-8, inhibited the neutrophil migration induced either by lectin or MNCF-VML. Our data suggest that neutrophil migration induced by V. macrocarpa lectin occurs via the release of cytokines such as TNF-alpha by macrophages. Thus, this lectin may represent an important tool to better understand pathological situations where an excess of leukocytes at inflammatory sites causes tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nylane M N Alencar
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Porangabuçu, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo 1127, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Coelho MB, Desouza IA, Freire MGM, Marangoni S, Antunes E, Macedo MLR. Neutrophil migration in mice induced by a mannose-binding lectin isolated from Annona coriacea seeds. Toxicon 2006; 48:529-35. [PMID: 16926040 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2005] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/04/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel 14-kDa lectin from Annona coriacea seeds (ACLEC) with hemagglutinating activity on erythrocytes has been recently described. Since plant lectins are known to present inflammatory activity, this study aimed to investigate the leukocyte migration induced by ACLEC, and inflammatory mediators involved in this phenomenon. Male Swiss mice were intraperitoneally injected with ACLEC (3-100 microg/cavity), and at 4-96 h thereafter the leukocyte counts in peritoneal lavage fluid were evaluated. ACLEC induced a dose-dependent neutrophil accumulation, reaching maximal responses at 16 h after injection (approximately 40-fold increase for 30 microg/cavity). Significant accumulation of mononuclear cells was observed at 72 h (2.7-fold increase). The carbohydrate mannose nearly abolished the neutrophil influx, whereas sucrose, glucose and galactose had no effect. Dexamethasone, the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib and the Platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist PCA4248 significantly reduced ACLEC-induced neutrophil influx. The tachykinin NK(1) antagonist SR140333, the tachykinin NK(2) antagonist SR48968, the non-selective NO inhibitor L-NAME, the selective inducible NOS inhibitor aminoguanidine and the lypoxygenase inhibitor AA861 all failed to modify the ACLEC-induced responses. In conclusion, ACLEC is able to attract neutrophils into the mice peritoneal cavity by mechanisms involving interactions of the lectin with cell-specific mannose recognition, leading to the release of COX-2-derived mediators and PAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela B Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia (IB), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6109, 13083-970 Campinas (SP), Brazil.
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19
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Santodomingo-Garzón T, Cunha TM, Verri WA, Valério DAR, Parada CA, Poole S, Ferreira SH, Cunha FQ. Atorvastatin inhibits inflammatory hypernociception. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 149:14-22. [PMID: 16865092 PMCID: PMC1629407 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Atorvastatin is an inhibitor of the enzyme 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase used to prevent coronary heart disease. We have studied the analgesic effect of atorvastatin in inflammatory models in which a sequential release of mediators (bradykinin, (BK), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and the chemokine, KC/CXCL) links the stimulus with release of directly acting hypernociceptive mediators such as prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of orally administered atorvastatin on inflammatory mechanical hypernociception in mouse paws were evaluated with an electronic pressure-meter. Cytokines and PGE(2) were measured by ELISA and RIA. KEY RESULTS Treatment with atorvastatin for 3 days dose-dependently reduced hypernociception induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or that following antigen challenge in sensitized animals. Atorvastatin pre-treatment reduced hypernociception induced by bradykinin and cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and KC), and the release of IL-1beta and PGE(2) in paw skin, induced by lipopolysaccharide. The antinociceptive effect of atorvastatin on LPS-induced hypernociception was prevented by mevalonate co-treatment without affecting serum cholesterol levels. Hypernociception induced by PGE(2) was inhibited by atorvastatin, suggesting intracellular antinociceptive mechanisms for atorvastatin. The antinociceptive effect of atorvastatin upon LPS- or PGE(2)-induced hypernociception was prevented by non-selective inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) but not by selective inhibition of inducible NOS or in mice lacking this enzyme. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Antinociceptive effects of atorvastatin depend on inhibition of cytokines and prostanoid production and on stimulation of NO production by constitutive NOS. Our study suggests that statins may constitute a novel class of analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Santodomingo-Garzón
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - W A Verri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D A R Valério
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C A Parada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Poole
- Division of Immunology and Endocrinology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Herts, UK
| | - S H Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Author for correspondence:
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20
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Sugiyama Y, Kato S, Abe M, Mitsufuji S, Takeuchi K. Different effects of dexamethasone and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME on caerulein-induced rat acute pancreatitis, depending on the severity. Inflammopharmacology 2006; 13:291-301. [PMID: 16259748 DOI: 10.1163/156856005774423728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Effects of dexamethasone and N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, on caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis were examined in rats. Acute pancreatitis was induced by caerulein (20 mug/kg, s.c.) given repeatedly 2 or 4 times every hour, and serum amylase levels, pancreas weight and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured 6 h after the first injection of caerulein. Dexamethasone (3 mg/kg) and L-NAME (30 mg/kg) were administered p.o. 30 min before the first injection of caerulein. Caerulein caused moderate or severe pancreatitis, depending on the times of injections, resulting in different degrees of increase in serum amylase levels and pancreas weight, and the marked elevation of MPO activity was observed only after injections of caerulein given 4 times per hour. Both dexamethasone and L-NAME suppressed the severity of pancreatits, yet the effect of L-NAME as compared with dexamethasone was more potent against mild pancreatitis but less potent against severe pancreatitis. These results suggest that caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis shows different responsiveness to L-NAME and dexamethasone, depending on the severity; the former is more effective against pancreatitis with less inflammation, while the latter is more effective against pancreatitis with severe inflammation. It is assumed that endogenous NO may be involved in oedema formation as the early event in the development of acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sugiyama
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 802-8566, Japan.
