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Sochal M, Ditmer M, Białasiewicz P, Turkiewicz S, Karuga FF, Gabryelska A. Evaluation of cognitive and psychomotor faculties in relation to mood-related symptoms under the conditions of sleep deprivation. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1332831. [PMID: 38188046 PMCID: PMC10770828 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1332831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Deprivation of sleep (DS) has been associated with changes in mood and cognitive function, rapidly but transiently improving the severity of depression symptoms. However, it remains unclear whether there are differences in performance between DS responders and non-responders. The relationship between DS, mood, cognitive, and psychomotor function is also poorly understood. Methods Participants (n = 77) underwent a baseline assessment of sleep under the control of polysomnography (PSG). Later they were subjected to DS with actigraphy monitoring. Evaluation of mood as well as completing a battery of tests assessing cognitive functions and eye-hand coordination was conducted four times, pre/post PSG and DS. Participants were further divided into respondents (RE, n = 48) and non-respondents (NR, n = 29) depending on alleviation of depression symptoms severity following DS. Results All participants exhibited increased response speed to visual triggers after DS compared to baseline (p = 0.024). Psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) results remained intact in the RE, whereas it was increased in the NR (p = 0.008). Exposure time in the eye-hand coordination test improved in both groups, but total error duration was reduced only in RE individuals (p < 0.001, p = 0.009 for RE and NR, respectively). All subjects were more proficient at trail-making test (p ≤ 0.001 for Part 1 and 2 in all, NR, RE). Stroop test also improved regardless of mood changes after DS (p = 0.007, p = 0.008 for Part 1 and 2, respectively); cognitive interference remained at a similar level within groups (p = 0.059, p = 0.057 for NR and RE, respectively). A positive correlation was observed between the difference in PSG morning/DS morning depression severity and vigilance (R = 0.37, p = 0.001, R = 0.33, p = 0.005, for error duration eye-hand coordination test and PVT total average score, respectively). Conclusion RE tend to maintain or improve cognitive function after DS, oppositely to NR. Vigilance in particular might be tightly associated with changes in depression symptoms after DS. Future studies should examine the biological basis behind the response to sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Sochal
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Kartha A, Sadeghi R, Bradley C, Livingston B, Tran C, Gee W, Dagnelie G. Measuring visually guided motor performance in ultra low vision using virtual reality. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1251935. [PMID: 38178831 PMCID: PMC10765526 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1251935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ultra low vision (ULV) refers to profound visual impairment where an individual cannot read even the top line of letters on an ETDRS chart from a distance of 0.5 m. There are limited tools available to assess visual ability in ULV. The aim of this study was to develop and calibrate a new performance test, Wilmer VRH, to assess hand-eye coordination in individuals with ULV. Methods A set of 55 activities was developed for presentation in a virtual reality (VR) headset. Activities were grouped into 2-step and 5-step items. Participants performed a range of tasks involving reaching and grasping, stacking, sorting, pointing, throwing, and cutting. Data were collected from 20 healthy volunteers under normal vision (NV) and simulated ULV (sULV) conditions, and from 33 participants with ULV. Data were analyzed using the method of successive dichotomizations (MSD), a polytomous Rasch model, to estimate item (difficulty) and person (ability) measures. MSD was applied separately to 2-step and 5-step performance data, then merged to a single equal interval scale. Results The mean ± SD of completion rates were 98.6 ± 1.8%, 78.2 ± 12.5% and 61.1 ± 34.2% for NV, sULV and ULV, respectively. Item measures ranged from -1.09 to 5.7 logits and - 4.3 to 4.08 logits and person measures ranged from -0.03 to 4.2 logits and -3.5 to 5.2 logits in sULV and ULV groups, respectively. Ninety percent of item infits were within the desired range of [0.5,1.5], and 97% of person infits were within that range. Together with item and person reliabilities of 0.94 and 0.91 respectively, this demonstrates unidimensionality of Wilmer VRH. A Person Item map showed that the items were well-targeted to the sample of individuals with ULV in the study. Discussion We present the development of a calibrated set of activities in VR that can be used to assess hand-eye coordination in individuals with ULV. This helps bridge a gap in the field by providing a validated outcome measure that can be used in vision restoration trials that recruit people with ULV, and to assess rehabilitation outcomes in people with ULV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arathy Kartha
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, State University of New York College of Optometry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roksana Sadeghi
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Chris Bradley
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brittnee Livingston
- Central Association for the Blind and Visually Impaired, Utica, NY, United States
| | - Chau Tran
- BMORE VIRTUAL LLC, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Will Gee
