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Sánchez-Ruiz MI, Santillana E, Linde D, Romero A, Martínez AT, Ruiz-Dueñas FJ. Structure-function characterization of two enzymes from novel subfamilies of manganese peroxidases secreted by the lignocellulose-degrading Agaricales fungi Agrocybe pediades and Cyathus striatus. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:74. [PMID: 38824538 PMCID: PMC11144326 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese peroxidases (MnPs) are, together with lignin peroxidases and versatile peroxidases, key elements of the enzymatic machineries secreted by white-rot fungi to degrade lignin, thus providing access to cellulose and hemicellulose in plant cell walls. A recent genomic analysis of 52 Agaricomycetes species revealed the existence of novel MnP subfamilies differing in the amino-acid residues that constitute the manganese oxidation site. Following this in silico analysis, a comprehensive structure-function study is needed to understand how these enzymes work and contribute to transform the lignin macromolecule. RESULTS Two MnPs belonging to the subfamilies recently classified as MnP-DGD and MnP-ESD-referred to as Ape-MnP1 and Cst-MnP1, respectively-were identified as the primary peroxidases secreted by the Agaricales species Agrocybe pediades and Cyathus striatus when growing on lignocellulosic substrates. Following heterologous expression and in vitro activation, their biochemical characterization confirmed that these enzymes are active MnPs. However, crystal structure and mutagenesis studies revealed manganese coordination spheres different from those expected after their initial classification. Specifically, a glutamine residue (Gln333) in the C-terminal tail of Ape-MnP1 was found to be involved in manganese binding, along with Asp35 and Asp177, while Cst-MnP1 counts only two amino acids (Glu36 and Asp176), instead of three, to function as a MnP. These findings led to the renaming of these subfamilies as MnP-DDQ and MnP-ED and to re-evaluate their evolutionary origin. Both enzymes were also able to directly oxidize lignin-derived phenolic compounds, as seen for other short MnPs. Importantly, size-exclusion chromatography analyses showed that both enzymes cause changes in polymeric lignin in the presence of manganese, suggesting their relevance in lignocellulose transformation. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the mechanisms used by basidiomycetes to degrade lignin is of particular relevance to comprehend carbon cycle in nature and to design biotechnological tools for the industrial use of plant biomass. Here, we provide the first structure-function characterization of two novel MnP subfamilies present in Agaricales mushrooms, elucidating the main residues involved in catalysis and demonstrating their ability to modify the lignin macromolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Sánchez-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Santillana
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Linde
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Romero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel T Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Kapich AN, Suzuki H, Hirth KC, Fernández-Fueyo E, Martínez AT, Houtman CJ, Hammel KE. The white rot basidiomycete Gelatoporia subvermispora produces fatty aldehydes that enable fungal manganese peroxidases to degrade recalcitrant lignin structures. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0204423. [PMID: 38483171 PMCID: PMC11022559 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02044-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of some white rot basidiomycetes to remove lignin selectively from wood indicates that low molecular weight oxidants have a role in ligninolysis. These oxidants are likely free radicals generated by fungal peroxidases from compounds in the biodegrading wood. Past work supports a role for manganese peroxidases (MnPs) in the production of ligninolytic oxidants from fungal membrane lipids. However, the fatty acid alkylperoxyl radicals initially formed during this process are not reactive enough to attack the major structures in lignin. Here, we evaluate the hypothesis that the peroxidation of fatty aldehydes might provide a source of more reactive acylperoxyl radicals. We found that Gelatoporia subvermispora produced trans-2-nonenal, trans-2-octenal, and n-hexanal (a likely metabolite of trans-2,4-decadienal) during the incipient decay of aspen wood. Fungal fatty aldehydes supported the in vitro oxidation by MnPs of a nonphenolic lignin model dimer, and also of the monomeric model veratryl alcohol. Experiments with the latter compound showed that the reactions were partially inhibited by oxalate, the chelator that white rot fungi employ to detach Mn3+ from the MnP active site, but nevertheless proceeded at its physiological concentration of 1 mM. The addition of catalase was inhibitory, which suggests that the standard MnP catalytic cycle is involved in the oxidation of aldehydes. MnP oxidized trans-2-nonenal quantitatively to trans-2-nonenoic acid with the consumption of one O2 equivalent. The data suggest that when Mn3+ remains associated with MnP, it can oxidize aldehydes to their acyl radicals, and the latter subsequently add O2 to become ligninolytic acylperoxyl radicals.IMPORTANCEThe biodegradation of lignin by white rot fungi is essential for the natural recycling of plant biomass and has useful applications in lignocellulose bioprocessing. Although fungal peroxidases have a key role in ligninolysis, past work indicates that biodegradation is initiated by smaller, as yet unidentified oxidants that can infiltrate the substrate. Here, we present evidence that the peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of naturally occurring fungal aldehydes may provide a source of ligninolytic free radical oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hideki Suzuki
- US Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Elena Fernández-Fueyo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel T. Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Kenneth E. Hammel
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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3
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Abraham N, Chan ETS, Zhou T, Seah SYK. Microbial detoxification of mycotoxins in food. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:957148. [PMID: 36504774 PMCID: PMC9726736 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.957148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain genera of fungi including but not limited to Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. Their persistence in agricultural commodities poses a significant food safety issue owing to their carcinogenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressive effects. Due to their inherent stability, mycotoxin levels in contaminated food often exceed the prescribed regulatory thresholds posing a risk to both humans and livestock. Although physical and chemical methods have been applied to remove mycotoxins, these approaches may reduce the nutrient quality and organoleptic properties of food. Microbial transformation of mycotoxins is a promising alternative for mycotoxin detoxification as it is more specific and environmentally friendly compared to physical/chemical methods. Here we review the biological detoxification of the major mycotoxins with a focus on microbial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Abraham
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada,Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Edicon Tze Shun Chan
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Y. K. Seah
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Stephen Y. K. Seah,
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Synergistic Degradation of Maize Straw Lignin by Manganese Peroxidase from Irpex lacteus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:3855-3871. [PMID: 36251112 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose in maize straw includes cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and the degradation of lignocellulose is a complex process in which multiple enzymes are jointly involved. In exploring the co-degradation of a certain substrate by multiple enzymes, different enzymes are combined freely for the achievement of the effective synergism. Additionally, some organic acids and small molecule aromatic compounds can also increase the enzymatic activity of lignin enzymes and improve the degradation rate of lignin. In this study, manganese peroxidase (MnP) from Irpex lacteus (I. lacteus) was heterologously expressed in food-grade Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe). The multiple enzymes co-fermentation conditions were initially screened by orthogonal tests: 0.5% CaCl2, 1% 10,000 U/g Laccase (Lac), 0.3% MnSO4, and 0.4% glucose oxidase (GOD). It was showed that the lignin degradation rate could reach 65.85% after 3 days of synergistic degradation with the addition of 0.02% Tween-80, 0.5 mM oxalic acid. This indicates that oxalic acid has a promoting effect on the activity of MnP, and the promoting effect is more significant when Tween-80 is complexed with oxalic acid.