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21
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Desouza IA, Franco-Penteado CF, Camargo EA, Lima CSP, Teixeira SA, Muscará MN, De Nucci G, Antunes E. Inflammatory mechanisms underlying the rat pulmonary neutrophil influx induced by airway exposure to staphylococcal enterotoxin type A. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 146:781-91. [PMID: 16170330 PMCID: PMC1751208 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Association between staphylococcal infection and pathogenesis of upper airways disease has been reported. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the rat pulmonary inflammation induced by airway exposure to staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA). SEA (0.3-10 ng trachea(-1)) caused dose-dependent neutrophil accumulation in BAL fluid, reaching maximal responses at 4 h (25-fold increase for 3 ng trachea(-1)). Significant accumulation of both lymphocytes and macrophages in BAL fluid was also observed at 4 h (2.1- and 1.9-fold increase, respectively, for 3 ng trachea(-1)). At later times (16 h), neutrophil counts in bone marrow (immature forms) and peripheral blood increased by 63 and 81%, respectively. SEA failed to directly induce chemotaxis and adhesion of isolated neutrophils. Analysis of mRNA expression for iNOS, COX-2 and CINC-2 in lung tissue showed an upregulation of these enzymes, which paralleled elevated levels of LTB4, PGE2, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and NO2- in BAL fluid. Expression of CINC-1 was unchanged, whereas CINC-3 was reduced in SEA-treated rats. Incubation of isolated alveolar macrophages with SEA (3 microg ml(-1)) resulted in significant elevations of TNF-alpha and NO2- levels in the cell supernatants. Dexamethasone (0.5 mg kg(-1)), celecoxib (3 mg kg(-1)) and compound 1400 W (5 mg kg(-1)) markedly reduced SEA-induced lung neutrophil influx and NO2- levels in BAL fluid. The lipoxygenase inhibitor AA-861 (100 microg kg(-1)) partly inhibited the neutrophil influx in SEA-treated rats without modifying the NO2- levels. None of these treatments reduced the number of mononuclear cells in BAL fluid (except of dexamethasone, which abolished the increased lymphocyte counts). Our study shows that airways exposure to SEA results in marked neutrophil influx through mechanisms involving increased expressions of CINC-2, iNOS and COX-2, as well as enhanced production of NO, PGE2, LTB4, TNF-alpha and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivani A Desouza
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), PO Box 6111, 13084-971, Campinas (SP), Brazil.
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22
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Moreno AN, Pereira-da-Silva G, Oliver C, Jamur MC, Panunto-Castelo A, Roque-Barreira MC. The macrophage-derived lectin, MNCF, activates neutrophil migration through a pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway. J Histochem Cytochem 2005; 53:715-23. [PMID: 15928320 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.4a6562.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The macrophage-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor (MNCF) is a D-galactose-binding lectin that induces neutrophil migration in vitro and in vivo. Neutrophil recruitment induced by MNCF is resistant to glucocorticoid treatment and is inhibited by the lectin-specific sugar, D-galactose. In the present study, we characterized the binding of MNCF to neutrophils and the responses triggered by this binding. Exposure to MNCF resulted in cell polarization, formation of a lamellipodium, and deep ruffles on the cell surface. By confocal microscopy, we observed that MNCF was evenly distributed on the cell surface after 30 min of incubation. The labeling intensity progressively diminished with longer incubations. Internalization kinetics showed that MNCF/ligand complexes were rapidly internalized, reaching maximum intracellular concentrations at 120 min and then decreased thereafter. The binding and internalization of MNCF were selectively inhibited by D-galactose. MNCF-induced neutrophil chemotaxis was inhibited by pertussis toxin. This fact strongly suggests that the MNCF-ligand on the neutrophil surface is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), similar to receptors for well-established neutrophil attractants. Our observations on the ability of MNCF to activate neutrophils are consistent with the increasing evidence for the participation of animal lectins in the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa N Moreno
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 3900 Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900 Brazil
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23
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Tuckermann JP, Kleiman A, McPherson KG, Reichardt HM. Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoids in the control of inflammation and lymphocyte apoptosis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2005; 42:71-104. [PMID: 15697171 DOI: 10.1080/10408360590888983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The immune system must be tightly controlled not only to guarantee efficient protection from invading pathogens and oncogenic cells but also to avoid exaggerated immune responses and autoimmunity. This is achieved through interactions amongst leukocytes themselves, by signals from stromal cells and also by various hormones, including glucocorticoids. The glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that exert a wide range of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities after binding to the glucocorticoid receptor. The power of these hormones was acknowledged many decades ago, and today synthetic derivatives are widely used in the treatment of inflammatory disorders, autoimmunity and cancer. In this review, we summarize our present knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action, their influence on specific leukocytes and the induction of thymocyte apoptosis, with an emphasis on how molecular genetics has contributed to our growing, although still incomplete, understanding of these processes.
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Silva TA, Lara VS, Silva JS, Oliveira SHP, Butler WT, Cunha FQ. Macrophages and mast cells control the neutrophil migration induced by dentin proteins. J Dent Res 2005; 84:79-83. [PMID: 15615881 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508400114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP), the major dentin proteins, have been shown to induce neutrophil migration through release of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, MIP-2, and KC. However, the sources of these mediators were not determined. Here, the roles of macrophages and mast cells (MC) in dentin-induced neutrophil accumulation were investigated. Peritoneal MC depletion or the enhancement of macrophage population increased DSP- and DPP-induced neutrophil extravasation. Moreover, supernatants from DSP- and DPP-stimulated macrophages caused neutrophil migration. The release of neutrophil chemotactic factor by macrophages was inhibited by dexamethasone or the supernatant of DSP-treated MC. Consistently, dexamethasone and the MC supernatant inhibited the production of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and MIP-2 by macrophages. This inhibitory activity of the DSP-stimulated MC was neutralized by anti-IL-4 and anti-IL-10 antibodies. These results indicate that dentin induces the release of the neutrophil chemotactic substance(s) by macrophages, which are down-modulated by MC-derived IL-4 and IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Silva
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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25
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Ghia JE, Crenner F, Metz-Boutigue MH, Aunis D, Angel F. The effect of a chromogranin A-derived peptide (CgA4-16) in the writhing nociceptive response induced by acetic acid in rats. Life Sci 2004; 75:1787-99. [PMID: 15302224 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2003] [Accepted: 02/25/2004] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The nociceptive effects of i.p administration of a synthetic peptide (CgA4-16) derived from chromogranin A (CgA) were studied on a model of inflammatory (somato-visceral) pain. Inflammatory mediators participate in controlling the activity of enterochromaffin cells that store and release chromogranins. Adult male Wistar rats were injected i.p with diluted acetic acid (AA) to induce abdominal writhes. Pharmacological agents were injected prior to CgA4-16 and/or AA together. While i.p CgA4-16 alone did not produce any effect, the peptide increased the number of abdominal constrictions induced by i.p AA administration in a dose-related manner. To determine the possible mechanisms involved in CgA4-16 produced pronociceptive effect, i.p diltiazem or indomethacin were tested. The pronociceptive effect induced by CgA4-16 was blocked by pretreatment of either substance. I.p administration of CGRP, substance P (SP) or capsaicin evoked dose-related abdominal writhing. CgA4-16, 20 min prior to CGRP or capsaicin, potentiated the nociceptive effects induced by CGRP or capsaicin, but not those induced by SP. Taken together, these data suggest for the first time that a CgA-derived peptide may modulate inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Eric Ghia
