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Manku G, Wang Y, Merkbaoui V, Boisvert A, Ye X, Blonder J, Culty M. Role of retinoic acid and platelet-derived growth factor receptor cross talk in the regulation of neonatal gonocyte and embryonal carcinoma cell differentiation. Endocrinology 2015; 156:346-59. [PMID: 25380237 PMCID: PMC5393322 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal gonocytes are direct precursors of spermatogonial stem cells, the cell pool that supports spermatogenesis. Although unipotent in vivo, gonocytes express pluripotency genes common with embryonic stem cells. Previously, we found that all-trans retinoic acid (RA) induced the expression of differentiation markers and a truncated form of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)β in rat gonocytes, as well as in F9 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells, an embryonic stem cell-surrogate that expresses somatic lineage markers in response to RA. The present study is focused on identifying the signaling pathways involved in RA-induced gonocyte and F9 cell differentiation. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) 1/2 activation was required during F9 cell differentiation towards somatic lineage, whereas its inhibition potentiated RA-induced Stra8 expression, suggesting that MEK1/2 acts as a lineage specification switch in F9 cells. In both cell types, RA increased the expression of the spermatogonial/premeiotic marker Stra8, which is in line with F9 cells being at a stage before somatic-germline lineage specification. Inhibiting PDGFR kinase activity reduced RA-induced Stra8 expression. Interestingly, RA increased the expression of PDGFRα variant forms in both cell types. Together, these results suggest a potential cross talk between RA and PDGFR signaling pathways in cell differentiation. RA receptor-α inhibition partially reduced RA effects on Stra8 in gonocytes, indicating that RA acts in part via RA receptor-α. RA-induced gonocyte differentiation was significantly reduced by inhibiting SRC (v-src avian sarcoma [Schmidt-Ruppin A-2] viral oncogene) and JAK2/STAT5 (Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5) activities, implying that these signaling molecules play a role in gonocyte differentiation. These results suggest that gonocyte and F9 cell differentiation is regulated via cross talk between RA and PDGFRs using different downstream pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Manku
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (G.M., V.M., A.B., M.C.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G1A4; Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (G.M., M.C.) Medicine (M.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G1A4; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology (Y.W.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057; and Protein Characterization Laboratory (X.Y., J.B.), Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702
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2
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Endothelin-1 activates extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 via transactivation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor in rat L6 myoblasts. Life Sci 2014; 104:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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3
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Abstract
Infantile hemangioma is a vascular tumor that exhibits a unique natural cycle of rapid growth followed by involution. Previously, we have shown that hemangiomas arise from CD133+ stem cells that differentiate into endothelial cells when implanted in immunodeficient mice. The same clonally expanded stem cells also produced adipocytes, thus recapitulating the involuting phase of hemangioma. In the present study, we have elucidated the intrinsic mechanisms of adipocyte differentiation using hemangioma-derived stem cells (hemSCs). We found that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is elevated during the proliferating phase and may inhibit adipocyte differentiation. hemSCs expressed high levels of PDGF-B and showed sustained tyrosine phosphorylation of PDGF receptors under basal (unstimulated) conditions. Inhibition of PDGF receptor signaling caused enhanced adipogenesis in hemSCs. Furthermore, exposure of hemSCs to exogenous PDGF-BB reduced the fat content and the expression of adipocyte-specific transcription factors. We also show that these autogenous inhibitory effects are mediated by PDGF receptor-β signaling. In summary, this study identifies PDGF signaling as an intrinsic negative regulator of hemangioma involution and highlights the therapeutic potential of disrupting PDGF signaling for the treatment of hemangiomas.
