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Bartha-Doering L, Kollndorfer K, Schwartz E, Fischmeister FP, Langs G, Weber M, Lackner-Schmelz S, Kienast P, Stümpflen M, Taymourtash A, Mandl S, Alexopoulos J, Prayer D, Seidl R, Kasprian G. Fetal temporal sulcus depth asymmetry has prognostic value for language development. Commun Biol 2023; 6:109. [PMID: 36707693 PMCID: PMC9883513 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In most humans, the superior temporal sulcus (STS) shows a rightward depth asymmetry. This asymmetry can not only be observed in adults, but is already recognizable in the fetal brain. As the STS lies adjacent to brain areas important for language, STS depth asymmetry may represent an anatomical marker for language abilities. This study investigated the prognostic value of STS depth asymmetry in healthy fetuses for later language abilities, language localization, and language-related white matter tracts. Less right lateralization of the fetal STS depth was significantly associated with better verbal abilities, with fetal STS depth asymmetry explaining more than 40% of variance in verbal skills 6-13 years later. Furthermore, less right fetal STS depth asymmetry correlated with increased left language localization during childhood. We hypothesize that earlier and/or more localized fetal development of the left temporal cortex is accompanied by an earlier development of the left STS and is favorable for early language learning. If the findings of this pilot study hold true in larger samples of healthy children and in different clinical populations, fetal STS asymmetry has the potential to become a diagnostic biomarker of the maturity and integrity of neural correlates of language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bartha-Doering
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Kollndorfer
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria ,grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Division of Neuroradiology and Muscoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Schwartz
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Ph.S. Fischmeister
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Division of Neuroradiology and Muscoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria ,grid.5110.50000000121539003Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria ,grid.452216.6BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Langs
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Weber
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Division of Neuroradiology and Muscoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Lackner-Schmelz
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria ,grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Division of Neuroradiology and Muscoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patric Kienast
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Division of Neuroradiology and Muscoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Stümpflen
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Division of Neuroradiology and Muscoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Athena Taymourtash
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophie Mandl
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Alexopoulos
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria ,grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Prayer
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Division of Neuroradiology and Muscoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Seidl
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Kasprian
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Division of Neuroradiology and Muscoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Hemispheric asymmetries for emotions in non-human primates: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104830. [PMID: 36031009 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review of investigations evaluating hemispheric asymmetries for emotions in primates was undertaken to individuate the most consistent lines of research allowing to check the hypothesis of a continuum in emotional lateralization across vertebrates. We reviewed studies on the lateralization of emotional expression (N = 31) and perception (N = 32) and of markers of emotional activation (N = 9), trying to distinguish those which had given respectively more consistent or more conflicting outcomes. Furthermore, we tried to identify the most strongly supported model of emotional lateralization. The most consistent results were obtained in studies investigating asymmetries in emotional expression at the facial level and in the perception of emotional facial expressions, whereas the most disappointing data were obtained in investigations evaluating possible neurophysiological markers of lateralized emotional activation. These results supported more the hypothesis of a continuity between humans and non-human primates than the more general hypothesis of a continuum between humans and all vertebrates. Furthermore, results supported more the 'right hemisphere' than the 'valence' model of emotional lateralization.
