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Padovan JC, Dourado TMH, Pimenta GF, Bruder-Nascimento T, Tirapelli CR. Reactive Oxygen Species Are Central Mediators of Vascular Dysfunction and Hypertension Induced by Ethanol Consumption. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1813. [PMID: 37891892 PMCID: PMC10604002 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of high amounts of ethanol is a risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases such as arterial hypertension. The hypertensive state induced by ethanol is a complex multi-factorial event, and oxidative stress is a pathophysiological hallmark of vascular dysfunction associated with ethanol consumption. Increasing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the vasculature trigger important processes underlying vascular injury, including accumulation of intracellular Ca2+ ions, reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), endothelial dysfunction, and loss of the anticontractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). The enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase plays a central role in vascular ROS generation in response to ethanol. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an upstream mechanism which contributes to NADPH oxidase stimulation, overproduction of ROS, and vascular dysfunction. This review discusses the mechanisms of vascular dysfunction induced by ethanol, detailing the contribution of ROS to these processes. Data examining the association between neuroendocrine changes and vascular oxidative stress induced by ethanol are also reviewed and discussed. These issues are of paramount interest to public health as ethanol contributes to blood pressure elevation in the general population, and it is linked to cardiovascular conditions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio C. Padovan
- Laboratory of Blood and Vascular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Thales M. H. Dourado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil; (T.M.H.D.); (G.F.P.)
- Departamento de Enfermagem Psiquiátrica e Ciências Humanas, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo F. Pimenta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil; (T.M.H.D.); (G.F.P.)
- Departamento de Enfermagem Psiquiátrica e Ciências Humanas, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics and Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
| | - Carlos R. Tirapelli
- Departamento de Enfermagem Psiquiátrica e Ciências Humanas, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil
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Naoe S, Fujimoto Y, Murakami K, Yukimine R, Tanaka A, Yamaoka K, Kataoka T. Effects of low-dose/high-dose-rate X-irradiation on oxidative stress in organs following forced swim test and its combined effects on alcohol-induced liver damage in mice. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023:7167646. [PMID: 37205845 PMCID: PMC10354849 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The liver's susceptibility to oxidative stress after a combination of forced swim test (FST) and low-dose-rate γ-irradiation has been observed. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the effects of low-dose (0.1 and 0.5 Gy)/high-dose-rate (1.2 Gy/min) irradiation on combined oxidative stressors-liver damage associated with FST and alcohol administration. In addition, the effects of similar irradiation on FST-induced immobility, which induces psychomotor retardation, and antioxidative effects on the brain, lungs, liver and kidneys were investigated, and the results were compared with those of a similar previous study that utilized low-dose-rate irradiation. Low-dose/high-dose-rate (especially 0.5 Gy) irradiation temporarily worsened liver antioxidant function and hepatic function with FST- and alcohol administration-related oxidative damage; however, the damages improved soon after. In addition, the increase in total glutathione content in the liver contributed to the early improvement of hepatic functions. However, pre-irradiation did not suppress immobility during the FST. The results also suggested that the effects of low-dose/high-dose-rate irradiation on the antioxidant functions of each organ after the FST were different from those of low-dose/low-dose-rate irradiation. Overall, this study provides further insights into the effects of low-dose irradiation on exposure to a combination of different oxidative stressors. It will also contribute to the elucidation of dose rate effects on oxidative stress in the low-dose irradiation range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Naoe
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kaito Murakami
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yukimine
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Yamaoka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kataoka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Therapeutic Effects of Salvianolic Acid B on Angiotensin II-Induced Atrial Fibrosis by Regulating Atrium Metabolism via Targeting AMPK/FoxO1/miR-148a-3p Axis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 16:341-357. [PMID: 35984595 PMCID: PMC10151312 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study highlights the effects of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) on angiotensin II (Ang II)-activated atrial fibroblasts as well as the associated potential mechanism from the metabonomics perspective. Metabolic profile analysis performed an optimal separation of the Ang II and control group, indicating a recovery impact of Sal B on Ang II-activated fibroblasts (FBs). We found that metabolite levels in the Ang II + Sal B group were reversed to normal. Moreover, 23 significant metabolites were identified. Metabolic network analysis indicated that these metabolites participated in purine metabolism and FoxO signaling pathway. We found that Sal B activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, which further promoted FoxO1 activation and increased miR-148a-3p level. We further verified that Sal B modulate the abnormal AMP, phosphocreatine, glutathione (GSH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Ang II-stimulated FBs. Collectively, Sal B can protect the Ang II-activated FBs from fibrosis and oxidative stress via AMPK/FoxO1/miRNA-148a-3p axis.
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The Relationship between Oxidative Stress and Subjective Sleep Quality in People with Coronary Artery Disease. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081070. [PMID: 36009133 PMCID: PMC9406162 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: (1) Sleep disorders are prevalent in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and predict cardiac events and prognosis. While increased oxidative stress (OS) has been associated with sleep disorders, less is known about its relationship with sleep quality. Similarly, little is known of how this relationship might change with exercise, which can improve sleep quality. Factors of sleep quality, such as sleep duration and disturbances, are also important as they predict cardiovascular diseases better than a global score alone. This study investigated whether OS was associated with self-rated sleep quality and its factors before and after completing a 24-week exercise intervention. (2) Methods: CAD patients undergoing an exercise program were recruited. OS was measured at baseline by the concentrations of early- (lipid hydroperoxides, LPH) and late-stage (8-isoprostane, 8-ISO) lipid peroxidation products and their ratio. Sleep quality was measured by the self-reported Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) instrument at baseline and termination. Three sleep factors—perceived sleep quality, sleep efficiency, and daily disturbances—were derived from the PSQI. (3) Results: Among CAD patients (n = 113, 85.0% male, age = 63.7 ± 6.4 years, global PSQI = 5.8 ± 4.0), those with poor sleep (PSQI ≥ 5) had higher baseline 8-ISO levels (F(1, 111) = 6.212, p = 0.014, ηp2 = 0.053) compared to those with normal sleep. Concentrations of LPH (F(1, 105) = 0.569, p = 0.453, ηp2 = 0.005) and 8-ISO/LPH ratios (F(1, 105) = 2.173, p = 0.143, ηp2 = 0.020) did not differ between those with poor sleep and normal sleep. Among factors, perceived sleep quality was associated with 8-ISO and 8-ISO/LPH, and daily disturbances were associated with 8-ISO. (4) Conclusions: A marker of late-stage lipid peroxidation is elevated in CAD patients with poor sleep and associated with daily disturbances, but not with other factors or with sleep quality and its factors after exercise intervention.
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Macke AJ, Petrosyan A. Alcohol and Prostate Cancer: Time to Draw Conclusions. Biomolecules 2022; 12:375. [PMID: 35327568 PMCID: PMC8945566 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been a long-standing debate in the research and medical societies whether alcohol consumption is linked to the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Many comprehensive studies from different geographical areas and nationalities have shown that moderate and heavy drinking is positively correlated with the development of PCa. Nevertheless, some observations could not confirm that such a correlation exists; some even suggest that wine consumption could prevent or slow prostate tumor growth. Here, we have rigorously analyzed the evidence both for and against the role of alcohol in PCa development. We found that many of the epidemiological studies did not consider other, potentially critical, factors, including diet (especially, low intake of fish, vegetables and linoleic acid, and excessive use of red meat), smoking, family history of PCa, low physical activity, history of high sexual activities especially with early age of first intercourse, and sexually transmitted infections. In addition, discrepancies between observations come from selectivity criteria for control groups, questionnaires about the type and dosage of alcohol, and misreported alcohol consumption. The lifetime history of alcohol consumption is critical given that a prostate tumor is typically slow-growing; however, many epidemiological observations that show no association monitored only current or relatively recent drinking status. Nevertheless, the overall conclusion is that high alcohol intake, especially binge drinking, is associated with increased risk for PCa, and this effect is not limited to any type of beverage. Alcohol consumption is also directly linked to PCa lethality as it may accelerate the growth of prostate tumors and significantly shorten the time for the progression to metastatic PCa. Thus, we recommend immediately quitting alcohol for patients diagnosed with PCa. We discuss the features of alcohol metabolism in the prostate tissue and the damaging effect of ethanol metabolites on intracellular organization and trafficking. In addition, we review the impact of alcohol consumption on prostate-specific antigen level and the risk for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Lastly, we highlight the known mechanisms of alcohol interference in prostate carcinogenesis and the possible side effects of alcohol during androgen deprivation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Macke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Armen Petrosyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
- The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Maiti BK, Maia LB, Moura JJG. Sulfide and transition metals - A partnership for life. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 227:111687. [PMID: 34953313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sulfide and transition metals often came together in Biology. The variety of possible structural combinations enabled living organisms to evolve an array of highly versatile metal-sulfide centers to fulfill different physiological roles. The ubiquitous iron‑sulfur centers, with their structural, redox, and functional diversity, are certainly the best-known partners, but other metal-sulfide centers, involving copper, nickel, molybdenum or tungsten, are equally crucial for Life. This review provides a concise overview of the exclusive sulfide properties as a metal ligand, with emphasis on the structural aspects and biosynthesis. Sulfide as catalyst and as a substrate is discussed. Different enzymes are considered, including xanthine oxidase, formate dehydrogenases, nitrogenases and carbon monoxide dehydrogenases. The sulfide effect on the activity and function of iron‑sulfur, heme and zinc proteins is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab K Maiti
- National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Department of Chemistry, Ravangla Campus, Barfung Block, Ravangla Sub Division, South Sikkim 737139, India.
