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Sipka G, Nagy L, Magyar M, Akhtar P, Shen JR, Holzwarth AR, Lambrev PH, Garab G. Light-induced reversible reorganizations in closed Type II reaction centre complexes: physiological roles and physical mechanisms. Open Biol 2022; 12:220297. [PMID: 36514981 PMCID: PMC9748786 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to outline our understanding of the nature, mechanism and physiological significance of light-induced reversible reorganizations in closed Type II reaction centre (RC) complexes. In the so-called 'closed' state, purple bacterial RC (bRC) and photosystem II (PSII) RC complexes are incapable of generating additional stable charge separation. Yet, upon continued excitation they display well-discernible changes in their photophysical and photochemical parameters. Substantial stabilization of their charge-separated states has been thoroughly documented-uncovering light-induced reorganizations in closed RCs and revealing their physiological importance in gradually optimizing the operation of the photosynthetic machinery during the dark-to-light transition. A range of subtle light-induced conformational changes has indeed been detected experimentally in different laboratories using different bRC and PSII-containing preparations. In general, the presently available data strongly suggest similar structural dynamics of closed bRC and PSII RC complexes, and similar physical mechanisms, in which dielectric relaxation processes and structural memory effects of proteins are proposed to play important roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Sipka
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - L. Nagy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary,Institute of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - M. Magyar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - P. Akhtar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - J.-R. Shen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Science, and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 700-8530 Okayama, Japan,Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - A. R. Holzwarth
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - P. H. Lambrev
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - G. Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Sipka G, Magyar M, Mezzetti A, Akhtar P, Zhu Q, Xiao Y, Han G, Santabarbara S, Shen JR, Lambrev PH, Garab G. Light-adapted charge-separated state of photosystem II: structural and functional dynamics of the closed reaction center. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:1286-1302. [PMID: 33793891 PMCID: PMC8225241 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) uses solar energy to oxidize water and delivers electrons for life on Earth. The photochemical reaction center of PSII is known to possess two stationary states. In the open state (PSIIO), the absorption of a single photon triggers electron-transfer steps, which convert PSII into the charge-separated closed state (PSIIC). Here, by using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques on Spinacia oleracea and Thermosynechococcus vulcanus preparations, we show that additional illumination gradually transforms PSIIC into a light-adapted charge-separated state (PSIIL). The PSIIC-to-PSIIL transition, observed at all temperatures between 80 and 308 K, is responsible for a large part of the variable chlorophyll-a fluorescence (Fv) and is associated with subtle, dark-reversible reorganizations in the core complexes, protein conformational changes at noncryogenic temperatures, and marked variations in the rates of photochemical and photophysical reactions. The build-up of PSIIL requires a series of light-induced events generating rapidly recombining primary radical pairs, spaced by sufficient waiting times between these events-pointing to the roles of local electric-field transients and dielectric relaxation processes. We show that the maximum fluorescence level, Fm, is associated with PSIIL rather than with PSIIC, and thus the Fv/Fm parameter cannot be equated with the quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry. Our findings resolve the controversies and explain the peculiar features of chlorophyll-a fluorescence kinetics, a tool to monitor the functional activity and the structural-functional plasticity of PSII in different wild-types and mutant organisms and under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G�bor Sipka
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Melinda Magyar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alberto Mezzetti
- Universit� Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratoire de R�activit� de Surface UMR 7197, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Parveen Akhtar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Qingjun Zhu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Xiao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Photosynthetic Research Unit, Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Milano, Italy
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Petar H Lambrev
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Author for correspondence: (G.G.), (P.H.L.)
| | - Győző Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Author for correspondence: (G.G.), (P.H.L.)
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Mathis P, Nabedryk E, Verméglio A. Tribute in memory of Jacques Breton (1942-2018). PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 140:263-274. [PMID: 30712213 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Jacques Breton spent his 39 years of professional life at Saclay, a center of the French Atomic Energy Commission. He studied photosynthesis with various advanced biophysical tools, often developed by himself and his numerous coworkers, obtaining a large number of new information on the structure and the functioning of antenna and of reaction centers of plants and bacteria: excitation migration in the antenna, orientation of molecules, rate of primary reactions, binding of pigments and electron transfer cofactors. Although it is much too short to illustrate his impressive work, we hope that this contribution will help maintaining the souvenir of Jacques Breton as an active and enthusiastic person, full of qualities, devoted to research and to his family as well. We include personal comments from N. E. Geacintov, A. Dobek, W. Leibl, M. Vos and W. W. Parson.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mathis
- Section de Bioénergétique, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Eliane Nabedryk
- Service de Bioénergétique Biologie Structurale et Mécanismes, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - André Verméglio
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Cellulaire, CEA Cadarache, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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Malferrari M, Turina P, Francia F, Mezzetti A, Leibl W, Venturoli G. Dehydration affects the electronic structure of the primary electron donor in bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers: evidence from visible-NIR and light-induced difference FTIR spectroscopy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:238-51. [PMID: 25188921 DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00245h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic reaction center (RC) is a membrane pigment-protein complex that catalyzes the initial charge separation reactions of photosynthesis. Following photoexcitation, the RC undergoes conformational relaxations which stabilize the charge-separated state. Dehydration of the complex inhibits its conformational dynamics, providing a useful tool to gain insights into the relaxational processes. We analyzed the effects of dehydration on the electronic structure of the primary electron donor P, as probed by visible-NIR and light-induced FTIR difference spectroscopy, in RC films equilibrated at different relative humidities r. Previous FTIR and ENDOR spectroscopic studies revealed that P, an excitonically coupled dimer of bacteriochlorophylls, can be switched between two conformations, P866 and P850, which differ in the extent of delocalization of the unpaired electron between the two bacteriochlorophyll moieties (PL and PM) of the photo-oxidized radical P(+). We found that dehydration (at r = 11%) shifts the optical Qy band of P from 866 to 850-845 nm, a large part of the effect occurring already at r = 76%. Such a dehydration weakens light-induced difference FTIR marker bands, which probe the delocalization of charge distribution within the P(+) dimer (the electronic band of P(+) at 2700 cm(-1), and the associated phase-phonon vibrational modes at around 1300, 1480, and 1550 cm(-1)). From the analysis of the P(+) keto C[double bond, length as m-dash]O bands at 1703 and 1713-15 cm(-1), we inferred that dehydration induces a stronger localization of the unpaired electron on PL(+). The observed charge redistribution is discussed in relation to the dielectric relaxation of the photoexcited RC on a long (10(2) s) time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Malferrari
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, FaBiT, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Malferrari M, Francia F, Venturoli G. Retardation of Protein Dynamics by Trehalose in Dehydrated Systems of Photosynthetic Reaction Centers. Insights from Electron Transfer and Thermal Denaturation Kinetics. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:13600-18. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b02986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Malferrari
- Laboratorio di Biochimica e Biofisica Molecolare, Dipartimento di
Farmacia e Biotecnologie, FaBiT, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Francia
- Laboratorio di Biochimica e Biofisica Molecolare, Dipartimento di
Farmacia e Biotecnologie, FaBiT, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Venturoli
- Laboratorio di Biochimica e Biofisica Molecolare, Dipartimento di
Farmacia e Biotecnologie, FaBiT, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale
Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia (CNISM), c/o
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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6
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Li Y, Kimura Y, Arikawa T, Wang-Otomo ZY, Ohno T. ATR–FTIR Detection of Metal-Sensitive Structural Changes in the Light-Harvesting 1 Reaction Center Complex from the Thermophilic Purple Sulfur Bacterium Thermochromatium tepidum. Biochemistry 2013; 52:9001-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bi401033y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department
of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kimura
- Department
of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Arikawa
- Department