- INSERM U575, Hôpital Civil Pavillon Poincaré, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France
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26
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Verri WA, Schivo IRS, Cunha TM, Liew FY, Ferreira SH, Cunha FQ. Interleukin-18 Induces Mechanical Hypernociception in Rats via Endothelin Acting on ETBReceptors in a Morphine-Sensitive Manner. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 310:710-7. [PMID: 15075358 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.063990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 has an important role in the pathogenesis of arthritis, which is accompanied by movement limitation secondary to inflammatory articular nociception. Therefore, we investigated the possible mechanical hypernociceptive effect of IL-18 in rats using the paw constant pressure and the electronic pressure-meter tests. In both tests, intraplantar administration of IL-18 (20-60 ng paw(-1)) caused a dose- and time-dependent mechanical hypernociception, which peaked 3 h and reached control levels 24 h after injection. Pretreatments with indomethacin (2.5 mg kg(-1)), atenolol (1 mg kg(-1)), or 3-[1-(p-chlorobenzyl)-5-(isopropyl)-3-t-butylthioindol-2-yl]-2;2-dimethylpropanoic acid; Na (MK886) (5-lipoxygenase-activating protein inhibitor; 1 mg kg(-1)) did not inhibit IL-18-evoked hypernociception (40 ng paw(-1)), whereas dexamethasone (2 mg kg(-1)) inhibited the process. IL-18-evoked hypernociception was not inhibited by pretreatment with antiserum to rat tumor necrosis factor-alpha (50 microl paw(-1)) or IL-1 receptor antagonist (300 pg paw(-1)). Pretreatment with N-cys-2,6 dimethylpiperidinocarbonyl-l-gamma-methylleucyl-d-1-methoxycarboyl-d-norleucine (BQ788) (ET(B) receptor antagonist; 3-30 nmol paw(-1)), but not with cyclo[(D)Trp-(D)Asp-Pro-(D)Val-Leu] (BQ123) (ET(A) receptor antagonist; 30 nmol paw(-1)), dose dependently inhibited the IL-18-induced hypernociception. Pretreatment with morphine (3-12 microg paw(-1)) also dose-dependently inhibited the IL-18-induced hypernociception. Moreover, endothelin-1-induced mechanical hypernociception also was inhibited by BQ788, but not by BQ123, indomethacin, or atenolol. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that IL-18 is a prohypernociceptive cytokine that induces mechanical hypernociception mediated by endothelin, via ET(B) receptor. Therefore, inhibition of the endothelin ET(B) receptor could be beneficial on controlling inflammatory hypernociception of diseases in which IL-18 plays a role in their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldiceu A Verri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Moreno AN, Jamur MC, Oliver C, Roque-Barreira MC. Mast Cell Degranulation Induced by Lectins: Effect on Neutrophil Recruitment. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2003; 132:221-30. [PMID: 14646383 DOI: 10.1159/000074303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2003] [Accepted: 04/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian lectin macrophage-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor (MNCF) and the plant lectin KM+ were characterized for their ability to activate and degranulate mast cells. The association between mast cell activation and the induction of neutrophil migration was also investigated. Incubation of rat peritoneal mast cells with these lectins resulted in degranulation and mediator release. By confocal microscopy, both lectins were evenly distributed on the cell surface. MNCF activated RBL-2H3 mast cells only if the cells had been sensitized with IgE. KM+ was able to activate either unsensitized or IgE sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. In microplate assays MNCF, but not KM+, bound to rat IgE. In rats that were depleted of mast cells, neutrophil recruitment by MNCF and KM+ were significantly reduced indicating that mast cell activation provides an amplification loop for the neutrophil recruitment induced by these lectins. The present study supports the concept that mammalian lectins play a fundamental role in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Moreno
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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28
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Alencar NMN, Assreuy AMS, Alencar VBM, Melo SC, Ramos MV, Cavada BS, Cunha FQ, Ribeiro RA. The galactose-binding lectin from Vatairea macrocarpa seeds induces in vivo neutrophil migration by indirect mechanism. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2003; 35:1674-81. [PMID: 12962707 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(03)00138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To explore the pathways by which lectins induce an inflammatory response, the lectin from Vatairea macrocarpa (VML) seeds was used to induce neutrophil migration in rats. The lectin was shown to cause cell migration, with the effect partially blocked when galactose was added to inhibit lectin activity. Neutrophil migration was also reduced when peritoneal cavity of the animals was depleted of their resident cells beforehand, suggesting that neutrophil migration was mediated by an indirect mechanism. Pre-treatment of rats with thioglycollate increased recruitment of neutrophils while depletion of mast cells by the addition of compound 48/80 had little effect on neutrophil infiltration, suggesting the involvement of macrophages in the inflammatory process induced by the lectin. Inhibition of the cyclooxigenase, leukotriene and PAF activities by indomethacin, MK886 and BN50730, respectively, did not modify the pro-inflammatory effect previously observed. However, dexamethasone and thalidomide significantly reduced the population of neutrophils in the peritoneal cavity after lectin injection. The present study suggests that the effects produced by a galactose-binding lectin do not involve lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase or PAF mediators that are well known to be involved in the inflammatory process. The blocking actions of dexamethasone and thalidimide suggest that as yet unidentified pro-inflammatory mediators are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nylane M N Alencar
- Departamentos de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60.451-970 Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
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Rosa P, Peiró J, Campebell R, Valadão C, Bechara G. Effects of diclofenac and dexamethasone on horse experimental endotoxemia. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2003. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352003000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifteen healthy Mangalarga horses, aged two to three years were used to evaluate the possible beneficial effects of dexamethasone and sodium diclofenac administration during experimental endotoxemia in horses. They were divided into three groups with five animals each: control (C), sodium diclofenac (SD) and dexamethasone (DM). All groups were given 0.1µg of Escherichia coli O55:B5 endotoxin/kg of body weight, intravenous, over 15 minutes, and one of the following preparations: group C - 20ml of 0.9% saline intravenous, 30 minutes before endoxin infusion; group SD - 2.2mg/kg, per os, 60 minutes before endotoxin infusion and group DM - 1.1 mg/kg, intravenous, 30 minutes before endotoxin infusion. No increase in rectal temperature was observed in the SD or DM treated groups. SD did not prevent the significant leukopenia, neutropenia and lymphopenia induced three hours after LPS injection, but DM attenuated these changes. No significant changes in plasma and peritoneal fluid total protein, inorganic phosphorus or glucose concentrations and in total nucleated cell count in peritoneal fluid were observed. SD was effective to prevent the fever and changes in intestinal borborygmi and DM blocked the cellular changes induced by experimental endotoxemia.