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Thuillier R, Mazer M, Manku G, Boisvert A, Wang Y, Culty M. Interdependence of platelet-derived growth factor and estrogen-signaling pathways in inducing neonatal rat testicular gonocytes proliferation. Biol Reprod 2010; 82:825-36. [PMID: 20089883 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.081729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously found that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and 17beta-estradiol stimulate gonocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent, nonadditive manner. In the present study, we report that gonocytes express RAF1, MAP2K1, and MAPK1/3. Inhibition of RAF1 and MAP2K1/2, but not phosphoinositide-3-kinase, blocked PDGF-induced proliferation. AG-370, an inhibitor of PDGF receptor kinase activity, suppressed not only PDGF-induced proliferation but also that induced by 17beta-estradiol. In addition, RAF1 and MAP2K1/2 inhibitors blocked 17beta-estradiol-activated proliferation. The estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182780 inhibited both the effects of 17beta-estradiol and PDGF. PDGF lost its stimulatory effect when steroid-depleted serum or no serum was used. Similarly, 17beta-estradiol did not induce gonocyte proliferation in the absence of PDGF. The xenoestrogens genistein, bisphenol A, and DES, but not coumestrol, stimulated gonocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent and PDGF-dependent manner similarly to 17beta-estradiol. Their effects were blocked by ICI 182780, suggesting that they act via the estrogen receptor. AG-370 blocked genistein and bisphenol A effects, demonstrating their requirement of PDGF receptor activation in a manner similar to 17beta-estradiol. These results demonstrate the interdependence of PDGF and estrogen pathways in stimulating in vitro gonocyte proliferation, suggesting that this critical step in gonocyte development might be regulated in vivo by the coordinated action of PDGF and estrogen. Thus, the inappropriate exposure of gonocytes to xenoestrogens might disrupt the crosstalk between the two pathways and potentially interfere with gonocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Thuillier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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5
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Fry DW. Protein tyrosine kinases as therapeutic targets in cancer chemotherapy and recent advances in the development of new inhibitors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.3.6.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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6
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Barco R, Hunt LB, Frump AL, Garcia CB, Benesh A, Caldwell RL, Eid JE. The synovial sarcoma SYT-SSX2 oncogene remodels the cytoskeleton through activation of the ephrin pathway. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:4003-12. [PMID: 17686994 PMCID: PMC1995716 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-05-0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is a soft tissue cancer associated with a recurrent t(X:18) translocation that generates one of two fusion proteins, SYT-SSX1 or SYT-SSX2. In this study, we demonstrate that SYT-SSX2 is a unique oncogene. Rather than confer enhanced proliferation on its target cells, SYT-SSX2 instead causes a profound alteration of their architecture. This aberrant morphology included elongation of the cell body and formation of neurite-like extensions. We also observed that cells transduced with SYT-SSX2 often repulsed one another. Notably, cell repulsion is a known component of ephrin signaling. Further analysis of SYT-SSX2-infected cells revealed significant increases in the expression and activation of Eph/ephrin pathway components. On blockade of EphB2 signaling SYT-SSX2 infectants demonstrated significant reversion of the aberrant cytoskeletal phenotype. In addition, we discovered, in parallel, that SYT-SSX2 induced stabilization of the microtubule network accompanied by accumulation of detyrosinated Glu tubulin and nocodazole resistance. Glu tubulin regulation was independent of ephrin signaling. The clinical relevance of these studies was confirmed by abundant expression of both EphB2 and Glu tubulin in SYT-SSX2-positive synovial sarcoma tissues. These results indicate that SYT-SSX2 exerts part of its oncogenic effect by altering cytoskeletal architecture in an Eph-dependent manner and cytoskeletal stability through a concurrent and distinct pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert L. Caldwell
- Vanderbilt Orthopedic Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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Plouffe B, Guimond MO, Beaudry H, Gallo-Payet N. Role of tyrosine kinase receptors in angiotensin II AT2 receptor signaling: involvement in neurite outgrowth and in p42/p44mapk activation in NG108-15 cells. Endocrinology 2006; 147:4646-54. [PMID: 16809450 DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NG108-15 cells, which have a rounding-up morphology when cultured in serum-supplemented medium, extend neurites when stimulated for 3 d with angiotensin II (Ang II). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether growth factor receptors are necessary for mediating the effects of Ang II. A 3-d treatment with AG879, an inhibitor of nerve growth factor receptor TrkA, strongly affected neurite outgrowth and phosphorylation of p42/p44(mapk) induced by Ang II. PD168393, an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor slightly decreased Ang II-induced neurite outgrowth, whereas AG213, an inhibitor of both platelet-derived growth factor receptor and EGF receptor, stimulated neurite outgrowth and p42/p44(mapk) phosphorylation on its own, without affecting further stimulation with Ang II. Moreover, Ang II induced the phosphorylation of TrkA (maximum at 5 min of incubation in the presence of serum or at 20 min in cells depleted in serum for 2 h) and a rapid increase in Rap1 activity, both effects abolished in cells preincubated with 10 microm AG879. In summary, the present results demonstrate that AT(2) receptor-induced sustained activation of p42/p44(mapk) and corresponding neurite outgrowth are mediated by phosphorylation of the nerve growth factor TrkA receptor. However, the results also point out that the presence of other growth factors, such as EGF or PDFG, may interfere with the effect of Ang II. Altogether, the current findings clearly indicate that the effects of the AT(2) receptor on neurite outgrowth dynamics are modulated by the presence of growth factors in the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Plouffe
- Service of Endocrinology, and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
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8
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Welsh M, Welsh C, Ekman M, Dixelius J, Hägerkvist R, Annerén C, Akerblom B, Mahboobi S, Chandrasekharan S, Liu ET. The tyrosine kinase FRK/RAK participates in cytokine-induced islet cell cytotoxicity. Biochem J 2005; 382:261-8. [PMID: 15186217 PMCID: PMC1133939 DOI: 10.1042/bj20040285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2004] [Revised: 05/24/2004] [Accepted: 06/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hallmarks of the inflammatory process in Type I diabetes are macrophage activation, local release of beta-cell-toxic cytokines and infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We have observed recently that mice overexpressing active FRK (fyn-related kinase)/RAK (previously named GTK/Bsk/IYK, where GTK stands for gut tyrosine kinase, Bsk for beta-cell Src-homology kinase and IYK for intestinal tyrosine kinase) in beta-cells exhibit increased susceptibility to beta-cell-toxic events, and therefore, we now attempt to find a more precise role for FRK/RAK in these processes. Phosphopeptide mapping of baculovirus-produced mouse FRK/RAK revealed an autophosphorylation pattern compatible with Tyr-394 being the main site. No evidence for in vitro phosphorylation of the C-terminal regulatory sites Tyr-497 and Tyr-504 was obtained, nor was there any indication of in vitro regulation of FRK/RAK kinase activity. Screening a panel of known tyrosine kinase inhibitors for their ability to inhibit FRK/RAK revealed several compounds that inhibited FRK/RAK, with a potency similar to that reported for their ability to inhibit other tyrosine kinases. Cytokine-induced islet toxicity was reduced in islets isolated from FRK/RAK knockout mice and this occurred without effects on the production of nitric oxide. Addition of the nitric oxide inhibitor nitroarginine to FRK/RAK knockout islets exposed to cytokines decreased cell death to a basal level. In normal islets, cytokine-induced cell death was inhibited by the addition of two FRK/RAK inhibitors, SU4984 and D-65495, or by transfection with short interfering RNA against FRK/RAK. It is concluded that FRK/RAK contributes to cytokine-induced beta-cell death, and inhibition of this kinase could provide means to suppress beta-cell destruction in Type I diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Welsh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden.
