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Narayan A, Joshua AM, Fernandes R, Karnad SD, Alammari A, Chauhan NS, Almgamese MTD. Immediate effects of a novel hand rehabilitation board on fine motor skills in children with cerebral palsy: A pilot study. NeuroRehabilitation 2024; 54:237-244. [PMID: 38277311 DOI: 10.3233/nre-230286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In children with cerebral palsy (CP), fine motor skills limit forearm supination and active extension of the elbow, wrist, or fingers. Therapeutic interventions focusing on improving the ranges at these joints while facilitating active movements are the key to augmenting fine motor skills. OBJECTIVE This pilot study examines if children with CP (with UE involvement) exposed to the Novel Hand Rehabilitation (NHR) Board will demonstrate 1) changes in spasticity and passive ROM of forearm and wrist/finger muscles, and 2) improvement in fine motor abilities. METHODS The forearm and wrist/fingers of children with spastic CP (N = 15; M = 7, F = 8) aged 49-72 months (65.33±6.355 months) were positioned on the NHR board till their tolerance limit or a minimum duration of 30 minutes. The outcome measures, i.e., spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale), passive range of motion (PROM) of wrist and fingers, and fine motor skills (PDMS-2 - Fine motor scale), were recorded. RESULTS The spasticity of forearm pronators (0.001) and wrist flexors (0.008) reduced significantly, but not in wrist extensors. Post-intervention improvements in wrist extension (p = 0.005) and ulnar deviation ROM (p = 0.007) were significant. In thumb, changes were non-significant for the CMC flexion, but extension (0.003) and abduction (0.001) as well as MCP extension (0.004) were significant. The post-intervention MCP extension ROM for the 2nd (0.001), 3rd (0.007), and 4th fingers (0.014) were also substantial, but not for PIP and DIP joints. The post-intervention percentage change in the Grasping and Visual-motor integration subtests of PDMS-2 was 11.03% (p = 0.002) and 5.09% (p = 0.001) respectively. CONCLUSION The immediate effects on fine motor skills in children with CP after the NHR board application were positive and encouraging. Hence, the NHR board can be recommended as an intervention to improve the fine motor abilities of children with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitesh Narayan
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Abraham M Joshua
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Romita Fernandes
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shreekanth D Karnad
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Abdulaziz Alammari
- Department of Rehabilitation, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Namrata S Chauhan
- Department of Physiotherapy, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newbridge, UK
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Memisevic H, Dedic A, Malec D. The Relative Strengths of Relationships Between Fine Motor Skills, Working Memory, Processing Speed and Fluid Intelligence in Early Elementary School Children. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:1386-1399. [PMID: 37257484 DOI: 10.1177/00315125231181297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The goal in the present paper was to examine the combined and relative impact of fine motor ability, auditory working memory, and processing speed on fluid intelligence in a sample of early elementary school students. Our participant sample was 145 children (Mage = 9.1 years, SD = 1.1; 80 boys, 65 girls). We used the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices Test as a measure of fluid intelligence and five other measures to represent the three predictor variables: the Grooved Pegboard Test as a measure of fine motor skills, Digit Span Forwards and Digit Span Backwards tests as measures of working memory, and Rapid Automatized Naming and Letter-Digit Substitution tasks as measures of processing speed. Regression analyses indicated that only two of these measures had a statistically significant association with the fluid intelligence test scores, namely, scores on the Grooved Pegboard (fine motor skills) and Digit Span Backwards (working memory) tests, with these two measures explaining 35% of the variance in the fluid intelligence test scores. Thus, fine motor skills and working memory were correlated with fluid intelligence in early elementary-grade students. Until the directions of these relationships are better understood, we might assume that interventions aiming to increase young children's fluid intelligence, or at least their intelligence scores, might partly target working memory and fine motor skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haris Memisevic
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Admira Dedic
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Daniel Malec
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Flores P, Coelho E, Mourão-Carvalhal MI, Forte PM. Preliminary Adaptation of Motor Tests to Evaluate Fine Motor Skills Associated with Mathematical Skills in Preschoolers. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:1330-1361. [PMID: 37504489 PMCID: PMC10378708 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13070098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mathematics is the subject in which many school-age children reveal difficulties. The literature has shown that fine motor skills, namely fine motor coordination and visuomotor integration, have been more robustly associated with mathematical performance. Studies have shown the importance that instruments have to evaluate these skills, however, the characteristics of these instruments do not fit the reality of kindergartens, they are usually time consuming and expensive and are usually administered by specialists. Thus, the main objective of this study was to identify, select, adapt and validate motor tests to evaluate fine motor skills associated with mathematical skills to allow the kindergarten teachers to apply them simultaneously to the class, with few material resources, in a short period of time and without the need for a lot of training to apply, score and classify. For this purpose, firstly, it was necessary to understand the main difficulties highlighted by kindergarten teachers regarding the use of instruments to evaluate fine motor skills and, thus, elaborate criteria to identify and select the tests that best fit the reality of kindergartens. The test identified, selected and adapted to evaluate fine motor coordination was threading beads from the Movement Evaluation Battery for Children, 2nd Edition. The main adaptation of the test was related to time, that is, instead of counting the time it takes the child to string the total number of cubes on the string, we counted the number of cubes the child strung on the string in a pre-defined time. To evaluate visual-motor integration, the test identified, selected and adapted was the Visual-Motor Integration (6th Edition) test. The main adaptation was related to material resources, that is, it will be possible to apply the test using only one sheet per child instead of the seven suggested by the original test. After the preliminary adaptation of the tests, their validation was performed by means of the degree of reliability (test-retest) and predictive validity. The results indicated that the adapted tests presented an excellent degree of reliability (>0.9) and could therefore be used to administer them simultaneously to the class group. The adapted Visual-Motor Integration test seems to be the most suitable one to be used by kindergarten teachers, in a classroom context, to simultaneously evaluate students' fine motor skills and associate their results with mathematical skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Flores
- CI-ISCE, ISCE Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- Sports Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Coelho
- Sports Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria Isabel Mourão-Carvalhal
- Sports Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Forte
- CI-ISCE, ISCE Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- Sports Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Sports, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Zestas ON, Tselikas ND. Sollerman Hand Function Sub-Test "Write with a Pen": A Computer-Vision-Based Approach in Rehabilitation Assessment. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6449. [PMID: 37514743 PMCID: PMC10383357 DOI: 10.3390/s23146449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Impaired hand function is one of the most frequently persistent consequences of stroke. Throughout the rehabilitation process, physicians consistently monitor patients and perform kinematic evaluations in order to assess their overall progress in motor recovery. The Sollerman Hand Function Test (SHT) is a valuable assessment tool used to evaluate a patient's capacity to engage in daily activities. It holds great importance in the field of medicine as it aids in the assessment of treatment effectiveness. Nevertheless, the requirement for a therapist's physical presence and the use of specialized materials make the test time-consuming and reliant on clinic availability. In this paper, we propose a computer-vision-based approach to the "Write with a pen" sub-test, originally included in the SHT. Our implementation does not require extra hardware equipment and is able to run on lower-end hardware specifications, using a single RGB camera. We have incorporated all the original test's guidelines and scoring methods into our application, additionally providing an accurate hand spasticity evaluator. After briefly presenting the current research approaches, we analyze and demonstrate our application, as well as discuss some issues and limitations. Lastly, we share some preliminary findings from real-world application usage conducted at the University campus and outline our future plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis N Zestas
- Communication Networks and Applications Laboratory (CNALab), Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Peloponnese, 221 00 Tripoli, Greece
| | - Nikolaos D Tselikas
- Communication Networks and Applications Laboratory (CNALab), Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Peloponnese, 221 00 Tripoli, Greece
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Malachowski LG, Huntley MA, Needham AW. Case report: An evaluation of early motor skills in an infant later diagnosed with autism. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1205532. [PMID: 37404715 PMCID: PMC10315836 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1205532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers and clinicians are increasingly interested in understanding the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and identifying behaviors that can provide opportunities for earlier detection and therefore earlier onset of intervention activities. One promising avenue of research lies in the early development of motor skills. The present study compares the motor and object exploration behaviors of an infant later diagnosed with ASD (T.I.) with the same skills in a control infant (C.I.). There were notable difference in fine motor skills by just 3 months of age, one of the earliest fine motor differences reported in the literature. In line with previous findings, T.I. and C.I. demonstrated different patterns of visual attention as early as 2.5 months of age. At later visits to the lab, T.I. engaged in unique problem-solving behaviors not demonstrated by the experimenter (i.e., emulation). Overall, findings suggest that infants later diagnosed with ASD may show differences in fine motor skills and visual attention to objects from the first months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G. Malachowski
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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Operto FF, Viggiano A, Perfetto A, Citro G, Olivieri M, Simone VD, Bonuccelli A, Orsini A, Aiello S, Coppola G, Pastorino GMG. Digital Devices Use and Fine Motor Skills in Children between 3-6 Years. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:960. [PMID: 37371192 DOI: 10.3390/children10060960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The principal aim of our research was to explore the relationship between digital devices use and fine motor skills in children aged three to six years and to explore the effect of some socio-demographic factors. (2) Methods: we enrolled 185 children aged between three to six years. The parents of all the participants fulfilled a questionnaire to explore the digital device use, and their children performed a standardized test to assess fine motor skills (APCM-2). We performed the Spearman correlation test to explore the relationship between different variables. (3) Results: the children spent an average of 3.08 ± 2.30 h/day on digital devices. We did not find a significant association between the time of use of digital devices and fine motor skills (p = 0.640; r = -0.036). The youngest children experienced digital tools earlier than older ones (p < 0.001; r = 0.424) and they were also the ones who used digital tools more time afterwards (p = 0.012; -0.202). The children who had working parents spent more time on digital devices (p = 0.028; r = 0.164/p = 0.037; r = 0.154) and used digital devices earlier (p = 0.023; r = 0.171). (4) Conclusions: This data suggest that it would be useful to monitor the use of digital tools, especially in the very first years of life. Future studies are needed to further explore this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Felicia Operto
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Andrea Viggiano
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonio Perfetto
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Gabriella Citro
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Miriam Olivieri
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Valeria de Simone
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Alice Bonuccelli
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric University Department, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Orsini
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric University Department, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Aiello
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Giangennaro Coppola
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
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7
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Sadeghi HS, Alsaffarini MW, Almahmeed NW, Foaud RM, Kilidar RR, Eldessouky SK, Al-Rawi NH. The impact of reflex-based recreational activities and preclinical training on psychomotor skills in an educational dental environment. J Dent Educ 2023; 87:374-384. [PMID: 36326571 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participating in recreational activities from a young age may have the potential enhance psychomotor skills early on, and conversely, low levels of participation in these activities may predict slower development of preclinical hand skills. PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the eye-hand coordination benefits of leisure and reflex-based activities to those of typical instructional techniques among dental students. DATA SOURCES The databases used were PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Scopus. STUDY SELECTION Ten articles were selected from a total of 1135 articles found across three databases. DATA EXTRACTION The articles were screened by four investigators through a series of steps in accordance to inclusion and exclusion criteria and rid of any duplicates. DATA SYNTHESIS The majority of the 10 featured articles were conducted in the United States. All of the research included was cohort observational studies. This systematic review includes a total of 1975 participants from the publications selected for this purpose. RESULTS Manual dexterity may be taught and improved by practice, and tests designed to measure it should be used primarily to pinpoint which students would benefit most from individualized, close supervision during their education. CONCLUSION Researchers found that reflex-based activities helped students develop better hand-eye coordination in a classroom setting. However, more precise dental-related tests and questionnaires can always be developed through further study; doing so would yield a wealth of information that would be immensely useful to the dental sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia S Sadeghi
