Na(+)-H+ exchange in sheep parotid endpieces. Apparent insensitivity to amiloride

Electrophysiological characterization of native Na+-HCO3- cotransporter current in bovine parotid acinar cells

Using patch-clamp and molecular biological techniques, we identified and characterized membrane currents most likely generated by an electrogenic Na+-HCO3- cotransporter (NBCe) in acutely dissociated bovine parotid acinar (BPA) cells. When BPA cells were dialysed with a N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG)-glutamate-rich pipette solution, switching a Na-glutamate-rich, nominally HCO3--free bath solution to the one containing 25 mM HCO3-, but not Cl-, elicited a whole-cell current with a linear current-voltage relation. The HCO3- evoked current was abolished by total replacement of extracellular Na+ (Na+o) with NMDG or by 0.5 mM 4,4'-diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), and was only partially supported by Li+o, but not by K+o, Cs+o, and cholineo. The reversal potential shift of DIDS (0.5 mM)-sensitive current induced by a change of [Na+]o corresponded to an apparent coupling ratio of HCO3- to Na+ of 2. RT-PCR analysis showed the presence of transcripts of NBCe1-B, but not NBCe1-A in BPA cells. Electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of whole-cell currents recorded from HEK293 cells transfected with the NBCe1-B, which was cloned from BPA cells resembled those of the native currents. Non-invasive measurements of membrane potential changes in the cell-attached patch configuration indicated that an NBCe activity is present in intact unstimulated BPA cells bathed in a 25 mM HCO3--containing solution. Collectively, these results not only suggest that an NBCe is present, functional and may be mediated, at least in part, by NBCe1-B in BPA cells, but also provide the first electrophysiological characterization of transport properties of NBCe expressed in native exocrine glands.

H+ transporters in the main excretory duct of the mouse mandibular salivary gland

1. We used microspectrofluorimetry with the pH-sensitive fluoroprobe 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) to study the regulation of cytosolic pH (pHi) in the isolated, perfused main excretory duct of the mouse mandibular gland. 2. In nominally HCO3(-)-free solutions, removal of Na+ from the lumen alone caused pHi to decline whereas removing it from the bath alone did not. 3. Readmission of Na+ to the lumen of ducts studied under zero-Na+ conditions caused pHi to recover fully. This recovery was blocked by 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride (EIPA) with a half-maximum concentration of 0.5 mumol l-1, indicating the presence of an apical Na(+)-H+ exchanger. 4. Readmission of Na+ to the bath of ducts studied under zero-Na+ conditions also caused pHi to recover. This recovery was blocked by 100 mumol l-1 EIPA, indicating the presence of a basolateral Na(+)-H+ exchanger. 5. Measurements of H+ fluxes indicated that the apical Na(+)-H+ exchanger was approximately four times more active than the basolateral Na(+)-H+ exchanger. 6. In three sets of experiments (in the absence of Na+, in the presence of Na+, and in the presence of Na+ plus 100 mumol l-1 EIPA), the effects of changing luminal K+ concentration on pHi were examined. We found no evidence for the presence of K(+)-H+ exchange or Na(+)-coupled K(+)-H+ exchange in the apical membranes of duct cells. 7. pHi recovery under nominally HCO3(-)-free conditions following acidification with an NH4Cl pulse was abolished by removal of Na+ from the bath and luminal solutions, indicating that no Na(+)-independent systems such as H(+)-ATPases were present. 8. A repeat of the above experiments in the presence of 25 mmol l-1 HCO3- plus 5% CO2 did not reveal any additional H+ transport systems. The removal of luminal Cl-, however, caused a small rise in pHi. This latter effect was blocked by 500 mumol l-1 4,4'-diisothiocyanatodihydrostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (H2-DIDS), suggesting that a Cl(-)-HCO3- exchanger in the apical membrane might contribute in a minor way to pHi regulation. 9. We conclude that the predominant H+ transport systems in the mouse mandibular main excretory duct are Na(+)-H+ exchangers in the apical and the basolateral membranes. The model we postulate to account for electrolyte transport across the main duct in the mouse mandibular gland is quite different from that previously developed for the rat duct but is similar to that developed for the rabbit duct. The difference is in concordance with the known ability of the mandibular gland of the rat, but not the rabbit or the mouse, to secrete a HCO3(-)-rich final saliva.