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30
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Assreuy AMS, Alencar NMN, Cavada BS, Rocha-Filho DR, Feitosa RFG, Cunha FQ, Calvete JJ, Ribeiro RA. Porcine spermadhesin PSP-I/PSP-II stimulates macrophages to release a neutrophil chemotactic substance: modulation by mast cells. Biol Reprod 2003; 68:1836-41. [PMID: 12606406 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.013425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex of porcine seminal plasma heterodimers I and II (PSP-I/PSP-II), which are heterodimers of glycosylated spermadhesins, is the major component of porcine seminal fluid. The proinflammatory and immunostimulatory activities of this spermadhesin complex suggest its participation in modulation of the uterine immune activity that may ensure reproductive success. Spermadhesin PSP-I/PSP-II induced the migration of neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity of rats via activation of resident cells. In the present study, we have investigated the involvement of macrophages and mast cells in the neutrophil chemotactic activity of PSP-I/PSP-II and the underlying mechanism. Macrophages and mast cells were isolated, cultured, and stimulated with purified PSP-I/PSP-II. Pharmacological modulation was performed using the glucocorticoid dexamethasone, indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor), MK886 (leukotriene inhibitor), and the supernatant of spermadhesin-stimulated mast cells. Macrophages stimulated with PSP-I/PSP-II released into the culture supernatant a neutrophil chemotactic substance. This activity was partly inhibited by both dexamethasone (85%) and the supernatant of spermadhesin-stimulated mast cells (74%) but not by indomethacin and MK886. An anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha antibody neutralized (by 68%) the neutrophil chemotactic activity of PSP-I/PSP-II-stimulated macrophages. An anti-interleukin (IL)-4 antibody blocked the inhibitory activity of spermadhesin-stimulated mast cells on release of a neutrophil chemotactic substance by PSP-I/PSP-II-stimulated macrophages. As a whole, these data indicate that the neutrophil migration-inducing ability of spermadhesin PSP-I/PSP-II involves the release of the inflammatory cytokine TNFalpha by stimulated macrophages and that this activity is modulated by the lymphokine IL-4 liberated by mast cells. The balance between these two cytokines may control onset of the local inflammatory reaction, avoiding excessive neutrophil recruitment that would lead to tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria S Assreuy
- Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências Fisiológicas-CCS, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
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Desouza IA, Hyslop S, Franco-Penteado CF, Ribeiro-DaSilva G. Evidence for the involvement of a macrophage-derived chemotactic mediator in the neutrophil recruitment induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin B in mice. Toxicon 2002; 40:1709-17. [PMID: 12457883 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(02)00237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus secretes enterotoxins which are superantigens and the major cause of food poisoning in man. Staphylococcal enterotoxins types A and B can induce neutrophil migration into the peritoneal cavity of mice through sensory C-fiber neuropeptides, lipoxygenase or cyclooxygenase metabolites, nitric oxide, histamine, platelet-activating factor and resident macrophages. In this work, we examined the influence of macrophage-derived products on neutrophil migration during peritonitis induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin type B (SEB) in mice. Macrophages stimulated with SEB released a thermolabile neutrophil chemotactic protein with a molecular weight of 1,000-3,000 (by ultrafiltration). This release was inhibited 30% by dexamethasone (an inhibitor of cytokine synthesis and phospholipase A(2) activity), but not by indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor) or BW755C (a dual cyclo- and lipoxygenase inhibitor). Dexamethasone also inhibited (100%) the neutrophil migration induced by the chemotactic protein. Similar inhibition occurred in mice pretreated with BWA4C (lipoxygenase inhibitor; 90%), BW755C (99%), BN52021 (platelet-activating factor-acether receptor antagonist; 93%), cimetidine (histamine H(2) receptor antagonist; 76%), capsaicin (a depletor of sensory C-fiber neuropeptides; 82%) and the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist SR140333 (71%), but not by indomethacin or the neurokinin(2) receptor antagonist SR48968. These results confirm that macrophages are involved in the neutrophil recruitment induced by SEB, and that the chemotactic protein apparently induces neutrophil migration by a mechanism mediated by platelet-activating factor, histamine H(2) receptors, lipoxygenase products and substance P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivani A Desouza
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6111, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Abe M, Kato S, Okayama M, Mitsufuji S, Takeuchi K. Amelioration of caerulein-induced pancreatitis by restraint stress in the rat. Inflammopharmacology 2002. [DOI: 10.1163/156856002321544972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tavares-Murta BM, Zaparoli M, Ferreira RB, Silva-Vergara ML, Oliveira CHB, Murta EFC, Ferreira SH, Cunha FQ. Failure of neutrophil chemotactic function in septic patients. Crit Care Med 2002; 30:1056-61. [PMID: 12006803 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200205000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the in vitro chemotactic function of neutrophils obtained from patients with sepsis. DESIGN Prospective study in which purified neutrophils obtained from septic patients and nonseptic control volunteers were assayed for chemotactic function induced by N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP) and leukotriene B4. The sera nitrate concentrations also were quantified. SETTING University hospital. PATIENTS Twenty patients with sepsis caused by different infectious foci. INTERVENTIONS Routine blood tests, blood or other site cultures, blood collection for neutrophil purification sera collection for nitrate assay. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Neutrophils from septic patients exhibited significantly less chemotactic activity than neutrophils obtained from healthy volunteers, in response to FMLP (93.4 +/- 6.6 vs. 51 +/- 8.3 migrated neutrophils) and leukotriene B4 (90.2 +/- 10 vs. 42.4 +/- 11.6 migrated neutrophils) stimuli, in a microchemotaxis chamber assay. The impaired chemotaxis occurred mainly in neutrophils from nonsurvivor patients. The extent of neutrophil chemotaxis inhibition (survivor/nonsurvivor) was 33.43%/61.67% and 43.4%/86.98%, in response to FMLP and leukotriene B4, respectively. Increased serum nitrate (micromoles of NO2 + NO3) concentrations were detected in septic patients, compared with controls, but no differences were found between survivor (91.84 +/- 14.12) and nonsurvivor (102.6 +/- 17.36) groups. CONCLUSIONS Septic patients present suppressed neutrophil chemotactic responses to FMLP and leukotriene B4 stimuli compared with healthy controls. This is accompanied by increased serum concentrations of nitrate. The impairment of neutrophil chemotaxis was observed mainly in the cells obtained from nonsurvivor patients and may thus be an additional factor contributing to disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz M Tavares-Murta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba-MG, Brazil.
