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Melin F, Hellwig P. Redox Properties of the Membrane Proteins from the Respiratory Chain. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10244-10297. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Melin
- Chimie de la Matière Complexe UMR 7140, Laboratoire de Bioelectrochimie et Spectroscopie, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - Petra Hellwig
- Chimie de la Matière Complexe UMR 7140, Laboratoire de Bioelectrochimie et Spectroscopie, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
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From low- to high-potential bioenergetic chains: Thermodynamic constraints of Q-cycle function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1569-1579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kao WC, Kleinschroth T, Nitschke W, Baymann F, Neehaul Y, Hellwig P, Richers S, Vonck J, Bott M, Hunte C. The obligate respiratory supercomplex from Actinobacteria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1705-14. [PMID: 27472998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacteria are closely linked to human life as industrial producers of bioactive molecules and as human pathogens. Respiratory cytochrome bcc complex and cytochrome aa3 oxidase are key components of their aerobic energy metabolism. They form a supercomplex in the actinobacterial species Corynebacterium glutamicum. With comprehensive bioinformatics and phylogenetic analysis we show that genes for cyt bcc-aa3 supercomplex are characteristic for Actinobacteria (Actinobacteria and Acidimicrobiia, except the anaerobic orders Actinomycetales and Bifidobacteriales). An obligatory supercomplex is likely, due to the lack of genes encoding alternative electron transfer partners such as mono-heme cyt c. Instead, subunit QcrC of bcc complex, here classified as short di-heme cyt c, will provide the exclusive electron transfer link between the complexes as in C. glutamicum. Purified to high homogeneity, the C. glutamicum bcc-aa3 supercomplex contained all subunits and cofactors as analyzed by SDS-PAGE, BN-PAGE, absorption and EPR spectroscopy. Highly uniform supercomplex particles in electron microscopy analysis support a distinct structural composition. The supercomplex possesses a dimeric stoichiometry with a ratio of a-type, b-type and c-type hemes close to 1:1:1. Redox titrations revealed a low potential bcc complex (Em(ISP)=+160mV, Em(bL)=-291mV, Em(bH)=-163mV, Em(cc)=+100mV) fined-tuned for oxidation of menaquinol and a mixed potential aa3 oxidase (Em(CuA)=+150mV, Em(a/a3)=+143/+317mV) mediating between low and high redox potential to accomplish dioxygen reduction. The generated molecular model supports a stable assembled supercomplex with defined architecture which permits energetically efficient coupling of menaquinol oxidation and dioxygen reduction in one supramolecular entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Kao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kleinschroth
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Nitschke
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines UMR 7281 CNRS/Aix Marseille Univ, FR3479, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Frauke Baymann
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines UMR 7281 CNRS/Aix Marseille Univ, FR3479, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Yashvin Neehaul
- Laboratoire de bioélectrochimie et spectroscopie, UMR 7140, Chimie de la matière complexe, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - Petra Hellwig
- Laboratoire de bioélectrochimie et spectroscopie, UMR 7140, Chimie de la matière complexe, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sebastian Richers
- Department of Molecular Membrane Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Straße 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Janet Vonck
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Straße 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Bott
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Carola Hunte
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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Kondo T, Matsuoka M, Azai C, Itoh S, Oh-oka H. Orientations of Iron–Sulfur Clusters FA and FB in the Homodimeric Type-I Photosynthetic Reaction Center of Heliobacterium modesticaldum. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:4204-12. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kondo
- Division
of Material Science (Physics), Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Masahiro Matsuoka
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Chihiro Azai
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shigeru Itoh
- Center
for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hirozo Oh-oka
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Liu J, Chakraborty S, Hosseinzadeh P, Yu Y, Tian S, Petrik I, Bhagi A, Lu Y. Metalloproteins containing cytochrome, iron-sulfur, or copper redox centers. Chem Rev 2014; 114:4366-469. [PMID: 24758379 PMCID: PMC4002152 DOI: 10.1021/cr400479b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Saumen Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Parisa Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Shiliang Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Igor Petrik