of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Ohno
- Department
of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Renaud N, Powell D, Zarea M, Movaghar B, Wasielewski MR, Ratner MA. Quantum Interferences and Electron Transfer in Photosystem I. J Phys Chem A 2012; 117:5899-908. [DOI: 10.1021/jp308216y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Renaud
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston,
Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Daniel Powell
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston,
Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Mahdi Zarea
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston,
Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Bijan Movaghar
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston,
Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston,
Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Mark A. Ratner
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston,
Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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Effects of dehydration on light-induced conformational changes in bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers probed by optical and differential FTIR spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1827:328-39. [PMID: 23103449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Following light-induced electron transfer between the primary donor (P) and quinone acceptor (Q(A)) the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center (RC) undergoes conformational relaxations which stabilize the primary charge separated state P(+)Q(A)(-). Dehydration of RCs from Rhodobacter sphaeroides hinders these conformational dynamics, leading to acceleration of P(+)Q(A)(-) recombination kinetics [Malferrari et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 115 (2011) 14732-14750]. To clarify the structural basis of the conformational relaxations and the involvement of bound water molecules, we analyzed light-induced P(+)Q(A)(-)/PQ(A) difference FTIR spectra of RC films at two hydration levels (relative humidity r=76% and r=11%). Dehydration reduced the amplitude of bands in the 3700-3550cm(-1) region, attributed to water molecules hydrogen bonded to the RC, previously proposed to stabilize the charge separation by dielectric screening [Iwata et al., Biochemistry 48 (2009) 1220-1229]. Other features of the FTIR difference spectrum were affected by partial depletion of the hydration shell (r=11%), including contributions from modes of P (9-keto groups), and from NH or OH stretching modes of amino acidic residues, absorbing in the 3550-3150cm(-1) range, a region so far not examined in detail for bacterial RCs. To probe in parallel the effects of dehydration on the RC conformational relaxations, we analyzed by optical absorption spectroscopy the kinetics of P(+)Q(A)(-) recombination following the same photoexcitation used in FTIR measurements (20s continuous illumination). The results suggest a correlation between the observed FTIR spectral changes and the conformational rearrangements which, in the hydrated system, strongly stabilize the P(+)Q(A)(-) charge separated state over the second time scale.
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Stahl AD, Crouch LI, Jones MR, van Stokkum I, van Grondelle R, Groot ML. Role of PufX in Photochemical Charge Separation in the RC-LH1 Complex from Rhodobacter sphaeroides: An Ultrafast Mid-IR Pump–Probe Investigation. J Phys Chem B 2011; 116:434-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp206697k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas D. Stahl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucy I. Crouch
- School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R. Jones
- School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Ivo van Stokkum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie Louise Groot
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Malferrari M, Francia F, Venturoli G. Coupling between Electron Transfer and Protein–Solvent Dynamics: FTIR and Laser-Flash Spectroscopy Studies in Photosynthetic Reaction Center Films at Different Hydration Levels. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:14732-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2057767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Malferrari
- Laboratorio di Biochimica e Biofisica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Francia
- Laboratorio di Biochimica e Biofisica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Venturoli
- Laboratorio di Biochimica e Biofisica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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11
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Savitsky A, Malferrari M, Francia F, Venturoli G, Möbius K. Bacterial Photosynthetic Reaction Centers in Trehalose Glasses: Coupling between Protein Conformational Dynamics and Electron-Transfer Kinetics as Studied by Laser-Flash and High-Field EPR Spectroscopies. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:12729-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp105801q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Savitsky
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, Laboratorio di Biochimica e Biofisica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy, and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Malferrari
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, Laboratorio di Biochimica e Biofisica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy, and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Francia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, Laboratorio di Biochimica e Biofisica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy, and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giovanni Venturoli
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, Laboratorio di Biochimica e Biofisica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy, and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Möbius
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, Laboratorio di Biochimica e Biofisica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy, and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Pawlowicz NP, van Stokkum IHM, Breton J, van Grondelle R, Jones MR. An investigation of slow charge separation in a Tyrosine M210 to Tryptophan mutant of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center by femtosecond mid-infrared spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:2693-705. [DOI: 10.1039/b905934b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Pacheco R, Karmali A, Serralheiro MLM, Haris PI. Substrate interaction with recombinant amidase fromPseudomonas aeruginosaduring biocatalysis. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242420903287701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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14
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Pawlowicz NP, van Stokkum IHM, Breton J, van Grondelle R, Jones MR. Identification of the intermediate charge-separated state P+betaL- in a leucine M214 to histidine mutant of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center using femtosecond midinfrared spectroscopy. Biophys J 2009; 96:4956-65. [PMID: 19527655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy and electron transfer in a Leu M214 to His (LM214H) mutant of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center (RC) were investigated by applying time-resolved visible pump/midinfrared probe spectroscopy at room temperature. This mutant replacement of the Leu at position M214 resulted in the incorporation of a bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) in place of the native bacteriopheophytin in the L-branch of cofactors (denoted betaL). Purified LM214H RCs were excited at 600 nm (unselective excitation), at 800 nm (direct excitation of the monomeric BChl cofactors B(L) and B(M)), and at 860 nm (direct excitation of the primary donor (P) BChl pair (P(L)/P(M))). Absorption changes associated with carbonyl (C=O) stretch vibrational modes (9-keto, 10a-ester, and 2a-acetyl) of the cofactors and of the protein were recorded in the region between 1600 cm(-1) and 1770 cm(-1), and the data were subjected to both a sequential analysis and a simultaneous target analysis. After photoexcitation of the LM214H RC, P* decayed on a timescale of approximately 6.3 ps to P+BL-. The decay of P+BL- occurred with a lifetime of approximately 2 ps, approximately 3 times slower than that observed in wild-type and R-26 RCs (approximately 0.7 ps). Further electron transfer to the betaL BChl resulted in formation of the P+betaL- state, and its infrared absorbance difference spectrum is reported for the first time, to our knowledge. The fs midinfrared spectra of P+BL- and P+betaL- showed clear differences related to the different environments of the two BChls in the mutant RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia P Pawlowicz
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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15
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Berthomieu C, Hienerwadel R. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2009; 101:157-170. [PMID: 19513810 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-009-9439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy probes the vibrational properties of amino acids and cofactors, which are sensitive to minute structural changes. The lack of specificity of this technique, on the one hand, permits us to probe directly the vibrational properties of almost all the cofactors, amino acid side chains, and of water molecules. On the other hand, we can use reaction-induced FTIR difference spectroscopy to select vibrations corresponding to single chemical groups involved in a specific reaction. Various strategies are used to identify the IR signatures of each residue of interest in the resulting reaction-induced FTIR difference spectra. (Specific) Isotope labeling, site-directed mutagenesis, hydrogen/deuterium exchange are often used to identify the chemical groups. Studies on model compounds and the increasing use of theoretical chemistry for normal modes calculations allow us to interpret the IR frequencies in terms of specific structural characteristics of the chemical group or molecule of interest. This review presents basics of FTIR spectroscopy technique and provides specific important structural and functional information obtained from the analysis of the data from the photosystems, using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Berthomieu
- Commissariat à l' Energie Atomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Protéine Métal, DSV/Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, CNRS-CEA-Université Aix-Marseille II, Saint Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France.