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Reduced and delayed myelination and volume of corpus callosum in an animal model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders partially benefit from voluntary exercise. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10653. [PMID: 35739222 PMCID: PMC9226126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
1 in 20 live births in the United States is affected by prenatal alcohol exposure annually, creating a major public health crisis. The teratogenic impact of alcohol on physical growth, neurodevelopment, and behavior is extensive, together resulting in clinical disorders which fall under the umbrella term of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). FASD-related impairments to executive function and perceptual learning are prevalent among affected youth and are linked to disruptions to corpus callosum growth and myelination in adolescence. Targeted interventions that support neurodevelopment in FASD-affected youth are nonexistent. We evaluated the capacity of an adolescent exercise intervention, a stimulator of myelinogenesis, to upregulate corpus callosum myelination in a rat model of FASD (third trimester-equivalent alcohol exposure). This study employs in vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scanning to investigate the effects of: (1) neonatal alcohol exposure and (2) an adolescent exercise intervention on corpus callosum myelination in a rodent model of FASD. DTI scans were acquired twice longitudinally (pre- and post-intervention) in male and female rats using a 9.4 Tesla Bruker Biospec scanner to assess alterations to corpus callosum myelination noninvasively. Fractional anisotropy values as well as radial/axial diffusivity values were compared within-animal in a longitudinal study design. Analyses using mixed repeated measures ANOVA’s confirm that neonatal alcohol exposure in a rodent model of FASD delays the trajectory of corpus callosum growth and myelination across adolescence, with a heightened vulnerability in the male brain. Alterations to corpus callosum volume are correlated with reductions to forebrain volume which mediates an indirect relationship between body weight gain and corpus callosum growth. While we did not observe any significant effects of voluntary aerobic exercise on corpus callosum myelination immediately after completion of the 12-day intervention, we did observe a beneficial effect of exercise intervention on corpus callosum volume growth in all rats. In line with clinical findings, we have shown that prenatal alcohol exposure leads to hypomyelination of the corpus callosum in adolescence and that the severity of damage is sexually dimorphic. Further, exercise intervention improves corpus callosum growth in alcohol-exposed and control rats in adolescence.
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4
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Allometry for Eyes and Optic Lobes in Oval Squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) with Special Reference to Their Ontogenetic Asymmetry. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14040644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Eyes develop in relation to body size and brain area for visual processing in some vertebrates. Meanwhile, it is well known that many animals exhibit left–right asymmetry in both morphology and behavior, namely, lateralization. However, it remains unclear whether the eyes and visual processing brain areas synchronously develop for their asymmetry. Oval squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) exhibits lateralization of optic lobe volume and left or right eye usage toward specific targets during their ontogeny. We address the question of how left–right asymmetry of the eyes and optic lobes exhibit an allometric pattern. To examine this question, we estimated the left and right volumes of eyes and optic lobes using microcomputed tomography. We found that, for the optic lobe volume, the right enlargement that appeared at ages 45 and 80 days then shifted to the left at age 120 days. In contrast, the volume of eyes did not show any left–right asymmetries from hatching to age 120 days. We also found that the volume of the eyes and optic lobes showed a slower increase than that of the whole-body size. Within these two visually related organs, the eyes grew faster than the optic lobes until age 120 days. These results are discussed in the context of the survival strategy of oval squid that form schools, two months post-hatching.