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ambika Bhagi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Dibrova DV, Cherepanov DA, Galperin MY, Skulachev VP, Mulkidjanian AY. Evolution of cytochrome bc complexes: from membrane-anchored dehydrogenases of ancient bacteria to triggers of apoptosis in vertebrates. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1827:1407-27. [PMID: 23871937 PMCID: PMC3839093 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review traces the evolution of the cytochrome bc complexes from their early spread among prokaryotic lineages and up to the mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex (complex III) and its role in apoptosis. The results of phylogenomic analysis suggest that the bacterial cytochrome b6f-type complexes with short cytochromes b were the ancient form that preceded in evolution the cytochrome bc1-type complexes with long cytochromes b. The common ancestor of the b6f-type and the bc1-type complexes probably resembled the b6f-type complexes found in Heliobacteriaceae and in some Planctomycetes. Lateral transfers of cytochrome bc operons could account for the several instances of acquisition of different types of bacterial cytochrome bc complexes by archaea. The gradual oxygenation of the atmosphere could be the key evolutionary factor that has driven further divergence and spread of the cytochrome bc complexes. On the one hand, oxygen could be used as a very efficient terminal electron acceptor. On the other hand, auto-oxidation of the components of the bc complex results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which necessitated diverse adaptations of the b6f-type and bc1-type complexes, as well as other, functionally coupled proteins. A detailed scenario of the gradual involvement of the cardiolipin-containing mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex into the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is proposed, where the functioning of the complex as an apoptotic trigger is viewed as a way to accelerate the elimination of the cells with irreparably damaged, ROS-producing mitochondria. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Respiratory complex III and related bc complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Dibrova
- School of Physics, University of Osnabrueck, D-49069 Osnabrueck, Germany; School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
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7
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Baymann F, Nitschke W. Heliobacterial Rieske/cytb complex. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2010; 104:177-187. [PMID: 20091229 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-009-9524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Data on structure and function of the Rieske/cytb complex from Heliobacteria are scarce. They indicate that the complex is related to the b (6) f complex in agreement with the phylogenetic position of the organism. It is composed of a diheme cytochrome c, and a Rieske iron-sulfur protein, together with transmembrane cytochrome b (6) and subunit IV. Additional small subunits may be part of the complex. The cofactor content comprises heme c (i), first discovered in the Q(i) binding pocket of b (6) f complexes. The redox midpoint potentials are more negative than in b (6) f complex in agreement with the lower redox midpoint potentials (by about 150 mV) of its reaction partners, menaquinone, and cytochrome c (553). The enzyme is implicated in cyclic electron transfer around the RCI. Functional studies are favored by the absence of antennae and the simple photosynthetic reaction chain but are hampered by the high oxygen sensitivity of the organism, its chlorophyll, and lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Baymann
- BIP, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR9036, IFR88, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille, France.
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Abstract
Purple bacteria have thus far been considered to operate light-driven cyclic electron transfer chains containing ubiquinone (UQ) as liposoluble electron and proton carrier. We show that in the purple gamma-proteobacterium Halorhodospira halophila, menaquinone-8 (MK-8) is the dominant quinone component and that it operates in the Q(B)-site of the photosynthetic reaction center (RC). The redox potentials of the photooxidized pigment in the RC and of the Rieske center of the bc(1) complex are significantly lower (E(m) = +270 mV and +110 mV, respectively) than those determined in other purple bacteria but resemble those determined for species containing MK as pool quinone. These results demonstrate that the photosynthetic cycle in H. halophila is based on MK and not on UQ. This finding together with the unusual organization of genes coding for the bc(1) complex in H. halophila suggests a specific scenario for the evolutionary transition of bioenergetic chains from the low-potential menaquinones to higher-potential UQ in the proteobacterial phylum, most probably induced by rising levels of dioxygen 2.5 billion years ago. This transition appears to necessarily proceed through bioenergetic ambivalence of the respective organisms, that is, to work both on MK- and on UQ-pools. The establishment of the corresponding low- and high-potential chains was accompanied by duplication and redox optimization of the bc(1) complex or at least of its crucial subunit oxidizing quinols from the pool, the Rieske protein. Evolutionary driving forces rationalizing the empirically observed redox tuning of the chain to the quinone pool are discussed.