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Kamei I, Tomitaka N, Taichi, Motoda, Yamasaki Y. Selective Homologous Expression of Recombinant Manganese Peroxidase Isozyme of Salt-Tolerant White-Rot Fungus Phlebia sp. MG-60, and Its Salt-Tolerance and Thermostability. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:248-255. [PMID: 34949746 PMCID: PMC9628849 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2108.08042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phlebia sp. MG-60 is the salt-tolerant, white-rot fungus which was isolated from a mangrove forest. This fungus expresses three kinds of manganese peroxidase (MGMnP) isozymes, MGMnP1, MGMnP2 and MGMnP3 in low nitrogen medium (LNM) or LNM containing NaCl. To date, there have been no reports on the biochemical salt-tolerance of these MnP isozymes due to the difficulty of purification. In present study, we established forced expression transformants of these three types of MnP isozymes. In addition, the fact that this fungus hardly produces native MnP in a high-nitrogen medium (HNM) was used to perform isozyme-selective expression and simple purification in HNM. The resulting MGMnPs showed high tolerance for NaCl compared with the MnP of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. It was worth noting that high concentration of NaCl (over 200 mM to 1200 mM) can enhance the activity of MGMnP1. Additionally, MGMnP1 showed relatively high thermo tolerance compared with other isozymes. MGMnPs may have evolved to adapt to chloride-rich environments, mangrove forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kamei
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1, Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan,Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, 1-1, Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan,Corresponding author Phone: +81-985-58-7181 Fax: +81-985-58-7181 E-mail:
| | - Nana Tomitaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1, Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Taichi
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1, Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Motoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, 1-1, Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yumi Yamasaki
- Faculty of Regional Innovation, University of Miyazaki, 1-1, Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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6
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Cajnko MM, Oblak J, Grilc M, Likozar B. Enzymatic bioconversion process of lignin: mechanisms, reactions and kinetics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125655. [PMID: 34388661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a wasted renewable source of biomass-derived value-added chemicals. However, due to its material resistance to degradation, it remains highly underutilized. In order to develop new, catalysed and more environment friendly reaction processes for lignin valorization, science has turned a selective concentrated attention to microbial enzymes. This present work looks at the enzymes involved with the main reference focus on the different elementary mechanisms of action/conversion rate kinetics. Pathways, like with laccases/peroxidases, employ radicals, which more readily result in polymerization than de-polymerization. The β-etherase system interaction of proteins targets β-O-4 ether covalent bond, which targets lower molecular weight product species. Enzymatic activity is influenced by a wide variety of different factors which need to be considered in order to obtain the best functionality and synthesis yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miša Mojca Cajnko
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, NIC, Hajdrihova, 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jošt Oblak
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, NIC, Hajdrihova, 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Grilc
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, NIC, Hajdrihova, 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaž Likozar
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, NIC, Hajdrihova, 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Li H, Santos F, Butler K, Herndon E. A Critical Review on the Multiple Roles of Manganese in Stabilizing and Destabilizing Soil Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:12136-12152. [PMID: 34469151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is a biologically important and redox-active metal that may exert a poorly recognized control on carbon (C) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Manganese influences ecosystem C dynamics by mediating biochemical pathways that include photosynthesis, serving as a reactive intermediate in the breakdown of organic molecules, and binding and/or oxidizing organic molecules through organo-mineral associations. However, the potential for Mn to influence ecosystem C storage remains unresolved. Although substantial research has demonstrated the ability of Fe- and Al-oxides to stabilize organic matter, there is a scarcity of similar information regarding Mn-oxides. Furthermore, Mn-mediated reactions regulate important litter decomposition pathways, but these processes are poorly constrained across diverse ecosystems. Here, we discuss the ecological roles of Mn in terrestrial environments and synthesize existing knowledge on the multiple pathways by which biogeochemical Mn and C cycling intersect. We demonstrate that Mn has a high potential to degrade organic molecules through abiotic and microbially mediated oxidation and to stabilize organic molecules, at least temporarily, through organo-mineral associations. We outline research priorities needed to advance understanding of Mn-C interactions, highlighting knowledge gaps that may address key uncertainties in soil C predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Fernanda Santos
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Kristen Butler
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Elizabeth Herndon
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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8
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A Multiomic Approach to Understand How Pleurotus eryngii Transforms Non-Woody Lignocellulosic Material. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7060426. [PMID: 34071235 PMCID: PMC8227661 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleurotus eryngii is a grassland-inhabiting fungus of biotechnological interest due to its ability to colonize non-woody lignocellulosic material. Genomic, transcriptomic, exoproteomic, and metabolomic analyses were combined to explain the enzymatic aspects underlaying wheat–straw transformation. Up-regulated and constitutive glycoside–hydrolases, polysaccharide–lyases, and carbohydrate–esterases active on polysaccharides, laccases active on lignin, and a surprisingly high amount of constitutive/inducible aryl–alcohol oxidases (AAOs) constituted the suite of extracellular enzymes at early fungal growth. Higher enzyme diversity and abundance characterized the longer-term growth, with an array of oxidoreductases involved in depolymerization of both cellulose and lignin, which were often up-regulated since initial growth. These oxidative enzymes included lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) acting on crystalline polysaccharides, cellobiose dehydrogenase involved in LPMO activation, and ligninolytic peroxidases (mainly manganese-oxidizing peroxidases), together with highly abundant H2O2-producing AAOs. Interestingly, some of the most relevant enzymes acting on polysaccharides were appended to a cellulose-binding module. This is potentially related to the non-woody habitat of P. eryngii (in contrast to the wood habitat of many basidiomycetes). Additionally, insights into the intracellular catabolism of aromatic compounds, which is a neglected area of study in lignin degradation by basidiomycetes, were also provided. The multiomic approach reveals that although non-woody decay does not result in dramatic modifications, as revealed by detailed 2D-NMR and other analyses, it implies activation of the complete set of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes characterizing lignocellulose-decaying basidiomycetes.