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9
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Abstract
PDGF and its receptors are involved in a variety of diseases: cancers, atherosclerosis, balloon injury induced restenosis, pulmonary fibrosis and more. In all cases enhanced signaling of the receptor is the hallmark. In some cases, like chronic monomyelocytic leukemia (CMML), the persistent PDGFR signaling is essential for the survival of the cancer cell. These findings induced the research community as well as the pharmaceutical industry to develop agents that block PDGFR signaling. The possible utilization of PDGFR kinase inhibitors as anti-restenosis agents is likely to move ahead of the utilization of these agents to treat human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Levitzki
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
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10
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Abstract
Most of the signal transduction pathways are mediated by protein kinases regulating every aspect of cell function. Mutations which deregulate their expression or their function or both result in cancers. Therefore, protein kinase inhibitors has become the focus of development of new therapies for cancer. Almost all 120 protein tyrosine kinases are involved in signaling, whereas only a handful of Ser/Thr kinases are involved. Thus, most of the effort is directed toward the development of tyrosine phosphorylation inhibitors. The success of Gleevec in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia and of Iressa for lung cancer validates the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Levitzki
- Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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11
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Uren A, Merchant MS, Sun CJ, Vitolo MI, Sun Y, Tsokos M, Illei PB, Ladanyi M, Passaniti A, Mackall C, Toretsky JA. Beta-platelet-derived growth factor receptor mediates motility and growth of Ewing's sarcoma cells. Oncogene 2003; 22:2334-42. [PMID: 12700668 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) contain a translocation, t(11;22), which results in the novel oncogenic fusion protein EWS/FLI1. Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) and their receptors (PDGFR) are involved in the induction and proliferation of numerous solid tumors and are the potential candidates for novel targeted antitumor therapy. Since a relation was reported between PDGF-C and EWS/FLI1, we sought to characterize the PDGF signaling pathway in ESFT. Eight out of nine ESFT cell lines were found to express significant levels of beta-PDGFR. Interestingly, none of the tested cell lines expressed alpha-PDGFR, which is the receptor isotype required for PDGF-C binding. By immunohistochemical staining 47 of 52 (90.4%) archival tumor samples from patients with ESFT were positive for beta-PDGFR. ESFT cell lines were treated with PDGF-AA or PDGF-BB ligands to evaluate downstream signaling. Autophosphorylation of beta-PDGFR and tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma, PI3Kp85 and Shc were detected only in PDGF-BB-stimulated cells that express beta-PDGFR. Receptor function was further evaluated using chemotaxis assays that showed TC-32 cell migration towards PDGF-BB. A specific PDGFR kinase inhibitor AG1295 blocked beta-PDGFR activation, downstream signaling, growth in cell culture and chemotaxis of TC-32 cells. AG1295 also delayed tumor formation and prolonged survival in an ESFT animal model. We conclude that ESFT express beta-PDGFR and that this is a functional and potentially crucial signaling pathway. Therefore, beta-PDGFRs may provide a novel therapeutic target in ESFT that can be utilized to design better treatment modalities.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Becaplermin
- Bone Neoplasms/metabolism
- Bone Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Chemotaxis/drug effects
- Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase
- Disease Progression
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Humans
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phospholipase C gamma
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/drug effects
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/physiology
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Sarcoma, Ewing/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Ewing/pathology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/cytology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Type C Phospholipases/metabolism
- Tyrphostins/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uren
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetowm University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057-1469, USA.