| | - Luisa B Maia
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Portugal.
| | - José J G Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Portugal.
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Chen X, Xu Y, Denning KL, Grigore A, Lu Y. PPARα agonist WY-14,643 enhances ethanol metabolism in mice: Role of catalase. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:283-293. [PMID: 33892114 PMCID: PMC8504580 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a fatty acid oxidation regulator, inhibits alcohol-induced fatty liver (AFL). PPARα agonist WY-14,643 ameliorates AFL. Nicotine enhances AFL. In this study, we investigated whether PPARα activation also blocks nicotine-enhanced AFL. Mice were fed liquid diets containing ethanol in the presence or absence of nicotine, WY-14,643 was added to the above diets at 10 mg/L. The results showed that WY-14,643 blunted AFL and nicotine-enhanced AFL, which was paralleled with striking induction of PPARα target genes. However, serum ALT was dramatically increased by the ethanol/WY-14,643 feeding and was further increased by nicotine/ethanol/WY-14,643 feeding, which was confirmed by necro-inflammation and elevated oxidative stress. Interestingly, serum alcohol levels were dramatically decreased by WY-14,643. Ethanol is mainly metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and catalase. ADH and CYP2E1 were not increased by WY-14,643, but catalase was induced. What is more, injection of catalase inhibitor increased serum ethanol. Decreased serum alcohol, attenuated fatty liver, and enhanced liver injury were not induced by WY-14,643 in mice lacking PPARα. In conclusion, PPARα activation by WY-14,643 attenuates alcohol/nicotine-induced fatty liver but deteriorates ethanol/nicotine-induced liver injury; WY-14,643 enhances ethanol metabolism via induction of catalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Avenue, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Yunhui Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Avenue, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Krista L Denning
- Department of Pathology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, WV, 25755, United States
| | - Audrey Grigore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Avenue, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Yongke Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1700 3rd Avenue, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA; Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
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The interplay of the oral microbiome and alcohol consumption in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Oral Oncol 2020; 110:105011. [PMID: 32980528 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC) is among the top twenty occurring cancers in the world, with a mortality rate of 50%. A shift to a functionally inflammatory or a 'disease state' oral microbiome composition has been observed amongst patients with premalignant disorders and OC, with evidence suggesting alcohol could be exacerbating the inflammatory influence of the oral microorganisms. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH, EC 1.1.1.1) converts alcohol into a known carcinogenic metabolite, acetaldehyde and while ADH levels in oral mucosa are low, several oral commensal species possess ADH and could produce genotoxic levels of acetaldehyde. With a direct association between oral microbiome status, alcohol and poor oral health status combining to induce chronic inflammation with increased acetaldehyde levels - this leads to a tumour promoting environment. This new disease state increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), while impairing anti-oxidant systems thus activating the redox signalling required for the promotion and survival of tumours. This review aims to highlight the evidence linking these processes in the progression of oral cancer.
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Abstract
This review concerns the current knowledge of melatonin and alcohol-related disorders. Chronobiological effects of ethanol are related to melatonin suppression and in relation to inflammation, stress, free radical scavenging, autophagy and cancer risk. It is postulated that both alcohol- and inflammation-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) alters cell membrane properties leading to tissue dysfunction and, subsequent further ROS production. Lysosomal enzymes are often used to assess the relationships between intensified inflammation states caused by alcohol abuse and oxidative stress as well as level of tissue damage estimated by the increased release of cellular enzymes into the extracellular space. Studies have established a link between alcoholism and desynchronosis (circadian disruption). Desynchronosis results from the disorganization of the body's circadian time structure and is an aspect of the pathology of chronic alcohol intoxication. The inflammatory conditions and the activity of lysosomal enzymes in acute alcohol poisoning or chronic alcohol-dependent diseases are in most cases interrelated. Inflammation can increase the activity of lysosomal enzymes, which can be regarded as a marker of lysosomal dysfunction and abnormal cellular integrity. Studies show alcohol toxicity is modulated by the melatonin (Mel) circadian rhythm. This hormone, produced by the pineal gland, is the main regulator of 24 h (sleep-wake cycle) and seasonal biorhythms. Mel exhibits antioxidant properties and may be useful in the prevention of oxidative stress reactions known to be responsible for alcohol-related diseases. Naturally produced Mel and exogenous sources in food can act in free radical reactions and activate the endogenous defense system. Mel plays an important role in the normalization of the post-stress state by its influence on neurotransmitter systems and the synchronization of circadian rhythms. Acting simultaneously on the neuroendocrine and immune systems, Mel optimizes homeostasis and provides protection against stress. Abbreviations: ROS, reactive oxygen species; Mel, melatonin; SRV, resveratrol; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; ANT, arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase; EC cells, gastrointestinal enterochromaffin cells; MT1, melatonin high-affinity nanomolecular receptor site; MT2, melatonin low-affinity nanomolecular receptor site; ROR/RZR, orphan nuclear retinoid receptors; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GR, glutathione reductase; GSH, reduced form of glutathione; GSSG, oxidized form of glutathione; TAC, total antioxidant capacity; ONOO∙-, peroxynitrite radical; NCAM, neural cell adhesion molecules; LPO, lipid peroxidation; α-KG, α-ketoglutarate, HIF-1α, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α, IL-2, interleukin-2; HPA axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; Tph1, tryptophan hydroxylase 1; AA-NAT, arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase; AS-MT, acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase; NAG, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase; HBA1c glycated hemoglobin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; AAP, alanyl-aminopeptidase; β-GR, β-glucuronidase; β-GD, β-galactosidase; LAP, leucine aminopeptidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kurhaluk
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk , Słupsk, Poland
| | - Halyna Tkachenko
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk , Słupsk, Poland
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Lv Y, Gao X, Luo Y, Fan W, Shen T, Ding C, Yao M, Song S, Yan L. Apigenin ameliorates HFD-induced NAFLD through regulation of the XO/NLRP3 pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 71:110-121. [PMID: 31325892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality disease in the world. However, no effective pharmacological treatment for NAFLD has been found. In this study, we used a high fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD model to investigate hepatoprotective effect of apigenin (API) against NAFLD and further explored its potential mechanism. Our results demonstrated that gavage administration of API could mitigate HFD-induced liver injury, enhance insulin sensitivity and markedly reduce lipid accumulation in HFD-fed mice livers. In addition, histological analysis showed that hepatic steatosis and macrophages recruitment in the API treatment group were recovered compared with mice fed with HFD alone. Importantly, API could reverse the HFD-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, further reduced inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 release, accompanied with the inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity and the reduction of uric acid and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The pharmacological role of API was further confirmed using free fatty acid (FFA) induced cell NAFLD model. Taking together, our results demonstrated that API could protect against HFD-induced NAFLD by ameliorating hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation. These protective effects may be partially attributed to the regulation of XO by API, which further modulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 release. Therefore API is a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Lv
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaona Gao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Administration for Market Regulation of GuangDong Province Key Laboratory of Supervision for Edible Agricultural Products, Shenzhen Centre of Inspection and Testing for Agricultural Products, Shenzhen 518000, GuangDong Province, China
| | - Wentao Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tongtong Shen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chenchen Ding