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9
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Kumar A, Chandra R. Ligninolytic enzymes and its mechanisms for degradation of lignocellulosic waste in environment. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03170. [PMID: 32095645 PMCID: PMC7033530 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligninolytic enzymes play a key role in degradation and detoxification of lignocellulosic waste in environment. The major ligninolytic enzymes are laccase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and versatile peroxidase. The activities of these enzymes are enhanced by various mediators as well as some other enzymes (feruloyl esterase, aryl-alcohol oxidase, quinone reductases, lipases, catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase) to facilitate the process for degradation and detoxification of lignocellulosic waste in environment. The structurally laccase is isoenzymes with monomeric or dimeric and glycosylation levels (10–45%). This contains four copper ions of three different types. The enzyme catalyzes the overall reaction: 4 benzenediol + O2 to 4 benzosemiquinone + 2H2O. While, lignin peroxidase is a glycoprotein molecular mass of 38–46 kDa containing one mole of iron protoporphyrin IX per one mol of protein, catalyzes the H2O2 dependent oxidative depolymerization of lignin. The manganese peroxidase is a glycosylated heme protein with molecular mass of 40–50kDa. It depolymerizes the lignin molecule in the presence of manganese ion. The versatile peroxidase has broad range substrate sharing typical features of the manganese and lignin peroxidase families. Although ligninolytic enzymes have broad range of industrial application specially the degradation and detoxification of lignocellulosic waste discharged from various industrial activities, its large scale application is still limited due to lack of limited production. Further, the extremophilic properties of ligninolytic enzymes indicated their broad prospects in varied environmental conditions. Therefore it needs more extensive research for understanding its structure and mechanisms for broad range commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (A Central) University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226025, India
| | - Ram Chandra
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (A Central) University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226025, India
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10
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Zhu L, Xu A, Zhang H, Lu Y, Liu S, Chen X, Chen H. Lignin Reactions and Structural Alternations under Typical Biomass Pretreatment Methods. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190806100747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of biomass in the production of renewable bioenergy and biomaterials has been a popular topic since the past decades as they are rich in carbohydrates. Most biomasses, such as wood, monocotyledons, and agriculture residues, need to be pretreated before the conversion of carbohydrates in order to break down the recalcitrant cell wall structure and increase the fiber accessibility. To date, a variety of pretreatment methods have been developed that vary from physical to chemical and biological methods. Pretreatment processes affect the cell wall physical structure as well as the chemical structure of the cell wall constituents. Comparing to the studies of the cellulose and hemicelluloses structural changes during pretreatment, such studies on lignin are relatively limited. On the other hand, in order to utilize the part of lignin from biorefinery processes, the understanding of the lignin structural changes during the refining process becomes important. In this study, typical pretreatment methods such as hydrothermal pretreatment, alkaline pretreatment, biodegradation, and oxidative pretreatment are introduced and their corresponding impacts on the lignin structures are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjiang Zhu
- Fermentation Technology Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Anjie Xu
- Fermentation Technology Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Fermentation Technology Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yuele Lu
- Fermentation Technology Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, SUNY-College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210, United States
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Fermentation Technology Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Hanchi Chen
- Fermentation Technology Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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11
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Chan JC, Paice M, Zhang X. Enzymatic Oxidation of Lignin: Challenges and Barriers Toward Practical Applications. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jou C. Chan
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Washington State University 2710 Crimson Way Richland WA-99354 USA
| | - Michael Paice
- FPInnovations Pulp Paper & Bioproducts 2665 East Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Washington State University 2710 Crimson Way Richland WA-99354 USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 520 Battelle Boulevard P.O. Box 999, MSIN P8-60 Richland WA-99352 USA
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12
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Wang X, Yao B, Su X. Linking Enzymatic Oxidative Degradation of Lignin to Organics Detoxification. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113373. [PMID: 30373305 PMCID: PMC6274955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The major enzymes involved in lignin degradation are laccase, class II peroxidases (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and versatile peroxidase) and dye peroxidase, which use an oxidative or peroxidative mechanism to deconstruct the complex and recalcitrant lignin. Laccase and manganese peroxidase directly oxidize phenolic lignin components, while lignin peroxidase and versatile peroxidase can act on the more recalcitrant non-phenolic lignin compounds. Mediators or co-oxidants not only increase the catalytic ability of these enzymes, but also largely expand their substrate scope to those with higher redox potential or more complicated structures. Neither laccase nor the peroxidases are stringently selective of substrates. The promiscuous nature in substrate preference can be employed in detoxification of a range of organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Zhang R, Li C, Wang J, Yan Y. Microbial Ligninolysis: Toward a Bottom-Up Approach for Lignin Upgrading. Biochemistry 2018; 58:1501-1510. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Zhang
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Chenyi Li
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Yajun Yan
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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14
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van Erven G, Nayan N, Sonnenberg ASM, Hendriks WH, Cone JW, Kabel MA. Mechanistic insight in the selective delignification of wheat straw by three white-rot fungal species through quantitative 13C-IS py-GC-MS and whole cell wall HSQC NMR. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:262. [PMID: 30263063 PMCID: PMC6156916 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The white-rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora (Cs), Pleurotus eryngii (Pe), and Lentinula edodes (Le) have been shown to be high-potential species for selective delignification of plant biomass. This delignification improves polysaccharide degradability, which currently limits the efficient lignocellulose conversion into biochemicals, biofuels, and animal feed. Since selectivity and time efficiency of fungal delignification still need optimization, detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms at molecular level is required. The recently developed methodologies for lignin quantification and characterization now allow for the in-depth mapping of fungal modification and degradation of lignin and, thereby, enable resolving underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Wheat straw treated by two strains of Cs (Cs1 and Cs12), Pe (Pe3 and Pe6) and Le (Le8 and Le10) was characterized using semi-quantitative py-GC-MS during fungal growth (1, 3, and 7 weeks). The remaining lignin after 7 weeks was quantified and characterized using 13C lignin internal standard based py-GC-MS and whole cell wall HSQC NMR. Strains of the same species showed similar patterns of lignin removal and degradation. Cs and Le outperformed Pe in terms of extent and selectivity of delignification (Cs ≥ Le >> Pe). The highest lignin removal [66% (w/w); Cs1] was obtained after 7 weeks, without extensive carbohydrate degradation (factor 3 increased carbohydrate-to-lignin ratio). Furthermore, though after treatment with Cs and Le comparable amounts of lignin remained, the structure of the residual lignin vastly differed. For example, Cα-oxidized substructures accumulated in Cs treated lignin up to 24% of the total aromatic lignin, a factor two higher than in Le-treated lignin. Contrarily, ferulic acid substructures were preferentially targeted by Le (and Pe). Interestingly, Pe-spent lignin was specifically depleted of tricin (40% reduction). The overall subunit composition (H:G:S) was not affected by fungal treatment. CONCLUSIONS Cs and Le are both able to effectively and selectively delignify wheat straw, though the underlying mechanisms are fundamentally different. We are the first to identify that Cs degrades the major β-O-4 ether linkage in grass lignin mainly via Cβ-O-aryl cleavage, while Cα-Cβ cleavage of inter-unit linkages predominated for Le. Our research provides a new insight on how fungi degrade lignin, which contributes to further optimizing the biological upgrading of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs van Erven
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nazri Nayan
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton S. M. Sonnenberg
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter H. Hendriks
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John W. Cone
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A. Kabel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Abstract
The global push toward an efficient and economical biobased economy has driven research to develop more cost-effective applications for the entirety of plant biomass, including lignocellulosic crops. As discussed elsewhere (Karlsson M, Atanasova L, Funck Jensen D, Zeilinger S, in Heitman J et al. [ed], Tuberculosis and the Tubercle Bacillus, 2nd ed, in press), significant progress has been made in the use of polysaccharide fractions from lignocellulose, cellulose, and various hemicellulose types. However, developing processes for use of the lignin fraction has been more challenging. In this chapter, we discuss characteristics of lignolytic enzymes and the fungi that produce them as well as potential and current uses of lignin-derived products.