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12
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Smith-Mungo L, Kagan HM. PKC-MEK-MAPK-dependent signal transduction pathway mediates the stimulation of lysyl oxidase expression by serum and PDGF in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. J Cell Biochem 2002; 85:775-84. [PMID: 11968017 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.10181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LO) plays a critical role in the stabilization and insolubilization of fibrous structural proteins of the extracellular matrix and has been implicated in the suppression of Ras-induced tumorigenesis. Several prior reports demonstrate that the expression of this catalyst is strongly influenced by a variety of effectors of cell function and is responsive to the growth state of fibrogenic cells. Using specific inhibitors of components of signal transduction pathways, the present study reveals that a PKC-MEK-MAPK-dependent pathway is critical to the enhanced expression of the LO gene in response to variations in the levels of the serum component of the growth medium and in response to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). PDGF is shown to be the major component of fetal bovine serum, which stimulates the activity of a LO promoter construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Smith-Mungo
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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13
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Burstyn-Cohen T, Kalcheim C. Association between the cell cycle and neural crest delamination through specific regulation of G1/S transition. Dev Cell 2002; 3:383-95. [PMID: 12361601 DOI: 10.1016/s1534-5807(02)00221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Delamination of premigratory neural crest cells from the dorsal neural tube depends both upon environmental signals and cell-intrinsic mechanisms and is a prerequisite for cells to engage in migration. Here we show that avian neural crest cells synchronously emigrate from the neural tube in the S phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, specific inhibition of the transition from G1 to S both in ovo and in explants blocks delamination, whereas arrest at the S or G2 phases has no immediate effect. Thus, the events taking place during G1 that control the transition from G1 to S are necessary for the epithelial to mesenchymal conversion of crest precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Burstyn-Cohen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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14
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Tse KF, Novelli E, Civin CI, Bohmer FD, Small D. Inhibition of FLT3-mediated transformation by use of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Leukemia 2001; 15:1001-10. [PMID: 11455967 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
FLT3 is a member of the type III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. These receptors all contain an intrinsic tyrosine kinase domain that is critical to signaling. Aberrant expression of the FLT3 gene has been documented in both adult and childhood leukemias including AML, ALL and CML. In addition, 17-27% of pediatric and adult patients with AML have small internal tandem duplication mutations in FLT3. Patients expressing the mutant form of the receptor have been shown to have a decreased chance for cure. Our previous study, using a constitutively activated FLT3, demonstrated transformation of Ba/F3 cells and leukemic development in an animal model. Thus, there is accumulating evidence for a role for FLT3 in human leukemias. This has prompted us to search for inhibitors of FLT3 as a possible therapeutic approach in these patients. AG1296 is a compound of the tyrphostin class that is known to selectively inhibit the tyrosine kinase activity of the PDGF and KIT receptors. Since FLT3 is a close relative of KIT, we wanted to test the possible inhibitory activity of AG1296 on FLT3. In transfected Ba/F3 cells, AG1296 selectively and potently inhibited autophosphorylation of FL-stimulated wild-type and constitutively activated FLT3. Treatment by AG1296 abolished IL-3-independent proliferation of Ba/F3 cells expressing the constitutively activated FLT3 and thus, reversed the transformation mediated by activated FLT3. Inhibition of FLT3 activity by AG1296 in cells transformed by activated FLT3 resulted in apoptotic cell death, with no deleterious effect on their parental counterparts. Addition of IL-3 rescued the growth of cells expressing activated FLT3 in the presence of AG1296. This demonstrates that the inhibition is specific to the FLT3 pathway in that it leaves the kinases of the IL-3 pathway and other kinases further downstream involved in proliferation intact. Several proteins phosphorylated by the activated FLT3 signaling pathway, including STAT 5A, STAT 5B and CBL, were no longer phosphorylated when these cells were treated with AG1296. The activity against FLT3 suggests a potential therapeutic application for AG1296 or similar drugs in the treatment of leukemias involving deregulated FLT3 tyrosine kinase activity and as a tool for studying the biology of FLT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Tse
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Drummond MW, Holyoake TL. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia: so far so good? Blood Rev 2001; 15:85-95. [PMID: 11409908 DOI: 10.1054/blre.2001.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is characterized by marked expansion of the myeloid series, and is thought to arise as a direct result of the bcr-abl fusion-gene. The BCR-ABL oncoprotein is a constitutively active protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), which results in altered cell signalling and is responsible for the changes that characterize the malignant cells of CML. It has been shown that the increased tyrosine kinase activity of BCR-ABL is a requirement for transformation and is, therefore, a legitimate target for pharmacological inhibition. Several compounds have now been identified as relatively selective inhibitors of BCR-ABL, including members of the tyrphostin family, herbimycin A and most importantly the 2-phenylaminopyrimidine ST1571. Having established the efficacy of this agent in vitro, phase I trials using an oral formulation were commenced in the USA in mid 1998. Early data from an interferon-alpha (IFN) resistant/refractory or intolerant cohort demonstrated good patient tolerance and effective haematological control at doses above 300 mg. More promising was its ability to induce cytogenetic responses in this pretreated group of patients. Phase II data, albeit far from complete, appear to confirm its efficacy even in the context of advanced disease and phase III clinical trials are currently underway in many countries. Recent laboratory evidence, however, suggests that the development of drug resistance is a possibility (via amplification of the bcr-abl fusion gene, overexpression of P-glycoprotein or binding of ST1571 to alpha1 acid glycoprotein) and that combination therapy including ST1571 should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Drummond
- Academic Transfusion Medicine Unit, University Department of Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.