- BMORE VIRTUAL LLC, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gislin Dagnelie
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Chhabra K, Selvaganesh S, Nesappan T. Hybrid Navigation Technique for Improved Precision in Implantology. Cureus 2023; 15:e45440. [PMID: 37859917 PMCID: PMC10582648 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The hybrid navigation technique involves the merging of the Dynamic navigation (DN) system (Navident, Claronav, Canada) and static navigation technique (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark). Combining the advantages of both techniques, devising a protocol of hybrid navigation will be advantageous to eliminate the difficulties faced by operators in using either methods separately. Three patients requiring dental implants were included in this study. This requires the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data) and intra-oral scan (Standard Tessellation Language (STL) format) data for the accurate planning of the implant positions in both the static and dynamic approaches. The steps carried out were repeated for each of the patients, the accuracy of the implant placement was verified postoperatively by merging the CBCT data pre and post through the Evalunav software (NaviDent, Claronav). The accuracy of the implants placed were assessed based on the mesio-distal, bucco-lingual, apical deviations in distance and in angulation. The semi-robotic DN and static guide combination as a hybrid technique is an interesting method to improve the accuracy of flapless implant surgeries and can be used in cases where the anatomical landmarks are determinant factors for the implant placement.
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Sadeghi HS, Alsaffarini MW, Almahmeed NW, Foaud RM, Kilidar RR, Eldessouky SK, Al-Rawi NH. The impact of reflex-based recreational activities and preclinical training on psychomotor skills in an educational dental environment. J Dent Educ 2023; 87:374-384. [PMID: 36326571 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participating in recreational activities from a young age may have the potential enhance psychomotor skills early on, and conversely, low levels of participation in these activities may predict slower development of preclinical hand skills. PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the eye-hand coordination benefits of leisure and reflex-based activities to those of typical instructional techniques among dental students. DATA SOURCES The databases used were PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Scopus. STUDY SELECTION Ten articles were selected from a total of 1135 articles found across three databases. DATA EXTRACTION The articles were screened by four investigators through a series of steps in accordance to inclusion and exclusion criteria and rid of any duplicates. DATA SYNTHESIS The majority of the 10 featured articles were conducted in the United States. All of the research included was cohort observational studies. This systematic review includes a total of 1975 participants from the publications selected for this purpose. RESULTS Manual dexterity may be taught and improved by practice, and tests designed to measure it should be used primarily to pinpoint which students would benefit most from individualized, close supervision during their education. CONCLUSION Researchers found that reflex-based activities helped students develop better hand-eye coordination in a classroom setting. However, more precise dental-related tests and questionnaires can always be developed through further study; doing so would yield a wealth of information that would be immensely useful to the dental sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia S Sadeghi
- Department Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Majd W Alsaffarini
- Department Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Noor W Almahmeed
- Department Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rafiq M Foaud
- Department Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rayaheen R Kilidar
- Department Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Sara K Eldessouky
- Department Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Natheer H Al-Rawi
- Department Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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Paśko W, Śliż M, Paszkowski M, Zieliński J, Polak K, Huzarski M, Przednowek K. Characteristics of Cognitive Abilities among Youths Practicing Football. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:1371. [PMID: 33546115 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess selected cognitive abilities depending on age, anthropometric parametres, physical fitness and technical skills in the group of young players training football. The study covered a group of 258 young players practicing football (age: 12.1± 2.03), who were divided into 5 age categories (8–9 years old, 10–11 years old, 12–13 years old, 14–15 years old, 16–17 years old). Selected cognitive abilities include: simple reaction time (SIRT), complex reaction time (CHORT), hand-eye coordination (HECOR) and spatial orientation (SPANT). Studies were performed using Test2Drive computer tests. In addition, the level of physical fitness was measured using: The standing long jump, 30 m sprint, 20 m shuttle run test (without and with the ball) and slalom (without and with the ball). The analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between age and cognitive abilities. There was also a statistically significant correlation between fitness tests and reaction time in individual cognitive tests. There were no statistically significant relationships between technical skills and cognitive abilities. The study confirms that age and physical fitness affect the level of cognitive abilities.