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16
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Nayan N, Sonnenberg ASM, Hendriks WH, Cone JW. Differences between two strains of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora on improving the nutritive value of wheat straw for ruminants. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:352-361. [PMID: 28517113 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated differences between two strains of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora on improving the nutritive value and in vitro degradability of wheat straw. METHODS AND RESULTS Wheat straw was treated with the fungi for 7 weeks. Weekly samples were analysed for ergosterol content, in vitro gas production (IVGP), chemical composition and lignin-degrading enzyme activity. Ergosterol data showed CS1 to have a faster initial growth than CS2 and reaching a stationary phase after 3 weeks. The IVGP of CS1-treated wheat straw exceeded the control earlier than CS2 (4 vs 5 weeks). CS1 showed a significantly higher (P < 0·001) selectivity in lignin degradation compared to CS2. Both strains showed peak activity of laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP) at week 1. CS1 showed a significantly higher (P < 0·001) laccase activity, but lower (P = 0·008) MnP activity compared to CS2. CONCLUSION Both CS strains improved the nutritive value of wheat straw. Variation between strains was clearly demonstrated by their growth pattern and enzyme activities. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The differences among the two strains provide an opportunity for future selection and breeding programs in improving the extent and selectivity of lignin degradation in agricultural biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nayan
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A S M Sonnenberg
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - W H Hendriks
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J W Cone
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Cong B, Wang N, Liu S, Liu F, Yin X, Shen J. Isolation, characterization and transcriptome analysis of a novel Antarctic Aspergillus sydowii strain MS-19 as a potential lignocellulosic enzyme source. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:129. [PMID: 28558650 PMCID: PMC5450402 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the growing demand for fossil fuels and the severe energy crisis, lignocellulose is widely regarded as a promising cost-effective renewable resource for ethanol production, and the use of lignocellulose residues as raw material is remarkable. Polar organisms have important value in scientific research and development for their novelty, uniqueness and diversity. Results In this study, a fungus Aspergillus sydowii MS-19, with the potential for lignocellulose degradation was screened out and isolated from an Antarctic region. The growth profile of Aspergillus sydowii MS-19 was measured, revealing that Aspergillus sydowii MS-19 could utilize lignin as a sole carbon source. Its ability to synthesize low-temperature lignin peroxidase (Lip) and manganese peroxidase (Mnp) enzymes was verified, and the properties of these enzymes were also investigated. High-throughput sequencing was employed to identify and characterize the transcriptome of Aspergillus sydowii MS-19. Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZyme)-annotated genes in Aspergillus sydowii MS-19 were compared with those in the brown-rot fungus representative species, Postia placenta and Penicillium decumbens. There were 701CAZymes annotated in Aspergillus sydowii MS-19, including 17 cellulases and 19 feruloyl esterases related to lignocellulose-degradation. Remarkably, one sequence annotated as laccase was obtained, which can degrade lignin. Three peroxidase sequences sharing a similar structure with typical lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase were also found and annotated as haem-binding peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase-peroxidase. Conclusions In this study, the fungus Aspergillus sydowii MS-19 was isolated and shown to synthesize low-temperature lignin-degrading enzymes: lignin peroxidase (Lip) and manganese peroxidase (Mnp). These findings provide useful information to improve our understanding of low-temperature lignocellulosic enzyme production by polar microorganisms and to facilitate research and applications of the novel Antarctic Aspergillus sydowii strain MS-19 as a potential lignocellulosic enzyme source. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-017-1028-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailin Cong
- The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nengfei Wang
- The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghao Liu
- The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Yin
- The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihong Shen
- The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, People's Republic of China
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18
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Vasina DV, Moiseenko KV, Fedorova TV, Tyazhelova TV. Lignin-degrading peroxidases in white-rot fungus Trametes hirsuta 072. Absolute expression quantification of full multigene family. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173813. [PMID: 28301519 PMCID: PMC5354401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligninolytic heme peroxidases comprise an extensive family of enzymes, which production is characteristic for white-rot Basidiomycota. The majority of fungal heme peroxidases are encoded by multigene families that differentially express closely related proteins. Currently, there were very few attempts to characterize the complete multigene family of heme peroxidases in a single fungus. Here we are focusing on identification and characterization of peroxidase genes, which are transcribed and secreted by basidiomycete Trametes hirsuta 072, an efficient lignin degrader. The T. hirsuta genome contains 18 ligninolytic peroxidase genes encoding 9 putative lignin peroxidases (LiP), 7 putative short manganese peroxidases (MnP) and 2 putative versatile peroxidases (VP). Using ddPCR method we have quantified the absolute expression of the 18 peroxidase genes under different culture conditions and on different growth stages of basidiomycete. It was shown that only two genes (one MnP and one VP) were prevalently expressed as well as secreted into cultural broth under all conditions investigated. However their transcriptome and protein profiles differed in time depending on the effector used. The expression of other peroxidase genes revealed a significant variability, so one can propose the specific roles of these enzymes in fungal development and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V. Vasina
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin V. Moiseenko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Tatiana V. Fedorova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Tyazhelova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow, Russia
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19