- Department Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Majd W Alsaffarini
- Department Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Noor W Almahmeed
- Department Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rafiq M Foaud
- Department Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rayaheen R Kilidar
- Department Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Sara K Eldessouky
- Department Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Natheer H Al-Rawi
- Department Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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Squillace M, Krupp L, Ray S, Muratori LM. Pinch Strength Measurements in Adolescents With Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis. Int J MS Care 2023; 25:30-34. [PMID: 36711222 PMCID: PMC9881422 DOI: 10.7224/1537-2073.2021-046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative disease with typical onset between 20 and 50 years of age. An increase in MS cases has been found in the adolescent US population. Adolescents require fine motor manipulation skills for their functional and academic performance. Deficits in the major components of manipulation skills may result in insufficient function. This study examined the 2-point, 3-point, and lateral pinch strength of adolescents diagnosed as having MS. METHODS Seventy-four adolescents, 37 with a diagnosis of relapsing-remitting MS and a control group of 37 age-matched peers, participated in this study. Data on 2-point, 3-point, and lateral pinch strength in both hands were collected using a pinch meter. Analyses of covariance were used to describe differences across the 2 groups, and effect sizes (Cohen d) were calculated by finding the mean difference between the study groups divided by the pooled SD. RESULTS A significant difference was found in the 2-point pinch strength of the right hand of participants with pediatric MS compared with age- and sex-matched control participants. There were no significant differences in 2-point pinch strength of the left hand or in 3-point or lateral pinch strength of the right and left hands. CONCLUSIONS Pinch grasp strength was differentially affected in adolescents with MS. Pinch strength should be assessed and considered in adolescents with MS for a better understanding of their functional performance of fine motor tasks in activities of daily living and academics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Squillace
- From the Occupational Therapy Department, School of Health Professions, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, USA (MS)
| | - Lauren Krupp
- From the New York University Langone Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center, New York, NY, USA (LK)
| | - Sharon Ray
- From the Occupational Therapy Department, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA (SR)
| | - Lisa M. Muratori
- From the Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Technology and Management, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA (LMM)
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Tygesen MLB, Maigaard K, Hagstrøm J, Skov L, Plessen KJ, Debes NMM. Fine Motor Skills in Children with Tourette Syndrome and their Unaffected First-degree Siblings. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2023; 11:60-68. [PMID: 37359272 PMCID: PMC10286835 DOI: 10.2478/sjcapp-2023-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The exact etiology of Tourette Syndrome (TS) remains unclear, making the search for impaired neuropsychological functions possibly connected to the underlying cause of TS as important as it is challenging. One neuropsychological domain of interest is fine motor skills. Method This study compared fine motor skill performance on the Purdue Pegboard Task (PPT) in 18 children with TS, 24 unaffected first-degree siblings and 20 controls. A set of screening questionnaires was administered to determine comorbid psychiatric illness. Results Children with TS, their siblings and controls did not differ significantly in fine motor skills as measured with the PPT. Performance on the PPT was not correlated with tic severity; however, we found an inverse correlation with severity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, as assessed by parent reported ADHD symptoms. Children with TS were found to have significantly higher parent reported ADHD symptoms compared to controls, yet only two out of the 18 participants had been diagnosed with ADHD. Conclusion This study suggests that fine motor skill impairment in children with TS may be more strongly correlated with comorbid ADHD than to TS and tics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Louise Boeg Tygesen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Gentofte, Capital Region of Denmark
| | - Katrine Maigaard
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Gentofte, Capital Region of Denmark
| | - Julie Hagstrøm
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Gentofte, Capital Region of Denmark
| | - Liselotte Skov
- Department of Pediatrics, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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De Maio M, Castellani L, Cugusi L, Cortis C, Fusco A. The Effect of a Combined Exercise Program on Postural Control and Fine Motor Skills in Parkinson's Disease: Study Design. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15216. [PMID: 36429935 PMCID: PMC9691118 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive and neurodegenerative disorder defined by physical symptoms such as hand disability and postural instability. To counteract the detrimental effects of PD, physical activity programs showed improvements in overall aspects of physical functioning. Therefore, this protocol will aim to evaluate the effect a of postural and fine motor skills training program in older adults with PD. PD individuals, with mild to moderate stage PD, aged between 65 to 80 years, will be voluntary selected from the Nursing Home Residences and Rehabilitation Centers. Subsequently, they will be randomly assigned to intervention group (PD) to receive a combined training program (postural control and fine motor skills exercises) or to the Control group (CON) to receive a stretching program. Before (PRE) and after (POST) a 12-week program both groups will perform wobble board (WB) and grooved pegboard (GPT) tests. Different performances between groups will be expected: (1) no significant differences between PD and CON group for WB and GPT test values before the beginning of the training intervention (PRE); (2) significantly better WB and GPT test values in PD subjects after the training intervention (POST) when compared to the base values (PRE); and (3) no significant differences in WB and GPT test values in CON subjects after the training intervention (POST) when compared to the base values (PRE). The findings of the present study protocol could be used for future studies investigating clinical populations, such as PD, and the effects of different rehabilitative interventions aiming to improve postural control and fine motor skills performances assessed by WB and GPT tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna De Maio
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Lazio Meridionale, Viale dell’Università, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Loriana Castellani
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Lazio Meridionale, Viale dell’Università, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Lucia Cugusi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Cristina Cortis
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Lazio Meridionale, Viale dell’Università, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Andrea Fusco
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Lazio Meridionale, Viale dell’Università, 03043 Cassino, Italy
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Lupanova KV, Snopkov PS, Mikhailova AA, Sidyakina IV. [Methods to restore fine motor skills in stroke patients]. Vopr kurortol fizioter lech fiz kul't 2022; 99:56-64. [PMID: 36511468 DOI: 10.17116/kurort20229906256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The review article considers the problem of nonmedical post-stroke rehabilitation, in particular the restoration of fine motor skills in patients in the early period of the disease. A review and analysis of various randomized controlled trials concerning the use of various rehabilitation methods both in monotherapy and in their combined application is carried out, and modern technical devices, with the use of computer technology and biofeedback, are reviewed. Proceeding from the presented literature data and their analysis, there are certain grounds for introducing modern apparatus complexes and robotized devices for fine motor skills restoration in post-stroke patients, especially in the early period, into the multimodal rehabilitation system. However, further research in this direction is needed to achieve a sustained positive result.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Lupanova
- Biomedical University of Innovation and Continuing Education of the Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - P S Snopkov
- Clinical Hospital in Otradnoe of the Medsi Group of Companies JSC, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Mikhailova
- Clinical Hospital in Otradnoe of the Medsi Group of Companies JSC, Moscow, Russia.,Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Sidyakina
- Biomedical University of Innovation and Continuing Education of the Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia.,Clinical Hospital in Otradnoe of the Medsi Group of Companies JSC, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Volovets SA, Badalov NG, Borodulina IV, Yakovlev MY. [Effectiveness of using a hardware complex with biofeedback in the rehabilitation of children with dysfunction of the upper limbs]. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult 2022; 99:37-47. [PMID: 36279375 DOI: 10.17116/kurort20229905137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The upper limb is of exceptional importance for human life as an organ of cognitive and practical activity. Fine motor skills of hands are a set of small, highly coordinated, precise and coordinated movements of varying degrees. Diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems lead to violations of fine motor skills. Effective programs for medical rehabilitation of hand and fingers include using biofeedback devices (BFB). PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Efficiency evaluation of the hardware-software complex with BFB in restoring the impaired function of the upper limb in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS The clinical study included 79 patients aged 4 to 18 years with dysfunction of the upper limb not higher than level III according to MACS (The Manual Ability Classification System), who were divided by simple randomization into the main group (49 patients) who received 21 days of a comprehensive rehabilitation program (physiotherapy exercises, paretic muscle massage, mechanotherapy, hydrokinesiotherapy, methods of apparatus physiotherapy) using a hardware-software complex, and a comparison group (30 patients), in which the complex rehabilitation program did not include biofeedback procedures. RESULTS This performed prospective open randomized comparative study revealed the effectiveness of the standard rehabilitation program in combination with training on the BFB complex (main group) to be higher than using only the standard program. After treatment, patients of the main group showed a noticeable decrease in the degree of muscle spasticity in the affected limb, strengthening of muscle strength, improvement of fine and gross motor skills of the hands, and improvement of manual skills. CONCLUSION The use of a hardware-software complex with biofeedback in children with dysfunction of upper limbs increases effectiveness of the rehabilitation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Volovets
- Scientific and Practical Center of Medical and Social Rehabilitation named after L.I. Shvetsova, Moscow, Russia
| | - N G Badalov
- Scientific and Practical Center of Medical and Social Rehabilitation named after L.I. Shvetsova, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Borodulina
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Yu Yakovlev
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
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Shi Y, Hanson AC, Schroeder DR, Haines KM, Kirsch AC, Macoun S, Zaccariello MJ, Warner DO. Longitudinal assessment of cognitive function in young children undergoing general anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2021; 128:294-300. [PMID: 34903364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to general anaesthesia in children may be related to deficits in certain areas of cognition. It is unclear if these deficits could be measured in the immediate postoperative period in young children. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the trajectory of cognitive function in the domains of processing speed, working memory, and fine motor skills amongst children aged 2.5-6 yr who underwent general anaesthesia for elective surgery. METHODS Children who were scheduled to receive general anaesthesia for surgery were recruited for assessment of cognitive function at three times: preoperatively, 1-2 weeks postoperatively, and 3 months postoperatively. Assessments included processing speed, working memory, and fine motor skills. To assess longitudinal changes in the cognitive outcomes, linear mixed models were built with visit number included as a categorical variable and subject-specific random intercepts. RESULTS Sixty-one children (33 girls [54%]) enrolled in the study. Twenty-three children (38%) had received general anaesthesia previously. Significant improvements in picture memory, cancellation, and the processing speed composite were found at Visit 2. The improvement in cancellation and processing speed composite remained significant at Visit 3. Statistically significant improvement in Mullen fine motor score was noticed at Visit 3 compared with Visit 1. The pattern of results did not depend upon prior anaesthesia exposure. CONCLUSIONS General anaesthesia for elective surgery in young children was not associated with declines in working memory, processing speed, and fine motor skills in the first 3 months postoperatively, including in children with prior exposure to anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Andrew C Hanson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Kelly M Haines
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alexandra C Kirsch
- Department of Psychology, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Macoun
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - David O Warner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Sorgente V, Cohen EJ, Bravi R, Minciacchi D. Crosstalk between Gross and Fine Motor Domains during Late Childhood: The Influence of Gross Motor Training on Fine Motor Performances in Primary School Children. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182111387. [PMID: 34769903 PMCID: PMC8583408 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gross and fine motor competence have a close relationship during development and are shown to correlate to some extent. However, the study of the interaction between these domains still requires further insights. In this study, we investigated the developmental changes in overall motor skills as well as the effects of gross motor training programs on fine motor skills in children (aged 6–11, n = 240). Fine motor skills were assessed before and after gross motor intervention using the Box and Block Test. The gross motor intervention was based on the Test of Gross Motor Development—3rd Edition. Results showed that gross and fine motor skills correlate across all years of primary school, both significantly improving with age. Finally, the gross motor intervention appeared to not influence fine motor skills. Our findings show that during primary school age, overall motor development is continuous, but non-linear. From age nine onward, there seems to be a major step-up in overall motor competence, of which teachers/educators should be aware of in order to design motor educational programs accordingly. While gross and fine motor domains might be functionally integrated to enhance children’s motor performances, further research is needed to clarify the effect of gross motor practice on fine motor performances.