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McFaul SJ, Bowman PD, Villa VM. Hemoglobin stimulates the release of proinflammatory cytokines from leukocytes in whole blood. THE JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE 2000; 135:263-9. [PMID: 10711865 DOI: 10.1067/mlc.2000.105180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Isolated mononuclear leukocytes, when incubated with purified hemoglobin Ao (HbAo), release the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). In this study we examined whether leukocytes in whole blood, when incubated with HbAo, release IL-8, TNF-alpha, and IL-6. Leukocytes in whole blood incubated with HbAo for 4 hours at 37 degrees C, 5% CO2, and 95% humidity released 187, 1313, and 50 pg/mL of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha, respectively, as compared with 6, 192, and 2 pg/mL released by leukocytes in blood incubated with human serum albumin (HSA). Furthermore, plasma from blood incubated with HbAo exhibited chemotactic activity and stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells to become adherent to neutrophils. These activities were 3.3 and 2.6 times those measured in plasma from blood incubated with HSA. Hydrocortisone (0.05 micromol/L to 50 micromol/L) inhibited cytokine release in a dose-dependent manner with ED50 values of 0.23 micromol/L, 0.19 micromol/L, and 0.10 micromol/L for IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha, respectively. The release of proinflammatory cytokines in whole blood after exposure to hemoglobin solutions is consistent with the possibility that an inflammatory reaction could develop on infusion of hemoglobin, whereas inhibition of cytokine release by hydrocortisone suggests that the inclusion of anti-inflammatory compounds in hemoglobin solutions may prevent undesirable effects caused by inflammation after infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J McFaul
- WRAIR Blood Research, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 20307-5100, USA
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Ribeiro RA, Vale ML, Thomazzi SM, Paschoalato AB, Poole S, Ferreira SH, Cunha FQ. Involvement of resident macrophages and mast cells in the writhing nociceptive response induced by zymosan and acetic acid in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 387:111-8. [PMID: 10633169 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Intraperitoneal administration of zymosan and acetic acid induced a dose-dependent nociceptive writhing response in mice. Lavage of the peritoneal cavities with saline reduced the number of total resident peritoneal cells and caused a proportional decrease in the nociceptive responses induced by these stimuli. Furthermore, the specific reduction of the peritoneal mast cell population by intraperitoneal administration of compound 48/80 also reduced the nociceptive responses induced by zymosan and acetic acid. In contrast, enhancement of the peritoneal macrophage population by pretreatment of the cavities with thioglycollate caused an increase in the number of writhes induced by both stimuli. These data suggest that the nociceptive responses induced by zymosan and acetic acid are dependent upon the peritoneal resident macrophages and mast cells. These cells modulate the nociceptive response induced by zymosan and acetic acid via release of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1beta and interleukin 8. This suggestion is supported by the following observations: (a) pretreatment of the peritoneal cavities with antisera against these cytokines reduced the nociceptive responses induced by these stimuli; (b) peritoneal cells harvested from cavities injected with zymosan or acetic acid released both interleukin 1beta and TNF-alpha; (c) although individual injection of TNF-alpha, interleukin 1beta or interleukin 8 did not induce the nociceptive effect, intraperitoneal injection of a mixture of these three recombinant cytokines caused a significant nociceptive writhing response. In conclusion, our results suggest that the nociceptive activity of zymosan and acetic acid in the writhing model is due to the release of TNF-alpha, interleukin 1beta and interleukin 8 by resident peritoneal macrophages and mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
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Sorimachi K, Akimoto K, Hattori Y, Ieiri T, Niwa A. Secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-8 and nitric oxide by macrophages activated with polyanions, and involvement of interferon-gamma in the regulation of cytokine secretion. Cytokine 1999; 11:571-8. [PMID: 10433803 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.1998.0472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
When macrophages derived from rat bone marrow were cultured in the presence of polyanions such as acetyl lignin (EP3), sulfonyl lignin (LS) or dextran sulfate (DS), the cells secreted TNF-alpha, IL-8 and nitric oxide (NO). EP3 had a dose-dependent effect on the secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-8 and NO. EP3 significantly affected secretion at concentrations greater than 5 microg/ml. The EP3 effect was at its maximum between concentrations of 50 and 100 microg/ml. LS and DS induced a slight increase in the secretion of cytokines and NO at a concentration of 100 microg/ml. The use of the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that the increases in cytokine and NO secretion were due to an increase in cytokine mRNAs or NO synthase mRNA. Anti-TNF-alpha antibodies partially inhibited NO secretion by EP3-activated macrophages, although IL-8 secretion was independent of antibody treatment. The secretion of TNF-alpha and NO was also unaffected by the addition of anti-IL-8 antibodies. The addition of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) to the culture medium did not alter TNF-alpha and NO secretion by the EP3-activated macrophages, however, IL-8 secretion was increased when a low concentration of IFN-gamma (0.2 U/ml) was added, but was reduced in the presence of a high concentration of IFN-gamma (2000 U/ml). IFN-gamma produced similar effects on cytokine and NO secretion in macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Therefore, it is concluded that macrophages treated with polyanions secrete cytokines and NO, and that INF-gamma is involved in the regulatory mechanism of cytokine and NO secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sorimachi
- Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
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Tsuji K, Kubota Y, Yamamoto S, Yanagitani K, Amoh Y, Takaoka M, Ogura M, Kin H, Inoue K. Increased neutrophil chemotaxis in obstructive jaundice: an in vitro experiment in rats. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 14:457-63. [PMID: 10355510 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.1999.01880.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes in neutrophil functions in obstructive jaundice have been poorly understood. An in vitro experimental study was performed to evaluate the effect of obstructive jaundice on the functions of macrophages (secretion of neutrophil chemoattractants) and neutrophils (chemotaxis and superoxide anion generation). METHODS Obstructive jaundice was produced in rats by 7 day bile duct ligation. Peripheral neutrophils and peritoneal macrophages were harvested from either normal, sham-ligated or bile duct-ligated rats and supernatants of the monolayers of the respective macrophages were prepared after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. Neutrophil chemotaxis was evaluated with a modified Boyden method. RESULTS The supernatant of the bile duct-ligated rat macrophages showed a chemotactic effect on normal rat neutrophils with insignificant difference from the supernatant of the sham-ligated rat macrophages. Chemotaxis of the bile duct-ligated rat neutrophils towards the supernatant of the normal rat macrophages was significantly increased, compared with that of sham-ligated rat neutrophils. Similarly, neutrophils from bile duct-ligated rats showed significantly greater chemotaxis to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine than the sham-ligated rat neutrophils. Superoxide anion generation in response to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine or phorbol myristate acetate was significantly increased in the bile duct-ligated rats compared with the sham-ligated rats. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the neutrophil is primed in terms of chemotaxis and superoxide anion generation in obstructive jaundice. How these activated neutrophils play a role in the inflammatory response to obstructive jaundice should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tsuji