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Abdel-Hamid AM, Solbiati JO, Cann IKO. Insights into lignin degradation and its potential industrial applications. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2016; 82:1-28. [PMID: 23415151 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407679-2.00001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose is an abundant biomass that provides an alternative source for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals. The depolymerization of the carbohydrate polymers in lignocellulosic biomass is hindered by lignin, which is recalcitrant to chemical and biological degradation due to its complex chemical structure and linkage heterogeneity. The role of fungi in delignification due to the production of extracellular oxidative enzymes has been studied more extensively than that of bacteria. The two major groups of enzymes that are involved in lignin degradation are heme peroxidases and laccases. Lignin-degrading peroxidases include lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), versatile peroxidase (VP), and dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP). LiP, MnP, and VP are class II extracellular fungal peroxidases that belong to the plant and microbial peroxidases superfamily. LiPs are strong oxidants with high-redox potential that oxidize the major non-phenolic structures of lignin. MnP is an Mn-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of various phenolic substrates but is not capable of oxidizing the more recalcitrant non-phenolic lignin. VP enzymes combine the catalytic activities of both MnP and LiP and are able to oxidize Mn(2+) like MnP, and non-phenolic compounds like LiP. DyPs occur in both fungi and bacteria and are members of a new superfamily of heme peroxidases called DyPs. DyP enzymes oxidize high-redox potential anthraquinone dyes and were recently reported to oxidize lignin model compounds. The second major group of lignin-degrading enzymes, laccases, are found in plants, fungi, and bacteria and belong to the multicopper oxidase superfamily. They catalyze a one-electron oxidation with the concomitant four-electron reduction of molecular oxygen to water. Fungal laccases can oxidize phenolic lignin model compounds and have higher redox potential than bacterial laccases. In the presence of redox mediators, fungal laccases can oxidize non-phenolic lignin model compounds. In addition to the peroxidases and laccases, fungi produce other accessory oxidases such as aryl-alcohol oxidase and the glyoxal oxidase that generate the hydrogen peroxide required by the peroxidases. Lignin-degrading enzymes have attracted the attention for their valuable biotechnological applications especially in the pretreatment of recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production. The use of lignin-degrading enzymes has been studied in various applications such as paper industry, textile industry, wastewater treatment and the degradation of herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abdel-Hamid
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois, IL, USA; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, IL, USA
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20
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Carro J, Serrano A, Ferreira P, Martínez AT. Fungal Aryl-Alcohol Oxidase in Lignocellulose Degradation and Bioconversion. BIOFUEL AND BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43679-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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21
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Fernández-Fueyo E, Ruiz-Dueñas FJ, López-Lucendo MF, Pérez-Boada M, Rencoret J, Gutiérrez A, Pisabarro AG, Ramírez L, Martínez AT. A secretomic view of woody and nonwoody lignocellulose degradation by Pleurotus ostreatus. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:49. [PMID: 26933449 PMCID: PMC4772462 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleurotus ostreatus is the second edible mushroom worldwide, and a model fungus for delignification applications, with the advantage of growing on woody and nonwoody feedstocks. Its sequenced genome is available, and this gave us the opportunity to perform proteomic studies to identify the enzymes overproduced in lignocellulose cultures. RESULTS Monokaryotic P. ostreatus (PC9) was grown with poplar wood or wheat straw as the sole C/N source and the extracellular proteins were analyzed, together with those from glucose medium. Using nano-liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry of whole-protein hydrolyzate, over five-hundred proteins were identified. Thirty-four percent were unique of the straw cultures, while only 15 and 6 % were unique of the glucose and poplar cultures, respectively (20 % were produced under the three conditions, and additional 19 % were shared by the two lignocellulose cultures). Semi-quantitative analysis showed oxidoreductases as the main protein type both in the poplar (39 % total abundance) and straw (31 %) secretomes, while carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZys) were only slightly overproduced (14-16 %). Laccase 10 (LACC10) was the main protein in the two lignocellulose secretomes (10-14 %) and, together with LACC2, LACC9, LACC6, versatile peroxidase 1 (VP1), and manganese peroxidase 3 (MnP3), were strongly overproduced in the lignocellulose cultures. Seven CAZys were also among the top-50 proteins, but only CE16 acetylesterase was overproduced on lignocellulose. When the woody and nonwoody secretomes were compared, GH1 and GH3 β-glycosidases were more abundant on poplar and straw, respectively and, among less abundant proteins, VP2 was overproduced on straw, while VP3 was only found on poplar. The treated lignocellulosic substrates were analyzed by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR), and a decrease of lignin relative to carbohydrate signals was observed, together with the disappearance of some minor lignin substructures, and an increase of sugar reducing ends. CONCLUSIONS Oxidoreductases are strongly induced when P. ostreatus grows on woody and nonwoody lignocellulosic substrates. One laccase occupied the first position in both secretomes, and three more were overproduced together with one VP and one MnP, suggesting an important role in lignocellulose degradation. Preferential removal of lignin vs carbohydrates was shown by 2D NMR, in agreement with the above secretomic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fernández-Fueyo
- />Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marta Pérez-Boada
- />Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Rencoret
- />Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, PO Box 1052, 41080 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- />Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, PO Box 1052, 41080 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio G. Pisabarro
- />Department of Agrarian Production, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lucía Ramírez
- />Department of Agrarian Production, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Angel T. Martínez
- />Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Chen W, Zheng L, Jia R, Wang N. Cloning and expression of a new manganese peroxidase from Irpex lacteus F17 and its application in decolorization of reactive black 5. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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23
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Regulation of Gene Expression during the Onset of Ligninolytic Oxidation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium on Spruce Wood. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:7802-12. [PMID: 26341198 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02064-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since uncertainty remains about how white rot fungi oxidize and degrade lignin in wood, it would be useful to monitor changes in fungal gene expression during the onset of ligninolysis on a natural substrate. We grew Phanerochaete chrysosporium on solid spruce wood and included oxidant-sensing beads bearing the fluorometric dye BODIPY 581/591 in the cultures. Confocal fluorescence microscopy of the beads showed that extracellular oxidation commenced 2 to 3 days after inoculation, coincident with cessation of fungal growth. Whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses based on the v.2.2 P. chrysosporium genome identified 356 genes whose transcripts accumulated to relatively high levels at 96 h and were at least four times the levels found at 40 h. Transcripts encoding some lignin peroxidases, manganese peroxidases, and auxiliary enzymes thought to support their activity showed marked apparent upregulation. The data were also consistent with the production of ligninolytic extracellular reactive oxygen species by the action of manganese peroxidase-catalyzed lipid peroxidation, cellobiose dehydrogenase-catalyzed Fe(3+) reduction, and oxidase-catalyzed H2O2 production, but the data do not support a role for iron-chelating glycopeptides. In addition, transcripts encoding a variety of proteins with possible roles in lignin fragment uptake and processing, including 27 likely transporters and 18 cytochrome P450s, became more abundant after the onset of extracellular oxidation. Genes encoding cellulases showed little apparent upregulation and thus may be expressed constitutively. Transcripts corresponding to 165 genes of unknown function accumulated more than 4-fold after oxidation commenced, and some of them may merit investigation as possible contributors to ligninolysis.