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15
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Salans M, Tibbs MD, Karunamuni R, Yip A, Huynh-Le MP, Macari AC, Reyes A, Tringale K, McDonald CR, Hattangadi-Gluth JA. Longitudinal change in fine motor skills after brain radiotherapy and in vivo imaging biomarkers associated with decline. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:1393-1403. [PMID: 33543265 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored fine motor skills (FMS) before and after brain radiotherapy (RT), analyzing associations between longitudinal FMS and imaging biomarkers of cortical and white matter (WM) integrity in motor regions of interest (ROIs). METHODS On a prospective trial, 52 primary brain tumor patients receiving fractionated brain RT underwent volumetric brain MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and FMS assessments (Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Trail Making Test Motor Speed [DKEFS-MS], Grooved Pegboard Dominant Hands [PDH], and Grooved Pegboard Nondominant Hands [PNDH]) at baseline and 3-, 6-, and 12-month post-RT. Motor ROIs autosegmented included: sensorimotor cortices and superficial WM, corticospinal tracts, cerebellar cortices and WM, and basal ganglia. Volume (cc) was measured in all ROIs at each timepoint. Diffusion biomarkers (FA [fractional anisotropy] and MD [mean diffusivity]) were additionally measured in WM ROIs. Linear mixed-effects models assessed biomarkers as predictors of FMS scores. P values were corrected for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Higher RT dose was associated with right paracentral cortical thinning (β = -2.42 Gy/(month × mm), P = .03) and higher right precentral WM MD (β = 0.69 Gy/(month × µm2/ms), P = .04). Higher left (β = 38.7 points/(month × µm2/ms), P = .004) and right (β = 42.4 points/(month × µm2/ms), P = .01) cerebellar WM MD, left precentral cortical atrophy (β = -8.67 points/(month × mm), P = .02), and reduced right cerebral peduncle FA (β = -0.50 points/month, P = .01) were associated with worse DKEFS-MS performance. Left precentral cortex thinning was associated with worse PDH scores (β = -17.3 points/(month × mm), P = .02). Left (β = -0.87 points/(month × cm3), P = .001) and right (β = -0.64 points/(month × cm3), P = .02) cerebellar cortex, left pons (β = -19.8 points/(month × cm3), P = .02), and right pallidum (β = -10.8 points/(month × cm3), P = .02) atrophy and reduced right internal capsule FA (β = -1.02 points/month, P = .03) were associated with worse PNDH performance. CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers of microstructural injury in motor-associated brain regions were associated with worse FMS. Dose avoidance in these areas may preserve FMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Salans
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michelle D Tibbs
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Roshan Karunamuni
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anthony Yip
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Minh-Phuong Huynh-Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Anna Christina Macari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anny Reyes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kathryn Tringale
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carrie R McDonald
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jona A Hattangadi-Gluth
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Knatauskaitė J, Pukėnas K, Trinkūnienė L, Budde H. Effects of Different Types of Exercise Training on Fine Motor Skills and Testosterone Concentration in Adolescents: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:8243. [PMID: 34443992 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We sought to compare the effect of two types of exercise training on fine motor skills and to establish their association with the salivary testosterone. Research participants, 135 adolescents (68 adolescent females; mean age = 12.76, SD = 0.85) were assigned into three groups: coordinative exercise (CE), cardiovascular exercise (CVE), and the control group (CON). Fine motor skills were assessed with a drawing trail test and salivary testosterone concentration was measured before and after 10 weeks of intervention. There were no significant changes in fine motor skills and testosterone concentration after either CE or CVE training. However, a significant positive correlation between post-test fine motor skills and post-test testosterone concentration was found after the CVE training. One type of exercise training cannot be singled out as more effective for fine motor skills and testosterone activity. Nevertheless, our results showed a relationship between fine motor skills and testosterone concentration after the CVE training. Thus, the type of exercise training is important in the exercise-induced testosterone effect on fine motor skills.
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17
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Taverna L, Bellavere M, Tremolada M, Santinelli L, Rudelli N, Mainardi M, Onder G, Putti MC, Biffi A, Tosetto B. Oncological Children and Well-Being: Occupational Performance and HRQOL Change after Fine Motor Skills Stimulation Activities. Pediatr Rep 2021; 13:383-400. [PMID: 34287368 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric13030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer children experience long periods of hospitalization, which are associated with limited performance in several developmental domains and participation restrictions in age appropriate occupations. Fine motor abilities represent building blocks in performing daily life skills and have been found to be closely connected with later academic success. Moreover, medical and psychological sequelae for cancer inpatients may result in diminished daily activities functioning, poor perceived health related quality of life (HRQOL), and increase the likelihood of long-term impairments. This study examines the variations in the occupational performance of children hospitalized for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after their participation to a stimulation program designed to enhance fine motor skills. Parents reported significant gains in children's motor functioning, a slight improvement in overall occupational performance related to an increase in the area of productivity and self-care, and a better quality of life perception following the stimulation activities. Feasibility of the stimulation program in a health care setting are discussed evaluating its benefits for cancer children and their families.
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18
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Kamel RM, Mehrem ES, Mounir SM, Essa MM, Fergany LA, Elbedewy MA. Sensorineural hearing loss imprint on fine motor skills: A pediatric and adolescent innovative study. NeuroRehabilitation 2021; 48:285-292. [PMID: 33523031 DOI: 10.3233/nre-201589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common type of permanent hearing impairment and results in balance and motor deficits in children which may affect and/or delay all developmental indicators. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the consequences of sensorineural hearing loss regarding fine motor skills in children and adolescents. METHODS Two hundred children with an age range between 7 to 18 years and diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss were selected from the Public School for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in El-Minia district, Minia governorate, Egypt. The outcome was assessed by the use of Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition scale (BOT-2) to measure fine motor skills. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between the scores of Fine Motor Precision and Fine Motor Integration subtests of each study subgroup and its counterpart subgroup in the control group (normative values according to the scale) which has the same age and gender characteristics where p value equals (0.0008 or less, 0.0009 or less) respectively, with a large effect size less than -0.83. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that children with sensorineural hearing loss have a defect in their fine motor skills when compared to normal children of the same gender and age groups according to Bruininks-Oseretsky scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshdy M Kamel
- Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Ahram Canadian University, Egypt
| | - Elsayed S Mehrem
- Pediatrics & Pediatric Surgery Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Samir M Mounir
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, El-Minia University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Essa
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Lamyaa A Fergany
- Neurology & Neuro-Surgery Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elbedewy
- Department of Physical Therapy for Internal Medicine and Neurology, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Egypt
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Lopez-de-Ipina K, Solé-Casals J, Sánchez-Méndez JI, Romero-Garcia R, Fernandez E, Requejo C, Poologaindran A, Faúndez-Zanuy M, Martí-Massó JF, Bergareche A, Suckling J. Analysis of Fine Motor Skills in Essential Tremor: Combining Neuroimaging and Handwriting Biomarkers for Early Management. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:648573. [PMID: 34168544 PMCID: PMC8219239 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.648573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is a highly prevalent neurological disorder characterized by action-induced tremors involving the hand, voice, head, and/or face. Importantly, hand tremor is present in nearly all forms of ET, resulting in impaired fine motor skills and diminished quality of life. To advance early diagnostic approaches for ET, automated handwriting tasks and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offer an opportunity to develop early essential clinical biomarkers. In this study, we present a novel approach for the early clinical diagnosis and monitoring of ET based on integrating handwriting and neuroimaging analysis. We demonstrate how the analysis of fine motor skills, as measured by an automated Archimedes' spiral task, is correlated with neuroimaging biomarkers for ET. Together, we present a novel modeling approach that can serve as a complementary and promising support tool for the clinical diagnosis of ET and a large range of tremors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmele Lopez-de-Ipina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- EleKin Research Group, Department of System Engineering and Automation, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jordi Solé-Casals
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Data and Signal Processing Research Group, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Sánchez-Méndez
- EleKin Research Group, Department of System Engineering and Automation, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Elsa Fernandez
- EleKin Research Group, Department of System Engineering and Automation, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Catalina Requejo
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anujan Poologaindran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - José Félix Martí-Massó
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium for the Area of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Bergareche
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium for the Area of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - John Suckling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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20
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Abstract
Children’s fine motor skills (FMS) link to cognitive development, however, research on their involvement in language processing, also with adults, is scarce. Lexical items are processed differently depending on the degree of sensorimotor information inherent in the words’ meanings, such as whether these imply a body-object interaction (BOI) or a body-part association (i.e., hand, arm, mouth, foot). Accordingly, three studies examined whether lexical processing was affected by FMS, BOIness, and body-part associations in children (study 1, n = 77) and adults (study 2, n = 80; study 3, n = 71). Analyses showed a differential link between FMS and lexical processing as a function of age. Whereas response latencies indicated that children’s FMS were associated with “hand” words, adults’ FMS linked to the broader concept of BOI. Findings have implications for shared activation theories positing that FMS support lexical processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Winter
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Heidrun Stoeger
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Suggate
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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21
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Abstract
Prior research has demonstrated that motor skill learning is often disrupted by self-focus and attempts to control movement. The propensity for reinvestment (i.e., self-focus and movement control) has been associated with poor motor skill learning in sport and surgery, but it has not yet been examined in dental education. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the propensity for disruptive reinvestment among dental students so as to optimize their learning needs. Volunteer dental students (210) completed three reinvestment surveys to investigate their self-reported propensity to engage in conscious self-monitoring and control of their movements and decisions. We used analysis of variance (ANOVA), with post-hoc analyses as appropriate, to assess the effect of various participant demographics on their reinvestment scores. Male participants had a lower mean reinvestment scale score than females (p < .05). Older participants were found to have a lower mean movement reinvestment score, compared to younger reinvesters (p < .05). On the other hand, younger reinvesters had a lower mean decision reinvestment score compared to the older age group (p < .05). When compared with participants in previous studies our participants obtained a significantly higher reinvestment score (p < .05). In conclusion, gender and age may be related to dental students' self-reported propensity to reinvest. Moreover, dental students were found to be more self-conscious when compared with individuals who perform gross motor skill tasks. These results provide insight into the acquisition of dental skills that may assist in designing pre-clinical training curriculum in dental education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Kishawi
- Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Department, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, UAE
| | - Khaled Khalaf
- Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Department, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, UAE
| | - Sausan Al Kawas
- Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Department, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, UAE
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22