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming Yao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Suquan Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Liping Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Maia LB, Moura JJG. Putting xanthine oxidoreductase and aldehyde oxidase on the NO metabolism map: Nitrite reduction by molybdoenzymes. Redox Biol 2018; 19:274-289. [PMID: 30196191 PMCID: PMC6129670 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide radical (NO) is a signaling molecule involved in several physiological and pathological processes and a new nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway has emerged as a physiological alternative to the "classic" pathway of NO formation from L-arginine. Since the late 1990s, it has become clear that nitrite can be reduced back to NO under hypoxic/anoxic conditions and exert a significant cytoprotective action in vivo under challenging conditions. To reduce nitrite to NO, mammalian cells can use different metalloproteins that are present in cells to perform other functions, including several heme proteins and molybdoenzymes, comprising what we denominated as the "non-dedicated nitrite reductases". Herein, we will review the current knowledge on two of those "non-dedicated nitrite reductases", the molybdoenzymes xanthine oxidoreductase and aldehyde oxidase, discussing the in vitro and in vivo studies to provide the current picture of the role of these enzymes on the NO metabolism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B Maia
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - José J G Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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12
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Zhao J, Xie C, Mu X, Krausz KW, Patel DP, Shi X, Gao X, Wang Q, Gonzalez FJ. Metabolic alterations in triptolide-induced acute hepatotoxicity. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4299. [PMID: 29799631 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide, a major active constitute of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F, is prescribed for the treatment of autoimmune diseases in China. One of its most severe adverse effects observed in the clinical use is hepatotoxicity, but the mechanism is still unknown. Therefore, the present study applied an LC/MS-based metabolomic analysis to characterize the metabolomic changes in serum and liver induced by triptolide in mice. Mice were administered triptolide by gavage to establish the acute liver injury model, and serum biochemical and liver histological analyses were applied to assess the degree of toxicity. Multivariate data analyses were performed to investigate the metabolic alterations. Potential metabolites were identified using variable importance in the projection values and Student's t-test. A total of 30 metabolites were observed that were significantly changed by triptolide treatment and the abundance of 29 metabolites was correlated with the severity of toxicity. Pathway analysis indicated that the mechanism of triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity was related to alterations in multiple metabolic pathways, including glutathione metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, purine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism and amino acid metabolism. The current study provides new mechanistic insights into the metabolic alterations that lead to triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Hebei Medical University, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cen Xie
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiyan Mu
- Hebei Medical University, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daxesh P Patel
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- Hebei Medical University, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Qiao Wang
- Hebei Medical University, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Hamad SR, Hamad Mohamed HR. Amelioration of ethanol induced apoptotic DNA damage and ulcerative injuries in the mice gastric tissues by starch oral administration. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 28:130-139. [PMID: 28849987 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1373879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, gastric ulcers have become very common gastrointestinal disorders and numerous natural plant extracts exert promising anti-ulcerative effects. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effect of dietary starch against ethanol induced gastric ulcers in mice. Post-administration of dietary starch for three consecutive days caused remarkable ameliorations in hemorrhagic lesions in gastric mucus and significant suppression in % incidence of ulceration, ulcer index and ulcer score induced by ethanol single administration. Indeed, deep ulceration, necrosis, disruption and degeneration in large areas of mucosa layer together with dense inflammatory cells infiltration and edema in sub-mucosal layer induced by ethanol administration were attenuated by starch post-administration and normalized the tissue architecture of the stomach. This potential protective effect could be attributed to the potent anti-oxidative capacity of starch that causes scavenger of the reactive oxygen species and thereby decreasing single and double DNA stranded break inductions and apoptotic DNA damage revealed by returning the p53 and caspase-3 expression levels to the normal level compared to the ethanol treated group. In conclusion, dietary starch has a potent therapeutic effect against ethanol induced gastric ulcer in mice via its free radical scavengers ability. Thus, we recommended further studies on its possible use as antiulcer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Ramadan Hamad
- a Department of Histopathology , National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR) , Cairo , Egypt
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14
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Kurhaluk N, Sliuta A, Kyriienko S, Winklewski PJ. Melatonin Restores White Blood Cell Count, Diminishes Glycated Haemoglobin Level and Prevents Liver, Kidney and Muscle Oxidative Stress in Mice Exposed to Acute Ethanol Intoxication. Alcohol Alcohol 2017; 52:521-528. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Behavior of Oxidative Stress Markers in Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis Patients. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9370565. [PMID: 28074118 PMCID: PMC5198187 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9370565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol is the most socially accepted addictive substance worldwide, and its metabolism is related with oxidative stress generation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of oxidative stress in alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC). This study included 187 patients divided into two groups: ALC, classified according to Child-Pugh score, and a control group. We determined the levels of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) and the GSH/GSSG ratio by an enzymatic method in blood. Also, protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were estimated in serum. MDA levels increased in proportion to the severity of damage, whereas the GSH and GSSG levels decreased and increased, respectively, at different stages of cirrhosis. There were no differences in the GSH/GSSG ratio and carbonylated protein content between groups. We also evaluated whether the active consumption of or abstinence from alcoholic beverages affected the behavior of these oxidative markers and only found differences in the MDA, GSH, and GSSG determination and the GSH/GSSG ratio. Our results suggest that alcoholic cirrhotic subjects have an increase in oxidative stress in the early stages of disease severity and that abstinence from alcohol consumption favors the major antioxidant endogen: GSH in patients with advanced disease severity.
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16
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Prasad S, Tiwari M, Pandey AN, Shrivastav TG, Chaube SK. Impact of stress on oocyte quality and reproductive outcome. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:36. [PMID: 27026099 PMCID: PMC4812655 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is an important factor that affects physical and mental status of a healthy person disturbing homeostasis of the body. Changes in the lifestyle are one of the major causes that lead to psychological stress. Psychological stress could impact the biology of female reproduction by targeting at the level of ovary, follicle and oocyte. The increased level of stress hormone such as cortisol reduces estradiol production possibly by affecting the granulosa cell functions within the follicle, which results deterioration in oocyte quality. Adaptation of lifestyle behaviours may generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ovary, which further affects female reproduction. Balance between level of ROS and antioxidants within the ovary are important for maintenance of female reproductive health. Physiological level of ROS modulates oocyte functions, while its accumulation leads to oxidative stress (OS). OS triggers apoptosis in majority of germ cells within the ovary and even in ovulated oocytes. Although both mitochondria- as well as death-receptor pathways are involved in oocyte apoptosis, OS-induced mitochondria-mediated pathway plays a major role in the elimination of majority of germ cells from ovary. OS in the follicular fluid deteriorates oocyte quality and reduces reproductive outcome. On the other hand, antioxidants reduce ROS levels and protect against OS-mediated germ cell apoptosis and thereby depletion of germ cells from the ovary. Indeed, OS is one of the major factors that has a direct negative impact on oocyte quality and limits female reproductive outcome in several mammalian species including human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Prasad
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Meenakshi Tiwari
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Ashutosh N Pandey
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Tulsidas G Shrivastav
- Department of Reproductive Biomedicine, National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, Baba Gang Nath Marg, Munirka, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shail K Chaube
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India.