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Kishita Y, Ueda H, Kashino M. Temporally Coupled Coordination of Eye and Body Movements in Baseball Batting for a Wide Range of Ball Speeds. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:64. [PMID: 33345055 PMCID: PMC7739824 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the visuomotor strategies of baseball batting, in particular, the relationship between eye and body (head and hip) movements during batting for a wide range of ball speeds. Nine college baseball players participated in the experiment and hit balls projected by a pitching machine operating at four different ball speeds (80, 100, 120, 140 km/h). Eye movements were measured with a wearable eye tracker, and body movements were measured with an optical motion capture system. In the early period of the ball's flight, batters foveated the ball with overshooting head movements in the direction of the ball's flight while compensating for the overshooting head movements with eye movements for the two slower ball speeds (80 and 100 km/h) and only head rotations for the two faster ball speeds (120 and 140 km/h). After that, batters made a predictive saccade and a quick head rotation to the future ball position before the angular velocity of the ball drastically increased. We also found that regardless of the ball speed, the onsets of the predictive saccade and the quick head movement were temporally aligned with the bat-ball contact and rotation of the hip (swing motion), but were not correlated with the elapsed time from the ball's release or the ball's location. These results indicate that the gaze movements in baseball batting are not solely driven by external visual information (ball position or velocity) but are determined in relation to other body movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kishita
- Department of Information and Communications Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Co., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makio Kashino
- Department of Information and Communications Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Co., Kanagawa, Japan
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Abstract
In baseball, batters swing in response to a ball moving at high speed within a limited amount of time—about 0. 5 s. In order to make such movement possible, quick and accurate trajectory prediction followed by accurate swing motion with optimal body-eye coordination is considered essential, but the mechanisms involved are not clearly understood. The present study aims to clarify the strategies of eye and head movements adopted by elite baseball batters in actual game situations. In our experiment, six current professional baseball batters faced former professional baseball pitchers in a scenario close to a real game (i.e., without the batters informed about pitch type in advance). We measured eye movements with a wearable eye-tracker and head movements and bat trajectories with an optical motion capture system while the batters hit. In the eye movement measurements, contrary to previous studies, we found distinctive predictive saccades directed toward the predicted trajectory, of which the first saccades were initiated approximately 80–220 ms before impact for all participants. Predictive saccades were initiated significantly later when batters knew the types of pitch in advance compared to when they did not. We also found that the best three batters started predictive saccades significantly later and tended to have fewer gaze-ball errors than the other three batters. This result suggests that top batters spend slightly more time obtaining visual information by delaying the initiation of saccades. Furthermore, although all batters showed positive correlations between bat location and head direction at the time of impact, the better batters showed no correlation between bat location and gaze direction at that time. These results raise the possibility of differences in the coding process for the location of bat-ball contact; namely, that top batters might utilize head direction to encode impact locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kishita
- Department of Information and Communications Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Co., Atsugi, Japan
| | - Makio Kashino
- Department of Information and Communications Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Co., Atsugi, Japan
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Enquobahrie A, Horvath S, Arikatla S, Rosenberg A, Cleary K, Sharma K. Development and face validation of ultrasound-guided renal biopsy virtual trainer. Healthc Technol Lett 2019; 6:210-213. [PMID: 32038859 PMCID: PMC6952253 DOI: 10.1049/htl.2019.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the general population is ∼14% with more than 661,000 Americans having a kidney failure. Ultrasound (US)-guided renal biopsy is a critically important tool in the evaluation and management of renal pathologies. This Letter presents KBVTrainer, a virtual simulator that the authors developed to train clinicians to improve procedural skill competence in US-guided renal biopsy. The simulator was built using low-cost hardware components and open source software libraries. They conducted a face validation study with five experts who were either adult/pediatric nephrologists or interventional/diagnostic radiologists. The trainer was rated very highly (>4.4) for the usefulness of the real US images (highest at 4.8), potential usefulness of the trainer in training for needle visualization, tracking, steadiness and hand-eye coordination, and overall promise of the trainer to be useful for training US-guided needle biopsies. The lowest score of 2.4 was received for the look and feel of the US probe and needle compared to clinical practice. The force feedback received a moderate score of 3.0. The clinical experts provided abundant verbal and written subjective feedback and were highly enthusiastic about using the trainer as a valuable tool for future trainees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sam Horvath