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Zheng Y, Tian B, Zhang Y, Wang D. Effect of force accuracy on hemodynamic response: an fNIRS study using fine visuomotor task. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33784650 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abf399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Despite converging neuroimaging studies investigating how neural activity is modulated by various motor related factors, such as movement velocity and force magnitude, little has been devoted to identifying the effect of force accuracy. This study thus aimed to investigate the effect of task difficulty on cortical neural responses when participants performed a visuomotor task with varying demands on force accuracy.Approach. Fourteen healthy adults performed a set of force generation operations with six levels of force accuracy. The participants held a pen-shaped tool and moved the tool along a planar ring path, meanwhile producing a constant force against the plane under visual guidance. The required force accuracy was modulated by allowable tolerance of the force during the task execution. We employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy to record signals from bilateral prefrontal, sensorimotor and occipital areas, used the hemoglobin concentration as indicators of cortical activation, then calculated the effective connectivity across these regions by Granger causality.Main results.We observed overall stronger activation (oxy-hemoglobin concentration,p= 0.015) and connectivity (p< 0.05) associated with the initial increase in force accuracy, and the diminished trend in activation and connectivity when participants were exposed to excessive demands on accurate force generation. These findings suggested that the increasing task difficulty would be only beneficial for the mental investment up to a certain point, and above that point neural responses would show patterns of lower activation and connections, revealing mental overload at excessive task demands.Significance.Our results provide the first evidence for the inverted U-shaped effect of force accuracy on hemodynamic responses during fine visuomotor tasks. The insights obtained through this study also highlight the essential role of inter-region connectivity alterations for coping with task difficulty, enhance our understanding of the underlying motor neural processes, and provide the groundwork for developing adaptive neurorehabilitation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dangxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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23
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Wawrzyniak S, Cichy I, Matias AR, Pawlik D, Kruszwicka A, Klichowski M, Rokita A. Physical Activity With Eduball Stimulates Graphomotor Skills in Primary School Students. Front Psychol 2021; 12:614138. [PMID: 33746835 PMCID: PMC7969879 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.614138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the general agreement that the interdisciplinary model of physical education (PE), based on the incorporation of core academic subjects into the PE curriculum, stimulates the holistic development of students, there is still a lack of methods for its implementation. Therefore, Eduball was created, i.e., a method that uses educational balls with printed letters, numbers, and other signs. Numerous studies have shown that children participating in activities with Eduballs can develop their physical fitness while simultaneously improving their academic performance, particularly in math and language, including some writing skills. However, little is known about the effects of Eduball on children's graphomotor skills, which are key for the academic performance of students throughout the entire schooling process. Here, we investigate whether 6-month participation in PE with Eduball stimulates graphomotor skills in primary school students, such as drawing prehandwriting letter patterns on unlined or lined paper and rewriting text on unlined or lined paper. Our results show that the Eduball class (N = 28) significantly improved these skills compared to the control class (N = 26) participating in traditional PE. For example, students from the experimental group wrote with a lower pen pressure and better stability of the line, in contrast to those from the control group. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the Eduball method successfully supports teachers in developing graphomotor skills in children. More broadly, our findings make clear once again that there is the need to integrate physical and cognitive development in education, which can be achieved by using an interdisciplinary model of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Wawrzyniak
- Department of Team Sports Games, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Cichy
- Department of Team Sports Games, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ana Rita Matias
- Department of Sports and Health, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Damian Pawlik
- Department of Biology and Motor Sports Fundamentals, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Michal Klichowski
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Rokita
- Department of Team Sports Games, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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24
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Arabiat D, Jabery MA, Kemp V, Jenkins M, Whitehead LC, Adams G. Motor Developmental Outcomes in Children Exposed to Maternal Diabetes during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:1699. [PMID: 33578786 PMCID: PMC7916519 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the association of maternal diabetes with motor development in children provide inconsistent findings. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Emcare, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases for primary observational, case-control, or cohort studies that report on the motor development of children exposed to maternal diabetes during pregnancy. Quality appraisal and data extraction were performed independently and in duplicate. A meta-analysis of summary measures was performed using random-effect models. Eighteen studies were identified for inclusion, however, only 13 were included in the meta-analysis. Exposure to maternal diabetes during pregnancy was associated with a lower pooled motor development in children and a decrease in both gross and fine motor development. Among all other factors, pre-existing diabetes and other gestational comorbidities, such as hypertension and obesity, or low socioeconomic status, also affect child development. Therefore, among children of diabetic mothers, those with other gestational comorbidities or pre-existing diabetes were more likely to be at risk developmentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Arabiat
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia
- Maternal and Child Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Al Jabery
- Counselling and Special Education Department, Faculty of Educational Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Vivien Kemp
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia
| | - Mark Jenkins
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia
| | - Lisa C Whitehead
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia
| | - Gary Adams
- Queen's Medical Centre, School of Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HA, UK
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Lang C, Gries C, Lindenberg KS, Lewerenz J, Uhl S, Olsson C, Samzelius J, Landwehrmeyer GB. Monitoring the Motor Phenotype in Huntington's Disease by Analysis of Keyboard Typing During Real Life Computer Use. J Huntingtons Dis 2021; 10:259-268. [PMID: 33459656 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-200451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides cognitive and psychiatric abnormalities, motor symptoms are the most prominent in Huntington's disease. The manifest disease is preceded by a prodromal phase with subtle changes such as fine motor disturbances or concentration problems. OBJECTIVE Movement disorders show a high variation in their clinical manifestation depending on condition and external influences. Therefore, devices for continuous measurements, which patients use in their daily life and which can monitor motor abnormalities, in addition to the medical examination, might be useful. The aim of current scientific efforts is to find markers that reflect the prodromal phase in gene carriers. This is important for future interventional studies, as future therapies should be applied at the stage of neuronal dysfunction, i.e., before the clinical manifestation. METHODS We performed a software-supported, continuous monitoring of keyboard typing on the participants' own computer to evaluate this method as a tool to assess the motor phenotype in HD. We included 40 participants and obtained sufficient data from 25 participants, 12 of whom were manifest HD patients, 7 HD gene expansion carriers (HDGEC) and 6 healthy controls. RESULTS In a cross-sectional analysis we found statistically significant higher typing inconsistency in HD patients compared to controls. Typing inconsistency compared between HDGEC and healthy controls showed a trend to higher inconsistency levels in HDGEC. We found correlations between typing cadence and clinical scores: the UHDRS finger tapping item, the composite UHDRS and the CAP score. CONCLUSION The typing cadence inconsistency is an appropriate marker to evaluate fine motor skills of HD patients and HDGEC and is correlated to established clinical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lang
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Jan Lewerenz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefanie Uhl
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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26
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Liu HY, Guo J, Zeng C, Cao Y, Ran R, Wu T, Yang G, Zhao D, Yang P, Yu X, Zhang W, Liu SM, Zhang Y. Transient Early Fine Motor Abnormalities in Infants Born to COVID-19 Mothers Are Associated With Placental Hypoxia and Ischemia. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:793561. [PMID: 35071136 PMCID: PMC8772397 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.793561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Long-term effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on infants born to infected mothers are not clear. Fine motor skills are crucial for the development of infant emotional regulation, learning ability and social skills. Methods: Clinical information of 100 infants born to 98 mothers (COVID-19 n = 31, non-COVID-19 n = 67) were collected. Infants were follow-up up to 9 months post-partum. The placental tissues were examined for SARS-CoV-2 infection, pathological changes, cytokines, and mtDNA content. Results: Decreased placental oxygen and nutrient transport capacity were found in infected pregnant women. Increased IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were detected in trophoblast cells and maternal blood of COVID-19 placentas. Elevated early fine motor abnormal-ities and increased serum TNI (troponin I) levels at delivery were observed in infants born to mothers with COVID-19. Increased abnormal mitochondria and elevated mtDNA content were found in the placentas from infected mothers. The placental mtDNA content of three infants with abnormal DDST were increased by 4, 7, and 10%, respectively, compared to the mean of the COVID-19 group. The Maternal Vascular Malperfusion (MVM), elevated cytokines and increased placental mtDNA content in mothers with COVID-19 might be associated with transient early fine motor abnormalities in infants. These abnormalities are only temporary, and they could be corrected by daily training. Conclusions: Babies born to COVID-19 mothers with mild symptoms appeared to have little or no excess long-term risks of abnormal physical and neurobehavioral development as compared with the infants delivered by non-COVID-19 mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Yu Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Juanjuan Guo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Zeng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yuming Cao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruoxi Ran
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Center for Gene Diagnosis, and Program of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiancheng Wu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Guifang Yang
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongchi Zhao
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pu Yang
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuechen Yu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.,Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Song-Mei Liu
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Center for Gene Diagnosis, and Program of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health, Wuhan, China
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27
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Alghadir AH, Zafar H, Iqbal ZA. Can jaw position affect the fine motor activity of the hand during writing? Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01887. [PMID: 33085222 PMCID: PMC7749588 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jaw and neck systems have been shown to be functionally related and changes in either system can modulate gross motor functions, such as posture control. It remains to be seen if any change in jaw position can affect fine motor skills. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of resting, open and clenched jaw positions on various handwriting parameters while standing on firm and unstable surfaces. METHODS Handwriting samples were collected from 36 healthy male participants (age, 15-35 years) using a digitizer tablet (WACOM Intuos 4) with noninking pen in the resting, open and clenched jaw positions while standing on firm and unstable surfaces. The measured handwriting parameters included duration, vertical size, horizontal size, absolute size, average absolute velocity, and absolute jerk. Recordings and analyses were performed using NeuroScript MovAlyzeR software. RESULTS All handwriting parameters varied among the resting, open, and clenched jaw positions on both the firm and unstable surfaces. However, based on statistical analyses, there were no significant differences in the handwriting parameters among three jaw positions on both surfaces (p > .05). CONCLUSION This study revealed that all handwriting parameters varied among the resting, open, and clenched jaw positions on both the firm and unstable surfaces, showing that change in the jaw motor system may potentially affect the fine motor skills. However, on statistical analysis, there was no significant effect of 3 studied jaw positions on fine motor skills as seen on gross motor skills among healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Alghadir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamayun Zafar
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Odontology, Clinical Oral Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Zaheen A Iqbal
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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28
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El-Kishawi M, Khalaf K, Masters R, Winning T. Effect of errorless learning on the acquisition of fine motor skills in pre-clinical endodontics. AUST ENDOD J 2020; 47:43-53. [PMID: 33247634 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of errorless and errorful learning, on acquisition of root canal hand-instrumentation skills. Dental students prepared standardised canals of different diameters and curvatures. Learning involved minimising (errorless: n = 21) or maximising errors (errorful: n = 21). Students who had completed accredited pre-clinical activities provided comparative data (n = 17). During testing, the distal canal of a plastic mandibular molar was prepared, first as a single task and then under multi-tasking conditions. Performance was assessed by preparation accuracy and time. Differences were assessed using anova (P < 0.05). Performance in the experimental groups was similar during learning. When multi-tasking, errorful learners showed a deterioration in preparation accuracy (P < 0.05). In contrast, preparation accuracy and completion times for the errorless and comparative groups remained stable when multi-tasking. Errorless learning resulted in stable performance under multi-tasking conditions. Investigation of alternative approaches to learning motor skills in dentistry is warranted as such approaches may provide better outcomes, especially under demanding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaled Khalaf