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16
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Gozal D, Simakajornboon N, Czapla MA, Xue YD, Gozal E, Vlasic V, Lasky JA, Liu JY. Brainstem activation of platelet-derived growth factor-beta receptor modulates the late phase of the hypoxic ventilatory response. J Neurochem 2000; 74:310-9. [PMID: 10617134 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0740310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The early phase of the biphasic ventilatory response to hypoxia in mammals is critically dependent on NMDA glutamate receptor activation within the nucleus of the solitary tract. However, the mechanisms underlying the subsequent development of the typical ventilatory roll-off are unclear and could underlie important roles in the functional and molecular adaptation to oxygen deprivation. Because the growth factor platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB can modulate the open channel probability of NMDA receptors by activating PDGF-beta receptors, its contribution to hypoxic ventilatory roll-off was examined. Administration of PDGF-BB, but not PDGF-AA, in the nucleus of the solitary tract was associated with significant attenuations of the early hypoxic ventilatory response in conscious rats. Furthermore, marked reductions in the magnitude of hypoxic ventilatory roll-off occurred in mice heterozygous for a mutation in the PDGF-beta receptor. Administration of a PDGF-beta receptor antagonist to wild-type littermates elicited similar declines in hypoxic ventilatory roll-off. The relative abundance of PDGF-beta receptors was confirmed in the nucleus of the solitary tract and other nuclei implicated in the hypoxic ventilatory response. In nucleus of the solitary tract lysates, PDGF-beta receptor tyrosine phosphorylation was temporally correlated with hypoxic ventilatory roll-off formation. Increased PDGF-B chain mRNA expression was induced by hypoxia in the nucleus of the solitary tract, and PDGF-B chain immunoreactivity colocalized with approximately 40% of nucleus of the solitary tract neurons, demonstrating hypoxia-induced c-Fos enhancements. Thus, PDGF-BB release and PDGF-beta receptor activation in the nucleus of the solitary tract are critical components of hypoxic ventilatory roll-off and may have important functional implications in processes underlying survival and acclimatization to hypoxic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gozal
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
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17
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Tohda G, Oida K, Okada Y, Kosaka S, Okada E, Takahashi S, Ishii H, Miyamori I. Expression of thrombomodulin in atherosclerotic lesions and mitogenic activity of recombinant thrombomodulin in vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998; 18:1861-9. [PMID: 9848877 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.18.12.1861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM), a thrombin receptor protein found on the endothelial cell surface, contains 6 tandem epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like structures. Recombinant human TM peptide containing these 6 EGF-like domains (rTME1-6) exhibits mitogenic activity in Swiss 3T3 cells. We examined the localization of TM in atherosclerotic lesions and the effects of rTME1-6 on the growth of cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that TM antigen was localized on monocytes, macrophages, and vascular SMCs. In cultured vascular SMCs, rTME1-6 accelerated [3H]thymidine uptake into DNA in a dose-dependent manner up to 3.4 times the control level. This mitogenic activity was abolished by addition of polyclonal anti-human TM antibody. The rTME1-6-induced mitogenesis was enhanced by EGF. However, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against the EGF receptor (monoclonal antibody 225) did not inhibit the mitogenic activity of rTME1-6. Calphostin C, a specific protein kinase C inhibitor, and lavendustin-A, an inhibitor of EGF receptor-specific protein tyrosine kinase, inhibited the mitogenic activities of both rTME1-6 and EGF. Finally, rTME1-6 treatment increased the level of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase in SMCs. Together, these results suggest that TM expression in atherosclerotic lesions may be associated with promotion of atherosclerosis through its mitogenic activity in vascular SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tohda
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukui Medical University, Fukui, Japan
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18
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Yagi M, Kato S, Kobayashi Y, Kobayashi N, Iinuma N, Nakamura K, Kubo K, Ohyama SI, Murooka H, Shimizu T, Nishitoba T, Osawa T, Nagano N. Beneficial effects of a novel inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor receptor autophosphorylation in the rat with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1998; 31:765-73. [PMID: 9809476 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-3623(98)00104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. Our original compound, Ki6896 ((4-t-butylphenyl)(4-[(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinolyl) oxy]phenyl) methanone) strongly inhibited the autophosphorylation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) beta-receptor (IC50=0.31 microM) and that of basic fibroblast growth factor receptor (IC50=3.1 microM), whereas it did not inhibit some other kinases. 2. The [3H]thymidine incorporation and the growth of mesangial cells under the stimulation of PDGF were inhibited by Ki6896 in a dose-dependent manner. 3. In the mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis rats induced by anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibody, glomerulosclerosis was ameliorated and the number of glomerular proliferating cells was decreased by the daily administration of Ki6896. However, the accumulation of type I collagen and fibronectin in the glomeruli was not suppressed by Ki6896.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen/metabolism
- Fibronectins/metabolism
- Glomerular Mesangium/drug effects
- Glomerular Mesangium/metabolism
- Glomerular Mesangium/pathology
- Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative/immunology
- Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative/metabolism
- Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative/pathology
- Isoantibodies/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Phosphorylation
- Phosphotransferases/metabolism
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta
- Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/blood
- Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
- Sclerosis
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Thymidine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yagi
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd., Gunma, Japan.