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Ducluzeau A, Chenu E, Capowiez L, Baymann F. The Rieske/cytochrome b complex of Heliobacteria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2008; 1777:1140-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Revised: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Heinnickel M, Golbeck JH. Heliobacterial photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2007; 92:35-53. [PMID: 17457690 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-007-9162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Heliobacteria contain Type I reaction centers (RCs) and a homodimeric core, but unlike green sulfur bacteria, they do not contain an extended antenna system. Given their simplicity, the heliobacterial RC (HbRC) should be ideal for the study of a prototypical homodimeric RC. However, there exist enormous gaps in our knowledge, particularly with regard to the nature of the secondary and tertiary electron acceptors. To paraphrase S. Neerken and J. Amesz (2001 Biochim Biophys Acta 1507:278-290): with the sole exception of primary charge separation, little progress has been made in recent years on the HbRC, either with respect to the polypeptide composition, or the nature of the electron acceptor chain, or the kinetics of forward and backward electron transfer. This situation, however, has changed. First, the low molecular mass polypeptide that contains the terminal FA and FB iron-sulfur clusters has been identified. The change in the lifetime of the flash-induced kinetics from 75 ms to 15 ms on its removal shows that the former arises from the P798+ [FA/FB]- recombination, and the latter from P798+ FX- recombination. Second, FX has been identified in HbRC cores by EPR and Mössbauer spectroscopy, and shown to be a [4Fe-4S]1+,2+ cluster with a ground spin state of S=3/2. Since all of the iron in HbRC cores is in the FX cluster, a ratio of approximately 22 Bchl g/P798 could be calculated from chemical assays of non-heme iron and Bchl g. Third, the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the FA/FB-containing polypeptide led to the identification and cloning of its gene. The expressed protein can be rebound to isolated HbRC cores, thereby regaining both the 75 ms kinetic phase resulting from P798+ [FA/FB]- recombination and the light-induced EPR resonances of FA- and FB-. The gene was named 'pshB' and the protein 'PshB' in keeping with the accepted nomenclature for Type I RCs. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on the structure and function of the HbRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Heinnickel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Miyamoto R, Iwaki M, Mino H, Harada J, Itoh S, Oh-Oka H. ESR Signal of the Iron−Sulfur Center FX and Its Function in the Homodimeric Reaction Center of Heliobacterium modesticaldum,. Biochemistry 2006; 45:6306-16. [PMID: 16700542 DOI: 10.1021/bi0519710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electron transfer in the membranes and the type I reaction center (RC) core protein complex isolated from Heliobacterium modesticaldum was studied by optical and ESR spectroscopy. The RC is a homodimer of PshA proteins. In the isolated membranes, illumination at 14 K led to accumulation of a stable ESR signal of the reduced iron-sulfur center F(B)(-) in the presence of dithiothreitol, and an additional 20 min illumination at 230 K induced the spin-interacting F(A)(-)/F(B)(-) signal at 14 K. During illumination at 5 K in the presence of dithionite, we detected a new transient signal with the following values: g(z)= 2.040, g(y)= 1.911, and g(x)= 1.896. The signal decayed rapidly with a 10 ms time constant after the flash excitation at 5 K and was attributed to the F(X)(-)-type center, although the signal shape was more symmetrical than that of F(X)(-) in photosystem I. In the purified RC core protein, laser excitation induced the absorption change of a special pair, P800. The flash-induced P800(+) signal recovered with a fast 2-5 ms time constant below 150 K, suggesting charge recombination with F(X)(-). Partial destruction of the RC core protein complex by a brief exposure to air increased the level of the P800(+)A(0)(-) state that gave a lifetime (t(1/2)) of 100 ns at 77 K. The reactions of F(X) and quinone were discussed on the basis of the three-dimensional structural model of RC that predicts the conserved F(X)-binding site and the quinone-binding site, which is more hydrophilic than that in the photosystem I RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Miyamoto
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 456-8602, Japan