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Peyvandi Karizbodagh M, Sadr-Nabavi A, Hami J, Mohammadipour A, Khoshdel-Sarkarizi H, Kheradmand H, Fallahnezhad S, Mahmoudi M, Haghir H. Developmental regulation and lateralization of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the rat hippocampus. Neuropeptides 2021; 89:102183. [PMID: 34333368 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are expressed abundantly in the brain and play a crucial role in the regulation of central nervous system (CNS) development, learning, and memory. During early neuronal development, NMDARs modulate neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation and migration, and synaptogenesis. The present study aimed to examine the developmental expression of NMDARs subunits, NR1 and NR2B, in the developing hippocampus of neonatal rats during the first two postnatal weeks. Fifty-four male offspring were randomly divided into three age groups, postnatal days (P) 0, 7, and 14. Real-time-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses were employed to examine and compare the hippocampal expression of the NMDA receptor subunits. The highest mRNA expression of NR1 and NR2B subunits was observed at P7, regardless of its laterality. The mRNA expression of both subunits in the right hippocampus was significantly higher than that of the left one at P0 and P7. Similarly, the highest protein level expression of NR1 and NR2B subunits was also observed at P7 in both sides hippocampi. Although the protein expression of NR1 was significantly higher on the right side in all studied days, the NR2B was significantly higher in the right hippocampus only at P7. The analysis of optical density (OD) has shown a marked increase in the distribution pattern of the NR1 and NR2B subunits at P7 in all hippocampal subregions. In conclusion, there is a marked right-left asymmetry in the expression of NR1 and NR2B subunits in the developing rat hippocampus, which might be considered as a probable mechanism for the lateral differences in the structure and function of the hippocampus in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Peyvandi Karizbodagh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ariane Sadr-Nabavi
- Medical Genetic Research Center (MGRC), School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Hami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitäsmedizin Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Abbas Mohammadipour
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hoda Khoshdel-Sarkarizi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Kheradmand
- Hazrat Rasoul Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Fallahnezhad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Haghir
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Genetic Research Center (MGRC), School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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6
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Skopin MD, Bayat A, Kurada L, Siddu M, Joshi S, Zelano CM, Koubeissi MZ. Epileptogenesis-induced changes of hippocampal-piriform connectivity. Seizure 2020; 81:1-7. [PMID: 32682283 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tissue remodeling has been described in brain circuits that are involved in the generation and propagation of epileptic seizures. Human and animal studies suggest that the anterior piriform cortex (aPC) is crucial for seizure expression in focal epilepsies. Here, we investigate the effect of kainic-acid (KA)-induced seizures on the effective connectivity of the aPC with bilateral hippocampal CA3 regions using cerebro-cerebral evoked potentials (CCEPs). METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with a tripolar electrode in the left aPC for stimulation and recording, and with unipolar recording electrodes in bilateral CA3 regions. Single pulse stimulations were given to the aPC and CCEPs were averaged before KA injections and after the emergence of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS). Similar recordings at equivalent time intervals were obtained from animals that received saline injections instead of KA (controls). RESULTS In the experimental group, the percentage change of increased amplitude of the contralateral (but not ipsilateral) CA3 CCEPs between pre-KA injection and after the emergence of SRS was significantly greater than in controls. No significant single-pulse-induced spectral change responses were observed in either epileptic or control rats when comparing pre- and post-stimulus time intervals. Also, we found no correlation between seizure frequency and the extent of amplitude changes in the CCEPs. CONCLUSIONS In the KA model, epileptogenesis results in plastic changes that manifest as an amplification of evoked potential amplitudes recorded in the contralateral hippocampus in response to single-pulse stimulation of the aPC. These results suggest epileptogenesis-induced facilitation of interhemispheric connectivity between the aPC and the hippocampus. Since the amplitude increase of the contralateral CCEP is a possible in vivo biomarker of epilepsy, any intervention (e.g. neuromodulatory) that can reverse this phenomenon may hold a potential antiepileptic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Skopin