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16
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Francia F, Malferrari M, Sacquin-Mora S, Venturoli G. Charge Recombination Kinetics and Protein Dynamics in Wild Type and Carotenoid-less Bacterial Reaction Centers: Studies in Trehalose Glasses. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:10389-98. [DOI: 10.1021/jp902287y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Francia
- Laboratorio di Biochimica e Biofisica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, CNRS UPR 9080, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France, and Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia (CNISM), Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Malferrari
- Laboratorio di Biochimica e Biofisica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, CNRS UPR 9080, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France, and Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia (CNISM), Bologna, Italy
| | - Sophie Sacquin-Mora
- Laboratorio di Biochimica e Biofisica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, CNRS UPR 9080, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France, and Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia (CNISM), Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Venturoli
- Laboratorio di Biochimica e Biofisica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, CNRS UPR 9080, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France, and Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia (CNISM), Bologna, Italy
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17
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Knox PP, Krasilnikov PM, Mamonov PA, Seifullina NK, Uchoa AF, Baptista MS. Stabilization of the electron in the quinone acceptor part of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centers. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350908040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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18
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Pawlowicz NP, van Grondelle R, van Stokkum IHM, Breton J, Jones MR, Groot ML. Identification of the first steps in charge separation in bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides by ultrafast mid-infrared spectroscopy: electron transfer and protein dynamics. Biophys J 2008; 95:1268-84. [PMID: 18424493 PMCID: PMC2479572 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.108.130880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved visible pump/mid-infrared (mid-IR) probe spectroscopy in the region between 1600 and 1800 cm(-1) was used to investigate electron transfer, radical pair relaxation, and protein relaxation at room temperature in the Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction center (RC). Wild-type RCs both with and without the quinone electron acceptor Q(A), were excited at 600 nm (nonselective excitation), 800 nm (direct excitation of the monomeric bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) cofactors), and 860 nm (direct excitation of the dimer of primary donor (P) BChls (P(L)/P(M))). The region between 1600 and 1800 cm(-1) encompasses absorption changes associated with carbonyl (C=O) stretch vibrational modes of the cofactors and protein. After photoexcitation of the RC the primary electron donor P excited singlet state (P*) decayed on a timescale of 3.7 ps to the state P(+)B(L)(-) (where B(L) is the accessory BChl electron acceptor). This is the first report of the mid-IR absorption spectrum of P(+)B(L)(-); the difference spectrum indicates that the 9-keto C=O stretch of B(L) is located around 1670-1680 cm(-1). After subsequent electron transfer to the bacteriopheophytin H(L) in approximately 1 ps, the state P(+)H(L)(-) was formed. A sequential analysis and simultaneous target analysis of the data showed a relaxation of the P(+)H(L)(-) radical pair on the approximately 20 ps timescale, accompanied by a change in the relative ratio of the P(L)(+) and P(M)(+) bands and by a minor change in the band amplitude at 1640 cm(-1) that may be tentatively ascribed to the response of an amide C=O to the radical pair formation. We conclude that the drop in free energy associated with the relaxation of P(+)H(L)(-) is due to an increased localization of the electron hole on the P(L) half of the dimer and a further consequence is a reduction in the electrical field causing the Stark shift of one or more amide C=O oscillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia P Pawlowicz
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Burda K. Dynamics of electron transfer in photosystem II. Cell Biochem Biophys 2007; 47:271-84. [PMID: 17652775 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-007-0011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II, being a constituent of light driven photosynthetic apparatus, is a highly organized pigment-protein-lipid complex. The arrangement of PSII active redox cofactors insures efficiency of electron transfer within it. Donation of electrons extracted from water by the oxygen evolving complex to plastoquinones requires an additional activation energy. In this paper we present theoretical discussion of the anharmonic fluctuations of the protein-lipid matrix of PSII and an experimental evidence showing that the fluctuations are responsible for coupling of its donor and acceptor side. We argue that the fast collective motions liberated at temperatures higher that 200 K are crucial for the two final steps of the water splitting cycle and that one can distinguish three different dynamic regimes of PSII action which are controlled by the timescales of forward electron transfer, which vary with temperature. The three regimes of the dynamical behavior are related to different spatial domains of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kvetoslava Burda
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
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20
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Madeo J, Gunner MR. Modeling binding kinetics at the Q(A) site in bacterial reaction centers. Biochemistry 2005; 44:10994-1004. [PMID: 16101283 PMCID: PMC2727067 DOI: 10.1021/bi050544j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial reaction centers (RCs) catalyze a series of electron-transfer reactions reducing a neutral quinone to a bound, anionic semiquinone. The dissociation constants and association rates of 13 tailless neutral and anionic benzo- and naphthoquinones for the Q(A) site were measured and compared. The K(d) values for these quinones range from 0.08 to 90 microM. For the eight neutral quinones, including duroquinone (DQ) and 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (UQ(0)), the quinone concentration and solvent viscosity dependence of the association rate indicate a second-order rate-determining step. The association rate constants (k(on)) range from 10(5) to 10(7) M(-)(1) s(-)(1). Association and dissociation rate constants were determined at pH values above the hydroxyl pK(a) for five hydroxyl naphthoquinones. These negatively charged compounds are competitive inhibitors for the Q(A) site. While the neutral quinones reach equilibrium in milliseconds, anionic hydroxyl quinones with similar K(d) values take minutes to bind or dissociate. These slow rates are independent of ionic strength, solvent viscosity, and quinone concentration, indicating a first-order rate-limiting step. The anionic semiquinone, formed by forward electron transfer at the Q(A) site, also dissociates slowly. It is not possible to measure the association rate of the unstable semiquinone. However, as the protein creates kinetic barriers for binding and releasing anionic hydroxyl quinones without greatly increasing the affinity relative to neutral quinones, it is suggested that the Q(A) site may do the same for anionic semiquinone. Thus, the slow semiquinone dissociation may not indicate significant thermodynamic stabilization of the reduced species in the Q(A) site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Madeo
- Physics Department J-419 City College of New York 138th Street and Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031
| | - M. R. Gunner
- Physics Department J-419 City College of New York 138th Street and Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031
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21
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Berthomieu C, Nabedryk E, Mäntele W, Breton J. Characterization by FTIR spectroscopy of the photoreduction of the primary quinone acceptor QA in photosystem II. FEBS Lett 2004; 269:363-7. [PMID: 15452972 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(90)81194-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular changes associated with the photoreduction of the primary quinone acceptor Qa of photosystem II have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This reaction was light-induced at room temperature on photosystem II membranes in the presence of hydroxylamine and diuron. A positive signal at 1478 cm-1 is assigned to the C---O stretching mode of the semiquinone anion, and can be correlated to the negative C=O mode(s) of the neutral QA at 1645 cm-1 and/or 16 cm-1. Analogies with bacterial reaction center are found in the amide I absorption range at 1672 cm-1, 1653 cm-1 and 1630 cm-1. The stabilization of QA- does not result from a large protein conformation change, but involves perturbations of several amino acid vibrations. At 1658 cm-1, a negative feature sensitive to 1H-2H exchange is tentatively assigned to a NH2 histidine mode, while tryptophan D2252 could contribute to the signal at 1560/1550 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Berthomieu