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Song BJ, Akbar M, Jo I, Hardwick JP, Abdelmegeed MA. Translational Implications of the Alcohol-Metabolizing Enzymes, Including Cytochrome P450-2E1, in Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Liver Disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 74:303-72. [PMID: 26233911 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fat accumulation (hepatic steatosis) in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a potentially pathologic condition which can progress to steatohepatitis (inflammation), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and carcinogenesis. Many clinically used drugs or some alternative medicine compounds are also known to cause drug-induced liver injury, which can further lead to fulminant liver failure and acute deaths in extreme cases. During liver disease process, certain cytochromes P450 such as the ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1) and CYP4A isozymes can be induced and/or activated by alcohol and/or high-fat diets and pathophysiological conditions such as fasting, obesity, and diabetes. Activation of these P450 isozymes, involved in the metabolism of ethanol, fatty acids, and various drugs, can produce reactive oxygen/nitrogen species directly and/or indirectly, contributing to oxidative modifications of DNA/RNA, proteins and lipids. In addition, aldehyde dehydrogenases including the mitochondrial low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), responsible for the metabolism of acetaldehyde and lipid aldehydes, can be inactivated by various hepatotoxic agents. These highly reactive acetaldehyde and lipid peroxides, accumulated due to ALDH2 suppression, can interact with cellular macromolecules DNA/RNA, lipids, and proteins, leading to suppression of their normal function, contributing to DNA mutations, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, steatosis, and cell death. In this chapter, we specifically review the roles of the alcohol-metabolizing enzymes including the alcohol dehydrogenase, ALDH2, CYP2E1, and other enzymes in promoting liver disease. We also discuss translational research opportunities with natural and/or synthetic antioxidants, which can prevent or delay the onset of inflammation and liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Inho Jo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - James P Hardwick
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology in Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Mohamed A Abdelmegeed
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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18
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Network pharmacology-based antioxidant effect study of zhi-zi-da-huang decoction for alcoholic liver disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:492470. [PMID: 25922610 PMCID: PMC4398926 DOI: 10.1155/2015/492470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zhi-Zi-Da-Huang decoction (ZZDHD), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been used for centuries to treat alcoholic liver disease. Reliable therapeutics of ZZDHD has also been validated in clinical practice. In this study, molecular docking and network analysis were carried out to explore the antioxidative mechanism of ZZDHD as an effective therapeutic approach to treat alcoholic liver disease. Multiple active compounds of ZZDHD were screened based on four key original enzymes (cytochrome P450 2E1, xanthine oxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2) involved in ethanol-induced oxidative stress damage. A drug-target network was constructed through network pharmacology analysis, which predicted the relationships of active ingredients to the targets. Some results had been verified by the previous experimental pharmacological studies; meanwhile, it was first reported that xanthine oxidase and eriocitrin, neoeriocitrin, isorhoifolin, and poncirin had interactions. The network pharmacology strategy used provided a forceful tool for searching the mechanism of action of TCM formula and novel bioactive ingredients.
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19
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Nitrite reduction by molybdoenzymes: a new class of nitric oxide-forming nitrite reductases. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:403-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Maia LB, Pereira V, Mira L, Moura JJG. Nitrite reductase activity of rat and human xanthine oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase: evaluation of their contribution to NO formation in vivo. Biochemistry 2015; 54:685-710. [PMID: 25537183 DOI: 10.1021/bi500987w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite is presently considered a NO "storage form" that can be made available, through its one-electron reduction, to maintain NO formation under hypoxia/anoxia. The molybdoenzymes xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase (XO/XD) and aldehyde oxidase (AO) are two of the most promising mammalian nitrite reductases, and in this work, we characterized NO formation by rat and human XO/XD and AO. This is the first characterization of human enzymes, and our results support the employment of rat liver enzymes as suitable models of the human counterparts. A comprehensive kinetic characterization of the effect of pH on XO and AO-catalyzed nitrite reduction showed that the enzyme's specificity constant for nitrite increase 8-fold, while the Km(NO2(-)) decrease 6-fold, when the pH decreases from 7.4 to 6.3. These results demonstrate that the ability of XO/AO to trigger NO formation would be greatly enhanced under the acidic conditions characteristic of ischemia. The dioxygen inhibition was quantified, and the Ki(O2) values found (24.3-48.8 μM) suggest that in vivo NO formation would be fine-tuned by dioxygen availability. The potential in vivo relative physiological relevance of XO/XD/AO-dependent pathways of NO formation was evaluated using HepG2 and HMEC cell lines subjected to hypoxia. NO formation by the cells was found to be pH-, nitrite-, and dioxygen-dependent, and the relative contribution of XO/XD plus AO was found to be as high as 50%. Collectively, our results supported the possibility that XO/XD and AO can contribute to NO generation under hypoxia inside a living human cell. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of XO/AO-catalyzed nitrite reduction was revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B Maia
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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21
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Patel SAA, Bhambra U, Charalambous MP, David RM, Edwards RJ, Lightfoot T, Boobis AR, Gooderham NJ. Interleukin-6 mediated upregulation of CYP1B1 and CYP2E1 in colorectal cancer involves DNA methylation, miR27b and STAT3. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:2287-96. [PMID: 25333344 PMCID: PMC4264448 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL6) promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) development. It is also known to regulate cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, which are involved in CRC tumour initiation and promotion via activation of chemical carcinogens. Here, IL6 regulation of CYP450 expression was investigated in CRC. Methods: The effect of IL6 on CYP 1A1, 1B1 and 2E1 expression was determined in vitro using CRC cell lines HCT116 and SW480, and CYP450 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in CRC tissues previously shown to have increased levels of IL6. Results: In mechanistic studies, IL6 treatment significantly induced CYP1B1 and CYP2E1, but not CYP1A1, gene expression in HCT116 and SW480 cells. CYP2E1 expression regulation occurred via a transcriptional mechanism involving STAT3. For CYP1B1 regulation, IL6 downregulated the CYP1B1-targeting microRNA miR27b through a mechanism involving DNA methylation. In clinical samples, the expression of CYP1B1 and CYP2E1, but not CYP1A1, was significantly increased in malignant tissue overexpressing IL6 compared with matched adjacent normal tissue. Conclusions: Colonic inflammation with the presence of IL6 associated with neoplastic tissue can alter metabolic competency of epithelial cells by manipulating CYP2E1 and CYP1B1 expression through transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. This can lead to increased activation of dietary carcinogens and DNA damage, thus promoting colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A A Patel
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - U Bhambra
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - M P Charalambous
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - R M David
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - R J Edwards
- Experimental Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - T Lightfoot
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - A R Boobis
- Experimental Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - N J Gooderham
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze Extract Ameliorates Chronic Ethanol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:787153. [PMID: 25254057 PMCID: PMC4164262 DOI: 10.1155/2014/787153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of aqueous extract of Camellia sinensis or green tea extract (AQGTE) in chronic ethanol-induced albino rats. All animals were divided into 4 groups in the study for a 5-week duration. 50% ethanol was given orally to the rats with two doses (5 mg/kg bw and 10 mg/kg bw) of AQGTE. Ethanol administration caused a significant increase in the levels of plasma and serum enzymatic markers, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and nonenzymatic markers (cholesterol and triglycerides), lipid peroxidation contents, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and decreased the activities of total proteins, albumin, and cellular antioxidant defense enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). The elevation and reduction in these biochemical enzymes caused the damage in hepatocytes histologically due to the high production of ROS, which retards the antioxidant defense capacity of cell. AQGTE was capable of recovering the level of these markers and the damaged hepatocytes to their normal structures. These results support the suggestion that AQGTE was able to enhance hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects in vivo against ethanol-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa B. Maia
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José J. G. Moura
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento
de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Acetaldehyde content and oxidative stress in the deleterious effects of alcohol drinking on rat uterine horn. J Toxicol 2013; 2013:161496. [PMID: 24348548 PMCID: PMC3855983 DOI: 10.1155/2013/161496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
After alcohol exposure through a standard Lieber and De Carli diet for 28 days, a severe atrophy in the rat uteirne horn was observed, accompanied by significant alterations in its epithelial cells. Microsomal pathway of acetaldehyde production was slightly increased. Hydroxyl radicals were detected in the cytosolic fraction, and this was attributed to participation of xanthine oxidoreductase. They were also observed in the microsomal fraction in the presence of NADPH generating system. No generation of 1-hydroxyethyl was evidenced. The t-butylhydroperoxide-induced chemiluminescence analysis of uterine horn homogenates revealed a significant increase in the chemiluminiscence emission due to ethanol exposure. In the animals repeatedly exposed to alcohol, sulfhydryl content from uterine horn proteins was decreased, but no significant changes were observed in the protein carbonyl content from the same samples. Minor but significant decreasing changes were observed in the GSH content accompanied by a tendency to decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio. A highly significant finding was the diminished activity content of glutathione peroxidase. Results suggest that acetaldehyde accumulation plus the oxidative stress may play an additional effect to the alcohol-promoted hormonal changes in the uterus reported by others after chronic exposure to alcohol.