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19
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Banai S, Wolf Y, Golomb G, Pearle A, Waltenberger J, Fishbein I, Schneider A, Gazit A, Perez L, Huber R, Lazarovichi G, Rabinovich L, Levitzki A, Gertz SD. PDGF-receptor tyrosine kinase blocker AG1295 selectively attenuates smooth muscle cell growth in vitro and reduces neointimal formation after balloon angioplasty in swine. Circulation 1998; 97:1960-9. [PMID: 9609090 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.97.19.1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signaling through protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) is a major contributor to the transmission of mitogenic stimuli to the interior of the cell and nucleus. The present study was designed to determine the effect of the tyrphostin AG1295, a selective blocker of PDGF-receptor PTK, on the growth of porcine and human smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in culture, on the outgrowth kinetics of SMCs from porcine and human arterial explants, and on neointimal formation after balloon injury in pigs. METHODS AND RESULTS SMCs for culture were obtained from porcine abdominal aortas, human internal mammary arteries, and endarterectomy tissue from a single human carotid artery. Addition of AG1295 to SMCs before PDGF stimulation completely inhibited PDGF-beta-receptor tyrosine phosphorylation without affecting the level of PDGF-beta-receptor. AG1295 resulted in a selective, reversible inhibition of SMC proliferation in culture (76%) with only mild (13.5%) inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation. The number of SMCs accumulating around explants of porcine carotid arteries and human endarterectomy specimens 12, 15, 19, 22, and 24 days after plating was reduced by 82% to 92% in AG1295-treated compared with nontreated specimens, and initiation of SMC outgrowth was markedly delayed. The numbers of cells accumulated 10 days after initiation of outgrowth were significantly lower in treated versus control explants. Local intravascular delivery of AG1295-impregnated polylactic acid-based nanoparticles (130+/-25 nm) to the site of balloon injury to porcine femoral arteries resulted in significant reductions in intima/media area ratio and luminal cross-sectional area narrowing by neointima compared with contralateral control arteries to which empty nanoparticles were applied (0.15+/-0.07 versus 0.09+/-0.03, P=.046 and 20+/-4% versus 10+/-4%, P=.0009, n=6 for both). CONCLUSIONS The tyrphostin AG1295, a selective blocker of PDGF-receptor kinase, exerts a marked inhibitory effect on the activation, migration, and proliferation of porcine and human SMCs in vitro and an approximately 50% inhibitory effect on neointimal formation after balloon injury in porcine femoral arteries when delivered via biodegradable nanoparticles. Further studies appear to be warranted to evaluate the applicability of this novel approach to the interventional setting.
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MESH Headings
- Angioplasty, Balloon/adverse effects
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/cytology
- Aorta, Abdominal/drug effects
- Carotid Arteries/drug effects
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Endarterectomy, Carotid
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Femoral Artery/drug effects
- Femoral Artery/pathology
- Humans
- Mammary Arteries/cytology
- Mammary Arteries/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Phosphorylation
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Quinoxalines/pharmacology
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
- Swine
- Tunica Intima/cytology
- Tunica Intima/drug effects
- Tunica Intima/pathology
- Tyrphostins
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Affiliation(s)
- S Banai
- Heiden Department of Cardiology, Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
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20
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Yagi M, Kato S, Kobayashi Y, Kubo K, Oyama S, Shimizu T, Nishitoba T, Isoe T, Nakamura K, Ohashi H, Kobayashi N, Iinuma N, Osawa T, Onose R, Osada H. Selective inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor autophosphorylation and PDGF-mediated cellular events by a quinoline derivative. Exp Cell Res 1997; 234:285-92. [PMID: 9260896 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1997.3616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the biological effects of our original compound, Ki6783 ((3,4-dimethoxy)-4-phenoxy-6,7-dimethoxyquinoline), a potent and selective inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor autophosphorylation. This compound strongly inhibited autophosphorylation of the PDGF beta-receptor in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells (MC) bearing this receptor (IC50 0.1 microM), although it did not inhibit autophosphorylation of other growth factor receptors even at 100 microM. In a cell-free kinase experiment, it showed selective inhibition of PDGF beta-receptor tyrosine kinase. A kinetic study of the compound to this tyrosine kinase revealed a competitive mode of action to ATP. [3H]Thymidine incorporation and cell proliferation of MC were inhibited by Ki6783 in a dose-dependent manner after Ki6783 and PDGF-BB were added to the culture medium. Furthermore, this compound normalized the fibrotic cell shape of v-sis-transformed NIH3T3 cells, which grow in an autocrine manner via the PDGF receptor. These effects could be explained by the inhibition of intracellular signal transduction triggered by PDGF receptor autophosphorylation, in which activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase occurs. These results suggest that Ki6783 is one of the more potent and selective inhibitors of PDGF receptor autophosphorylation and that it may be useful in ameliorating cell abnormalities due to excess action of PDGF and its receptor systems in several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yagi
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Kirin Brewery Company, Ltd., Takasaki-shi, Japan.