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rich Masters
- Faculty of Education, University of Waikato, Waikato, New Zealand
| | - Tracey Winning
- School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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29
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Bondi D, Prete G, Malatesta G, Robazza C. Laterality in Children: Evidence for Task-Dependent Lateralization of Motor Functions. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17186705. [PMID: 32942557 PMCID: PMC7558377 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The behavioral preference for the use of one side of the body starts from pre-natal life and prompt humans to develop motor asymmetries. The type of motor task completed influences those functional asymmetries. However, there is no real consensus on the occurrence of handedness during developmental ages. Therefore, we aimed to determine which motor asymmetries emerged differently during childhood. A total sample of 381 children in grades 1 to 5 (6-11 years old) of primary school were recruited and tested for two fine coordination tasks (Floppy, led by dexterity, and Thumb, led by speed-dominated skills) and handgrip strength (HS). Data about their handedness, footedness and sports participation were also collected. Children performed better with their dominant side, especially for the Floppy and HS tests. The asymmetries were more marked in right-handed children and did not differ by age, gender or type of sport. Our findings support the thesis of a functional lateralization in complex coordinative tasks and in maximal strength during developmental ages. Furthermore, our findings extend the evidence of a stronger lateralization in right-handed individuals, demonstrating it at a functional level in primary school children performing motor tasks. Fine motor skills allow a "fine" understanding of developmental trajectories of lateralized behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Bondi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giulia Prete
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Gianluca Malatesta
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Claudio Robazza
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
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30
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Talkar T, Williamson JR, Hannon D, Rao HM, Yuditskaya S, Claypool K, Sturim D, Nowinski L, Saro H, Stamm C, Mody M, McDougle CJ, Quatieri TF. Assessment of speech and fine motor coordination in children with autism spectrum disorder. IEEE Access 2020; 8:127535-127545. [PMID: 33747676 PMCID: PMC7971182 DOI: 10.1109/access.2020.3007348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulty in communication, which includes a high incidence of speech production errors. We hypothesize that these errors are partly due to underlying deficits in motor coordination and control, which are also manifested in degraded fine motor control of facial expressions and purposeful hand movements. In this pilot study, we computed correlations of acoustic, video, and handwriting time-series derived from five children with ASD and five children with neurotypical development during speech and handwriting tasks. These correlations and eigenvalues derived from the correlations act as a proxy for motor coordination across articulatory, laryngeal, and respiratory speech production systems and for fine motor skills. We utilized features derived from these correlations to discriminate between children with and without ASD. Eigenvalues derived from these correlations highlighted differences in complexity of coordination across speech subsystems and during handwriting, and helped discriminate between the two subject groups. These results suggest differences in coupling within speech production and fine motor skill systems in children with ASD. Our long-term goal is to create a platform assessing motor coordination in children with ASD in order to track progress from speech and motor interventions administered by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Talkar
- Speech and Hearing Bioscience & Technology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Human Health and Performance Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA 02142, USA
| | - James R Williamson
- Human Health and Performance Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel Hannon
- Human Health and Performance Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hrishikesh M Rao
- Human Health and Performance Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sophia Yuditskaya
- Human Health and Performance Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kajal Claypool
- Human Health and Performance Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA 02142, USA
| | - Douglas Sturim
- Artificial Intelligence Technology and Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lisa Nowinski
- Massachusetts General Hospital Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Hannah Saro
- Massachusetts General Hospital Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Carol Stamm
- Massachusetts General Hospital Lurie Center for Autism, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Maria Mody
- Massachusetts General Hospital Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115
| | | | - Thomas F Quatieri
- Speech and Hearing Bioscience & Technology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Human Health and Performance Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA 02142, USA
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31
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Hanna S, Elshennawy S, El-Ayadi M, Abdelazeim F. Investigating fine motor deficits during maintenance therapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28385. [PMID: 32400963 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in their early childhood are more susceptible to neuromuscular and musculoskeletal impairments. This cross-sectional study was designed to address different types of fine motor impairments in Egyptian children diagnosed with ALL. METHODS Fifty-four children treated for ALL in maintenance phase aged from four to seven years were compared with an age- and sex-matched control group. Fine motor performance was assessed using the total fine motor form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-second edition (BOT-2). Sex- and age-specific norms of BOT-2 were used to calculate scale and standard scores in both groups. RESULTS Children with ALL had significantly impaired fine motor skills in all subtests and composites of BOT-2 compared with the typically developing group (P < 0.00001). Cumulative doses of vincristine, methotrexate, and dexamethasone revealed no significant correlation with any BOT-2 measure. Males performed significantly better than females in all BOT-2 scores except for the fine motor integration subtest and the total fine motor control composite as no significant differences were observed. The protocol risk stratum, duration of maintenance treatment, and the age at assessment did not significantly affect the BOT-2 measures. CONCLUSION About 67% of children with ALL on maintenance treatment experienced fine motor difficulties. Periodic evaluation along the course of chemotherapy could identify specific impaired fine motor domains providing the base for a successful rehabilitation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Hanna
- Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shorouk Elshennawy
- Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Moatasem El-Ayadi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Faten Abdelazeim
- Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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32
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Fischer U, Suggate SP, Stoeger H. The Implicit Contribution of Fine Motor Skills to Mathematical Insight in Early Childhood. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1143. [PMID: 32581955 PMCID: PMC7283516 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding number magnitude is an important prerequisite for children's mathematical development. One early experience that contributes to this understanding is the common practice of finger counting. Recent research suggested that through repeated finger counting, children internalize their fingers as representations of number magnitude. Furthermore, finger counting habits have been proposed to predict concurrent and future mathematical performance. However, little is known about how finger-based number representations are formed and by which processes they could influence mathematical development. Regarding the emergence of finger-based number representations, it is likely that they result from repeated practice of finger counting. Accordingly, children need sufficient fine motor skills (FMS) to successfully count on their fingers. However, the role that different types of FMS (such as dexterity and graphomotor skills) might play in the development of finger-based number representations is still unknown. In the current study, we investigated (a) whether children's FMS (dexterity and graphomotor skills) are associated with their emerging finger-based number representations (ordinal and cardinal), (b) whether FMS explain variance in children's finger-based number representations beyond the influence of general cognitive skills, and (c) whether the association between FMS and numerical skills is mediated by finger-based representations. We tested associations between preschool children's (N = 80) FMS (dexterity and graphomotor skills), finger-based number representations, and numerical skills. Furthermore, visuo-spatial working memory and nonverbal intelligence were controlled for. Dexterity was related to children's finger-based number representations as well as numerical skills after controlling for chronological age, but not after also controlling for cognitive skills. Moreover, the relationship between dexterity and numerical skills was mediated by finger-based number representations. No such associations were observed for graphomotor skills. These results suggest that dexterity plays a role in children's development of finger-based number representations, which in turn contribute to their numerical skills. Possible explanations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Fischer
- Department of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Thurgau University of Teacher Education, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
- Department of Educational Science, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian P. Suggate
- Department of Educational Science, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Heidrun Stoeger
- Department of Educational Science, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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33
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Barrocas R, Roesch S, Gawrilow C, Moeller K. Putting a Finger on Numerical Development - Reviewing the Contributions of Kindergarten Finger Gnosis and Fine Motor Skills to Numerical Abilities. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1012. [PMID: 32528379 PMCID: PMC7264267 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The well-documented association between fingers and numbers is not only based on the observation that most children use their fingers for counting and initial calculation, but also on extensive behavioral and neuro-functional evidence. In this article, we critically review developmental studies evaluating the association between finger sensorimotor skills (i.e., finger gnosis and fine motor skills) and numerical abilities. In sum, reviewed studies were found to provide evidential value and indicated that both finger gnosis and fine motor skills predict measures of counting, number system knowledge, number magnitude processing, and calculation ability. Therefore, specific and unique contributions of both finger gnosis and fine motor skills to the development of numerical skills seem to be substantiated. Through critical consideration of the reviewed evidence, we suggest that the association of finger gnosis and fine motor skills with numerical abilities may emerge from a combination of functional and redeployment mechanisms, in which the early use of finger-based numerical strategies during childhood might be the developmental process by which number representations become intertwined with the finger sensorimotor system, which carries an innate predisposition for said association to unfold. Further research is nonetheless necessary to clarify the causal mechanisms underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caterina Gawrilow
- Department of Psychology, LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Korbinian Moeller
- Leibniz-Institut fuer Wissensmedien, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Centre for Mathematical Cognition, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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34
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Taverna L, Tremolada M, Tosetto B, Dozza L, Renata ZS. Impact of Psycho-Educational Activities on Visual-Motor Integration, Fine Motor Skills and Name Writing among First Graders: A Kinematic Pilot Study. Children (Basel) 2020; 7:children7040027. [PMID: 32252298 PMCID: PMC7231227 DOI: 10.3390/children7040027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study presents the effects on acquisition of pre-writing skills of educational activities targeting visual-motor integration and fine motor skills on a convenient sample of first graders. After a 10-week intervention program, visual perceptual skills and fine motor control were tested on 13 six-year-old aged children. Participants completed the Beery-Buktenica VMI and the manual dexterity scale of the Movement ABC-2 at baseline (T1), after the intervention program (T2), and one month after the end of the educational activities (T3). Children's writing pressure, frequency, and automaticity were measured using a digitizer during the administration of name writing test at T1, T2, and T3. The purpose of the study was to investigate changes in visual-perceptual abilities and fine motor skills after the intervention program and examine correlational effects on children's kinematic writing performances. Findings reveal that educational activities impacted positively on children's visual motor coordination component of writing improving VMI scores. No statistically significant difference was detected across the three time points on students' manual dexterity skills. Measurement of writing kinematics allows to report and document variations in children's writing during intervention. This pilot study discusses these findings and their implications for the field on early childhood acquisition of foundational skills for handwriting. It also proposes potential topics for future research on this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Taverna
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39042 Brixen-Bressanone, Italy; (L.D.); (Z.S.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0472014029
| | - Marta Tremolada
- Department of Development and Social Psychology and Department of Child and Woman Health, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Women and Child’s Health, Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant Center, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Barbara Tosetto
- Medical School for Health Professions, “Claudiana”, 39100 Bozen, Italy;
| | - Liliana Dozza
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39042 Brixen-Bressanone, Italy; (L.D.); (Z.S.R.)