- Service de Biophysique, CEN Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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22
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Francia F, Palazzo G, Mallardi A, Cordone L, Venturoli G. Probing light-induced conformational transitions in bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers embedded in trehalose–water amorphous matrices. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2004; 1658:50-7. [PMID: 15282174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2004.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2004] [Revised: 04/22/2004] [Accepted: 04/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The coupling between electron transfer and protein dynamics has been studied in photosynthetic reaction centers (RC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides by embedding the protein into room temperature solid trehalose-water matrices. Electron transfer kinetics from the primary quinone acceptor (Q(A)(-)) to the photoxidized donor (P(+)) were measured as a function of the duration of photoexcitation from 20 ns (laser flash) to more than 1 min. Decreasing the water content of the matrix down to approximately 5x10(3) water molecules per RC causes a reversible four-times acceleration of P(+)Q(A)(-) recombination after the laser pulse. By comparing the broadly distributed kinetics observed under these conditions with the ones measured in glycerol-water mixtures at cryogenic temperatures, we conclude that RC relaxation from the dark-adapted to the light-adapted state and thermal fluctuations among conformational substates are hindered in the room temperature matrix over the time scale of tens of milliseconds. When the duration of photoexcitation is increased from a few milliseconds to the second time scale, recombination kinetics of P(+)Q(A)(-) slows down progressively and becomes less distributed, indicating that even in the driest matrices, during continuous illumination, the RC is gaining a limited conformational freedom that results in partial stabilization of P(+)Q(A)(-). This behavior is consistent with a tight structural and dynamical coupling between the protein surface and the trehalose-water matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Francia
- Laboratorio di Biochimica e Biofisica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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23
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Francia F, Palazzo G, Mallardi A, Cordone L, Venturoli G. Residual water modulates QA- -to-QB electron transfer in bacterial reaction centers embedded in trehalose amorphous matrices. Biophys J 2004; 85:2760-75. [PMID: 14507738 PMCID: PMC1303499 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(03)74698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of protein dynamics in the electron transfer from the reduced primary quinone, Q(A)(-), to the secondary quinone, Q(B), was studied at room temperature in isolated reaction centers (RC) from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides by incorporating the protein in trehalose water systems of different trehalose/water ratios. The effects of dehydration on the reaction kinetics were examined by analyzing charge recombination after different regimes of RC photoexcitation (single laser pulse, double flash, and continuous light) as well as by monitoring flash-induced electrochromic effects in the near infrared spectral region. Independent approaches show that dehydration of RC-containing matrices causes reversible, inhomogeneous inhibition of Q(A)(-)-to-Q(B) electron transfer, involving two subpopulations of RCs. In one of these populations (i.e., active), the electron transfer to Q(B) is slowed but still successfully competing with P(+)Q(A)(-) recombination, even in the driest samples; in the other (i.e., inactive), electron transfer to Q(B) after a laser pulse is hindered, inasmuch as only recombination of the P(+)Q(A)(-) state is observed. Small residual water variations ( approximately 7 wt %) modulate fully the relative fraction of the two populations, with the active one decreasing to zero in the driest samples. Analysis of charge recombination after continuous illumination indicates that, in the inactive subpopulation, the conformational changes that rate-limit electron transfer can be slowed by >4 orders of magnitude. The reported effects are consistent with conformational gating of the reaction and demonstrate that the conformational dynamics controlling electron transfer to Q(B) is strongly enslaved to the structure and dynamics of the surrounding medium. Comparing the effects of dehydration on P(+)Q(A)(-)-->PQ(A) recombination and Q(A)(-)Q(B)-->Q(A)Q(B)(-) electron transfer suggests that conformational changes gating the latter process are distinct from those stabilizing the primary charge-separated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Francia
- Laboratorio di Biochimica e Biofisica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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24
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Breton J, Wakeham MC, Fyfe PK, Jones MR, Nabedryk E. Characterization of the bonding interactions of QB upon photoreduction via A-branch or B-branch electron transfer in mutant reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2004; 1656:127-38. [PMID: 15178474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2004.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2003] [Revised: 02/18/2004] [Accepted: 02/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centers (RCs) containing the mutation Ala M260 to Trp (AM260W), transmembrane electron transfer along the full-length of the A-branch of cofactors is prevented by the loss of the Q(A) ubiquinone, but it is possible to generate the radical pair P(+)H(A)(-) by A-branch electron transfer or the radical pair P(+)Q(B)(-) by B-branch electron transfer. In the present study, FTIR spectroscopy was used to provide direct evidence for the complete absence of the Q(A) ubiquinone in mutant RCs with the AM260W mutation. Light-induced FTIR difference spectroscopy of isolated RCs was also used to probe the neutral Q(B) and the semiquinone Q(B)(-) states in two B-branch active mutants, a double AM260W-LM214H mutant, denoted WH, and a quadruple mutant, denoted WAAH, in which the AM260W, LM214H, and EL212A-DL213A mutations were combined. The data were compared to those obtained with wild-type (Wt) RCs and the double EL212A-DL213A (denoted AA) mutant which exhibit the usual A-branch electron transfer to Q(B). The Q(B)(-)/Q(B) spectrum of the WH mutant is very close to that of Wt RCs indicating similar bonding interactions of Q(B) and Q(B)(-) with the protein in both RCs. The Q(B)(-)/Q(B) spectra of the AA and WAAH mutants are also closely related to one another, but are very different to that of the Wt complex. Isotope-edited IR fingerprint spectra were obtained for the AA and WAAH mutants reconstituted with site-specific (13)C-labeled ubiquinone. Whilst perturbations of the interactions of the semiquinone Q(B)(-) with the protein are observed in the AA and WAAH mutants, the FTIR data show that the bonding interaction of neutral Q(B) in these two mutants are essentially the same as those for Wt RCs. Therefore, it is concluded that Q(B) occupies the same binding position proximal to the non-heme iron prior to reduction by either A-branch or B-branch electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Breton
- Service de Bioénergétique, Bât. 532, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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25
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Wakeham MC, Breton J, Nabedryk E, Jones MR. Formation of a Semiquinone at the QB Site by A- or B-Branch Electron Transfer in the Reaction Center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Biochemistry 2004; 43:4755-63. [PMID: 15096044 DOI: 10.1021/bi035726x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centers containing the mutation Ala M260 to Trp (AM260W), transmembrane electron transfer along the A-branch of cofactors is prevented by the loss of the QA ubiquinone. Reaction centers that contain this AM260W mutation are proposed to photoaccumulate the P(+)QB- radical pair following transmembrane electron transfer along the B-branch of cofactors (Wakeham, M. C., Goodwin, M. G., McKibbin, C., and Jones, M. R. (2003) Photoaccumulation of the P(+)QB- radical pair state in purple bacterial reaction centers that lack the QA ubiquinone. FEBS Lett. 540, 234-240). The yield of the P(+)QB- state appears to depend upon which additional mutations are present. In the present paper, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy was used to demonstrate that photooxidation of the reaction center's primary donor in QA-deficient reaction centers results in formation of a semiquinone at the QB site by B-branch electron transfer. Reduction of QB by the B-branch pathway still occurs at 100 K, with a yield of approximately 10% relative to that at room temperature, in contrast to the QA- to QB reaction in the wild-type reaction center, which is not active at cryogenic temperatures. These FTIR results suggest that the conformational changes that "gate" the QA- to QB reaction do not necessarily have the same influence on QB reduction when the electron donor is the HB anion, at least in a minority of reaction centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion C Wakeham