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Al Batran R, Al-Bayaty F, Ameen Abdulla M, Jamil Al-Obaidi MM, Hajrezaei M, Hassandarvish P, Fouad M, Golbabapour S, Talaee S. Gastroprotective effects of Corchorus olitorius leaf extract against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal hemorrhagic lesions in rats. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28:1321-9. [PMID: 23611708 PMCID: PMC3842111 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Corchorus olitorius is a medicinal plant traditionally utilized as an antifertility, anti-convulsive, and purgative agent. This study aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of an ethanolic extract of C. olitorius against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in adult Sprague Dawley rats. METHODS The rats were divided into seven groups according to their pretreatment: an untreated control group, an ulcer control group, a reference control group (20 mg/kg omeprazole), and four experimental groups (50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg of extract). Carboxymethyl cellulose was the vehicle for the agents. Prior to the induction of gastric ulcers with absolute ethanol, the rats in each group were pretreated orally. An hour later, the rats were sacrificed, and gastric tissues were collected to evaluate the ulcers and to measure enzymatic activity. The tissues were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical evaluations. RESULTS Compared with the extensive mucosal damage in the ulcer control group, gross evaluation revealed a marked protection of the gastric mucosa in the experimental groups, with significantly preserved gastric wall mucus. In these groups, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05) and reduced (P < 0.05), respectively. In addition to the histologic analyses (HE and periodic acid-Schiff staining), immunohistochemistry confirmed the protection through the upregulation of Hsp70 and the downregulation of Bax proteins. The gastroprotection of the experimental groups was comparable to that of the reference control medicine omeprazole. CONCLUSIONS Our study reports the gastroprotective property of an ethanolic extract of C. olitorius against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal hemorrhagic lesions in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Al Batran
- Center of Studies for Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University Technology MaraShah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fouad Al-Bayaty
- Center of Studies for Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University Technology MaraShah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mazen M Jamil Al-Obaidi
- Center of Studies for Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University Technology MaraShah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Hajrezaei
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mustafa Fouad
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahram Golbabapour
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Samaneh Talaee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Aseervatham GSB, Sivasudha T, Jeyadevi R, Arul Ananth D. Environmental factors and unhealthy lifestyle influence oxidative stress in humans--an overview. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:4356-4369. [PMID: 23636598 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen is the most essential molecule for life; since it is a strong oxidizing agent, it can aggravate the damage within the cell by a series of oxidative events including the generation of free radicals. Antioxidative agents are the only defense mechanism to neutralize these free radicals. Free radicals are not only generated internally in our body system but also trough external sources like environmental pollution, toxic metals, cigarette smoke, pesticides, etc., which add damage to our body system. Inhaling these toxic chemicals in the environment has become unavoidable in modern civilization. Antioxidants of plant origin with free radical scavenging properties could have great importance as therapeutic agents in several diseases caused by environmental pollution. This review summarizes the generation of reactive oxygen species and damage to cells by exposure to external factors, unhealthy lifestyle, and role of herbal plants in scavenging these reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Smilin Bell Aseervatham
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024 Tamilnadu, India
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Abstract
Peptic ulcer is among the most serious gastrointestinal diseases in the world. Several orthodox drugs are employed for the treatment of the disease. Although these drugs are effective, they produce many adverse effects thus limiting their use. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in alternative therapies, especially those from plants due to their perceived relative lower side effects, ease of accessibility, and affordability. Plant medicines with ethnomedicinal use in peptic ulcer management need to be screened for their effectiveness and possible isolation of lead compounds. This requires use of appropriate animal models of various ulcers. The limited number of antiulcer models for drug development against gastric and duodenal ulcer studies has hindered the progress of targeted therapy in this field. It is, therefore, necessary to review the literature on experimental models used to screen agents with potential antigastroduodenal ulcer activity and explain their biochemical basis in order to facilitate their use in the development of new preventive and curative antiulcer drugs. Clinical trials can then be carried out on agents/drugs that show promise. In this paper, current in vivo animal models of ulcers and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying their induction, their limitations, as well as the challenges associated with their use have been discussed.
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Significance of hepatic xanthine oxidase and uric acid in aged and dietary restricted rats. J Am Aging Assoc 2013; 23:123-8. [PMID: 23604851 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-000-0013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XOD), one of the major intracellular sources of superoxide production, is well characterized as a causative factor in ischemia/reperfusion related damage. In the present study, we investigated age-effect on the status of XOD, an enzyme interconvertible with xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) under oxidative stress. We also examined the modulation of the enzyme using the anti-oxidative action of dietary restriction (DR). We obtained evidence showing XOD activity to be significantly increased by DR, peaking at 24 months, although no progressive, age-related changes were noticed. On the other hand, while XDH activity decreased in ad libitum fed rats with age, DR maintained higher activity levels at 18 and 24 months of age. During aging, the conversion of XDH to XOD was slightly increased, as indicated by the XOD/XDH ratio. One novel finding of the present study is DR's ability to elevate the uric acid level, which likely augments the anti-oxidative defense system, thereby buffering against oxidatively stressed conditions during aging. Based on what is known about the antioxidative abilities of DR and uric acid, we propose that the high uric acid levels we observed in DR rats may well serve as part of a defense strategy to protect redox balance.
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Ibrahim MM, Ali HM, Abdullah MA, Hassandarvish P. Acute toxicity and gastroprotective effect of the Schiff base ligand ¹H-indole-3-ethylene-5-nitrosalicylaldimine and its nickel (II) complex on ethanol induced gastric lesions in rats. Molecules 2012; 17:12449-59. [PMID: 23090023 PMCID: PMC6268460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171012449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of Schiff base ligand derived from the condensation reaction of tryptamine (an indole derivative) and 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde (TNS) and its nickel (II) complex against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. The compounds were orally administered with low (30 mg/kg) and high (60 mg/kg) doses to ulcer-induced Sprague-Dawley rats. Macroscopically, the ulcer control group exhibited severe mucosal injury, whereas pre-treatment with either cimetidine or TNS and its nickel (II) complex each resulted in significant protection against gastric mucosal injury. Flattening of gastric mucosal folds was also observed in rats pretreated with TNS and its nickel complex. Histological studies of the gastric wall of ulcer control group revealed severe damage of gastric mucosa, along with edema and leucocytes infiltration of the submucosal layer compared to rats pre-treated with either cimetidine or TNS and its nickel (II) compound, where there was marked gastric protection along with reduction of edema and leucocytes infiltration of the submucosal layer. Acute toxicity study done on mice with a higher dose of 5 g/kg of TNS and its nickel (II) complex did not manifest any toxicological signs. Research finding suggest that TNS and its nickel (II) complex could be considered as effective gastroprotective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hapipah Mohd Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (M.A.); (P.H.)
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (M.A.); (P.H.)
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Abstract
Over the last three decades, direct hepatotoxic effects of ethanol were established, some of which were linked to redox changes produced by NADH generated via the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) pathway and shown to affect the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and purines. It was also determined that ethanol can be oxidized by a microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) involving a specific cytochrome P-450; this newly discovered ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-450 IIEi) contributes to ethanol metabolism, tolerance, energy wastage (with associated weight loss), and the selective hepatic perivenular toxicity of various xenobiotics. Their activation by P-450IIEi now provides an understanding of the increased susceptibility of the heavy drinker to the toxicity of industrial solvents, anaesthetic agents, commonly prescribed drugs, over-the-counter analgesics, and chemical carcinogens. P-450 induction also explains depletion (and toxicity) of nutritional factors such as vitamin A. As a consequence, treatment with vitamin A and other nutritional factors is beneficial, but must take into account a narrowed therapeutic window in alcoholics who have increased needs for nutrients and also display an enhanced susceptibility to some of their adverse effects. Acetaldehyde (the metabolite produced from ethanol by either ADH or MEOS) impairs hepatic oxygen utilization and forms protein adducts, resulting in antibody production, enzyme inactivation, and decreased DNA repair. It also stimulates collagen production by the vitamin A storing cells (lipocytes) and myofibroblasts, and causes glutathione depletion. Supplementation with S-adenosyl-L-methionine partly corrects the depletion and associated mitochondrial injury, whereas administration of polyunsaturated lecithin opposes the fibrosis. Thus, at the cellular level, the classic dichotomy between the nutritional and toxic effects of ethanol has now been bridged. The understanding of how the ensuing injury eventually results in irreversible scarring or cirrhosis may provide us with improved modalities for treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Lieber
- Alcohol Research & Treatment Center, Bronx VA Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
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Hashim H, Mughrabi FF, Ameen M, Khaledi H, Ali HM. Cytoprotective effect of benzyl N'-(5-chloro-indol-3-yl-methylidene)-hydrazinecarbodithioate against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Molecules 2012; 17:9306-20. [PMID: 22864239 PMCID: PMC6268369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17089306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Indolic compounds have attracted a lot of attention due to their interesting biological properties. The present study was performed to evaluate the subacute toxicity and anti-ulcer activity of BClHC against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers. Experimental animal groups were orally pre-treated with different doses of BClHC (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) in 10% Tween 20 solution (vehicle). Blank and ulcer control groups were pre-treated with vehicle. The positive group was orally pretreated with 20 mg/kg omeprazole. After one hour, all groups received absolute ethanol (5 mL/kg) to generate gastric mucosal injury except the blank control group which was administered the vehicle solution. After an additional hour, all rats were sacrificed, and the ulcer areas of the gastric walls determined. Grossly, the ulcer control group exhibited severe mucosal injury, whereas pre-treatment with either derivative or omeprazole resulted in significant protection of gastric mucosal injury. Flattening of gastric mucosal folds was also observed in rats pretreated with BClHC. Histological studies of the gastric wall of ulcer control group revealed severe damage of gastric mucosa, along with edema and leucocytes infiltration of the submucosal layer compared to rats pre-treated with either BClHC or omeprazole where there were marked gastric protection along with reduction or absence of edema and leucocytes infiltration of the submucosal layer. Subacute toxicity study with a higher dose of derivative (5 g/kg) did not manifest any toxicological signs in rats. In conclusions, the present finding suggests that benzyl N'-(5-chloroindol-3-ylmethylidene)hydrazinecarbodithioate promotes ulcer protection as ascertained by the comparative decreases in ulcer areas, reduction of edema and leucocytes infiltration of the submucosal layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harita Hashim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, University Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia.