Bicarbonate transport in sheep parotid secretory cells

1. Intracellular pH (pH1) was measured by microfluorimetry in secretory endpieces isolated from sheep parotid glands and loaded with the pH-sensitive fluoroprobe 2', 7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). 2. Stimulation with 1 microM acetylcholine (ACh) caused a large, transient decrease in pH1 of 0.37 +/- 0.02 pH units followed by a slower recovery. The transient, which was reduced by 60% in the absence of HCO3-, could be attributed mainly to HCO3- efflux. During sustained stimulation, pH1 increased to a value that exceeded the resting value by 0.083 +/- 0.023 pH units after 20 min. 3. The anion channel blocker NPPB (0.1 mM) reduced the transient acidification in response to ACh by 48% and raised pH1 during sustained stimulation. Simultaneous application of NPPB and ACh accelerated the re-alkalinization following the initial acidification, indicating that NPPB inhibits HCO3- efflux. 4. The stilbene derivative H2DIDS (0.5 mM) reduced the transient acidification in response to ACh by 76% but caused a marked decrease in pH1 during sustained stimulation. Simultaneous application of H2DIDS and ACh slowed the re-alkalinization following the initial acidification, indicating that the main effect of H2DIDS was to inhibit HCO3- accumulation. 5. In the absence of HCO3-, the recovery from an acid load was unaffected by ACh stimulation. Acid extrusion, although dependent on Na+, was not inhibited by amiloride (1 mM), clonidine (1 mM) or H2DIDS (0.5 mM) and was therefore provisionally attributed to a Na(+)-H+ exchanger isoform other than NHE1 or NHE2. 6. In the presence of HCO3-, the rate of recovery from an acid load was reduced during ACh stimulation, probably as a result of the increased efflux of HCO3-. Acid extrusion was dependent on Na+ and was significantly inhibited by H2DIDS. 7. We conclude that ACh-evoked HCO3- secretion in the sheep parotid gland differs from that in many other salivary glands by being driven predominantly by basolateral Na(+)-HCO3- cotransport rather than by Na(+)-H+ exchange.

HCO3(-)-dependent ACh-activated Na+ influx in sheep parotid secretory endpieces

In the present study we used the Na)+)-sensitive fluorescent dye SBFI and optical measurement of endpiece volume to investigate the transport of Na+ in sheep parotid secretory cells. Sheep parotid endpiece cells bathed in a HCO3(-)-free Cl(-)-rich solution had a resting intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i) of 17 +/- 2 mmol/l (n = 39). Exposure of the cells to a 2-min pulse of acetylcholine (ACh) (3 x 10(-7) mol/l) in a HCO3(-)-free bathing solution produced no change in [Na+]i or in cell volume. Changing from a Cl(-)-containing HCO(3-)-free bath solution to a Cl- solution containing 25 mmol/l HCO3- caused the endpieces to swell by 8 +/- 2% (n = 11) and the [Na+]i to increase by 10 +/- 2 mmol/l (n = 14). Subsequent exposure of the cells to ACh led to shrinkage of the cells by 12 +/- 2% from the volume in the HCO3(-)-containing solution prior to ACh exposure, with the maximum decrease occurring after 29 +/- 7 s (n = 9). This shrinkage was accompanied by a rapid and transient increase in [Na+]i, the [Na+]i reaching a peak at 70 +/- 5 mmol/l above the unstimulated level (n = 9). Substitution of gluconate for Cl- did not significantly alter the effects of HCO3- on unstimulated [Na+]i or endpiece volume, nor did it significantly inhibit the effects of ACh on these two parameters when HCO3- was present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The Na+/H+ exchanger: an update on structure, regulation and cardiac physiology

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