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Arezou Bayat
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Lalitha Kurada
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Mithilesh Siddu
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Sweta Joshi
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Christina M Zelano
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohamad Z Koubeissi
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
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7
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Baradaran R, Khoshdel‐Sarkarizi H, Kargozar S, Hami J, Mohammadipour A, Sadr‐Nabavi A, Peyvandi Karizbodagh M, Kheradmand H, Haghir H. Developmental regulation and lateralisation of the α7 and α4 subunits of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in developing rat hippocampus. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:303-318. [DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Baradaran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Hoda Khoshdel‐Sarkarizi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Saeid Kargozar
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG) Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Javad Hami
- Department of Anatomical Sciences School of Medicine Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand Iran
| | - Abbas Mohammadipour
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Ariane Sadr‐Nabavi
- Department of Medical Genetics School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Medical Genetic Research Center (MGRC) School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Hamed Kheradmand
- Hazrat Rasoul Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Hossein Haghir
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Medical Genetic Research Center (MGRC) School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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Selçuk ML, Tıpırdamaz S. A morphological and stereological study on brain, cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum of New Zealand rabbits. Anat Histol Embryol 2019; 49:90-96. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Lütfi Selçuk
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Faculty of Health Sciences Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University Karaman Turkey
| | - Saadettin Tıpırdamaz
- Department of Anatomy Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Selcuk University Konya Turkey
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9
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The impact of fasting on resting state brain networks in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2976. [PMID: 30814613 PMCID: PMC6393589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting is known to influence learning and memory in mice and alter the neural networks that subserve these cognitive functions. We used high-resolution functional MRI to study the impact of fasting on resting-state functional connectivity in mice following 12 h of fasting. The cortex and subcortex were parcellated into 52 subregions and functional connectivity was measured between each pair of subregions in groups of fasted and non-fasted mice. Functional connectivity was globally increased in the fasted group compared to the non-fasted group, with the most significant increases evident between the hippocampus (bilateral), retrosplenial cortex (left), visual cortex (left) and auditory cortex (left). Functional brain networks in the non-fasted group comprised five segregated modules of strongly interconnected subregions, whereas the fasted group comprised only three modules. The amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) was decreased in the ventromedial hypothalamus in the fasted group. Correlation in gamma oscillations derived from local field potentials was increased between the left visual and retrosplenial cortices in the fasted group and the power of gamma oscillations was reduced in the ventromedial hypothalamus. These results indicate that fasting induces profound changes in functional connectivity, most likely resulting from altered coupling of neuronal gamma oscillations.