| | - Zanin Scaratti Renata
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39042 Brixen-Bressanone, Italy; (L.D.); (Z.S.R.)
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Taverna L, Tremolada M, Dozza L, Zanin Scaratti R, Ulrike D, Lallo C, Tosetto B. Who Benefits from An Intervention Program on Foundational Skills for Handwriting Addressed to Kindergarten Children and First Graders? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E2166. [PMID: 32214003 PMCID: PMC7142437 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effectiveness of a 10-wk intervention program based on occupational therapy principles on visual-motor integration skills and fine motor abilities in kindergartners and first graders. We recruited 55 students tested three times with the Visual-Motor Integration Test (VMI) and Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2): before the intervention (T1), post-intervention (T2) and one month later (T3). Research findings: Significant improvements were found on VMI between T1 and T2, particularly for kindergartners. Neither group of children demonstrated changes on manual dexterity scores. The present study showed that the intervention program led to different changes in the at-risk of motor impairment group than in the not at-risk children. Results indicated that games and stimulation activities helped children below the 16th percentile over time in the manual dexterity domain. A gender effect was observed, with female children increasing their abilities over time more than male peers. Future research should concentrate on stimulating fine motor skills in hand manipulation and test how these abilities influence graphomotor skills and handwriting over time. Finally, more research is needed to determine the impact of activities and games carried out in educational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Taverna
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39042 Brixen-Bressanone, Italy; (L.D.); (R.Z.S.)
| | - Marta Tremolada
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Women and Child’s Health, Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant Center, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Liliana Dozza
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39042 Brixen-Bressanone, Italy; (L.D.); (R.Z.S.)
| | - Renata Zanin Scaratti
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39042 Brixen-Bressanone, Italy; (L.D.); (R.Z.S.)
| | - Domahs Ulrike
- Institute for German Linguistics, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Carlo Lallo
- Department of Law, University of Roma Tre, 00154 Rome, Italy;
| | - Barbara Tosetto
- Medical School for Health Professions “Claudiana”, 39100 Bozen, Italy;
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MacRitchie J, Breaden M, Milne AJ, McIntyre S. Cognitive, Motor and Social Factors of Music Instrument Training Programs for Older Adults' Improved Wellbeing. Front Psychol 2020; 10:2868. [PMID: 31998175 PMCID: PMC6968490 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Given emerging evidence that learning to play a musical instrument may lead to a number of cognitive benefits for older adults, it is important to clarify how these training programs can be delivered optimally and meaningfully. The effective acquisition of musical and domain-general skills by later-life learners may be influenced by social, cultural and individual factors within the learning environment. The current study examines the effects of a 10-week piano training program on healthy older adult novices' cognitive and motor skills, in comparison to an inactive waitlisted control group. Fifteen participants completed piano training led by a music facilitator in small groups (max n = 4 per lesson class; two experimental, two waitlisted control groups). Data was collected using an explanatory sequential design: quantitative data from a battery of cognitive and motor tests was collected pre/post-test on all participants, with further post-test data from the waitlisted control group (n = 7). Qualitative data included weekly facilitator observations, participant practice diaries, and an individual, semi-structured, post-experiment interview. Bayesian modelling demonstrated moderate evidence of a strong positive impact of training on part A of the Trail Making test (TMT), indicating improved visuo-motor skills. Moderate evidence for negative impacts of training on part B of the Trail Making Test (and difference score delta) was also found, suggesting no benefit of cognitive switching. Qualitative results revealed that the group learning environment motivated participants to play in musical ensembles and to socialize. Motivation was optimal when all participants were happy with the chosen repertoire (participants reported they were motivated by learning to play familiar music) and when the facilitator observed that groups had formed cohesive bonds. Informed by these factors, exploratory analyses demonstrated strong evidence that a participant's lesson class had an impact on post-test scores (TMT part A). These results not only demonstrate the extent of cognitive benefits of a short-term piano training intervention for older adults, but also the importance of considering the group dynamics in the learning environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer MacRitchie
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew Breaden
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Milne
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah McIntyre
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Ruessel K, Luecke E, Schreiber J. Inhaler Devices in a Geriatric Patient Population: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study on Patient Preferences. Patient Prefer Adherence 2020; 14:1811-1822. [PMID: 33116426 PMCID: PMC7548293 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s262057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the perception and preference of geriatric patients for commonly used inhaler devices in Germany. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a prospective, open-label cross-sectional study with inpatient inhaler-naïve geriatric volunteers (age ≥ 70 years). All 106 participants were interviewed and subjected to a geriatric examination for cognitive, motor and fine motor skills before demonstrating the use of nine inhalers in random order. For each device, patients were asked to test the handling, to assess the device properties and to name the device that they would most or least prefer. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 80.8 years. From a selection of 7 predefined general inhaler attributes, ease of use, discrete handling and inhalation resistance were the most important for the geriatric participants. Across all inhaler devices, the volunteers needed an average of 2.47 attempts to error-free use. The device with the lowest mean number of attempts was the Nexthaler® (1.75; SD ± 0.903), followed by Spiromax® (1.96; SD ± 0.965) and Genuair® (2.05; SD ± 1.027). There was a weak to moderate correlation between the number of attempts required to ensure the correct use of these three inhalers and the patient's cognitive and fine motor skills. Fifty-nine patients (56%) chose the Nexthaler as the inhalation device that they would most prefer (p<0.001 vs other devices). This was followed by Spiromax (n=23; 22%) and Genuair (n=12; 11%). The device that was least favored was the Elpenhaler® (p<0.001 vs other devices). CONCLUSION Patient preference and frequency of inhaler handling-errors may vary between inhaler devices. The Nexthaler was the easiest-to-use and most popular device among inhaler-naïve patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ruessel
- Department of Pneumonology, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eva Luecke
- Department of Pneumonology, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens Schreiber
- Department of Pneumonology, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: Jens Schreiber Department of Pneumonology, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg39120, GermanyTel +49 391 67 15421Fax +49 391 67 13356 Email
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38
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Niechwiej-Szwedo E, Meier K, Christian L, Nouredanesh M, Tung J, Bryden P, Giaschi D. Concurrent maturation of visuomotor skills and motion perception in typically-developing children and adolescents. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 62:353-367. [PMID: 31621075 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Perceptual and visuomotor skills undergo considerable development from early childhood into adolescence; however, the concurrent maturation of these skills has not yet been examined. This study assessed visuomotor function and motion perception in a cross-section of 226 typically-developing children between 4 and 16 years of age. Participants were tested on three tasks hypothesized to engage the dorsal visual stream: threading a bead on a needle, marking dots using a pen, and discriminating form defined by motion contrast. Mature performance was reached between 8 and 12 years, with youngest maturation for kinematic measures for a reach-to-grasp task, and oldest maturation for a precision tapping task. Performance on the motion perception task shared no association with motor skills after controlling for age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa Christian
- Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Mina Nouredanesh
- Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - James Tung
- Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela Bryden
- Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Deborah Giaschi
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Aghoghovwia BE, Goddard L, Oorschot DE. Long-Term Fine Motor Capability on the Staircase Test Correlates with the Absolute Number, but Not the Density, of DARPP-Positive Neurons in the Caudate-Putamen. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:2040-2048. [PMID: 31177619 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of long-term functional and anatomical outcomes in the same animal is considered a powerful strategy for correlating structure with function. In a neonatal animal model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury that is relevant to cerebral palsy, long-term functional deficits on the staircase test and long-term anatomical deficits in the absolute number of medium-spiny projection neurons in the caudate-putamen were reported in different animals due to logistical constraints. Here, we investigated if these functional and anatomical measures were correlated when measured in the same animals. The medium-spiny projection neurons were investigated because (1) they comprise the vast majority (>97%) of all neurons in the caudate-putamen and (2) motor deficits observed during staircase testing are likely to involve these striatal medium-spiny projection neurons through their connections. We found that long-term skilled forepaw capability on the staircase test was correlated with the absolute number of DARPP-32-positive medium-spiny projection neurons in the caudate-putamen. Specifically, deficits in skilled forepaw ability for the number of sugar pellets eaten and retrieved, and for the maximum staircase level reached, were significantly correlated with a lower absolute neuronal number. We also found that skilled forepaw ability on the staircase test was not correlated with the neuronal density (i.e., number per unit volume) of DARPP-32-positive medium-spiny projection neurons. Since neuronal density is an indirect measure of neuronal survival that is used in the literature, and absolute neuronal number is a direct measure, the results also highlight the scientific value of measuring absolute neuronal number. Anat Rec, 302:2040-2048, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Aghoghovwia
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Liping Goddard
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dorothy E Oorschot
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Abstract
This study sought to select the most relevant test items from the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOTMP-2) and from a selection of health-related fitness tests for identifying school teenagers with poor motor coordination. The 241 participants in this study (144 boys, 97 girls aged 13-14 years old) were tested on the short form of the BOTMP-2 and on the following additional fitness tests: (a) seated medicine ball test, (b) broad jump, (c) handgrip strength, (d) alternate hand ball wall toss, (e) 10 × 5-meter agility shuttle run, and (f) Chester step test. We performed a factor analysis of participant scores on these various tasks and BOTMP-2 test items to reduce them to the least number of meaningful and useful items. Four factors explained 45% of the data variance: gross motor skills and power (including broad jump, hand ball toss, shuttle run, and sit-ups tests); fine motor skills (including copying star, following the maze and paper folding); core strength and balance (including push-ups, hopping, and balance beam); and general body strength (including medicine ball throw and handgrip). We conclude that an efficient school-based battery of test items to screen 13-14 year old adolescents for fitness and coordination should assess these four factors and might especially rely upon the broad jump, copying a star shape, hopping handgrip strength, aerobic fitness, and wall ball toss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wala Mahmoud
- 1 Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, UK.,2 Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne Delextrat
- 1 Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, UK
| | - Patrick Esser
- 1 Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, UK
| | - Helen Dawes
- 1 Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, UK