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
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26
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Remy A, Gerwert K. Coupling of light-induced electron transfer to proton uptake in photosynthesis. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2003; 10:637-44. [PMID: 12872158 DOI: 10.1038/nsb954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2002] [Accepted: 06/11/2003] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Light energy is transformed into chemical energy in photosynthesis by coupling a light-induced electron transfer to proton uptake. The resulting proton gradient drives ATP synthesis. In this study, we monitored the light-induced reactions in a 100-kDa photosynthetic protein from 30 ns to 35 s by FTIR difference spectroscopy. The results provide detailed mechanistic insights into the electron and proton transfer reactions of the QA to QB transition: reduction of QA in picoseconds induces protonation of histidines, probably of His126 and His128 in the H subunit at the entrance of the proton uptake channel, and of Asp210 in the L subunit inside the channel at 12 micros and 150 micros. This seems to be a prerequisite for the reduction of QB, mainly at 150 micros. QA- is reoxidized at 1.1 ms, and a proton is transferred from Asp210 to Glu212 in the L subunit, the proton donor to QB-. Notably, our data indicate that QB is not reduced directly by QA- but presumably through an intermediary electron donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Remy
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Postfach 102148, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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27
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Ishikita H, Morra G, Knapp EW. Redox potential of quinones in photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides: dependence on protonation of Glu-L212 and Asp-L213. Biochemistry 2003; 42:3882-92. [PMID: 12667079 DOI: 10.1021/bi026781t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The absolute values of the one-electron redox potentials of the two quinones (Q(A) and Q(B)) in bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides were calculated by evaluating the electrostatic energies from the solution of the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation at pH 7.0. The redox potential for Q(A) was calculated to be between -173 and -160 mV, which is close to the lowest measured values that are assumed to refer to nonequilibrated protonation patterns in the redox state Q(A)(-). The redox potential of quinone Q(B) is found to be about 160-220 mV larger for the light-exposed than for the dark-adapted structure. These values of the redox potentials are obtained if Asp-L213 is nearly protonated (probability 0.75-1.0) before and after electron transfer from Q(A) to Q(B), while Glu-L212 is partially protonated (probability 0.6) in the initial state Q(A)(-)Q(B)(0) and fully protonated in the final state Q(A)(0)Q(B)(-). Conversely, if the charge state of the quinones is varied from Q(A)(-)Q(B)(0) to Q(A)(0)Q(B)(-) corresponding to the electron transfer from Q(A) to Q(B), Asp-L213 remains protonated, while Glu-L212 changes its protonation state from 0.15 H(+) to fully protonated. In agreement with results from FTIR spectra, there is proton uptake at Glu-L212 going along with the electron transfer, whereas Asp-L213 does not change its protonation state. However, in our simulations Asp-L213 is considered to be protonated rather than ionized as deduced from FTIR spectra. The calculated redox potential of Q(A) shows little dependence on the charge state of Asp-L213, which is due to a strong coupling with the protonation state of Asp-M17 but increases by 50 mV if Glu-L212 changes from the ionized to the protonated charge state. Both are in agreement with fluorescence measurements observing the decay of SP(+)Q(A)(-) in a wide pH regime. The computed difference in redox potential of Q(B) in the light-exposed and dark-adapted structure was traced back to the hydrogen bond of Q(B) with His-L190 that is lost in the dark-adapted structure and the charge of the non-heme iron atom, which is closer to Q(B) in the light-exposed than in the dark-adapted structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishikita
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Takustrasse 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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28
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Johnson ET, Müh F, Nabedryk E, Williams JC, Allen JP, Lubitz W, Breton J, Parson WW. Electronic and Vibronic Coupling of the Special Pair of Bacteriochlorophylls in Photosynthetic Reaction Centers from Wild-Type and Mutant Strains of Rhodobacter Sphaeroides. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021024q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. T. Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Box 357350, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7350, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Service de Bioénergétique, CEA Saclay, Bât 532, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette Cedex France, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, and Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstr. 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - F. Müh
- Department of Biochemistry, Box 357350, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7350, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Service de Bioénergétique, CEA Saclay, Bât 532, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette Cedex France, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, and Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstr. 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - E. Nabedryk
- Department of Biochemistry, Box 357350, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7350, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Service de Bioénergétique, CEA Saclay, Bât 532, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette Cedex France, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, and Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstr. 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - J. C. Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, Box 357350, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7350, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Service de Bioénergétique, CEA Saclay, Bât 532, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette Cedex France, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, and Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstr. 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - J. P. Allen
- Department of Biochemistry, Box 357350, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7350, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Service de Bioénergétique, CEA Saclay, Bât 532, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette Cedex France, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, and Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstr. 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - W. Lubitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Box 357350, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7350, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Service de Bioénergétique, CEA Saclay, Bât 532, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette Cedex France, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, and Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstr. 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - J. Breton
- Department of Biochemistry, Box 357350, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7350, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Service de Bioénergétique, CEA Saclay, Bât 532, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette Cedex France, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, and Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstr. 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - W. W. Parson