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Neerken S, Amesz J. The antenna reaction center complex of heliobacteria: composition, energy conversion and electron transfer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1507:278-90. [PMID: 11687220 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(01)00207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A survey is given of various aspects of the photosynthetic processes in heliobacteria. The review mainly refers to results obtained since 1995, which had not been covered earlier. It first discusses the antenna organization and pigmentation. The pigments of heliobacteria include some unusual species: bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) g, the main pigment, 8(1) hydroxy chlorophyll a, which acts as primary electron acceptor, and 4,4'-diaponeurosporene, a carotenoid with 30 carbon atoms. Energy conversion within the antenna is very fast: at room temperature thermal equilibrium among the approx. 35 BChls g of the antenna is largely completed within a few ps. This is then followed by primary charge separation, involving a dimer of BChl g (P798) as donor, but recent evidence indicates that excitation of the acceptor pigment 8(1) hydroxy chlorophyll a gives rise to an alternative primary reaction not involving excited P798. The final section of the review concerns secondary electron transfer, an area that is relatively poorly known in heliobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Neerken
- Department of Biophysics, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Rao BK, Tyryshkin AM, Roberts AG, Bowman MK, Kramer DM. Inhibitory copper binding site on the spinach cytochrome b6f complex: implications for Qo site catalysis. Biochemistry 2000; 39:3285-96. [PMID: 10727220 DOI: 10.1021/bi991974a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The isolated cytochrome (cyt) b(6)f complex from spinach is inhibited by Cu(2+) with a K(D) of about 1 microM at pH 7.6 in the presence of 1.6 microM decyl-plastoquinol (C(10)-PQH(2)) as a substrate. Inhibition was competitive with respect to C(10)-PQH(2) but noncompetitive with respect to horse heart cyt c or plastocyanin (PC). Inhibition was also pH-sensitive, with an apparent pK at about 7, above which inhibition was stronger, suggesting that binding occurred at or near a protonatable amino acid residue. Equilibrium binding titrations revealed ca. 1.4 tight Cu(2+) binding sites with a K(D) of about 0.5 microM and multiple (>8) weak (K(D) > 50 microM) binding sites per complex. Pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques were used to identify probable binding sites for inhibitory Cu(2+). A distinct enhancement of the relaxation time constant for the EPR signal from bound Cu(2+) was observed when the cyt f was paramagnetic. The magnitude and temperature-dependence of this relaxation enhancement were consistent with a dipole interaction between Cu(2+) and the cyt f (Fe(3+)) heme at a distance of between 30 and 54 A, depending upon the relative orientations of Cu(2+) and cyt f heme g-tensors. Two-pulse electron spin-echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) and 4-pulse 2-dimensional hyperfine sublevel correlation (2D HYSCORE) measurements of Cu(2+) bound to isolated cyt b(6)f complex indicated the presence of a weakly coupled nitrogen nucleus. The nuclear quadrupole interaction (NQI) and the hyperfine interaction (HFI) parameters identified one Cu(2+) ligand as an imidazole nitrogen of a His residue, and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) confirmed the presence of a directly coordinated nitrogen. A model of the 3-dimensional structure of the cytochrome b(6)f complex was constructed on the basis of sequences and structural similarities with the mitochondrial cyt bc(1) complex, for which X-ray structures have been solved. This model indicated three possible His residues as ligands to inhibitory Cu(2+). Two of these are located on the "Rieske" iron-sulfur protein protein (ISP) while the third is found on the cyt f protein. None of these potential ligands appear to interact directly with the quinol oxidase (Q(o)) binding pocket. A model is thus proposed wherein Cu(2+) interferes with the interaction of the ISP protein with the Q(o) site, preventing the binding and subsequent oxidation of plastoquinonol. Implications for the involvement of ISP "domain movement" in Q(o) site catalysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Rao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, 289 Clark Hall, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340, USA
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Elbehti A, Nitschke W, Tron P, Michel C, Lemesle-Meunier D. Redox components of cytochrome bc-type enzymes in acidophilic prokaryotes. I. Characterization of the cytochrome bc1-type complex of the acidophilic ferrous ion-oxidizing bacterium Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:16760-5. [PMID: 10358017 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.24.16760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The redox components of the cytochrome bc1 complex from the acidophilic chemolithotrophic organism Thiobacillus ferrooxidans were investigated by potentiometric and spectroscopic techniques. Optical redox titrations demonstrated the presence of two b-type hemes with differing redox midpoint potentials at pH 7.4 (-169 and + 20 mV for bL and bH, respectively). At pH 3.5, by