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24
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Fernández-Fueyo E, Linde D, Almendral D, López-Lucendo MF, Ruiz-Dueñas FJ, Martínez AT. Description of the first fungal dye-decolorizing peroxidase oxidizing manganese(II). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:8927-42. [PMID: 25967658 PMCID: PMC4619462 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two phylogenetically divergent genes of the new family of dye-decolorizing peroxidases (DyPs) were found during comparison of the four DyP genes identified in the Pleurotus ostreatus genome with over 200 DyP genes from other basidiomycete genomes. The heterologously expressed enzymes (Pleos-DyP1 and Pleos-DyP4, following the genome nomenclature) efficiently oxidize anthraquinoid dyes (such as Reactive Blue 19), which are characteristic DyP substrates, as well as low redox-potential dyes (such as 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) and substituted phenols. However, only Pleos-DyP4 oxidizes the high redox-potential dye Reactive Black 5, at the same time that it displays high thermal and pH stability. Unexpectedly, both enzymes also oxidize Mn2+ to Mn3+, albeit with very different catalytic efficiencies. Pleos-DyP4 presents a Mn2+ turnover (56 s−1) nearly in the same order of the two other Mn2+-oxidizing peroxidase families identified in the P. ostreatus genome: manganese peroxidases (100 s−1 average turnover) and versatile peroxidases (145 s−1 average turnover), whose genes were also heterologously expressed. Oxidation of Mn2+ has been reported for an Amycolatopsis DyP (24 s−1) and claimed for other bacterial DyPs, albeit with lower activities, but this is the first time that Mn2+ oxidation is reported for a fungal DyP. Interestingly, Pleos-DyP4 (together with ligninolytic peroxidases) is detected in the secretome of P. ostreatus grown on different lignocellulosic substrates. It is suggested that generation of Mn3+ oxidizers plays a role in the P. ostreatus white-rot lifestyle since three different families of Mn2+-oxidizing peroxidase genes are present in its genome being expressed during lignocellulose degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fernández-Fueyo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Linde
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Almendral
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María F López-Lucendo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Angel T Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Mäkelä MR, Marinović M, Nousiainen P, Liwanag AJM, Benoit I, Sipilä J, Hatakka A, de Vries RP, Hildén KS. Aromatic metabolism of filamentous fungi in relation to the presence of aromatic compounds in plant biomass. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2015; 91:63-137. [PMID: 25911233 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The biological conversion of plant lignocellulose plays an essential role not only in carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems but also is an important part of the production of second generation biofuels and biochemicals. The presence of the recalcitrant aromatic polymer lignin is one of the major obstacles in the biofuel/biochemical production process and therefore microbial degradation of lignin is receiving a great deal of attention. Fungi are the main degraders of plant biomass, and in particular the basidiomycete white rot fungi are of major importance in converting plant aromatics due to their ability to degrade lignin. However, the aromatic monomers that are released from lignin and other aromatic compounds of plant biomass are toxic for most fungi already at low levels, and therefore conversion of these compounds to less toxic metabolites is essential for fungi. Although the release of aromatic compounds from plant biomass by fungi has been studied extensively, relatively little attention has been given to the metabolic pathways that convert the resulting aromatic monomers. In this review we provide an overview of the aromatic components of plant biomass, and their release and conversion by fungi. Finally, we will summarize the applications of fungal systems related to plant aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miia R Mäkelä
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mila Marinović
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Nousiainen
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - April J M Liwanag
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Benoit
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jussi Sipilä
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annele Hatakka
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristiina S Hildén
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Linde D, Ruiz-Dueñas FJ, Fernández-Fueyo E, Guallar V, Hammel KE, Pogni R, Martínez AT. Basidiomycete DyPs: Genomic diversity, structural-functional aspects, reaction mechanism and environmental significance. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 574:66-74. [PMID: 25637654 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The first enzyme with dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP) activity was described in 1999 from an arthroconidial culture of the fungus Bjerkandera adusta. However, the first DyP sequence had been deposited three years before, as a peroxidase gene from a culture of an unidentified fungus of the family Polyporaceae (probably Irpex lacteus). Since the first description, fewer than ten basidiomycete DyPs have been purified and characterized, but a large number of sequences are available from genomes. DyPs share a general fold and heme location with chlorite dismutases and other DyP-type related proteins (such as Escherichia coli EfeB), forming the CDE superfamily. Taking into account the lack of an evolutionary relationship with the catalase-peroxidase superfamily, the observed heme pocket similarities must be considered as a convergent type of evolution to provide similar reactivity to the enzyme cofactor. Studies on the Auricularia auricula-judae DyP showed that high-turnover oxidation of anthraquinone type and other DyP substrates occurs via long-range electron transfer from an exposed tryptophan (Trp377, conserved in most basidiomycete DyPs), whose catalytic radical was identified in the H2O2-activated enzyme. The existence of accessory oxidation sites in DyP is suggested by the residual activity observed after site-directed mutagenesis of the above tryptophan. DyP degradation of substituted anthraquinone dyes (such as Reactive Blue 5) most probably proceeds via typical one-electron peroxidase oxidations and product breakdown without a DyP-catalyzed hydrolase reaction. Although various DyPs are able to break down phenolic lignin model dimers, and basidiomycete DyPs also present marginal activity on nonphenolic dimers, a significant contribution to lignin degradation is unlikely because of the low activity on high redox-potential substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Linde
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Elena Fernández-Fueyo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Guallar
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Jordi Girona 29, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kenneth E Hammel
- US Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Rebecca Pogni
- Dept. Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Angel T Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Ligninolytic Enzymes for Water Depollution, Coal Breakdown, and Paper Industry. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11906-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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28
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Microbial enzyme systems for lignin degradation and their transcriptional regulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-014-1336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Copper radical oxidases and related extracellular oxidoreductases of wood-decay Agaricomycetes. Fungal Genet Biol 2014; 72:124-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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A highly diastereoselective oxidant contributes to Ligninolysis by the white rot basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:7536-44. [PMID: 25261514 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02111-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The white rot basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora delignifies wood selectively and has potential biotechnological applications. Its ability to remove lignin before the substrate porosity has increased enough to admit enzymes suggests that small diffusible oxidants contribute to delignification. A key question is whether these unidentified oxidants attack lignin via single-electron transfer (SET), in which case they are expected to cleave its propyl side chains between Cα and Cβ and to oxidize the threo-diastereomer of its predominating β-O-4-linked structures more extensively than the corresponding erythro-diastereomer. We used two-dimensional solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to look for changes in partially biodegraded lignin extracted from spruce wood after white rot caused by C. subvermispora. The results showed that (i) benzoic acid residues indicative of Cα-Cβ cleavage were the major identifiable truncated structures in lignin after decay and (ii) depletion of β-O-4-linked units was markedly diastereoselective with a threo preference. The less selective delignifier Phanerochaete chrysosporium also exhibited this diastereoselectivity on spruce, and a P. chrysosporium lignin peroxidase operating in conjunction with the P. chrysosporium metabolite veratryl alcohol did likewise when cleaving synthetic lignin in vitro. However, C. subvermispora was significantly more diastereoselective than P. chrysosporium or lignin peroxidase-veratryl alcohol. Our results show that the ligninolytic oxidants of C. subvermispora are collectively more diastereoselective than currently known fungal ligninolytic oxidants and suggest that SET oxidation is one of the chemical mechanisms involved.