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Hong SM, Moon HS, Lee JH, Lee HI, Jeong JH, Lee MK, Seo KI. Development of Functional Vinegar by Using Cucumbers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.7.927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Szachowicz-Petelska B, Dobrzyńska I, Skrzydlewska E, Figaszewski Z. Protective effect of blackcurrant on liver cell membrane of rats intoxicated with ethanol. J Membr Biol 2012; 245:191-200. [PMID: 22527605 PMCID: PMC3345183 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-012-9429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic ethanol intoxication oxidative stress participates in the development of many diseases. Nutrition and the interaction of food nutrients with ethanol metabolism may modulate alcohol toxicity. One such compound is blackcurrant, which also has antioxidant abilities. We investigated the effect of blackcurrant as an antioxidant on the composition and electrical charge of liver cell membranes in ethanol-intoxicated rats. Qualitative and quantitative phospholipid composition and the presence of integral membrane proteins were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Electrophoresis was used to determine the surface charge density of the rat liver cell membranes. Ethanol intoxication is characterized by changes in cell metabolism that alter the structure and function of cell membrane components. Ethanol increased phospholipid levels and altered the level of integral proteins as determined by decreased phenylalanine, cysteine, and lysine. Ethanol significantly enhanced changes in the surface charge density of the liver cell membranes. Administration of blackcurrant to rats intoxicated with ethanol significantly protected lipids and proteins against oxidative modifications. It is possible that the beneficial effect of blackcurrant is connected with its abilities to scavenge free radicals and to chelate metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izabela Dobrzyńska
- Institute of Chemistry, University in Białystok, Al. Piłsudskiego 11/4, 15-443 Białystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2, 15-230 Białystok, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Figaszewski
- Institute of Chemistry, University in Białystok, Al. Piłsudskiego 11/4, 15-443 Białystok, Poland
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteur St. 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Kundu TK, Velayutham M, Zweier JL. Aldehyde oxidase functions as a superoxide generating NADH oxidase: an important redox regulated pathway of cellular oxygen radical formation. Biochemistry 2012; 51:2930-9. [PMID: 22404107 DOI: 10.1021/bi3000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme aldehyde oxidase (AO) is a member of the molybdenum hydroxylase family that includes xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR); however, its physiological substrates and functions remain unclear. Moreover, little is known about its role in cellular redox stress. Utilizing electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping, we measured the role of AO in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the oxidation of NADH and the effects of inhibitors of AO on NADH-mediated superoxide (O(2)(•−)) generation. NADH was found to be a good substrate for AO with apparent K(m) and V(max) values of 29 μM and 12 nmol min(-1) mg(-1), respectively. From O(2)(•−) generation measurements by cytochrome c reduction the apparent K(m) and V(max) values of NADH for AO were 11 μM and 15 nmol min(-1) mg(-1), respectively. With NADH oxidation by AO, ≥65% of the total electron flux led to O(2)(•−) generation. Diphenyleneiodonium completely inhibited AO-mediated O(2)(•−) production, confirming that this occurs at the FAD site. Inhibitors of this NADH-derived O(2)(•−) generation were studied with amidone the most potent exerting complete inhibition at 100 μM concentration, while 150 μM menadione, raloxifene, or β-estradiol led to 81%, 46%, or 26% inhibition, respectively. From the kinetic data, and the levels of AO and NADH, O(2)(•−) production was estimated to be ~89 and ~4 nM/s in liver and heart, respectively, much higher than that estimated for XOR under similar conditions. Owing to the ubiquitous distribution of NADH, aldehydes, and other endogenous AO substrates, AO is predicted to have an important role in cellular redox stress and related disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K Kundu
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, the Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Zakaria ZA, Abdul Hisam EE, Rofiee MS, Norhafizah M, Somchit MN, Teh LK, Salleh MZ. In vivo antiulcer activity of the aqueous extract of Bauhinia purpurea leaf. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1047-1054. [PMID: 21802502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bauhinia purpurea (Fabaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat various ailments, including ulcers. In order to establish pharmacological properties of the leaf of Bauhinia purpurea, studies were performed on antiulcer activity of the plant's aqueous extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Bauhinia purpurea aqueous extract (BPAE) was prepared in the doses of 100, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg. Antiulcer activity of BPAE was evaluated by absolute ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer, and pyloric ligation models. Acute toxicity was also carried out. RESULTS BPAE, at the dose of 5,000 mg/kg, did not cause any signs of toxicity to rats when given orally. Oral administration of BPAE exhibited antiulcer activity (p<0.05) in all models used. However, the dose-dependent activity was observed only in the absolute ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. Histological studies supported the observed antiulcer activity of BPAE. In pyloric ligation assay, BPAE increased the gastric wall mucus secretion. CONCLUSIONS The BPAE exhibits antiulcer activity, which could be due to the presence of saponins or sugar-free polyphenols, and, thus, confirmed the traditional uses of Bauhinia purpurea in the treatment of ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Chiu PY, Lam PY, Leung HY, Leong PK, Ma CW, Tang QT, Ko KM. Co-treatment with Shengmai San-derived herbal product ameliorates chronic ethanol-induced liver damage in rats. Rejuvenation Res 2011; 14:17-23. [PMID: 21204648 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2010.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Wei Kang Su (WKS) is an antioxidant-enriched herbal product manufactured on the basis of Shengmai San, a well-known traditional Chinese herbal formula. In the present study, we investigated the effects of WKS co-treatment on chronic ethanol toxicity in rats. WKS co-treatment protected against chronic ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, as evidenced by the suppression of plasma enzyme activities and reactive oxygen metabolite levels, as well as the inhibition of hepatic mitochondrial malondialdehyde production in chronic ethanol-intoxicated rats. The hepatoprotection afforded by WKS co-treatment in chronic ethanol-intoxicated rats was associated with a reversal of altered hepatic mitochondrial antioxidant status and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation capacity, as well as heat shock protein 25/70 production. Therefore, WKS may offer the prospect of preventing ethanol-associated liver damage by increasing the resistance of mitochondria to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Yee Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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37
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Lam PY, Chiu PY, Leung HY, Chen N, Leong PK, Ko KM. Schisandrin B co-treatment ameliorates the impairment on mitochondrial antioxidant status in various tissues of long-term ethanol treated rats. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:1239-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sripanidkulchai K, Teepsawang S, Sripanidkulchai B. Protective Effect of Cratoxylum formosum Extract Against Acid/Alcohol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Damage in Rats. J Med Food 2010; 13:1097-103. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Somsuda Teepsawang
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Bungorn Sripanidkulchai
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Alcohol-induced deterioration in primary antioxidant and glutathione family enzymes reversed by exercise training in the liver of old rats. Alcohol 2010; 44:523-9. [PMID: 20705416 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption causes severe hepatic oxidative damage, particularly to old subjects by decreasing various antioxidant enzymes. In this study, we test the hypothesis that exercise training can protect the aging liver against alcohol-induced oxidative damage. Two different age groups of Wistar albino rats (3 months young, n=24; 18 months old, n=24) were evenly divided into four groups: control (Con), exercise trained (Tr, 23 m/min 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 2 months), ethanol drinking/treated (Et, 2.0 g/kg b.w. orally), and exercise training plus ethanol drinking/treated (Tr+Et). We found significantly (P<.001) lowered hepatic antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, selenium (Se)-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSH-Px), Se-non-dependent glutathione peroxidase (non-Se-GSH-Px), glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase activities in aged rats compared with young. Age-related decrease in antioxidant enzyme status was further exacerbated with ethanol drinking, which indicates liver in aged rats is more susceptible to oxidative damage because of decreased free radical scavenging system in aged/old ethanol-drinking rats. However, the decrease in liver antioxidant enzymes status with ethanol consumption was ameliorated by 2 months exercise training in old and young rats. These results demonstrate that age-associated decrease in hepatic free radical scavenging system exacerbated by ethanol drinking. For the first time, we found that this deterioration was significantly reversed by exercise training in aging liver, thus protects against alcohol-induced oxidative damage.