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Pesch B, Casjens S, Weiss T, Kendzia B, Arendt M, Eisele L, Behrens T, Ulrich N, Pundt N, Marr A, Robens S, Van Thriel C, Van Gelder R, Aschner M, Moebus S, Dragano N, Brüning T, Jöckel KH. Occupational Exposure to Manganese and Fine Motor Skills in Elderly Men: Results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. Ann Work Expo Health 2018; 61:1118-1131. [PMID: 29136419 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxx076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Exposure to manganese (Mn) may cause movement disorders, but less is known whether the effects persist after the termination of exposure. This study investigated the association between former exposure to Mn and fine motor deficits in elderly men from an industrial area with steel production. Methods Data on the occupational history and fine motor tests were obtained from the second follow-up of the prospective Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study (2011-2014). The study population included 1232 men (median age 68 years). Mn in blood (MnB) was determined in archived samples (2000-2003). The association between Mn exposure (working as welder or in other at-risk occupations, cumulative exposure to inhalable Mn, MnB) with various motor functions (errors in line tracing, steadiness, or aiming and tapping hits) was investigated with Poisson and logistic regression, adjusted for iron status and other covariates. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for substantially impaired dexterity (errors >90th percentile, tapping hits <10th percentile). Results The median of cumulative exposure to inhalable Mn was 58 µg m-3 years in 322 men who ever worked in at-risk occupations. Although we observed a partly better motor performance of exposed workers at group level, we found fewer tapping hits in men with cumulative Mn exposure >184.8 µg m-3 years (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.17-3.94). MnB ≥ 15 µg l-1, serum ferritin ≥ 400 µg l-1, and gamma-glutamyl transferase ≥74 U l-1 were associated with a greater number of errors in line tracing. Conclusions We found evidence that exposure to inhalable Mn may carry a risk for dexterity deficits. Whether these deficits can be exclusively attributed to Mn remains to be elucidated, as airborne Mn is strongly correlated with iron in metal fumes, and high ferritin was also associated with errors in line tracing. Furthermore, hand training effects must be taken into account when testing for fine motor skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Pesch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Swaantje Casjens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Weiss
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kendzia
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Marina Arendt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Essen-Duisburg, Essen, Germany
| | - Lewin Eisele
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Essen-Duisburg, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Behrens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadin Ulrich
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Noreen Pundt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Essen-Duisburg, Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Marr
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Essen-Duisburg, Essen, Germany
| | - Sibylle Robens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph Van Thriel
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rainer Van Gelder
- Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance (IFA), Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Essen-Duisburg, Essen, Germany
| | - Nico Dragano
- Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Essen-Duisburg, Essen, Germany
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Klymenko G, Liu KPY, Bissett M, Fong KNK, Welage N, Wong RSM. Development and initial validity of the in-hand manipulation assessment. Aust Occup Ther J 2018; 65:135-145. [PMID: 29341133 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM A review of the literature related to in-hand manipulation (IHM) revealed that there is no assessment which specifically measures this construct in the adult population. This study reports the face and content validity of an IHM assessment for adults with impaired hand function based on expert opinion. METHODS The definition of IHM skills, assessment tasks and scoring methods identified from literature was discussed in a focus group (n = 4) to establish face validity. An expert panel (n = 16) reviewed the content validity of the proposed assessment; evaluating the representativeness and relevance of encompassing the IHM skills in the proposed assessment tasks, the clarity and importance to daily life of the task and the clarity and applicability to clinical environment of the scoring method. The content validity was calculated using the content validity index for both the individual task and all tasks together (I-CVI and S-CVI). Feedback was incorporated to create the assessment. RESULTS The focus group members agreed to include 10 assessment tasks that covered all IHM skills. In the expert panel review, all tasks received an I-CVI above 0.78 and S-CVI above 0.80 in representativeness and relevance ratings, representing good content validity. With the comments from the expert panel, tasks were modified to improve the clarity and importance to daily life. A four-point Likert scale was identified for assessing both the completion of the assessment tasks and the quality of IHM skills within the task performance. CONCLUSION Face and content validity were established in this new IHM assessment. Further studies to examine psychometric properties and use within clinical practice are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Klymenko
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen P Y Liu
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Bissett
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kenneth N K Fong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Nandana Welage
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca S M Wong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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Reimer AM, Barsingerhorn AD, Overvelde A, Nijhuis-Van der Sanden MWG, Boonstra FN, Cox RFA. Development of an Age Band on the ManuVis for 3-Year-Old Children with Visual Impairments. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2017; 37:332-346. [PMID: 27494597 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2016.1205705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare fine motor performance of 3-year-old children with visual impairment with peers having normal vision, to provide reference scores for 3-year-old children with visual impairment on the ManuVis, and to assess inter-rater reliability. METHOD 26 children with visual impairment (mean age: 3 years 7 months (SD 3 months); 17 boys) and 28 children with normal vision (mean age: 3 years 7 months (SD 4 months); 14 boys) participated in the study. The ManuVis age band for 3-year-old children comprised two one-handed tasks, two two-handed tasks, and a pre-writing task. RESULTS Children with visual impairment needed more time on all tasks (p < .01) and performed the pre-writing task less accurately than children with normal vision (p < .001). Children aged 42-47 months performed significantly faster on two tasks and had better total scores than children aged 36-41 months (p < .05). Inter-rater reliability was excellent (Intra-class Correlation Coefficient = 0.96-0.99). CONCLUSIONS The ManuVis age band for 3-year-old children is appropriate to assess fine motor skills, and is sensitive to differences between children with visual impairment and normal vision and between half-year age groups. Reference scores are provided for 3-year-old children with visual impairment to identify delayed fine motor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Reimer
- a Bartiméus Institute for the Visually Impaired , Zeist , The Netherlands.,c Department of Rehabilitation , Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences , IQ Healthcare, Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - A D Barsingerhorn
- b Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center , Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - A Overvelde
- c Department of Rehabilitation , Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences , IQ Healthcare, Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - M W G Nijhuis-Van der Sanden
- c Department of Rehabilitation , Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences , IQ Healthcare, Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - F N Boonstra
- a Bartiméus Institute for the Visually Impaired , Zeist , The Netherlands.,b Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center , Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - R F A Cox
- d Department of Developmental Psychology , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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Huang CY, Tung LC, Chou YT, Chou W, Chen KL, Hsieh CL. Improving the utility of the fine motor skills subscale of the comprehensive developmental inventory for infants and toddlers: a computerized adaptive test. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 40:2803-2809. [PMID: 28750569 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1356385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed at improving the utility of the fine motor subscale of the comprehensive developmental inventory for infants and toddlers (CDIIT) by developing a computerized adaptive test of fine motor skills. METHODS We built an item bank for the computerized adaptive test of fine motor skills using the fine motor subscale of the CDIIT items fitting the Rasch model. We also examined the psychometric properties and efficiency of the computerized adaptive test of fine motor skills with simulated computerized adaptive tests. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Data from 1742 children with suspected developmental delays were retrieved. The mean scores of the fine motor subscale of the CDIIT increased along with age groups (mean scores = 1.36-36.97). The computerized adaptive test of fine motor skills contains 31 items meeting the Rasch model's assumptions (infit mean square = 0.57-1.21, outfit mean square = 0.11-1.17). For children of 6-71 months, the computerized adaptive test of fine motor skills had high Rasch person reliability (average reliability >0.90), high concurrent validity (rs = 0.67-0.99), adequate to excellent diagnostic accuracy (area under receiver operating characteristic = 0.71-1.00), and large responsiveness (effect size = 1.05-3.93). The computerized adaptive test of fine motor skills used 48-84% fewer items than the fine motor subscale of the CDIIT. The computerized adaptive test of fine motor skills used fewer items for assessment but was as reliable and valid as the fine motor subscale of the CDIIT. Implications for Rehabilitation We developed a computerized adaptive test based on the comprehensive developmental inventory for infants and toddlers (CDIIT) for assessing fine motor skills. The computerized adaptive test has been shown to be efficient because it uses fewer items than the original measure and automatically presents the results right after the test is completed. The computerized adaptive test is as reliable and valid as the CDIIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Huang
- a Department of Occupational Therapy , I-Shou Univeristy , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,b School of Occupational Therapy , College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Tung
- c Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Chung-Kang Branch, Cheng-Ching General Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan.,d Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Chi-Mei Medical Center , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Yeh-Tai Chou
- e Research Center for Psychological and Educational Testing , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Willy Chou
- d Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Chi-Mei Medical Center , Tainan , Taiwan.,f Department of Recreation and Healthcare Management , Chia Nan University of Pharmacy , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Chen
- g Department of Occupational Therapy , College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan.,h Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Ching-Lin Hsieh
- b School of Occupational Therapy , College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan.,i Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
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Kanitkar A, Szturm T, Parmar S, Gandhi DB, Rempel GR, Restall G, Sharma M, Narayan A, Pandian J, Naik N, Savadatti RR, Kamate MA. The Effectiveness of a Computer Game-Based Rehabilitation Platform for Children With Cerebral Palsy: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2017; 6:e93. [PMID: 28526673 PMCID: PMC5454217 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.6846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is difficult to engage young children with cerebral palsy (CP) in repetitive, tedious therapy. As such, there is a need for innovative approaches and tools to motivate these children. We developed the low-cost, computer game-based rehabilitation platform CGR that combines fine manipulation and gross movement exercises with attention and planning game activities appropriate for young children with CP. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to provide evidence of the therapeutic value of CGR to improve upper extremity (UE) motor function for children with CP. METHODS This randomized controlled, single-blind, clinical trial with an active control arm will be conducted at 4 sites. Children diagnosed with CP between the ages of 4 and 10 years old with moderate UE impairments and fine motor control abnormalities will be recruited. RESULTS We will test the difference between experimental and control groups using the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST) and Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, Second Edition (PDMS-2) outcome measures. The parents of the children and the therapist experiences with the interventions and tools will be explored using semi-structured interviews using the qualitative description approach. CONCLUSIONS This research protocol, if effective, will provide evidence for the therapeutic value and feasibility of CGR in the pediatric rehabilitation of UE function. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02728375; http:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02728375 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6qDjvszvh).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuprita Kanitkar