- Medical Computing, Kitware Inc, Carrboro, NC, USA
| | | | - Avi Rosenberg
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Cleary
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Karun Sharma
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
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Niechwiej-Szwedo E, Meier K, Christian L, Nouredanesh M, Tung J, Bryden P, Giaschi D. Concurrent maturation of visuomotor skills and motion perception in typically-developing children and adolescents. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 62:353-367. [PMID: 31621075 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Perceptual and visuomotor skills undergo considerable development from early childhood into adolescence; however, the concurrent maturation of these skills has not yet been examined. This study assessed visuomotor function and motion perception in a cross-section of 226 typically-developing children between 4 and 16 years of age. Participants were tested on three tasks hypothesized to engage the dorsal visual stream: threading a bead on a needle, marking dots using a pen, and discriminating form defined by motion contrast. Mature performance was reached between 8 and 12 years, with youngest maturation for kinematic measures for a reach-to-grasp task, and oldest maturation for a precision tapping task. Performance on the motion perception task shared no association with motor skills after controlling for age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa Christian
- Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Mina Nouredanesh
- Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - James Tung
- Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela Bryden
- Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Deborah Giaschi
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Wang W, Song H, Zhang Z, Du Z. Master-slave motion alignment for an open surgical console. Int J Med Robot 2018; 15:e1974. [PMID: 30471653 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Open surgical consoles widely employed in minimally invasive surgery have better ergonomics than closed consoles. To enhance surgical robots' ergonomics, operational efficiency, and safety, an effective master-slave motion alignment model should be established. METHODS The kinematic model of the robot system based on laparoscopic camera coordinate system is built in the first place. Then, the relative pose between the operator's eyes and the display is measured by Tobii Eye Tracking Sensor and is subsequently used to improve the master-slave motion alignment model. RESULTS Robot threading experiments are conducted by two doctors and three testers to verify the kinematic model. As a result, in contrast to the original model, the improved model reduces both operation time and the number of collisions. CONCLUSIONS The improved master-slave motion alignment model, in which the transformation matrix between the operator's eyes and the display is employed, raises the ergonomics, operational efficiency, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Huajian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zelin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhijiang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Abstract
A core assumption underlying mental chronometry is that more complex tasks increase cortical processing, prolonging reaction times. In this study we show that increases in task complexity alter the magnitude, rather than the latency, of the output for a circuit that rapidly transforms visual information into motor actions. We quantified visual stimulus-locked responses (SLRs), which are changes in upper limb muscle recruitment that evolve at a fixed latency ~100 ms after novel visual stimulus onset. First, we studied the underlying reference frame of the SLR by dissociating the initial eye and hand position. Despite its quick latency, we found that the SLR was expressed in a hand-centric reference frame, suggesting that the circuit mediating the SLR integrated retinotopic visual information with body configuration. Next, we studied the influence of planned movement trajectory, requiring participants to prepare and generate either curved or straight reaches in the presence of obstacles to attain the same visual stimulus location. We found that SLR magnitude was influenced by the planned movement trajectory to the same visual stimulus. On the basis of these results, we suggest that the circuit mediating the SLR lies in parallel to other well-studied corticospinal pathways. Although the fixed latency of the SLR precludes extensive cortical processing, inputs conveying information relating to task complexity, such as body configuration and planned movement trajectory, can preset nodes within the circuit underlying the SLR to modulate its magnitude. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We studied stimulus-locked responses (SLRs), which are changes in human upper limb muscle recruitment that evolve at a fixed latency ~100 ms after novel visual stimulus onset. We showed that despite its quick latency, the circuitry mediating the SLR transformed a retinotopic visual signal into a hand-centric motor command that is modulated by the planned movement trajectory. We suggest that the circuit generating the SLR is mediated through a tectoreticulospinal, rather than a corticospinal, pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gu
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada.,The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - J Andrew Pruszynski
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada.,The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Paul L Gribble
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada.,The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Brian D Corneil