- Department of Biochemistry, Box 357350, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7350, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Service de Bioénergétique, CEA Saclay, Bât 532, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette Cedex France, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, and Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstr. 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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Iwaki M, Andrianambinintsoa S, Rich P, Breton J. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of redox transitions in photosynthetic reaction centers: comparison of perfusion- and light-induced difference spectra. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2002; 58:1523-1533. [PMID: 12083676 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(02)00040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chemically induced Fourier transform infrared difference spectra associated with redox transitions of several primary electron donors and acceptors in photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs) have been compared with the light-induced FTIR difference spectra involving the same cofactors. The RCs are deposited on an attenuated total reflection (ATR) prism and form a film that is enclosed in a flow cell. Redox transitions in the film of RCs can be repetitively induced either by perfusion of buffers poised at different redox potentials or by illumination. The perfusion-induced ATR-FTIR difference spectra for the oxidation of the primary electron donor P in the RCs of the purple bacteria Rb. sphaeroides and Rp. viridis and P700 in the photosystem 1 of Synechocystis 6803, as well as the Q(A)/Q(A) transition of the quinone acceptor (Q(A)) in Rb. sphaeroides RCs are reported for the first time. They are compared with the light-induced ATR-FTIR difference spectra P+Q(A)/PQ(A) for the RCs of Rb. sphaeroides and P700+/P700 for photosystem 1. It is shown that the perfusion-induced and light-induced ATR-FTIR difference spectra recorded on the same RC film display identical signal to noise ratios when they are measured under comparable conditions. The ATR-FTIR difference spectra are very similar to the equivalent FTIR difference spectra previously recorded upon photochemical or electrochemical excitation of these RCs in the more conventional transmission mode. The ATR-FTIR technique requires a smaller amount of sample compared with transmission FTIR and allows precise control of the aqueous environment of the RC films.
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Mohapatra H, Umapathy S. Time-Resolved Resonance Raman Spectroscopic Studies on the Radical Anions of Methyl-1,4-benzoquinone and 2,6-Dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp013750j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Himansu Mohapatra
- Department of Inorganic & Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Siva Umapathy
- Department of Inorganic & Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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31
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Xu Q, Gunner MR. Exploring the energy profile of the Q(A)(-) to Q(B) electron transfer reaction in bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers: pH dependence of the conformational gating step. Biochemistry 2002; 41:2694-701. [PMID: 11851416 DOI: 10.1021/bi011834c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Both large- and small-scale conformational changes are needed as proteins carry out reactions. However, little is known about the identity, energy of, and barriers between functional substates on protein reaction coordinates. In isolated bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers, the electron transfer from the reduced primary quinone, Q(A)(-), to the secondary quinone, Q(B), is rate limited by conformational changes at low pH and by proton binding at high pH. The kinetics and thermodynamics of this reaction were determined between 200 and 300 K from pH 6 to pH 10.5. A model with two substates of the reactant, P(+)Q(A)(-)Q(B), one protonated (state A) and one unprotonated (alpha), and one state of the product, P(+)Q(A)Q(B)(-) (B), was able to simulate the dependence of the rate on temperature and pH fairly well. The equilibrium between the three states were measured in situ at each temperature. Proton binding (alpha to A transition) has a favorable DeltaH and unfavorable DeltaS as does the conformational changes required for electron transfer at low pH (A to B). The pK for the A to alpha transition is 9.7 at room temperature, consistent with previous measurements, and equivalent to 13.5 at 200 K. The activation barriers were determined for each transition. Both the alpha to A and the A to B transitions are limited primarily by the activation enthalpy with modest DeltaS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- Department of Physics, Room J419, City College of New York, 138th Street and Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, USA
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32
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Mezzetti A, Nabedryk E, Breton J, Okamura MY, Paddock ML, Giacometti G, Leibl W. Rapid-scan Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows coupling of GLu-L212 protonation and electron transfer to Q(B) in Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1553:320-30. [PMID: 11997141 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(02)00186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rapid-scan Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy was used to investigate the electron transfer reaction Q(A-)Q(B)-->Q(A)Q(B-) (k(AB)(1)) in mutant reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides, where Asp-L210 and/or Asp-M17 have been replaced with Asn. Mutation of both residues decreases drastically k(AB)(1)), attributed to slow proton transfer to Glu-L212, which becomes rate limiting for electron transfer to Q(B) [M.L. Paddock et al., Biochemistry 40 (2001) 6893]. In the double mutant, the FTIR difference spectrum recorded during the time window 4-29 ms following a flash showed peaks at 1670 (-), 1601 (-) and 1467 (+) cm(-1), characteristic of Q(A) reduction. The time evolution of the spectra shows reoxidation of Q(A-) and concomitant reduction of Q(B) with a kinetics of about 40 ms. In native reaction centers and in both single mutants, formation of Q(B-) occurs much faster than in the double mutant. Within the time resolution of the technique, protonation of Glu-L212, as characterized by an absorption increase at 1728 cm(-1) [E. Nabedryk et al., Biochemistry 34 (1995) 14722], was found to proceed with the same kinetics as reduction of Q(B) in all samples. These rapid-scan FTIR results support the model of proton uptake being rate limiting for the first electron transfer from Q(A-) to Q(B) and the identification of Glu-L212 as the main proton acceptor in the state Q(A)Q(B-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mezzetti
- Section de Bioénergétique, CEA Saclay, Bât 532, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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33
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Hillier W, Babcock GT. S-state dependent Fourier transform infrared difference spectra for the photosystem II oxygen evolving complex. Biochemistry 2001; 40:1503-9. [PMID: 11327808 DOI: 10.1021/bi002436x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vibrational spectroscopy provides a means to investigate molecular interactions within the active site of an enzyme. We have applied difference FTIR spectroscopy coupled with a flash turnover protocol of photosystem II (PSII) to study the oxygen evolving complex (OEC). Our data show two overlapping oscillatory patterns as the sample is flashed through the four-step S-state cycle that produces O(2) from two H(2)O molecules. The first oscillation pattern of the spectra shows a four-flash period four oscillation and reveals a number of new vibrational modes for each S-state transition, indicative of unique structural changes involved in the formation of each S-state. Importantly, the first and second flash difference spectra are reproduced in the 1800-1200 cm(-)(1) spectral region by the fifth and sixth flash difference spectra, respectively. The second oscillation pattern observed is a four-flash, period-two oscillation associated with changes primarily to the amide I and II modes and reports on changes in sign of these modes that alternate 0:0:1:1 during S-state advance. This four-flash, period-two oscillation undergoes sign inversion that alternates during the S(1)-to-S(2) and S(3)-to-S(0) transitions. Underlying this four-flash period two is a small-scale change in protein secondary structure in the PSII complex that is directly related to S-state advance. These oscillation patterns and their relationships with other PSII phenomena are discussed, and future work can initiate more detailed vibrational FTIR studies for the S-state transitions providing spectral assignments and further structural and mechanistic insight into the photosynthetic water oxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Hillier
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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34