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31
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Zucca P, Rescigno A, Rinaldi AC, Sanjust E. Biomimetic metalloporphines and metalloporphyrins as potential tools for delignification: Molecular mechanisms and application perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Yehia RS. Aflatoxin detoxification by manganese peroxidase purified from Pleurotus ostreatus. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:127-33. [PMID: 24948923 PMCID: PMC4059287 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014005000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese peroxidase (MnP) was produced from white rot edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus on the culture filtrate. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity using (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The final enzyme activity achieved 81 U mL(-1), specific activity 78 U mg(-1) with purification fold of 130 and recovery 1.2% of the crude enzyme. SDS-PAGE indicated that the pure enzyme have a molecular mass of approximately 42 kDa. The optimum pH was between 4-5 and the optimum temperature was 25 °C. The pure MnP activity was enhanced by Mn(2+), Cu(2+), Ca(2+) and K(+) and inhibited by Hg(+2) and Cd(+2). H2O2 at 5 mM enhanced MnP activity while at 10 mM inhibited it significantly. The MnP-cDNA encoding gene was sequenced and determined (GenBank accession no. AB698450.1). The MnP-cDNA was found to consist of 497 bp in an Open Reading Frame (ORF) encoding 165 amino acids. MnP from P. ostreatus could detoxify aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) depending on enzyme concentration and incubation period. The highest detoxification power (90%) was observed after 48 h incubation at 1.5 U mL(-1) enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Sayed Yehia
- Department of Botany Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt
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33
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Yanto DHY, Tachibana S. Enhanced biodegradation of asphalt in the presence of Tween surfactants, Mn(2+) and H2O2 by Pestalotiopsis sp. in liquid medium and soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 103:105-113. [PMID: 24331036 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Asphalt and fractions thereof can contaminate water and soil environments. Forming as residues in distillation products in crude oil refineries, asphalts consist mostly of asphaltene instead of aliphatics, aromatics, and resins. The high asphaltene content might be responsible for the decrease in bioavailability to microorganisms and therefore reduce the biodegradability of asphalt in the environment. In this study, the effect on asphalt biodegradation by Pestalotiopsis sp. in liquid medium and soil of nonionic Tween surfactants in the presence of Mn2+ and H2O2 was examined. The degradation was enhanced by Tween 40 or Tween 80 (0.1%) in the presence of Mn2+ (1 mM) and H2O2 (0.05 mM). A Tween surfactant, Mn2+, and H2O2 can overcome bioavailability-mediated constraints and increase ligninolytic activities, particularly manganese peroxidase and laccase activities. The study is significant for the bioremediation of asphalt and/or viscous-crude oil-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dede Heri Yuli Yanto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; Research and Development Unit for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia.
| | - Sanro Tachibana
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan.
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34
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Temporal alterations in the secretome of the selective ligninolytic fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora during growth on aspen wood reveal this organism's strategy for degrading lignocellulose. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:2062-70. [PMID: 24441164 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03652-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The white-rot basidiomycetes efficiently degrade all wood cell wall polymers. Generally, these fungi simultaneously degrade cellulose and lignin, but certain organisms, such as Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, selectively remove lignin in advance of cellulose degradation. However, relatively little is known about the mechanism of selective ligninolysis. To address this issue, C. subvermispora was grown in liquid medium containing ball-milled aspen, and nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify and estimate extracellular protein abundance over time. Several manganese peroxidases and an aryl alcohol oxidase, both associated with lignin degradation, were identified after 3 days of incubation. A glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 51 arabinofuranosidase was also identified after 3 days but then successively decreased in later samples. Several enzymes related to cellulose and xylan degradation, such as GH10 endoxylanase, GH5_5 endoglucanase, and GH7 cellobiohydrolase, were detected after 5 days. Peptides corresponding to potential cellulose-degrading enzymes GH12, GH45, lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase, and cellobiose dehydrogenase were most abundant after 7 days. This sequential production of enzymes provides a mechanism consistent with selective ligninolysis by C. subvermispora.
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35
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36
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Biodecolorization of Textile Dyes by Immobilized Enzymes in a Vertical Bioreactor System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2014.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Liang H, Gao DW, Zeng YG. Effects of phosphorus concentration on the growth and enzyme production of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 107:535-538. [PMID: 22248801 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different phosphorus concentrations in culture media on the growth and enzyme production of Phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated at a glucose concentration of 10 g L(-1). The results showed that the optimal KH(2)PO(4) concentration was 2.0 g L(-1). Optimal phosphorus content not only supported robust growth of P. chrysosporium, but also helped produce higher yields of manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) (324.9 U L(-1)). In addition, the results revealed that a relationship between the consumption of total phosphorus (TP) and fungal growth and enzyme production existed in P. chrysosporium cultures. Over a range of 0-0.5 g L(-1) KH(2)PO(4) concentration in the medium, the biomass and MnP activity increased in proportion to phosphorus concentration. When the KH(2)PO(4) concentration reached 0.5 g L(-1), it was generally found that the increase in biomass gradually slowed down, while MnP production decreased greatly with an increase in phosphorus concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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38
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Biotransformation of three pharmaceutical active compounds by the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium in a fed batch stirred reactor under air and oxygen supply. Biodegradation 2011; 23:145-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-011-9494-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Kapich AN, Korneichik TV, Hammel KE, Hatakka A. Comparative evaluation of manganese peroxidase- and Mn(III)-initiated peroxidation of C18 unsaturated fatty acids by different methods. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 49:25-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Ohashi Y, Uno Y, Amirta R, Watanabe T, Honda Y, Watanabe T. Alkoxyl- and carbon-centered radicals as primary agents for degrading non-phenolic lignin-substructure model compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:2481-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00797h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Wang J, Ogata M, Hirai H, Kawagishi H. Detoxification of aflatoxin B1 by manganese peroxidase from the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2010; 314:164-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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42
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Harazono K, Kondo R, Sakai K. Bleaching of Hardwood Kraft Pulp with Manganese Peroxidase from Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 without Addition of MnSO(inf4). Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 62:913-7. [PMID: 16535279 PMCID: PMC1388804 DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.3.913-917.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro bleaching of an unbleached hardwood kraft pulp was performed with partially purified manganese peroxidase (MnP) from the fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 without the addition of MnSO(inf4) in the presence of oxalate, malonate, or gluconate as manganese chelator. When the pulp was treated without the addition of MnSO(inf4), the pulp brightness increased by about 10 points in the presence of 2 mM oxalate, but the brightness did not significantly increase in the presence of 50 mM malonate, a good manganese chelator. Residual MnP activity decreased faster during the bleaching with MnP without MnSO(inf4) in the presence of malonate than in the presence of oxalate. Oxalate reduced MnO(inf2) which already existed in the pulp or was produced from Mn(sup2+) by oxidation with MnP and thus supplied Mn(sup2+) to the MnP system. The presence of gluconate, produced by the H(inf2)O(inf2)-generating enzyme glucose oxidase, also improved the pulp brightness without the addition of MnSO(inf4), although treatment with gluconate was inferior to that with oxalate with regard to increase of brightness. It can be concluded that bleaching of hardwood kraft pulp with MnP, using manganese originally existing in the pulp, is possible in the presence of oxalate, a good manganese chelator and reducing reagent.