- Applied Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tony Szturm
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sanjay Parmar
- SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - Dorcas Bc Gandhi
- Christian Medical College and Hospital, Department of Neurology, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Ludhiana, India
| | - Gina Ruth Rempel
- Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Gayle Restall
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Monika Sharma
- Christian Medical College and Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Ludhiana, India
| | - Amitesh Narayan
- Kasturba Medical College, Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal University, Mangalore, India
| | - Jeyaraj Pandian
- Christian Medical College and Hospital, Department of Neurology, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Ludhiana, India
| | - Nilashri Naik
- Department of Physiotherapy, Ushas School for Exceptional Children, Hubli, India
| | - Ravi R Savadatti
- SDM College of Physiotherapy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Dharwad, India
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Marmeleira J, Veiga G, Cansado H, Raimundo A. Relationship between motor proficiency and body composition in 6- to 10-year-old children. J Paediatr Child Health 2017; 53:348-353. [PMID: 28045215 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between motor skill competence and body composition of 6- to 10-year-old children. METHODS Seventy girls and 86 boys participated. Body composition was measured by body mass index and skinfold thickness. Motor proficiency was evaluated through the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Short Form, which included measures of gross motor skills and fine motor skills. RESULTS Significant associations were found for both sexes between the percentage of body fat and (i) the performance in each gross motor task, (ii) the composite score for gross motor skills and (iii) the motor proficiency score. The percentage of body fat was not significantly associated with the majority of the fine motor skills items and with the respective composite score. Considering body weigh categories, children with normal weight had significantly higher scores than their peers with overweight or with obesity in gross motor skills and in overall motor proficiency. CONCLUSIONS Children's motor proficiency is negatively associated with body fat, and normal weight children show better motor competence than those who are overweight or obese. The negative impact of excessive body weight is stronger for gross motor skills that involve dynamic body movements than for stationary object control skills; fine motor skills appear to be relatively independent of the constraints imposed by excessive body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marmeleira
- Department of Sport and Health, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal.,Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Guida Veiga
- Department of Sport and Health, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal.,Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Hugo Cansado
- Department of Sport and Health, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Armando Raimundo
- Department of Sport and Health, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal.,Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal
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Ambeskovic M, Soltanpour N, Falkenberg EA, Zucchi FC, Kolb B, Metz GA. Ancestral Exposure to Stress Generates New Behavioral Traits and a Functional Hemispheric Dominance Shift. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:2126-2138. [PMID: 26965901 PMCID: PMC5963819 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In a continuously stressful environment, the effects of recurrent prenatal stress (PS) accumulate across generations and generate new behavioral traits in the absence of genetic variation. Here, we investigated if PS or multigenerational PS across 4 generations differentially affect behavioral traits, laterality, and hemispheric dominance in male and female rats. Using skilled reaching and skilled walking tasks, 3 findings support the formation of new behavioral traits and shifted laterality by multigenerational stress. First, while PS in the F1 generation did not alter paw preference, multigenerational stress in the F4 generation shifted paw preference to favor left-handedness only in males. Second, multigenerational stress impaired skilled reaching and skilled walking movement abilities in males, while improving these abilities in females beyond the levels of controls. Third, the shift toward left-handedness in multigenerationally stressed males was accompanied by increased dendritic complexity and greater spine density in the right parietal cortex. Thus, cumulative multigenerational stress generates sexually dimorphic left-handedness and dominance shift toward the right hemisphere in males. These findings explain the origins of apparently heritable behavioral traits and handedness in the absence of DNA sequence variations while proposing epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Ambeskovic
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, CanadaT1K 3M4
| | - Nasrin Soltanpour
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, CanadaT1K 3M4
| | - Erin A. Falkenberg
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, CanadaT1K 3M4
| | - Fabiola C.R. Zucchi
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, CanadaT1K 3M4
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Bryan Kolb
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, CanadaT1K 3M4
| | - Gerlinde A.S. Metz
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, CanadaT1K 3M4
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Pitchford NJ, Outhwaite LA. Can Touch Screen Tablets be Used to Assess Cognitive and Motor Skills in Early Years Primary School Children? A Cross-Cultural Study. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1666. [PMID: 27826281 PMCID: PMC5078468 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of cognitive and motor functions is fundamental for developmental and neuropsychological profiling. Assessments are usually conducted on an individual basis, with a trained examiner, using standardized paper and pencil tests, and can take up to an hour or more to complete, depending on the nature of the test. This makes traditional standardized assessments of child development largely unsuitable for use in low-income countries. Touch screen tablets afford the opportunity to assess cognitive functions in groups of participants, with untrained administrators, with precision recording of responses, thus automating the assessment process. In turn, this enables cognitive profiling to be conducted in contexts where access to qualified examiners and standardized assessments are rarely available. As such, touch screen assessments could provide a means of assessing child development in both low- and high-income countries, which would afford cross-cultural comparisons to be made with the same assessment tool. However, before touch screen tablet assessments can be used for cognitive profiling in low-to-high-income countries they need to be shown to provide reliable and valid measures of performance. We report the development of a new touch screen tablet assessment of basic cognitive and motor functions for use with early years primary school children in low- and high-income countries. Measures of spatial intelligence, visual attention, short-term memory, working memory, manual processing speed, and manual coordination are included as well as mathematical knowledge. To investigate if this new touch screen assessment tool can be used for cross-cultural comparisons we administered it to a sample of children (N = 283) spanning standards 1–3 in a low-income country, Malawi, and a smaller sample of children (N = 70) from first year of formal schooling from a high-income country, the UK. Split-half reliability, test-retest reliability, face validity, convergent construct validity, predictive criterion validity, and concurrent criterion validity were investigated. Results demonstrate “proof of concept” that touch screen tablet technology can provide reliable and valid psychometric measures of performance in the early years, highlighting its potential to be used in cross-cultural comparisons and research.
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Lam MY, Rubin DA, Duran AT, Chavoya FA, White E, Rose DJ. A Characterization of Movement Skills in Obese Children With and Without Prader-Willi Syndrome. Res Q Exerc Sport 2016; 87:245-253. [PMID: 27245849 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2016.1182113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was twofold: (a) to measure and compare motor proficiency in obese children with Prader-Willi syndrome (OB-PWS) to that in obese children without PWS (OB), and (b) to compare motor proficiency in OB-PWS and OB to normative data. METHOD Motor proficiency was measured using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition-Complete Form, a norm-referenced assessment of motor function. Participants were 18 OB-PWS and 44 OB (8 to 11 years of age). The scores on the 8 subtests and the total motor composite were used to compare OB-PWS and OB. Furthermore, the scores on the 4 motor-area composites were used to compare OB-PWS and OB against normative data. RESULTS OB-PWS scored significantly lower than OB across all 8 subtests. OB-PWS also had significantly lower motor proficiency scores on all motor-area composites when compared with the normative sample. OB-PWS most frequently (67%-83%) scored well below average on the gross motor subtests. Although not as high as on the gross motor subtests, this finding also held true for the fine motor subtests with 39% to 45% of OB-PWS scoring well below average. CONCLUSION Motor proficiency is very poor in OB-PWS, in particular for gross motor skills. Physical, neurological, and developmental characteristics inherent to the syndrome may explain this low performance.
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Liebrand-Schurink J, Cox RFA, van Rens GHMB, Cillessen AHN, Meulenbroek RGJ, Boonstra FN. Effective and Efficient Stand Magnifier Use in Visually Impaired Children. Front Psychol 2016; 7:944. [PMID: 27445912 PMCID: PMC4917530 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The main objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of magnifier use in children with visual impairment who did not use a low vision aid earlier, in an ecologically valid goal-directed perceptuomotor task. METHODS Participants were twenty-nine 4- to 8-year-old children with visual impairment and 47 age-matched children with normal vision. After seeing a first symbol (an Lea Hyvärinen [LH] symbol), children were instructed to (1) move the stand magnifier as quickly as possible toward a small target symbol (another LH symbol that could only be seen by using the magnifier), (2) compare the two symbols, and (3) move the magnifier to one of two response areas to indicate whether the two symbols were identical. Performance was measured in terms of accuracy, response time, identification time, and movement time. Viewing distance, as well as hand and eye dominance while using the magnifier was assessed. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the two groups in accuracy, reaction time, and movement time. Contrary to the prediction, children with visual impairment required less time to identify small symbols than children with normal vision. Both within-subject and between-subject variability in viewing distance were smaller in the visually impaired group than in the normally sighted group. In the visually impaired group, a larger viewing distance was associated with shorter identification time, which in turn was associated with higher accuracy. In the normally sighted group, a faster movement with the magnifier and a faster identification were associated with increasing age. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that children with visual impairment can use the stand magnifier adequately and efficiently. The normally sighted children show an age-related development in movement time and identification time and show more variability in viewing distance, which is not found in visually impaired children. Visually impaired children seem to choose a standard but less adaptive strategy in which they primarily used their preferred hand to manipulate the magnifier and their preferred eye to identify the symbol. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at http://www.trialregister.nl; NTR2380.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Liebrand-Schurink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud UniversityNijmegen, Netherlands
- Bartiméus Institute for the Visually ImpairedZeist, Netherlands
- Expertise Center Health, Social Care and Technology, Saxion University of Applied SciencesEnschede, Netherlands
| | - Ralf F. A. Cox
- Department of Psychology, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ruud G. J. Meulenbroek
- Department Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical CentreNijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frouke N. Boonstra
- Bartiméus Institute for the Visually ImpairedZeist, Netherlands
- Department Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical CentreNijmegen, Netherlands
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