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada.,The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
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12
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Abstract
Objectives: Upper limb motor dysfunction often occurs in individuals with intellectual disabilities, affecting their daily self-care abilities and employability. Therefore, enhancing their upper limb motor function could improve the quality of life. This study investigated the impact of Frisbee game course on the upper limb motor function of students with intellectual disabilities. Methods: A self-designed Frisbee game course was made available to 10 senior vocational students with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities in a special school in New Taipei City, Taiwan. The students participated 40 min each time, 4 times a week, for 6 weeks. Pre and post-test functional capacity and Frisbee throwing distance were measured. Descriptive statistics and paired-sample t-test were performed for the data analysis. Results: Frisbee game course improved the lifting capacity, significantly improved the grip strength (dominant hand), upper limb power, hand-eye coordination, and gross and fine hand motor skills of students with intellectual disabilities. Conclusion: Frisbee game course can improve upper limb muscle strength, power, coordination ability, and dexterity. Schools should implement Frisbee game courses and ensure their availability in the health and physical education of students with intellectual disabilities to enhance their upper limb motor function, employability, and vocational adaptability, thus improving their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Sui Kao
- Department of Adapted Physical Education, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsuan Wang
- Department of Adapted Physical Education, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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13
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Barry MP, Dagnelie G. Hand-Camera Coordination Varies over Time in Users of the Argus(®) II Retinal Prosthesis System. Front Syst Neurosci 2016; 10:41. [PMID: 27199689 PMCID: PMC4859071 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2016.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most visual neuroprostheses use an external camera for image acquisition. This adds two complications to phosphene perception: (1) stimulation locus will not change with eye movements; and (2) external cameras can be aimed in directions different from the user's intended direction of gaze. Little is known about the stability of where users perceive light sources to be or whether they will adapt to changes in camera orientation. METHODS Three end-stage retinitis pigmentosa patients implanted with the Argus II participated in this study. This prosthesis stimulated the retina based on an 18° × 11° area selected within the camera's 66° × 49° field of view. The center of the electrode array's field of view mapped within the camera's field of view is the camera alignment position (CAP). Proper camera alignments minimize errors in localizing visual percepts in space. Subjects touched single white squares in random locations on a darkened touchscreen 40 or more times. To study adaptation, subjects were given intentional CAP misalignments of 15-40° for 5-6 months. Subjects performed this test with auditory feedback during (bi-)weekly lab sessions. Misaligned CAPs were maintained for another 5-6 months without auditory feedback. Touch alignment was tracked to detect any adaptation. To estimate localization stability, data for when CAPs were set to minimize errors were tracked. The same localization test as above was used. Localization errors were tracked every 1-2 weeks for up to 40 months. RESULTS Two of three subjects used auditory feedback to improve accuracy with misaligned CAPs at an average rate of 0.02°/day (p < 0.05, bootstrap analysis of linear regression). The rates observed here were ~4000 times slower than those seen in normally-sighted subjects adapting to prism glasses. Removal of auditory feedback precipitated error increases for all subjects. Optimal CAPs varied significantly across test sessions (p < 10(-4), bootstrap multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)), up to 21-29° within subjects over the observed period. Across subjects, optimal CAPs showed an average rate of change of 0.39°/day (SD 0.36°/day). CONCLUSIONS Optimal CAPs varied dramatically over time for all subjects. Subjects displayed no adaptation to misaligned CAPs without feedback. Regular recalibration of CAPs may be required to maintain hand-camera coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Barry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lions Vision Research Center, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gislin Dagnelie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lions Vision Research Center, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Abstract
Rendering materials on displays becomes ubiquitous in industrial design, architecture, and visualization. Yet the experience of the material from other modes of perception is missing in that representation. This forces observers to rely on visual cues only while judging material properties. In the present study, we compare judgments of rough and glossy surfaces by interacting and passive observers. We investigate whether observers actively exploring rendered stimuli judge properties differently than observers passively watching renderings. Resulting interobserver agreement is significantly higher for interacting observers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Scheller Lichtenauer
- Empa, Laboratory for Media Technology, Swiss Federal Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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