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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Tavares-Murta BM, Cunha FQ, Ferreira SH. The intravenous administration of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 8 and macrophage-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor inhibits neutrophil migration by stimulating nitric oxide production. Br J Pharmacol 1998; 124:1369-74. [PMID: 9723947 PMCID: PMC1565525 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The i.v. administration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and the recently described macrophage-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor (MNCF) inhibits the recruitment of neutrophils to the inflammatory site. 2. Pretreatment of mice with the NO synthase antagonist, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA, 15-60 mg kg(-1)), but not the inactive enantiomer D-NMMA (30 mg kg(-1)), prevented in a dose-dependent manner the TNF-alpha, IL-8 and MNCF-mediated inhibition of neutrophil migration into thioglycollate-challenged peritoneal cavities. 3. Treatment of the neutrophils with TNFalpha (10(-7) M), IL-8 (10(-7) M) or MNCF blocked their migration towards FMLP in the chemotaxis assay. The pretreatment of the neutrophils with L-NMMA (50-200 microM) prevented in a dose-dependent manner the inhibition of FMLP-induced chemotaxis by IL-8, but did not alter the inhibition caused by TNF-alpha or MNCF. Different concentrations of the NO donors, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) or 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1), did not alter this chemotaxis. 4. Preincubating the neutrophils with L-NMMA (200 microM) significantly increased the TNF-alpha (10(-7) M) and MNCF-mediated neutrophil adhesion to unstimulated endothelial cells, but had no effect on IL-8 (10(-7) M)-mediated adhesion. 5. Although NO donors did not directly affect the mechanisms of neutrophil motility, NO is involved in the in vitro inhibitory action of IL-8 on chemotaxis. The TNF-alpha and MNCF-mediated inhibition of neutrophil migration seems to be indirect, by affecting the mechanisms of adhesion. It was concluded that TNF-alpha-, IL-8- and MNCF-mediated inhibition of neutrophil migration is associated with the stimulation of NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Tavares-Murta
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, USP, SP, Brazil
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Dias-Baruffi M, Pereira-da-Silva G, Jamur MC, Roque-Barreira MC. Heparin potentiates in vivo neutrophil migration induced by IL-8. Glycoconj J 1998; 15:523-6. [PMID: 9881755 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006995222189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine IL-8 attracts neutrophils by a haptotactic gradient, made possible by its interaction with proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix. Heparan sulfate, but not heparin, potentiates the attraction exerted in vitro by IL-8. In the present study we first confirmed this in vitro phenomenon, observing that IL-8 activity was potentiated 100% by heparan sulfate, but not by heparin. Then, we evaluated the interference of heparan sulfate or heparin on in vivo neutrophil migration induced by IL-8. The activity of rat IL-8 (3.5 microg/animal) preincubated with heparan sulfate (50 microg/animal) or heparin (77 microg/animal) was assayed on the rat dorsal air pouch. Contrary to in vitro experiments, heparin, but not heparan sulfate, potentiated the in vivo IL-8 activity two-fold. We investigated the relationship between this observation and that reported by others, that IL-8-induced migration depends on the presence of mast cells, which contain heparin-rich granules. We studied the neutrophil migration induced by IL-8 (3.5 microg/animal) into the rat peritoneal cavity depleted of mast cells. Neutrophil migration was reduced by 32% when compared to that observed in normal animals. The response of depleted rats was reconstituted by preincubation of IL-8 with heparin (77 microg/animal). These data suggest that heparin released from cytoplasmic granules may be the contribution of mast cells to IL-8-induced neutrophil migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Benjamin CF, Figueiredo RC, Henriques MG, Barja-Fidalgo C. Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of soybean agglutinin. Braz J Med Biol Res 1997; 30:873-81. [PMID: 9361712 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x1997000700009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean agglutinin (SBA) lectin, a protein present in raw soybean meals, can bind to and be extensively endocytosed by intestinal epithelial cells, being nutritionally toxic for most animals. In the present study we show that SBA (5-200 micrograms/cavity) injected into different cavities of rats induced a typical inflammatory response characterized by dose-dependent exudation and neutrophil migration 4 h after injection. This effect was blocked by pretreatment with glucocorticoid (0.5 mg/kg) or by co-injection of N-acetyl-galactosamine (100 x [M] lectin), but not of other sugars (100 x [M] lectin), suggesting an inflammatory response related to the lectin activity. Neutrophil accumulation was not dependent on a direct effect of SBA on the macrophage population since the effect was not altered when the number of peritoneal cells was increased or decreased in vivo. On the other hand, SBA showed chemotactic activity for human neutrophils in vitro. A slight increase in mononuclear cells was observed 48 h after i.p. injection of SBA. Phenotypic analysis of these cells showed an increase in the CD4+/CD8- lymphocyte population that returned to control levels after 15 days, suggesting the development of an immune response. SBA-stimulated macrophages presented an increase in the expression of CD11/CD18 surface molecules and showed some characteristics of activated cells. After intravenous administration, SBA increased the number of circulating neutrophils and inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the neutrophil migration induced by i.p. injection of carrageenan into peritoneal cavities. The co-injection of N-acetyl-galactosamine or mannose, but not glucose or fucose, inhibited these effects. The data indicate that soybean lectin is able to induce a local inflammatory reaction but has an anti-inflammatory effect when present in circulating blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Benjamin
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Rocha MF, Maia ME, Bezerra LR, Lyerly DM, Guerrant RL, Ribeiro RA, Lima AA. Clostridium difficile toxin A induces the release of neutrophil chemotactic factors from rat peritoneal macrophages: role of interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and leukotrienes. Infect Immun 1997; 65:2740-6. [PMID: 9199444 PMCID: PMC175386 DOI: 10.1128/iai.65.7.2740-2746.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile produces a potent enterotoxin and cytotoxin, toxins A and B, respectively, which appear to be responsible for pseudomenbranous colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. In the present study we explored the neutrophil migration evoked by toxin A in the peritoneal cavities and subcutaneous air pouches of rats and examined the role of macrophages and their inflammatory mediators in this process. Toxin A causes a significant dose-dependent neutrophil influx into the peritoneal cavity, with a maximal response at 0.1 microg/ml and at 4 h. The depletion of macrophages by peritoneal washing prevents the toxin A-induced neutrophil migration into the peritoneal cavity. In contrast, an increase in macrophages induced by peritoneal injection of thioglycolate amplifies this toxin effect on neutrophil migration. Furthermore, the injection of supernatants from toxin A-stimulated macrophages into the rat peritoneal cavity causes significant neutrophil migration. Pretreatment of rats with BWA4C, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, mepacrine, or dexamethasone inhibits the neutrophil migration evoked by toxin A in the peritoneal cavities. However, pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin or the platelet-activating factor antagonist BN52021 fails to alter toxin A-induced neutrophil migration. Toxin A was also injected into air pouches of normal rats or rats pretreated with anti-interleukin-1beta (anti-IL-1beta) or anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-alpha) antibodies. Anti-TNF-alpha or anti-IL-1beta antibodies significantly reduce the neutrophil migration induced by toxin A. These data suggest that neutrophil migration evoked by toxin A is in part dependent on macrophage-derived cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, and leukotrienes. These mediators may help to explain the intense inflammatory colitis caused by C. dificile toxin A in an experimental animal model of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Rocha