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10
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Abstract
TGF-β family ligands function in inducing and patterning many tissues of the early vertebrate embryonic body plan. Nodal signaling is essential for the specification of mesendodermal tissues and the concurrent cellular movements of gastrulation. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling patterns tissues along the dorsal-ventral axis and simultaneously directs the cell movements of convergence and extension. After gastrulation, a second wave of Nodal signaling breaks the symmetry between the left and right sides of the embryo. During these processes, elaborate regulatory feedback between TGF-β ligands and their antagonists direct the proper specification and patterning of embryonic tissues. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the function and regulation of TGF-β family signaling in these processes. Although we cover principles that are involved in the development of all vertebrate embryos, we focus specifically on three popular model organisms: the mouse Mus musculus, the African clawed frog of the genus Xenopus, and the zebrafish Danio rerio, highlighting the similarities and differences between these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Zinski
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6058
| | - Benjamin Tajer
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6058
| | - Mary C Mullins
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6058
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11
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Mannewitz A, Bock J, Kreitz S, Hess A, Goldschmidt J, Scheich H, Braun K. Comparing brain activity patterns during spontaneous exploratory and cue-instructed learning using single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of regional cerebral blood flow in freely behaving rats. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2025-2038. [PMID: 29340757 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Learning can be categorized into cue-instructed and spontaneous learning types; however, so far, there is no detailed comparative analysis of specific brain pathways involved in these learning types. The aim of this study was to compare brain activity patterns during these learning tasks using the in vivo imaging technique of single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). During spontaneous exploratory learning, higher levels of rCBF compared to cue-instructed learning were observed in motor control regions, including specific subregions of the motor cortex and the striatum, as well as in regions of sensory pathways including olfactory, somatosensory, and visual modalities. In addition, elevated activity was found in limbic areas, including specific subregions of the hippocampal formation, the amygdala, and the insula. The main difference between the two learning paradigms analyzed in this study was the higher rCBF observed in prefrontal cortical regions during cue-instructed learning when compared to spontaneous learning. Higher rCBF during cue-instructed learning was also observed in the anterior insular cortex and in limbic areas, including the ectorhinal and entorhinal cortexes, subregions of the hippocampus, subnuclei of the amygdala, and the septum. Many of the rCBF changes showed hemispheric lateralization. Taken together, our study is the first to compare partly lateralized brain activity patterns during two different types of learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mannewitz
- Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, Bldg. 91, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - J Bock
- "Epigenetics and Structural Plasticity", Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - S Kreitz
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Fahrstr. 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Hess
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Fahrstr. 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Goldschmidt
- Department Acoustics, Learning and Speech, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department Systems Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - H Scheich
- Department Acoustics, Learning and Speech, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Braun
- Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, Bldg. 91, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany. .,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
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12
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Right cerebral hemispheric sensitivity to pH and physiological ions in fixed post-mortem Wistar rat brains. Cogn Neurodyn 2017; 11:433-442. [PMID: 29067131 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-017-9443-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-mortem human neural tissues fixed in ethanol and aldehyde-based solutions express modulated frequency-dependent microvolt potentials when probed by chemical and electrical stimuli. These observations run contrary to the assumption that basic tissue functions are irreversibly impaired upon fixation, in the absence of nutrients and sufficient concentrations of physiological ions. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relative effects of pH and specific charged particles relevant to normal cell physiology upon electric potentials associated with fixed post-mortem rat brain tissue. We identified a positive relationship between the total time the brains had been immersed in ethanol-formalin-acetic acid and high-frequency microvolt potentials within the dorsal right hemisphere of the rat cerebrum. Measuring the pH of the fixative solution surrounding the brains indicated that as time increased, a logarithmic trend toward alkalinity could be observed. Further experiments revealed that high-frequency microvolt potentials were related to pH changes within the right hemisphere only. The right ventral cerebrum displayed a unique response to potassium chloride in ways uncounted for by pH alone. The results suggest that the fixed post-mortem right cerebrum of the rat is particularly sensitive to pH and physiological ions which explains a subset of previous findings with respect to stimulus-response patterns in human coronal brain sections. A concluding hypothesis is presented which suggests that brain tissue expresses material properties independent of metabolic activity though perhaps relevant to living brain function.