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Grafton AK, Wheeler RA. Amino Acid Protonation States Determine Binding Sites of the Secondary Ubiquinone and Its Anion in the Rhodobacter sphaeroides Photosynthetic Reaction Center. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9901139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony K. Grafton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
| | - Ralph A. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019
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35
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Borovykh IV, Dzuba SA, Proskuryakov II, Gast P, Hoff AJ. Light-induced structural changes in photosynthetic reaction centres studied by ESEEM of spin-correlated D+QA- radical pairs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1363:182-6. [PMID: 9518602 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(98)00005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zn-substituted Rhodobacter sphaeroides R26 reaction centres (RCs) frozen in the dark and under illumination exhibit quite different recombination kinetics of the D+QA- radical pairs [Kleinfeld et al., Biochemistry, 23 (1984) 5780]. We have applied electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) of the spin-correlated D+QA- radical pairs to assess a possible light-induced change in the distance between the D and QA cofactors. The recombination kinetics and the field-swept spin-polarized EPR signal for the two preparations have been monitored by time-resolved EPR spectroscopy. For the samples frozen under illumination, a slight increase in the distance, 0.4+/-0.2 A, has been detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Borovykh
- Department of Biophysics, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
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36
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Stowell MH, McPhillips TM, Rees DC, Soltis SM, Abresch E, Feher G. Light-induced structural changes in photosynthetic reaction center: implications for mechanism of electron-proton transfer. Science 1997; 276:812-6. [PMID: 9115209 DOI: 10.1126/science.276.5313.812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 610] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
High resolution x-ray diffraction data from crystals of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides photosynthetic reaction center (RC) have been collected at cryogenic temperature in the dark and under illumination, and the structures were refined at 2.2 and 2.6 angstrom resolution, respectively. In the charge-separated D+QAQB- state (where D is the primary electron donor (a bacteriochlorophyll dimer), and QA and QB are the primary and secondary quinone acceptors, respectively), QB- is located approximately 5 angstroms from the QB position in the charge-neutral (DQAQB) state, and has undergone a 180 degrees propeller twist around the isoprene chain. A model based on the difference between the two structures is proposed to explain the observed kinetics of electron transfer from QA-QB to QAQB- and the relative binding affinities of the different ubiquinone species in the QB pocket. In addition, several water channels (putative proton pathways) leading from the QB pocket to the surface of the RC were delineated, one of which leads directly to the membrane surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Stowell
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 147-75CH, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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37
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Czarnecki K, Diers JR, Chynwat V, Erickson JP, Frank HA, Bocian DF. Characterization of the Strongly Coupled, Low-Frequency Vibrational Modes of the Special Pair of Photosynthetic Reaction Centers via Isotopic Labeling of the Cofactors. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja963281c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazimierz Czarnecki
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - James R. Diers
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Veeradej Chynwat
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Joy P. Erickson
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Harry A. Frank
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - David F. Bocian
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, and Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
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38
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Nonella M, Brändli C. Density Functional Investigation of Methoxy-Substituted p-Benzoquinones: Conformational Analysis and Harmonic Force Fields of 2-Methoxy- and 2,3-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9609747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Nonella
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christof Brändli
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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39
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Breton J, Nabedryk E. Protein-quinone interactions in the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center: light-induced FTIR difference spectroscopy of the quinone vibrations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(96)00054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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40
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Nabedryk E, Leibl W, Breton J. FTIR spectroscopy of primary donor photooxidation in Photosystem I, Heliobacillus mobilis, and Chlorobium limicola. Comparison with purple bacteria. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1996; 48:301-308. [PMID: 24271311 DOI: 10.1007/bf00041021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/1995] [Accepted: 02/12/1996] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The photooxidation of the primary electron donor in several Photosystem I-related organisms (Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, Heliobacillus mobilis, and Chlorobium limicola f. sp. thiosulphatophilum) has been studied by light-induced FTIR difference spectroscopy at 100 K in the 4000 to 1200 cm(-1) spectral range. The data are compared to the well-characterized FTIR difference spectra of the photooxidation of the primary donor P in Rhodobacter sphaeroides (both wild type and the heterodimer mutant HL M202) in order to get information on the charge localization and the extent of coupling within the (bacterio)chlorophylls constituting the oxidized primary donors. In Rb. sphaeroides RC, four marker bands mostly related to the dimeric nature of the oxidized primary donor have been previously observed at ≈2600, 1550, 1480, and 1295 cm(-1). The high-frequency band has been shown to correspond to an electronic transition (Breton et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31: 7503-7510) while the three other marker bands have been described as phase-phonon bands (Reimers and Hush (1995) Chem Phys 197: 323-332). The absence of these bands in PS I as well as in the heterodimer HL M202 demonstrates that in P700(+) the charge is essentially localized on a single chlorophyll molecule. For both H. mobilis and C. limicola, the presence of a high-frequency band at ≈ 2050 and 2450 cm(-1), respectively, and of phase-phonon bands (at ≈ 1535 and 1300 cm(-1) in H. mobilis, at ≈ 1465 and 1280 cm(-1) in C. limicola) indicate that the positive charge in the photooxidized primary donor is shared between two coupled BChls. The structure of P840(+) in C. limicola, in terms of the resonance interactions between the two BChl a molecules constituting the oxidized primary donor, is close to that of P(+) in purple bacteria reaction centers while for H. mobilis the FTIR data are interpreted in terms of a weaker coupling of the two bacteriochlorophylls.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nabedryk
- Section de Bioénergétique, Departement de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, CEA/Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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41
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Nonella M. Structures and harmonic force fields of 1,4-naphthoquinone and naphthalene: A density functional study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-1280(95)04390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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43
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MacDonald GM, Steenhuis JJ, Barry BA. A difference Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study of chlorophyll oxidation in hydroxylamine-treated photosystem II. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:8420-8. [PMID: 7721736 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.15.8420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In oxygenic photosynthesis, photosystem II is the chlorophyll-containing reaction center that carries out the light-induced transfer of electrons from water to plastoquinone. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy can be used to obtain information about the structural changes that accompany electron transfer in photosystem II. The vibrational difference spectrum associated with the reduction of photosystem II acceptor quinones is of interest. Previously, a high concentration of the photosystem II donor, hydroxylamine, has been used to obtain a spectrum attributed to QA- -QA (Berthomieu, C., Nabedryk, E., Mantele, W. and Breton, J. FEBS Lett. (1990) 269, 363). Here, we use electron paramagnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and 15N isotopic labeling to show that the difference infrared spectrum, obtained under these conditions, also exhibits a contribution from the oxidation of chlorophyll.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- F Siebert