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
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Abstract
Neutrophils are important cellular mediators in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Interleukin (IL)8, a powerful neutrophil chemoattractant, is found in increased quantities in inflamed mucosa, but the cells of origin are uncertain. IL8 gene expression was studied by in situ hybridisation in uninflamed intestinal tissue resected for colon carcinoma (n = 7) and in inflamed colonic tissue resected for IBD (n = 11). Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the phenotype of IL8 expressing macrophages and the production of IL8 protein. Macrophages isolated from intestinal resections and lipopolysaccharide stimulated peripheral blood monocytes treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid, hydrocortisone, and cyclosporin A were examined for IL8 mRNA by northern blotting and IL8 secretion by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In all cases IL8 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridisation in macrophages and neutrophils adjacent to ulceration in inflamed bowel, but not detected in uninflamed mucosa from carcinoma resections. Recently recruited CD14 positive macrophages were responsible for some of this IL8 expression. IL8 protein was present in the same distribution as mRNA. Epithelial cells in normal and inflamed tissue showed neither mRNA nor protein. IL8 mRNA was expressed significantly more commonly by macrophages from IBD affected than from normal mucosa, and IL8 secretion by IBD but not normal colon macrophages was augmented significantly by lipopolysaccharide treatment. IL8 expression and production by lipopolysaccharide treated blood monocytes was inhibited by the therapeutic agents tested. These results show that neutrophils and recently recruited macrophages are responsible for production of IL8 in IBD, suggesting a mechanism for a continuing cycle of neutrophil attraction. Agents used therapeutically in these diseases may be effective in part by disrupting this cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Grimm
- Division of Molecular Medicine, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Ribeiro RA, Flores CA, Cunha FQ, Ferreira SH, De Lucca FL. Partial characterization of the RNA from LPS-stimulated macrophages that induces the release of chemotactic cytokines by resident macrophages. Mol Cell Biochem 1995; 148:105-13. [PMID: 8594414 DOI: 10.1007/bf00928147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that exogenous RNA is incorporated into eukaryotic cells and is able to exert various biological responses. Little, however, is known about the effects of such RNA on macrophages. In this study, we demonstrate that RNA extracted from macrophages stimulated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), referred to as L-RNA, in contrast to RNA from non-stimulated macrophages (N-RNA), induces the release of a macrophage-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor (MNCF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) from macrophage monolayers. The effect of L-RNA was dependent of the integrity of the polynucleotide chain and was not due to LPS contamination since its ability to induce MNCF and IL-8 release was strongly reduced by RNase but was not affected by DNase or polymyxin B. The poly A(+)L-RNA and poly A(-)L-RNA fractions were able to induce the release of MNCF and IL-8, indicating that the L-RNA could be acting at transcriptional and translational levels. The demonstration that actinomycin-D and cycloheximide inhibited the release of MNCF and IL-8 by L-RNA-stimulated macrophages confirms this assumption. Fractionation of the total L-RNA by centrifugation on a 5-20% sucrose gradient showed that the L-RNA which sediments in the 4-5S region of the gradient is the only fraction capable of inducing the release of MNCF from naive macrophages. We have previously shown that macrophage monolayers stimulated with interleukin-1 beta or LPS release a low molecular RNA which also sediments in the same 4-5S region. Taken together, these results support our proposal that resident macrophages, when activated by injurious stimuli, in addition to secreting cytokines, also release a low molecular weight (4-5S) RNA which may act on the surrounding macrophages to further stimulate the release of cytokines. This process would amplify the inflammatory response and would increase the mechanisms involved in the defense response or tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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de Melo AL, Hermeto MV, Bicalho RS, Vargas AP, Favaretto FJ, Pereira LH. Schistosoma mansoni: the effect of dexamethasone on the cercaria-schistosomulum transformation, in vivo. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1994; 36:89-93. [PMID: 7997780 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651994000100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with dexamethasone (DMS) in the early phases of the experimental Schistosoma mansoni infection causes an indirect effect on the cercaria-schistosomulum transformation process. This is observed when naive albino mice are treated with that drug (50 mg/Kg, subcutaneously) and infected intraperitoneally 01 hour later with about 500 S. mansoni cercariae (LE strain). An inhibition in the host cell adhesion to the larvae, with a simultaneous delay in the cercaria-schistosomulum transformation, is observed. This effect is probably due to a blockade of the neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity of mice, by an impairment of the release of chemotactic substances. Such delay probably favors the killing of S. mansoni larvae, still in the transformation process, by the vertebrate host defenses, as the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L de Melo
- Grupo Interdepartamental de Estudos sobre Esquistossomose/Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
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Cunha FQ, Boukili MA, da Motta JI, Vargaftig BB, Ferreira SH. Blockade by fenspiride of endotoxin-induced neutrophil migration in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 1993; 238:47-52. [PMID: 8104802 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(93)90503-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fenspiride, an antiinflammatory drug with low anti-cyclooxygenase activity, administered orally at 60-200 mg/kg inhibited neutrophil migration into peritoneal and air pouches cavities as well as exudation into peritoneal cavities induced by endotoxin but not induced by carrageenin. Up to 100 microM, fenspiride failed to inhibit the in vitro release of a neutrophil chemotactic activity by endotoxin-stimulated macrophages and the in vivo migration into the peritoneal cavities induced by the supernatant of those macrophages. The release of tumour necrosis factor by stimulated macrophages was inhibited by fenspiride in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the antiinflammatory effects of fenspiride are associated with the inhibition of the tumour necrosis factor release by resident macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Q Cunha
- Departmento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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46