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13
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Mice lacking hippocampal left-right asymmetry show non-spatial learning deficits. Behav Brain Res 2017; 336:156-165. [PMID: 28864206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Left-right asymmetry is known to exist at several anatomical levels in the brain and recent studies have provided further evidence to show that it also exists at a molecular level in the hippocampal CA3-CA1 circuit. The distribution of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor NR2B subunits in the apical and basal synapses of CA1 pyramidal neurons is asymmetrical if the input arrives from the left or right CA3 pyramidal neurons. In the present study, we examined the role of hippocampal asymmetry in cognitive function using β2-microglobulin knock-out (β2m KO) mice, which lack hippocampal asymmetry. We tested β2m KO mice in a series of spatial and non-spatial learning tasks and compared the performances of β2m KO and C57BL6/J wild-type (WT) mice. The β2m KO mice appeared normal in both spatial reference memory and spatial working memory tasks but they took more time than WT mice in learning the two non-spatial learning tasks (i.e., a differential reinforcement of lower rates of behavior (DRL) task and a straight runway task). The β2m KO mice also showed less precision in their response timing in the DRL task and showed weaker spontaneous recovery during extinction in the straight runway task. These results indicate that hippocampal asymmetry is important for certain characteristics of non-spatial learning.
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Ambeskovic M, Soltanpour N, Falkenberg EA, Zucchi FC, Kolb B, Metz GA. Ancestral Exposure to Stress Generates New Behavioral Traits and a Functional Hemispheric Dominance Shift. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:2126-2138. [PMID: 26965901 PMCID: PMC5963819 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In a continuously stressful environment, the effects of recurrent prenatal stress (PS) accumulate across generations and generate new behavioral traits in the absence of genetic variation. Here, we investigated if PS or multigenerational PS across 4 generations differentially affect behavioral traits, laterality, and hemispheric dominance in male and female rats. Using skilled reaching and skilled walking tasks, 3 findings support the formation of new behavioral traits and shifted laterality by multigenerational stress. First, while PS in the F1 generation did not alter paw preference, multigenerational stress in the F4 generation shifted paw preference to favor left-handedness only in males. Second, multigenerational stress impaired skilled reaching and skilled walking movement abilities in males, while improving these abilities in females beyond the levels of controls. Third, the shift toward left-handedness in multigenerationally stressed males was accompanied by increased dendritic complexity and greater spine density in the right parietal cortex. Thus, cumulative multigenerational stress generates sexually dimorphic left-handedness and dominance shift toward the right hemisphere in males. These findings explain the origins of apparently heritable behavioral traits and handedness in the absence of DNA sequence variations while proposing epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Ambeskovic
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, CanadaT1K 3M4
| | - Nasrin Soltanpour
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, CanadaT1K 3M4
| | - Erin A. Falkenberg
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, CanadaT1K 3M4
| | - Fabiola C.R. Zucchi
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, CanadaT1K 3M4
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Bryan Kolb
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, CanadaT1K 3M4
| | - Gerlinde A.S. Metz
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, CanadaT1K 3M4
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Gaser C, Schmidt S, Metzler M, Herrmann KH, Krumbein I, Reichenbach JR, Witte OW. Deformation-based brain morphometry in rats. Neuroimage 2012; 63:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Kutlu N, Mutlu F, Vural K, Cezayirli E. Comparison of blood brain barrier permeability in normal and ovariectomized female rats that demonstrate right or left paw preference. Biotech Histochem 2012; 87:526-32. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2012.722228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lateralized hippocampal effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on learning and memory in rats in a model of depression. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 221:561-74. [PMID: 22160165 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Findings of pharmacological studies revealed that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) plays a modulatory role in learning and memory. A role of the peptide in the neurobiological mechanisms of affective disorders was also suggested. OBJECTIVE The objectives are to study the involvement of VIP in learning and memory processes after unilateral and bilateral local application into hippocampal CA1 area in rats with a model of depression (bilateral olfactory bulbectomy--OBX) and to test whether VIP receptors could affect cognition. RESULTS VIP (50 ng) and combination (VIP(6-28) 10 ng + VIP 50 ng) microinjected bilaterally or into the right CA1 area improved the learning and memory of OBX rats in shuttle-box and step-through behavioral tests as compared to the saline-treated OBX controls. Left-side VIP microinjections did not affect the number of avoidances (shuttle box) and learning criteria (step through) as compared to the left-side saline-treated OBX controls. The administration of the combination into left CA1 influenced positively the performance in the step-through task. VIP antagonist (VIP(6-28), 10 ng) did not affect learning and memory of OBX rats. These findings suggest asymmetric effect of VIP on cognitive processes in hippocampus of rats with OBX model of depression. CONCLUSION Our results point to a lateralized modulatory effect of VIP injected in the hippocampal CA1 area on the avoidance deficits in OBX rats. The right CA1 area was predominantly involved in the positive effect of VIP on learning and memory. A possible role of the PAC1 receptors is suggested.