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43
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Camarero S, Bockle B, Martinez MJ, Martinez AT. Manganese-Mediated Lignin Degradation by Pleurotus pulmonarius. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 62:1070-2. [PMID: 16535257 PMCID: PMC1388814 DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.3.1070-1072.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleurotus pulmonarius produced the strongest degradation of lignin during solid-state fermentation of [(sup14)C]lignin wheat straw with different fungi. A manganese-oxidizing peroxidase seemed to be involved in lignin attack, since the addition of Mn(sup2+) to the culture increased lignin mineralization by ca. 125%. This enzyme was purified and characterized from both solid-state fermentation and liquid cultures.
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44
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Sundaramoorthy M, Gold MH, Poulos TL. Ultrahigh (0.93A) resolution structure of manganese peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium: implications for the catalytic mechanism. J Inorg Biochem 2010; 104:683-90. [PMID: 20356630 PMCID: PMC2866031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Manganese peroxidase (MnP) is an extracellular heme enzyme produced by the lignin-degrading white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. MnP catalyzes the peroxide-dependent oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(III). The Mn(III) is released from the enzyme in complex with oxalate, enabling the oxalate-Mn(III) complex to serve as a diffusible redox mediator capable of oxidizing lignin, especially under the mediation of unsaturated fatty acids. One heme propionate and the side chains of Glu35, Glu39 and Asp179 have been identified as Mn(II) ligands in our previous crystal structures of native MnP. In our current work, new 0.93A and 1.05A crystal structures of MnP with and without bound Mn(II), respectively, have been solved. This represents only the sixth structure of a protein of this size at 0.93A resolution. In addition, this is the first structure of a heme peroxidase from a eukaryotic organism at sub-Angstrom resolution. These new structures reveal an ordering/disordering of the C-terminal loop, which is likely required for Mn binding and release. In addition, the catalytic Arg42 residue at the active site, normally thought to function only in the peroxide activation process, also undergoes ordering/disordering that is coupled to a transient H-bond with the Mn ligand, Glu39. Finally, these high-resolution structures also reveal the exact H atoms in several parts of the structure that are relevant to the catalytic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael H. Gold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OGI School of Science and Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97291-1000
| | - Thomas L. Poulos
- Departments of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3900
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45
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Watanabe T, Tsuda S, Nishimura H, Honda Y, Watanabe T. Characterization of a Delta12-fatty acid desaturase gene from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, a selective lignin-degrading fungus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:215-24. [PMID: 20155356 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, a white-rot fungus, is characterized as one of the best biopulping fungi because it can degrade lignin selectively without serious damage to cellulose. We previously demonstrated that during the early stage of wood decay, this fungus produces large amounts of linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and degrades lignin by manganese peroxidase-catalyzed lipid peroxidation. In this study, we cloned a Delta12-fatty acid desaturase gene absolutely essential for the biosynthesis of linoleic acid as the main substrate for lipid peroxidation. This gene designated Cs-fad2 encodes a protein with three histidine-rich domains and four membrane-spanning domains characteristic of other Delta12-fatty acid desaturases. Moreover, we heterologously expressed Cs-fad2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking Delta12-fatty acid desaturase, and detected the de novo biosynthesis of linoleic acid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. We also investigated transcription of Cs-fad2 under various conditions. The transcription was activated and repressed in the presence of a lignin fragment and exogenous fatty acids, respectively. These results may shed light on the molecular relationship between fatty acid metabolism and selective lignin degradation in C. subvermispora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Watanabe
- Laboratory of Biomass Conversion, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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46
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Oxidizability of unsaturated fatty acids and of a non-phenolic lignin structure in the manganese peroxidase-dependent lipid peroxidation system. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Tanaka H, Koike K, Itakura S, Enoki A. Degradation of wood and enzyme production by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. Enzyme Microb Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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48
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Sato S, Ohashi Y, Kojima M, Watanabe T, Honda Y, Watanabe T. Degradation of sulfide linkages between isoprenes by lipid peroxidation catalyzed by manganese peroxidase. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 77:798-804. [PMID: 19740510 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Scission of sulfide linkages in vulcanized rubber has been a major concern since the early 20th century, because devulcanization is a key process for recycling waste rubber products as polymer materials that pose low environmental risks. We herein demonstrate that lipid peroxidation (LPO) of linoleic acid by manganese peroxidase (MnP), a proposed lignin-degradation system in the early stage of selective white rot fungi, cleaves sulfide bond in a model rubber compound, di(2-methylpent-2-enyl) sulfide, to 2,4-dimethylthiophene and 2-methyl-2-pentenal. The major intermediate of the LPO process, 2,4-decadienal was directly oxidized by MnP to cleave the sulfur-carbon bond. We propose that electrophilic radicals from 2,4-decadienal abstract one electron from a sulfur atom of the model compound to produce the sulfur radical cation intermediate, which in turn reacts with molecular oxygen to cleave the sulfur-carbon bond. The discovery of free radical-mediated scission of sulfide bond coupled with Mn oxidation provides a novel strategy for recycling vulcanized rubber wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Sato
- Laboratory of Biomass Conversion, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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49
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Ruiz-Dueñas FJ, Aguilar A, Martínez MJ, Zorn H, Martínez ÁT. Gene cloning, heterologous expression,in vitroreconstitution and catalytic properties of a versatile peroxidase. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420701422740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Kapich AN, Galkin S, Hatakka A. Effect of phenolic acids on manganese peroxidase-dependent peroxidation of linoleic acid and degradation of a non-phenolic lignin model compound. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420701379957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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