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Bewig B, Barth J. Inhibitory effects of inhaled flunisolide on inflammatory functions of alveolar macrophages. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1993; 44:541-4. [PMID: 8405009 DOI: 10.1007/bf02440855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We have studied 15 patients with slight or moderate bronchial obstruction, all of whom were being treated by inhalation of the beta-mimetic fenoterol 4 x 400 micrograms/day, and 7 of whom were also receiving inhaled flunisolide 2 x 500 micrograms/day. The therapy had been given for longer than 1 month in each case. Bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was done for diagnosis or follow up of bronchial diseases. None of the patients showed signs of any interstitial lung disease. Conditioned culture supernatants were produced by cultivating alveolar macrophages (AM) for 24 h using standard conditions. To detect all the biological effects both of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta in the culture supernatants a modification of the standard mouse IL-1 thymocyte bioassay was used. The TNF concentration in culture supernatants was measured by ELISA. Free oxygen radical release by alveolar macrophages was determined by the detection of chemiluminescence. Both IL-1 and TNF production were significantly lower in patients receiving fenoterol plus flunisolide than in patients on fenoterol alone. In contrast, no difference could be observed in the release of free oxygen radicals from alveolar macrophages. Thus, for the first time an ex vivo study has revealed an interrelation between inhaled glucocorticoid therapy and inhibition of important mediators of inflammatory processes in the lower respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bewig
- Klinik für Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Germany
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47
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Dias-Baruffi M, Cunha FQ, Ferreira SH, Roque-Barreira MC. Macrophage-released neutrophil chemotactic factor (MNCF) induces PMN-neutrophil migration through lectin-like activity. AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1993; 38 Spec No:C54-6. [PMID: 8317322 DOI: 10.1007/bf01991135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that rat peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS release a factor (MNCF) which induces neutrophil migration that is not blocked by glucocorticoids. The supernatant of macrophage monolayers stimulated with LPS was submitted to affinity chromatography on immobilized sugar columns. We observed that the D-gal binding fraction retained MNCF activity. This fraction, consisting of four protein components, was submitted to chromatography on Superdex 75, yielding a homogeneous preparation of the active component. MNCF has a MW of 54 KDa (gel filtration and SDS-PAGE) and pI < 4.0 (isoelectrofocusing and chromatofocusing). D-gal did not interfere with the behaviour of known interleukins (IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 TNF-alpha), but blocked MNCF activity in an in vitro migration assay. The present results reinforce our previous suggestion that MNCF may correspond to a novel monokine which induces neutrophil migration through a direct mechanism involving the D-gal binding site of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto São Paulo, Brazil
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48
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Benjamin CF, Carlini CR, Barja-Fidalgo C. Pharmacological characterization of rat paw edema induced by canatoxin, the toxic protein from Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) seeds. Toxicon 1992; 30:879-85. [PMID: 1523679 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(92)90386-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intraplantar injection of canatoxin (CNTX) induced a dose-dependent rat hind-paw edema which was distinguished by two phases. In the first phase, observed between 0 and 2 hr after CNTX injection, there was an increase in paw volume, with no apparent involvement of inflammatory phagocytic cells. The second phase, beginning at about the 3rd hr, was characterized by an intense cellular infiltration at the site of administration which was coincident with a further increase in paw swelling. The edema was maximum at 6 hr after injection and disappeared within 48 hr at doses of 50-100 micrograms, while at doses of 200-300 micrograms edema was present in excess of 48 hr. The pharmacological studies suggested that CNTX-induced edema is a multi-mediated phenomenon. Histamine, serotonin, PAF and prostaglandins are likely involved in the first phase. Lipoxygenase metabolites, probably leukotrienes, seem to play a major role in the second phase, and may account for the development of cellular infiltration in the inflammatory site.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Benjamin
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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49
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Barja-Fidalgo C, Carlini CR, Guimarães JA, Flores CA, Cunha FQ, Ferreira SH. Role of resident macrophages in canatoxin-induced in vivo neutrophil migration. Inflammation 1992; 16:1-12. [PMID: 1544678 DOI: 10.1007/bf00917510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Canatoxin (Cntx), a toxic protein purified from Canavalia ensiformis seeds, was shown to have lipoxygenase-mediated effects either in vivo or in vitro. Data here show that Cntx induced a dose-dependent migration of neutrophils and mononuclear cells when injected into rat peritoneal cavities. Furthermore, Cntx was able to induce neutrophil migration into pleural cavities and into air pouches. These effects were inhibited by dexamethasone but not by inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism (indomethacin, NDGA, and BW-755c) or by a PAF antagonist (BN 52021). In the peritoneal cavity Cntx caused an increase in vascular permeability inhibited by dexamethasone and BW-755c. Neutrophil migration induced by this toxin was dependent on the number of resident macrophages, since the migratory effect was enhanced by increasing the peritoneal macrophage population with thioglycollate pretreatment and was diminished when this population was reduced by peritoneal wash. It was also observed that Cntx induced release of a chemotactic factor from macrophage monolayers in vitro. Dexamethasone blocked this release but did not affect in vivo neutrophil recruitment induced by that factor. These data suggest that Cntx-induced neutrophil migration may be mediated by the same macrophage-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor released by other stimuli such as LPS, IL-1, and INF-gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Barja-Fidalgo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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50
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Abstract
Inhibitory effect upon neutrophil migration to the inflammatory focus was previously detected in the cell-free incubation fluid of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage monolayers. In the present study we showed that the neutrophil recruitment inhibitory activity from this supernatant was mainly detected in a fraction (P2) obtained by gel filtration chromatography on Sephacryl S-300. P2 fraction was able to inhibit 'in vivo' neutrophil emigration induced by different inflammatory stimuli, but it did not affect 'in vitro' neutrophil chemotaxis induced by FMLP. When injected intravenously, P2 inhibited oedema induced by carrageenin or immunological stimulus but not the oedema induced by dextran, thus affecting cell-dependent inflammatory responses. It was observed that P2 also induced neutrophil migration when injected locally in peritoneal cavities. This activity was significantly reduced by pretreatment of the animals with dexamethasone. Cytokines, such as IL-8 and TNF-alpha that are known to exhibit inhibitory effect upon neutrophil migration, were not detected in P2 fraction by highly sensitive assays. Overall the results suggest the existence of a novel cytokine exhibiting 'in vivo' neutrophil inhibitory activity, referred as NRIF.
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