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Lim DH, Mohajerani MH, Ledue J, Boyd J, Chen S, Murphy TH. In vivo Large-Scale Cortical Mapping Using Channelrhodopsin-2 Stimulation in Transgenic Mice Reveals Asymmetric and Reciprocal Relationships between Cortical Areas. Front Neural Circuits 2012; 6:11. [PMID: 22435052 PMCID: PMC3304170 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2012.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have mapped intracortical activity in vivo independent of sensory input using arbitrary point channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) stimulation and regional voltage sensitive dye imaging in B6.Cg-Tg (Thy1-COP4/EYFP)18Gfng/J transgenic mice. Photostimulation of subsets of deep layer pyramidal neurons within forelimb, barrel, or visual primary sensory cortex led to downstream cortical maps that were dependent on synaptic transmission and were similar to peripheral sensory stimulation. ChR2-evoked maps confirmed homotopic connections between hemispheres and intracortical sensory and motor cortex connections. This ability of optogentically activated subpopulations of neurons to drive appropriate downstream maps suggests that mechanisms exist to allow prototypical cortical maps to self-assemble from the stimulation of neuronal subsets. Using this principle of map self-assembly, we employed ChR2 point stimulation to map connections between cortical areas that are not selectively activated by peripheral sensory stimulation or behavior. Representing the functional cortical regions as network nodes, we identified asymmetrical connection weights in individual nodes and identified the parietal association area as a network hub. Furthermore, we found that the strength of reciprocal intracortical connections between primary and secondary sensory areas are unequal, with connections from primary to secondary sensory areas being stronger than the reciprocal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana H Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Paes-Branco D, Abreu-Villaça Y, Manhães AC, Filgueiras CC. Unilateral hemispherectomy at adulthood asymmetrically affects motor performance of male Swiss mice. Exp Brain Res 2012; 218:465-76. [PMID: 22367398 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-012-3034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Evidence exists indicating that cerebral lateralization is a fundamental feature of all vertebrates. In humans, a series of studies demonstrated that the left hemisphere plays a major role in controlling movement. No such asymmetries have been identified in rodents, in spite of the fact that these animals have been frequently used in studies assessing motor behavior. In this regard, here, we used unilateral hemispherectomy to study the relative importance of each hemisphere in controlling movement. Adult Swiss mice were submitted to right unilateral hemispherectomy (RH), left unilateral hemispherectomy (LH) or sham surgery. Fifteen days after surgery, motor performance was assessed in the accelerating rotarod test and in the foot-fault test (in which performance depends on skilled limb use) and in the elevated body swing test (in which performance depends on trunk movements). The surgical removal of the right hemisphere caused a more pronounced impairment in performance than the removal of the left hemisphere both in the rotarod and in the foot-fault tests. In the rotarod, the RH group presented smaller latencies to fall than both LH and sham groups. In the foot-fault test, while both the sham and the LH groups showed no differences between left and right hind limbs, the RH group showed significantly worse performance with the left hind limb than with the right one. The elevated body swing test revealed a similar impairment in the two hemispherectomized groups. Our data suggest a major role of the right hemisphere in controlling skilled limb movements in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Paes-Branco
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Professor Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
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Nemati F, Kolb B. Recovery from medial prefrontal cortex injury during adolescence: implications for age-dependent plasticity. Behav Brain Res 2012; 229:168-75. [PMID: 22261018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Focal cortical injuries generate various behavioral deficits associated with different morphological changes. The age and the area of the injury determine the nature and extent of recovery represented by the level of performance in various behavioral tasks. Previously, we have shown that motor cortex injury in early (but not late) adolescence leads to behavioral deficits that do not recover spontaneously with time. Considering the fact that the pace of brain maturation differs in different brain areas, we undertook to examine the pattern of spontaneous recovery following medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) lesion in early or late adolescence. A battery of motor tasks (postural asymmetry, skilled reaching, sunflower seed manipulation, forepaw inhibition in swimming) was used to investigate the pattern of behavioral recovery following mPFC lesions. Golgi-Cox analysis was used to examine dendritic reorganization of the relevant brain areas. The results indicated that rats perform poorly when receiving mPFC injuries in late adolescence in contrast to when they receive the lesion in early adolescence. Almost opposite pattern of recovery following motor cortex and medial prefrontal injuries in early and late adolescence will be discussed as an age-area dependent model for prognosis of brain injury during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Nemati
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada.