contrast, both hemes appeared to titrate at about +20 mV. Antimycin A, 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide, and stigmatellin induced distinguishable shifts of the b hemes' alpha-bands, providing evidence for the binding of antimycin A and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide near heme bH (located on the cytosolic side of the membrane) and of stigmatellin near heme bL (located on the periplasmic side of the membrane). The inhibitors stigmatellin, 5-(n-undecyl)-6-hydroxy-4,7-dioxobenzothiazole, and 2, 5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone affected the EPR spectrum of the Rieske iron-sulfur center in a way that differs from what has been observed for cytochrome bc1 or b6f complexes. The results obtained demonstrate that the T. ferrooxidans complex, although showing most of the features characteristic for bc1 complexes, contains unique properties that are most probably related to the chemolithotrophicity and/or acidophilicity of its parent organism. A speculative model for reverse electron transfer through the T. ferrooxidans complex is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Elbehti
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Ingéniérie des Proteines, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale et Microbiologie, 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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Brugna M, Nitschke W, Asso M, Guigliarelli B, Lemesle-Meunier D, Schmidt C. Redox components of cytochrome bc-type enzymes in acidophilic prokaryotes. II. The Rieske protein of phylogenetically distant acidophilic organisms. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:16766-72. [PMID: 10358018 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.24.16766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rieske proteins of two phylogenetically distant acidophilic organisms, i.e. the proteobacterium Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and the crenarchaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, were studied by EPR. Redox titrations at a range of pH values showed that the Rieske centers of both organisms are characterized by redox midpoint potential-versus-pH curves featuring a common pK value of 6.2. This pK value is significantly more acidic (by almost 2 pH units) than that of Rieske proteins in neutrophilic species. The orientations of the Rieske center's g tensors with respect to the plane of the membrane were studied between pH 4 and 8 using partially ordered samples. At pH 4, the Sulfolobus Rieske cluster was found in the "typical" orientation of chemically reduced Rieske centers, whereas this orientation changed significantly on going toward high pH values. The Thiobacillus protein, by contrast, appeared to be in the "standard" orientation at both low and high pH values. The results are discussed with respect to the molecular parameters conveying acid resistance and in light of the recently demonstrated long-range conformational movement of the Rieske protein during enzyme turnover in cytochrome bc1 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brugna
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines (UPR 9036), CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale et Microbiologie, 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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Schoepp B, Brugna M, Lebrun E, Nitschke W. Iron-Sulfur Centers Involved in Photosynthetic Light Reactions. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(08)60082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Guigliarelli B, Bertrand P. Application of EPR Spectroscopy to the Structural and Functional Study of Iron-Sulfur Proteins. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(08)60084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Xiong J, Inoue K, Bauer CE. Tracking molecular evolution of photosynthesis by characterization of a major photosynthesis gene cluster from Heliobacillus mobilis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:14851-6. [PMID: 9843979 PMCID: PMC24539 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.25.14851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/1998] [Accepted: 10/13/1998] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A DNA sequence has been obtained for a 35.6-kb genomic segment from Heliobacillus mobilis that contains a major cluster of photosynthesis genes. A total of 30 ORFs were identified, 20 of which encode enzymes for bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis, reaction-center (RC) apoprotein, and cytochromes for cyclic electron transport. Donor side electron-transfer components to the RC include a putative RC-associated cytochrome c553 and a unique four-large-subunit cytochrome bc complex consisting of Rieske Fe-S protein (encoded by petC), cytochrome b6 (petB), subunit IV (petD), and a diheme cytochrome c (petX). Phylogenetic analysis of various photosynthesis gene products indicates a consistent grouping of oxygenic lineages that are distinct and descendent from anoxygenic lineages. In addition, H. mobilis was placed as the closest relative to cyanobacteria, which form a monophyletic origin to chloroplast-based photosynthetic lineages. The consensus of the photosynthesis gene trees also indicates that purple bacteria are the earliest emerging photosynthetic lineage. Our analysis also indicates that an ancient gene-duplication event giving rise to the paralogous bchI and bchD genes predates the divergence of all photosynthetic groups. In addition, our analysis of gene duplication of the photosystem I and photosystem II core polypeptides supports a "heterologous fusion model" for the origin and evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xiong