- Institute of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany
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45
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Breton J, Boullais C, Burie JR, Nabedryk E, Mioskowski C. Binding sites of quinones in photosynthetic bacterial reaction centers investigated by light-induced FTIR difference spectroscopy: assignment of the interactions of each carbonyl of QA in Rhodobacter sphaeroides using site-specific 13C-labeled ubiquinone. Biochemistry 1994; 33:14378-86. [PMID: 7981197 DOI: 10.1021/bi00252a002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Light-induced QA-/QA FTIR difference spectra of the photoreduction of the primary quinone (QA) have been obtained for Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centers (RCs) reconstituted with ubiquinone (Q3) labeled selectively with 13C at the 1- or 4-position of the quinone ring, i.e., on either of the two carbonyls. The vibrational modes of the quinone in the QA site are compared to those in vitro. IR absorption spectra of films of the labeled quinones show that the two carbonyls contribute equally to the split C = O band at 1663-1650 cm-1. This splitting is assigned to the two different geometries of the methoxy group nearest to each carbonyl. The QA-/QA spectra of RCs reconstituted with either 13C1- or 13C4-labeled Q3 and with unlabeled Q3 as well as the double differences calculated from these spectra exhibit distinct isotopic shifts for the bands assigned to C = O and C = C vibrations of the neutral QA. For the unlabeled QA, these bands correspond to the bands at 1660, 1628, and 1601 cm-1 previously detected upon nonselective isotopic labeling [Breton, J., Burie, J.-R., Berthomieu, C., Berger, G., & Nabedryk, E. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 4953-4965]. The 1660-cm-1 band is unaffected upon selective labeling at C4 but shifts to approximately 1623 cm-1 upon 13C1 labeling, demonstrating that this band arises from the C1 carbonyl, proximal to the isoprenoid chain. The band at 1628 cm-1 shifts by 11 and 16 cm-1 upon 13C1 and 13C4 labeling, respectively, and is assigned to a C = C mode coupled to both carbonyls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J Breton
- Section de Bioénergétique, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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46
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Binding and interaction of the primary and the secondary electron acceptor quinones in bacterial photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(93)90005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Breton J, Nabedryk E. So→T1 infrared difference spectrum of the triplet state of the primary electron donor in Rb. sphaeroides photosynthetic bacterial reaction centers. Chem Phys Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(93)89162-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Mäntele W. Reaction-induced infrared difference spectroscopy for the study of protein function and reaction mechanisms. Trends Biochem Sci 1993; 18:197-202. [PMID: 8346552 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0004(93)90186-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Infrared spectroscopic methods have been developed in the past decade to a sensitivity and selectivity which renders them useful for the study of enzyme function and enzyme reaction mechanisms. Originally developed as difference techniques for the investigation of light-induced reactions of photoreactive proteins, and matured in the field of bacteriorhodopsin and rhodopsin, they can now be used for the study of redox proteins by the use of electrochemical cells, or for the study of many different enzymes by the use of photolabile effector molecules. This brief review summarizes the currently available methods of infrared difference spectroscopy, the technical prerequisites, achievements and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Mäntele
- Institut für Biophysik und Strahlenbiologie, Universität Freiburg, Germany
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49
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Maiti S, Cowen BR, Diller R, Iannone M, Moser CC, Dutton PL, Hochstrasser RM. Picosecond infrared studies of the dynamics of the photosynthetic reaction center. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:5247-51. [PMID: 8506373 PMCID: PMC46693 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.11.5247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The changes in the vibrational transitions of the protein and redox cofactors of the photosynthetic reaction center were examined by picosecond infrared spectroscopy. The spectra in the vibrational mid-infrared region (1800-1550 cm-1) of hydrated and partially dehydrated reaction centers were investigated from 50 ps to 4 ns after photoinitiation of the electron transfer. Features in the infrared difference spectra were identified with both protein and redox cofactor vibrational modes and correlated with electron transfer events whose kinetics were measured in the infrared and visible regions. The observed protein response is confined to a few amide I transitions (1644 cm-1, 1661 cm-1, 1665 cm-1) and carboxylic residues (1727 cm-1). About 85% of the observed signal corresponded to alterations in the cofactor-associated ester and keto carbonyls. The amide I and carboxylic transitions appeared prior to 50 ps, suggesting that the primary electron transfer event is coupled with a specific piece of the protein backbone and to glutamic or aspartic residues nearby the special pair. Infrared absorption changes accompanying bacteriochlorophyll-dimer cation formation dominated the signal at all times investigated. Infrared spectral changes observed in hydrated and partially dehydrated reaction centers were distinctly different; a band at 1665 cm-1 with a spectral width of 6 cm-1 in the hydrated protein, corresponding to a protein amide I bleach, was not present in the dehydrated film. These differences are discussed in terms of the markedly different electron transfer kinetics observed in the presence of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6323
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50
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Leonhard M, Mäntele W. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and electrochemistry of the primary electron donor in Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodopseudomonas viridis reaction centers: vibrational modes of the pigments in situ and evidence for protein and water modes affected by P+ formation. Biochemistry 1993; 32:4532-8. [PMID: 8485130 DOI: 10.1021/bi00068a007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Protein electrochemistry in an ultra-thin-layer electrochemical cell suitable for UV/vis and IR spectroscopy has been used to characterize the vibrational modes of the primary electron donors of Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodopseudomonas viridis reaction centers in their neutral and cation radical states (P and P+, respectively). The P-->P+ redox transitions could be well separated from redox reactions of other cofactors according to their redox midpoint potential. The IR difference bands of the primary electron donor bacteriochlorophylls all titrate in unison and exhibit the correct midpoint potential. Comparison of the difference spectra with those of isolated bacteriochlorophylls a and b in organic solvents of different polarity and proton activity [Mäntele, W., Wollenweber, A. M., Nabedryk, E., & Breton, J. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85, 8468-8472] leads to similar conclusions on the binding and interaction of the pigments within the protein matrix as previously obtained from light-induced P+Q-/PQ difference spectra. Equilibration of the reaction centers in D2O leads to few but distinct shifts of bands and changes of band intensities at 1662, 1634, and 1526 cm-1 (Rhodobacter sphaeroides) and 1694, 1664, 1648, 1630, and 1532 cm-1 (Rhodopseudomonas viridis) as well as to smaller deviations at other wavenumbers. The H-->D-sensitive band at 1662 cm-1 is interpreted in terms of a histidine NH2+ bending mode. A second H/D-sensitive difference band around 1648 cm-1 in the Rhodopseudomonas viridis reaction center may be associated with the peptide C = O of one of the amino acids surrounding P [eventually of the histidine(s) ligating the Mg] which is affected by P+ formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leonhard
- Institut für Biophysik und Strahlenbiologie, Universität Freiburg, FRG
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