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21
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Abstract
With the advance in the molecular understanding of cancers and proliferative disorders new approaches to managing these diseases may become feasible. It has been recognized that a key feature of these diseases is the pathological alteration in the molecular machineries of signalling pathways. This recognition which began to emerge in the early 1980s induced us to explore the possibility of targetting the aberrant signalling pathways for disease therapy. I now present evidence for the validity of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Levitzki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Israel.
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22
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Bilder GE, Rojas CJ. Inhibitors of the Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3466.1996.tb00320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Phenylamino-pyrimidine (PAP) — derivatives: a new class of potent and highly selective PDGF-receptor autophosphorylation inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(96)00197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Gazit A, App H, McMahon G, Chen J, Levitzki A, Bohmer FD. Tyrphostins. 5. Potent inhibitors of platelet-derived growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase: structure-activity relationships in quinoxalines, quinolines, and indole tyrphostins. J Med Chem 1996; 39:2170-7. [PMID: 8667360 DOI: 10.1021/jm950727b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of 3-indoleacrylonitrile tyrphostins, 2-chloro-3-phenylquinolines, and 3-arylquinoxalines were prepared and tested for inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (PDGF-RTK) activity. The potency of the inhibitors was found to be quinoxalines > quinolines > indoles. Lipophilic groups (methyl, methoxy) in the 6 and 7 positions and phenyl at the 3 position of quinoxalines and quinolines were essential for potency, in contrast to the hydrophilic catechol group in tyrphostins active against EGFR kinase inhibition at different sites. The inhibitors showed selectivity for PDGF and were not active against EGF receptor and HER-2/c-ErbB-2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gazit
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silverman Institute of Life Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Israel
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25
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Abstract
With the advance in the molecular understanding of disease processes, it has been appreciated that many diseases result from the malfunctions of signaling pathways. This recognition has led to intensive research and the development of therapies based on the interception of cellular signaling in diseased cells. In the past two years, success has been achieved using a blocker of the farnesylation of Ras as a tumor inhibitor, a JAK-2 blocker as an efficient inhibitor of recurrent pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and a platelet-derived growth factor receptor kinase as a blocker of restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Levitzki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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26
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Platelet-derived growth factor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-5687(96)80007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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27
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Holen I, Strømhaug PE, Gordon PB, Fengsrud M, Berg TO, Seglen PO. Inhibition of autophagy and multiple steps in asialoglycoprotein endocytosis by inhibitors of tyrosine protein kinases (tyrphostins). J Biol Chem 1995; 270:12823-31. [PMID: 7759538 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.21.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In isolated rat hepatocytes, several tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors (tyrphostins) reduced the autophagic sequestration of electroinjected [3H]raffinose by 40-75% at doses that did not significantly affect cellular ATP levels or plasma membrane integrity. Tyrphostin 46 specifically inhibited autophagy, whereas tyrphostins 1, 25 and 51 also suppressed the receptor-mediated endocytic uptake of 125I-tyramine-cellobiose-asialoorosomucoid, 125I-TC-AOM, by 20-30% and its degradation by 70-90%. Tyrphostins 1 and 51, and the microtubule inhibitor vinblastine, inhibited an early endocytic step (endosome maturation/multivesiculation?), causing accumulation of endocytosed 125I-TC-AOM in a recycling compartment that corresponded to light endosomes (1.10-1.11 g/ml) in sucrose density gradients. In the electron microscope, these endosomes could be recognized as small, peripheral endocytic vesicles and tubules accumulating endocytosed AOM-gold. The serine/threonine protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid inhibited an intermediate endocytic step (detachment of multivesicular endosomes from the tubulovesicular network?), causing accumulation of 125I-TC-AOM in a recycling compartment corresponding to light endosomes (1.10-1.11 g/ml), but with a multivesicular rather than a tubulovesicular morphology. Tyrphostin 25 inhibited endocytosis at a late step (endosome-lysosome fusion?), causing accumulation of 125I-TC-AOM in a non-recycling compartment corresponding to dense, multivesicular endosomes (1.14 g/ml) that had probably detached from the light endosomal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Holen
- Department of Tissue Culture, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo
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28
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Buchdunger E, Zimmermann J, Mett H, Meyer T, Müller M, Regenass U, Lydon NB. Selective inhibition of the platelet-derived growth factor signal transduction pathway by a protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the 2-phenylaminopyrimidine class. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:2558-62. [PMID: 7708684 PMCID: PMC42257 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.7.2558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor is a member of the transmembrane growth factor receptor protein family with intrinsic protein-tyrosine kinase activity. We describe a potent protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (CGP 53716) that shows selectivity for the PDGF receptor in vitro and in the cell. The compound shows selectivity for inhibition of PDGF-mediated events such as PDGF receptor autophosphorylation, cellular tyrosine phosphorylation, and c-fos mRNA induction in response to PDGF stimulation of intact cells. In contrast, ligand-induced autophosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, insulin receptor, and the insulin-like growth factor I receptor, as well as c-fos mRNA expression induced by EGF, fibroblast growth factor, and phorbol ester, was insensitive to inhibition by CGP 53716. In antiproliferative assays, the compound was approximately 30-fold more potent in inhibiting PDGF-mediated growth of v-sis-transformed BALB/c 3T3 cells relative to inhibition of EGF-dependent BALB/Mk cells, interleukin-3-dependent FDC-P1 cells, and the T24 bladder carcinoma line. When tested in vivo using highly tumorigenic v-sis- and human c-sis-transformed BALB/c 3T3 cells, CGP 53716 showed antitumor activity at well-tolerated doses. In contrast, CGP 53716 did not show antitumor activity against xenografts of the A431 tumor, which overexpresses the EGF receptor. These findings suggest that CGP 53716 may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of diseases involving abnormal cellular proliferation induced by PDGF receptor activation.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Female