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Real MA, Simón MP, Heredia R, de Diego Y, Guirado S. Phenotypic changes in calbindin D28K immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of Fmr1 knockout mice. J Comp Neurol 2011; 519:2622-36. [PMID: 21491426 DOI: 10.1002/cne.22643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most prevalent form of inherited mental retardation, is caused by the lack of FMRP (fragile mental retardation protein) as a result of the transcriptional silencing of the FMR1 gene. Here we analyze the immunohistochemical expression of the calbindin D28K protein in the hippocampus of Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice and compare it with that of their wildtype (WT) littermates. The spatial distribution pattern of calbindin-immunoreactive cells in the hippocampus was similar in WT and KO mice but for each age studied (ranging from 3.5-8 months) the dentate gyrus of Fmr1-KO mice showed a significant reduction in calbindin-immunoreactive granule cells. Also, the number of calbindin-immunoreactive cells was reduced in the CA1 pyramidal layer in KO mice compared to their WT littermates. In addition, Frm1-KO mice showed a group of calbindin-immunoreactive cells located only in the left CA3b subregion that was only sometimes observed in WT mice. Overall, the absence of FMRP results in a dysregulation of the calbindin protein expression in the hippocampus. This dysregulation is cell type- and time-dependent and as a consequence key elements of the hippocampal trisynaptic circuitry may lack calbindin in critical periods for normal memory/learning abilities to be achieved and may explain some of the FXS symptoms observed in the Fmr1-KO mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Angeles Real
- University of Málaga, Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, and Physiology, Málaga, Spain
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Duque A, Coman D, Carlyle BC, Bordner KA, George ED, Papademetris X, Hyder F, Simen AA. Neuroanatomical changes in a mouse model of early life neglect. Brain Struct Funct 2011; 217:459-72. [PMID: 21984312 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-011-0350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Using a novel mouse model of early life neglect and abuse (ENA) based on maternal separation with early weaning, George et al. (BMC Neurosci 11:123, 2010) demonstrated behavioral abnormalities in adult mice, and Bordner et al. (Front Psychiatry 2(18):1-18, 2011) described concomitant changes in mRNA and protein expression. Using the same model, here we report neuroanatomical changes that include smaller brain size and abnormal inter-hemispheric asymmetry, decreases in cortical thickness, abnormalities in subcortical structures, and white matter disorganization and atrophy most severely affecting the left hemisphere. Because of the similarities between the neuroanatomical changes observed in our mouse model and those described in human survivors of ENA, this novel animal model is potentially useful for studies of human ENA too costly or cumbersome to be carried out in primates. Moreover, our current knowledge of the mouse genome makes this model particularly suited for targeted anatomical, molecular, and pharmacological experimentation not yet possible in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Duque
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511-6624, USA
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Bolon B, Couto S, Fiette L, Perle KL. Internet and Print Resources to Facilitate Pathology Analysis When Phenotyping Genetically Engineered Rodents. Vet Pathol 2011; 49:224-35. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985811415709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered mice and rats are increasingly used as models for exploring disease progression and mechanisms. The full spectrum of anatomic, biochemical, and functional changes that develop in novel, genetically engineered mouse and rat lines must be cataloged before predictions regarding the significance of the mutation may be extrapolated to diseases in other vertebrate species, including humans. A growing list of reference materials, including books, journal articles, and websites, has been produced in the last 2 decades to assist researchers in phenotyping newly engineered rodent lines. This compilation provides an extensive register of materials related to the pathology component of rodent phenotypic analysis. In this article, the authors annotate the resources they use most often, to allow for quick determination of their relevance to research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Bolon
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - S. Couto
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
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Siniscalchi M, Franchini D, Pepe AM, Sasso R, Dimatteo S, Vallortigara G, Quaranta A. Volumetric assessment of cerebral asymmetries in dogs. Laterality 2011; 16:528-36. [PMID: 21140316 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2010.490838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we quantified volumetric brain asymmetries from computed tomography (CT) scans in 12 healthy dogs, using a semi-automated technique for assessing in vivo structure asymmetry. Volumetric assessment of asymmetrical cerebral lateral ventricle (ALV) was also investigated. Our results showed that seven dogs exhibited a right hemisphere significantly greater than the left, two dogs had a left-greater-than-right hemisphere asymmetry, and finally two dogs displayed no significant brain volumetric asymmetry. This right-biased hemispheric asymmetry supports data reported previously using post-mortem morphological studies in both dogs and other mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Siniscalchi
- Department of Animal Production, University of Bari, Strada Prov.le per Casamassima, Valenzano, Italy.
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Samara A, Vougas K, Papadopoulou A, Anastasiadou E, Baloyanni N, Paronis E, Chrousos G, Tsangaris G. Proteomics reveal rat hippocampal lateral asymmetry. Hippocampus 2010; 21:108-19. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Spring S, Lerch JP, Wetzel MK, Evans AC, Henkelman RM. Cerebral asymmetries in 12-week-old C57Bl/6J mice measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage 2010; 50:409-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Ontogenetic considerations in the phylogenetic history and adaptive significance of the bias in human handedness. Behav Brain Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00047890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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