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Dobrzyńska I, Szachowicz-Petelska B, Skrzydlewska E, Figaszewski Z. Effect of L-carnitine on liver cell membranes in ethanol-intoxicated rats. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 188:44-51. [PMID: 20637186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol intoxication is characterized by changes in cell metabolism which alter the structure and function of cell membrane components, including phospholipids and integral membrane proteins. The interaction of food nutrients with ethanol may modulate alcohol toxicity. One such compound is l-carnitine (l-3-hydroxy-4-N,N,N-trimethylaminobutyrate), which is also an antioxidant. Here we investigate l-carnitine as an antioxidant and assess its effect on the composition and electrical charge of liver cell membranes in ethanol-intoxicated rats. Qualitative and quantitative phospholipid composition and the presence of integral membrane proteins were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Electrophoresis was used to determine the surface charge density of the rat liver cell membranes. Ethanol increased phospholipid levels and altered the level of integral proteins as determined by decreased phenylalanine (Phe), cysteine (Cys) and lysine (Lys). Ethanol significantly enhanced changes in the surface charge density of the liver cell membranes. l-Carnitine administration to ethanol-intoxicated rats significantly protects phospholipids and proteins against oxidative modifications. Therefore, the beneficial effect of l-carnitine may be connected to its ability to scavenge free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Dobrzyńska
- Institute of Chemistry, University in Białystok, Al. Piłsudskiego 11/4, 15-443 Białystok, Poland
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Szachowicz-Petelska B, Skrzydlewska E, Figaszewski Z. Changes in Protein Composition in Erythrocyte Membrane of Ethanol—Poisoned Rats After Administration of Teas. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903406979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Augustyniak A, Skrzydlewska E. L-Carnitine in the lipid and protein protection against ethanol-induced oxidative stress. Alcohol 2009; 43:217-23. [PMID: 19250794 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic ethanol intoxication induces oxidative stress participating in the development of many diseases. Nutrition and the interaction of food nutrients with ethanol metabolism may modulate alcohol toxicity. One such compound is l-carnitine (l-3-hydroxy-4-N,N,N-trimethylaminobutyrate), which also reveals antioxidant abilities. The present study has been designed to investigate the effect of l-carnitine as an antioxidant on the serum and liver of rats chronically intoxicated with ethanol. Rats received l-carnitine solution (1.5g/1L) for 5 weeks and/or were treated intragastrically with ethanol for 4 weeks. In the serum and liver, the level of nonenzymatic antioxidants and lipid and protein oxidation markers were determined. It was shown that alcohol caused the increase in the level of lipid peroxidation products-conjugated dienes (by about 70% and 60% in the liver and blood serum, respectively), malondialdehyde (MDA) (by about 60% and 30% in the liver and blood serum, respectively), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) (by about 35% and 25% in the liver and blood serum, respectively), and changes in the level of protein oxidative markers-increase in dityrosine and decrease in tryptophan (by about 40%) in the serum and liver of rats. Moreover, the decrease in vitamin E level (by about 30%) and the level of glutathione (GSH) (by about 20% in the liver and blood serum) was also observed. Administration of l-carnitine to rats intoxicated with ethanol significantly protects lipids and proteins against oxidative modifications in the serum and liver. The level of conjugated dienes, MDA, and 4-HNE was decreased by about 30%, 30%, and 20% in the liver, respectively, and by about 20%, 10%, and 10% in the blood serum in comparison to the ethanol group. Moreover, the level of tryptophan was increased and dityrosine decreased by about 10% and 20% in the liver, respectively, and by about 30% and 10% in the blood serum in comparison to the ethanol group. l-carnitine partially protects nonenzymatic antioxidants against oxidative stress. The level of vitamin E was increased by about 20% and the level of GSH was increased by about 25% in the liver and blood serum in comparison to the ethanol group. It is possible that beneficial effect of l-carnitine is connected with its abilities to scavenge free radicals and to chelate metal ions.
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Ferreira Seiva FR, Amauchi JF, Ribeiro Rocha KK, Souza GA, Ebaid GX, Burneiko RM, Novelli ELB. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on alcohol abstinence and alcohol-induced adverse effects in rats. Alcohol 2009; 43:127-35. [PMID: 19251114 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2008] [Revised: 12/07/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholism is rampant in modern society and some antioxidant compound could perhaps be useful to reduce the damage done by alcohol consumption and abstinence. The present study was undertaken to investigate the association of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) intake, alcoholism, and alcohol abstinence on lipid profile, in vivo low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant status in serum and liver of rats. Initially, male Wistar 30 rats were divided into two groups: (C, N=6) given standard chow and water; (E, N=24) receiving standard chow and aqueous ethanol solution in semi-voluntary research. After 30 days of ethanol exposure, (E) group was divided into four subgroups (N=6/group): (E-E) continued drinking 30% ethanol solution; (E-NAC) drinking ethanol solution containing 2 g/L NAC; (AB) changed ethanol solution to water; (AB-NAC) changed ethanol to aqueous solution 2 g/L NAC. After 15 days of the E-group division, E-E rats had higher serum alanine transaminase, lower body weight, and surface area, despite higher energy intake than C. E-E rats had also lower feed efficiency, dyslipidemia with enhanced triacylglycerol, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), lipid hydroperoxide (LH) and in vivo oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL). AB, E-NAC, and AB-NAC rats ameliorated serum oxidative stress markers and normalized serum lipids. E-E rats had higher hepatic LH and lower reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio than C, indicating hepatic oxidative stress. AB and E-NAC rats normalized hepatic LH, GSSG, and the GSH/GSSG ratio, compared to E-E. AB-NAC rats had the lowest serum ox-LDL, hepatic LH levels, and the highest GSH reductase activity in hepatic tissue. In conclusion, the present study brought new insights into alcohol consumption, because ethanol exposure enhanced serum in vivo ox-LDL, as well as serum and hepatic oxidative stress. N-acetylcysteine offers promising therapeutic value to inhibit ethanol-induced adverse effects. Ethanol withdrawal had beneficial effects on serum lipids, but was more effective when coupled with NAC supplementation. Ethanol abstinence and NAC intake interact synergistically, improving serum lipids and hepatic antioxidant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira Seiva
- Department of Clinical and Cardiology, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University, UNESP, 18618-000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Effects of various drugs on alcohol-induced oxidative stress in the liver. Molecules 2008; 13:2249-59. [PMID: 18830154 PMCID: PMC6245383 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13092249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The major aim of this work was to investigate how alcohol-induced oxidative stress in combined chemotherapy changes the metabolic function of the liver in experimental animals. This research was conducted to establish how bromocriptine, haloperidol and azithromycin, applied to the experimental model, affected the antioxidative status of the liver. The following parameters were determined: reduced glutathione, activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, peroxidase, catalase, xanthine oxidase and lipid peroxidation intensity. Alanine transaminase was measured in serum. Alcohol stress (AO group) reduced glutathione and the activity of xanthine oxidase and glutathione peroxidase, but increased catalase and alanine transaminase activity. The best protective effect was achieved with the bromocriptine (AB1 group), while other groups had similar effects on the studied parameters.