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Oncogene Proteins v-sis
- Oncogenes
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Pyridines/chemical synthesis
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Pyridines/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/chemical synthesis
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/physiology
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/biosynthesis
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/genetics
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
- Transfection
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- E Buchdunger
- CIBA Pharmaceuticals Division, Oncology Research Department, CIBA-Geigy Limited, Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Annotated References. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 1994. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.3.6.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Esther A, Iftach S, Esther P. Inhibition of Moloney murine leukemia virus replication by tyrphostins, tyrosine kinase inhibitors. FEBS Lett 1994; 341:99-103. [PMID: 8137930 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)80248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that topoisomerase I (topo I) antagonist inhibited retrovirus replication. Since tyrphostins, synthetic compounds and protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) blockers, inhibited topo I activity (manuscript in preparation) we examined their ability to inhibit Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV) replication. We found that non-cytotoxic doses of tyrphostin derivatives (AG-555, AG-18) blocked or substantially reduced Mo-MuLV replication in acute or chronically infected NIH/3T3 cells. Our experiments suggest that the antiviral effect of these tyrphostin derivatives was not the result of antiproliferative activity. However, the tyrphostin derivatives used in our present investigation differ in their ability to inhibit Mo-MuLV replication. Furthermore, as expected from stereospecific competitive inhibitors, the antiviral effect is not a general characteristic of all tyrphostin derivatives, since AG-213 does not affect Mo-MuLV replication. Our results indicate that these tyrphostin derivatives may represent a novel class of antiretroviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Esther
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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31
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Gillespie J, Dye JF, Schachter M, Guillou PJ. Inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro by the tyrphostin group of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Br J Cancer 1993; 68:1122-6. [PMID: 8260363 PMCID: PMC1968666 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1993.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrphostins are a group of low molecular weight synthetic inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinases (PTK). The intracellular domains of the receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) possess PTK activity. Since EGF, TGF-alpha and IGF-1 are considered to play an important role in the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells, we studied the effects of tyrphostins on the growth of three human pancreatic cancer cell lines (MiaPaCa-2, Panc-1 and CAV). The tyrphostins AG17, T23 and T47 all inhibited EGF and serum-stimulated DNA synthesis. AG17 was found to be the most potent of these agents and caused a dose-dependent but reversible inhibition of cell growth. Furthermore using an immunoblotting procedure we also found AG17 to inhibit EGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation in the MiaPaCa-2 cell line. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors may prove to be useful agents for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gillespie
- Academic Surgical Unit, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
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32
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Chapter 10. Growth Factors in Cardiovascular Disease. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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33
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Rendu F, Eldor A, Grelac F, Bachelot C, Gazit A, Gilon C, Levy-Toledano S, Levitzki A. Inhibition of platelet activation by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 1992; 44:881-8. [PMID: 1382425 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(92)90119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) blockers (tyrphostins) inhibit in a dose-dependent fashion thrombin-induced aggregation and serotonin release with IC50 values in the 10-35 microM concentration range. The inhibition of thrombin-induced aggregation correlates with their potency in inhibiting phosphorylation of proteins on tyrosine residues. Using metabolically 32P-labelled human platelets, it was found that the tyrphostins have no effect on the decrease in [32P]phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate but prevent the replenishment of [32P]polyphosphoinositide. Tyrphostins decreased [32P]phosphatidic acid production induced by thrombin, although never by more than 50%, and only delayed the peak of diacylglycerol, suggesting that phospholipase C was still activated. Tyrphostins inhibited the thrombin-elicited early phosphorylation of p43 and p20, substrates for protein kinase C (PKC) and myosin light chain kinase, respectively, at short times of activation. This inhibition, however, was overcome after 1 min of stimulation with thrombin. Tyrphostin AG213 also inhibited platelet aggregation and tyrosine protein phosphorylation induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), but did not inhibit pleckstrin phosphorylation. These results suggest that thrombin induces the phosphorylation of proteins on tyrosine residues which most probably results in the activation of phosphoinositide kinases. The ability of tyrphostins to inhibit phosphorylation of p43 and p20 when induced by thrombin but not when induced by PMA confirms that PTKs may be involved subsequent to PKC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rendu
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, UFR de Pharmacie, Paris, France
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