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Vrieze J, van de Meent EJ, Hoff AJ. Triplet properties and interactions of the primary electron donor and antenna chromophores in membranes of Heliobacterium chlorum, studied with ADMR spectroscopy. Biochemistry 1998; 37:14900-9. [PMID: 9778366 DOI: 10.1021/bi981207w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The triplet states of antenna and reaction center bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) g in membranes of Heliobacterium chlorum were studied by optically detected magnetic resonance in zero magnetic field, using absorbance detection. A variety of triplet states was detected, which were all localized on single BChl g chromophores as concluded from a comparison with the triplet state of monomeric BChl g in organic solvents. With the aid of the microwave-induced absorbance difference spectra, we assign a triplet state with zero-field splitting parameters |D| = 727.5 and |E| = 254. 5 MHz to that of the primary donor. The low |E| value indicates that the BChls of the primary donor are monoligated. The intensities of the zero-field transitions were strongly dependent on the redox state of the secondary electron acceptors. A triplet state with |D| = 690-705 MHz and |E| =230 MHz, present under all redox conditions, is associated with antenna BChl g absorbing at 814 nm. Its triplet yield was independent of the redox conditions; we conclude therefore that the antenna chromophores absorbing at 814 nm are not connected with the reaction center at cryogenic temperatures (1.2 K). In addition, relatively strong signals were detected belonging to triplet states with |D| and |E| of 663-680 and 220-227 MHz, respectively, whose amplitudes were dependent on the redox conditions. Triplet states with these zero-field splitting parameters are located on antenna chromophores absorbing between 798-814 nm; their zero-field transitions and absorbance difference spectra indicate a considerable heterogeneity. The concentration of triplet states of antenna chromophores absorbing around 800 nm decreased markedly upon prolonged excitation at 1.2 K. This phenomenon is attributed to quenching of excitations on antenna pigments by stable charge separation in the closely connected reaction center, possibly involving a low-quantum yield menaquinone electron acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vrieze
- Department of Biophysics, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, The Netherlands
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Brugna M, Albouy D, Nitschke W. Diversity of cytochrome bc complexes: example of the Rieske protein in green sulfur bacteria. J Bacteriol 1998; 180:3719-23. [PMID: 9658021 PMCID: PMC107346 DOI: 10.1128/jb.180.14.3719-3723.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/1998] [Accepted: 05/17/1998] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rieske 2Fe2S cluster of Chlorobium limicola forma thiosulfatophilum strain tassajara was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Two distinct orientations of its g tensor were observed in oriented samples corresponding to differing conformations of the protein. Only one of the two conformations persisted after treatment with 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone. A redox midpoint potential (Em) of +160 mV in the pH range of 6 to 7.7 and a decreasing Em (-60 to -80 mV/pH unit) above pH 7.7 were found. The implications of the existence of differing conformational states of the Rieske protein, as well as of the shape of its Em-versus-pH curve, in green sulfur bacteria are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brugna
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines (UPR 9036), Institut de Biologie Structurale et Microbiologie, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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Brettel K, Leibl W, Liebl U. Electron transfer in the heliobacterial reaction center: evidence against a quinone-type electron acceptor functioning analogous to A1 in photosystem I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1363:175-81. [PMID: 9518598 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(98)00010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fragments from Heliobacillus mobilis were characterized using time resolved optical spectroscopy and photovoltage measurements in order to detect a possible participation of menaquinone (MQ), functioning analogous to the phylloquinone A1 in photosystem I, as intermediate in electron transfer from the primary acceptor A0 to the iron-sulfur cluster FX in the photosynthetic reaction center. The spectroscopic data obtained exclude that electron transfer from a semiquinone anion MQ- to FX occurred in the time window from 2 ns to 4 micros, where it would be expected in analogy to photosystem I. In the case of a prereduction of FX, only the primary pair P798+A0- was formed. The photovoltage data yielded a single kinetic phase with a time constant of 700 ps for the transmembrane electron transfer beyond A0; the relative amplitude of this phase suggests that it reflects electron transfer from A0- to FX.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brettel
- Section de Bioénergétique, DBCM, CEA and CNRS URA 2096, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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Liebl U, Lambry JC, Breton J, Martin JL, Vos MH. Spectral equilibration and primary photochemistry in Heliobacillus mobilis at cryogenic temperature. Biochemistry 1997; 36:5912-20. [PMID: 9153433 DOI: 10.1021/bi9625197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We performed multicolor femtosecond transient absorption measurements on membranes of the photosynthetic bacterium Heliobacillus mobilis at 20 K, by selective excitation at either the red or the blue extreme of the bacteriochlorophyll g Q(Y) band, which is split in three spectral forms (Bchl g 778, 793, and 808) at low temperature. In contrast to room temperature, there is no observable uphill energy transfer upon excitation at the red extreme. This provides a direct experimental confirmation of the expected strong temperature dependence of uphill energy transfer in multichromophore systems. Upon excitation at the blue edge, downhill energy transfer is observed on time ranges varying over 2 orders of magnitude and is discussed in terms of four distinct energy transfer processes: Bchl g 778* --> Bchl g 793* (approximately 50 fs); Bchl g 778* --> Bchl g 808* (approximately 400 fs); Bchl g 793* --> Bchl g 808* (approximately 1.4 ps); and within Bchl g 808* (approximately 7 ps). Surprisingly, the amount of oxidized primary donor P798+ formed on the time scale of picoseconds and tens of picoseconds was found to depend on the excitation conditions: trapping occurs mainly in approximately 80 ps and slower from directly excited Bchl g 808* and can additionally occur in a few picoseconds from Bchl g 778* and Bchl g 793* upon blue excitation. This finding implies that spectral equilibration is not complete prior to charge separation and furthermore is inconsistent with a funnel model, in which P798 is surrounded by long-wavelength pigments. More generally, we discuss to what extent our data bring constraints on the spatial distribution of the different spectral forms of the pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Liebl
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, INSERM U451, Ecole Polytechnique-ENSTA, Palaiseau, France
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Kramer DM, Schoepp B, Liebl U, Nitschke W. Cyclic electron transfer in Heliobacillus mobilis involving a menaquinol-oxidizing cytochrome bc complex and an RCI-type reaction center. Biochemistry 1997; 36:4203-11. [PMID: 9100015 DOI: 10.1021/bi962241i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Flash-induced absorption changes arising from b-type hemes were studied on whole cells of Heliobacillus mobilis under physiological and redox-controlled conditions. The sensitivity of the monitored redox changes to inhibitors of cytochrome bc complexes and the redox potential dependence of reduction and oxidation reactions of cytochrome b-hemes demonstrate that the respective b-hemes are part of a cytochrome bc complex. Both the half-time and the extent of flash-induced reduction of cytochrome b titrated with apparent potentials of about -60 and -50 mV (both n = 2), respectively, i.e., close to the Em,7 value of the menaquinone (MK) pool, indicating a collisional interaction between menaquinol and the Qo site of the cytochrome bc complex. At strongly reducing ambient potentials (< -150 mV), a net flash-induced oxidation of b-hemes was observed in agreement with the Em,7 values of the individual hemes of -90 mV (b(h)) and -190 mV (b(l)) determined in equilibrium redox titrations on membrane fragments. From the extent of photooxidized b- and c-type hemes as well as P798+, a stoichiometry of 0.6-0.75 cytochrome bc complexes per photosynthetic reaction center was estimated. The kinetic behavior and also the energy profiles for Q-cycle turnover of the heliobacterial complex are compared to those of cytochrome bc1 complexes from purple bacteria and of cytochrome b6f complexes from chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Kramer
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6340, USA.
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Nitschke W, Schoepp B, Floss B, Schricker A, Rutherford AW, Liebl U. Membrane-bound c-type cytochromes in Heliobacillus mobilis. Characterisation by EPR and optical spectroscopy in membranes and detergent-solubilised material. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1996; 242:695-702. [PMID: 9022699 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0695r.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The spectral and electrochemical parameters, as well as the orientations of the heme plane with respect to the membrane plane, of the c-type hemes present in membrane fragments from Heliobacillus mobilis were characterised by optical and EPR spectroscopy. Cytochrome C53, was thereby shown to represent at least four and possibly five heme species with the following characteristics: Em = -60 mV +/- 10 mV, g, = 2.92, 60 degrees; Em = +90 mV +/- 10 mV, g, = 2.92, 90 degrees; Em = +120 mV +/- 20 mV, g, = 3.03; and Em = +170 mV +/- 20 mV, g, = 3.03. The latter component may correspond to two hemes with redox midpoint potentials of Em = +160 mV +/- 20 mV and Em = +180 mV +/- 20 mV (all Em values at pH 7.0). For the heme species having g, peaks at g approximately 3.03, determination of individual orientations was precluded due to the superposition of several differently oriented hemes. About one copy of each heme was found to be present per photosynthetic reaction centre, with the exception of the +120 mV component for which a stoichiometry of 2 hemes/reaction centre was obtained. The heme proteins were detergent-solubilised and partially purified. Three c-type cytochromes that migrated with apparent molecular masses of 18, 29 and 50 kDa were detected on SDS/PAGE. Optical redox titrations at pH 7.0 showed redox midpoint potentials of +160 mV +/- 10 mV for the 18-kDa cytochrome, and -60 mV +/- 10 mV, with possible contributions around +160 mV, for the 50-kDa cytochrome. A tentative attribution of heme species observed in membranes to the isolated heme proteins is presented. The results obtained on H. mobilis are compared with those reported for green sulphur bacteria.
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Liebl U, Nitschke W, Mattioli TA. Pigment-Protein Interactions in the Antenna-Reaction Center Complex of Heliobacillus mobilis. Photochem Photobiol 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb02419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Riedel A, Kellner E, Grodzitzki D, Liebl U, Hauska G, Müller A, William Rutherford A, Nitschke W. The [2Fe-2S] centre of the cytochrome bc complex in Bacillus firmus OF4 in EPR: an example of a menaquinol-oxidizing Rieske centre. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(93)90227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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The Rieske FeS center from the gram-positive bacterium PS3 and its interaction with the menaquinone pool studied by EPR. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)49679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Riedel A, Rutherford A, Hauska G, Müller A, Nitschke W. Chloroplast Rieske Center. EPR study on its spectral characteristics, relaxation and orientation properties. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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