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46
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Luczaj W, Welerowicz T, Skrzydlewska E, Buszewski B. Chromatographic Examinations of Tea's Protection Against Lipid Oxidative Modifications. Toxicol Mech Methods 2008; 18:483-490. [PMID: 19696910 PMCID: PMC2729157 DOI: 10.1080/15376510701624050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol metabolism is accompanied by generation of free radicals that damage cell components, especially lipids. The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of the preventive effect of black tea on the lipid oxidative modifications in different tissues (plasma, liver, brain, kidney, stomach, lung, intestine, and spleen) of 12-month-old rats chronically intoxicated with ethanol. Ethanol intoxication caused changes in the level/activity of antioxidants that led to the significant increase in the level of lipid oxidative modification products. Oxidative modifications were estimated by measuring lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde, and 4-hydroxynonenal by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and by spectrophotometric determination of conjugated dienes. These lipid-modification marker levels were increased in almost all examined tissues (3%–71%) after ethanol intoxication. Described changes were in accordance with the liver level of the most often used marker of arachidonic acid oxidation, isoprostane (8-isoPGF2α), determined by the LC/MS system. Administration of black tea to ethanol-intoxicated rats remarkably prevents the significant increase (by about 15%–42%) in concentrations of all measured parameters regarding all examined tissues, but especially the plasma, liver, brain, stomach, and spleen. The preventive effect of black tea in the other organs (kidney, lung, intestine) caused a decrease in examined markers in a smaller degree (by about 7%–28%). To determine in the liver the major constituents of black tea mainly responsible for antioxidative action such as catechins and theaflavins, which were absorbed in organism, the present study indicates their protective effect against ethanol-induced oxidative modifications of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Luczaj
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Poland
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Maia L, Duarte RO, Ponces-Freire A, Moura JJG, Mira L. NADH oxidase activity of rat and human liver xanthine oxidoreductase: potential role in superoxide production. J Biol Inorg Chem 2007; 12:777-87. [PMID: 17440754 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-007-0229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To characterise the NADH oxidase activity of both xanthine dehydrogenase (XD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) forms of rat liver xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and to evaluate the potential role of this mammalian enzyme as an O2*- source, kinetics and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic studies were performed. A steady-state kinetics study of XD showed that it catalyses NADH oxidation, leading to the formation of one O2*- molecule and half a H(2)O(2) molecule per NADH molecule, at rates 3 times those observed for XO (29.2 +/- 1.6 and 9.38 +/- 0.31 min(-1), respectively). EPR spectra of NADH-reduced XD and XO were qualitatively similar, but they were quantitatively quite different. While NADH efficiently reduced XD, only a great excess of NADH reduced XO. In agreement with reductive titration data, the XD specificity constant for NADH (8.73 +/- 1.36 microM(-1) min(-1)) was found to be higher than that of the XO specificity constant (1.07 +/- 0.09 microM(-1) min(-1)). It was confirmed that, for the reducing substrate xanthine, rat liver XD is also a better O2*- source than XO. These data show that the dehydrogenase form of liver XOR is, thus, intrinsically more efficient at generating O2*- than the oxidase form, independently of the reducing substrate. Most importantly, for comparative purposes, human liver XO activity towards NADH oxidation was also studied, and the kinetics parameters obtained were found to be very similar to those of the XO form of rat liver XOR, foreseeing potential applications of rat liver XOR as a model of the human liver enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Maia
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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Dinu D, Nechifor MT, Movileanu L. Ethanol-induced alterations of the antioxidant defense system in rat kidney. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2006; 19:386-95. [PMID: 16421892 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report here the effects of chronic ethanol consumption on the antioxidant defense system in rat kidney. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided in two identical groups and were treated as follows: control group (water for fluid) and the ethanol-fed group (2 g/kg body weight/24 h). The animals were sacrificed after 10 weeks, and respectively 30 weeks of ethanol consumption, and the renal tissue was isolated and analyzed. Results revealed that kidney alcohol dehydrogenase activities increased significantly after ethanol administration, but the electrophoretic pattern of alcohol dehydrogenase isoforms was unmodified. The SDS polyacrylamidegel electrophoretic study of kidney proteins has revealed the appearance of two new protein bands after long-term ethanol consumption. The kidney reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio decreased, indicating an oxidative stress response due to ethanol ingestion. The malondialdehyde contents and xanthine oxidase activities were unchanged. The antioxidant enzymatic defense system showed a different response during the two periods of ethanol administration. After 10 weeks, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were activated, while superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase levels were stationary. After 30 weeks, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were unmodified, but catalase, glutathione transferase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were significantly increased. Remarkable changes have been registered after 30 weeks of ethanol administration for glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities, including an increase by 106 and 216' of control values, respectively. These results showed specific changes in rat kidney antioxidant system and glutathione status as a consequence of long-term ethanol administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Dinu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest 050095, Romania
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Skrzydlewska E, Augustyniak A, Michalak K, Farbiszewski R. Green tea supplementation in rats of different ages mitigates ethanol-induced changes in brain antioxidant abilities. Alcohol 2005; 37:89-98. [PMID: 16584972 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2005.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2005] [Revised: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 12/21/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by chronic ethanol consumption, particularly in aging subjects, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxidants with polyphenol structures, such as those contained in green tea, given alone for 5 weeks in liquid Lieber de Carli diet followed by administration with ethanol for 4 weeks with ethanol have been investigated as potential therapeutic antioxidant agents in the brain in rats of three ages (2, 12, and 24 months). Ethanol consumption caused age-dependent decreases in brain superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase activities. In addition, ethanol consumption caused age-dependent decreases in the levels of GSH, selenium, vitamins, E, A and C, and beta-carotene and increases in the levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Changes in the brain's antioxidative ability were accompanied by enhanced oxidative modification of lipids (increases in lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde, and 4-hydroxynonenal levels) and proteins (increases in carbonyl groups and bistyrosine). Reduced risk of oxidative stress and protection of the central nervous system, particularly in young and adult rats, after green tea supplementation were observed. Green tea partially prevented changes in antioxidant enzymatic as well as nonenzymatic parameters induced by ethanol and enhanced by aging. Administration of green tea significantly protects lipids and proteins against oxidative modifications in the brain tissue of young and adult rats. The beneficial effect of green tea can result from the inhibition of free radical chain reactions generated during ethanol-induced oxidative stress and/or from green tea-induced increases in antioxidative abilities made possible by increases in the activity/concentration of endogenous antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland.
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Dobrzyńska I, Szachowicz-Petelska B, Ostrowska J, Skrzydlewska E, Figaszewski Z. Protective effect of green tea on erythrocyte membrane of different age rats intoxicated with ethanol. Chem Biol Interact 2005; 156:41-53. [PMID: 16098958 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2005.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2005] [Revised: 07/08/2005] [Accepted: 07/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is known that aging is characterized by changes in cell metabolism resulting in modification of the structure and function of cell membrane components which is mainly the consequence of reactive oxygen species action. These disturbances are also enhanced by different xenobiotics, e.g. ethanol. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to examine green tea influence on total antioxidant status (TAS) and on composition and electric charge of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids in ethanol intoxicated rats of various ages. Antioxidant abilities of erythrocytes were estimated by measuring TAS. Qualitative and quantitative composition of phospholipids in the membrane was determined by HPLC, while the extent of erythrocytes lipid peroxidation was estimated by HPLC measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) levels. Electrophoresis was used to determine the surface charge density of the rat erythrocyte membrane. It was shown that the process of aging was accompanied by a decrease in TAS and in the total amount of phospholipids as well as by enhancement of lipid peroxidation and increase in surface charge density of erythrocyte membrane. Ethanol administration caused, in term, decrease in TAS and increase in the level of all phospholipids and lipid peroxidation products. Ethanol as well significantly enhanced changes in surface charge density of erythrocyte membrane. The ingestion of green tea partially prevented decrease in erythrocyte antioxidant abilities observed during aging and ethanol intoxication. Moreover, long-term drinking of green tea protects the structure of the erythrocytes membrane disturbed during aging process and/or chronic ethanol intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Dobrzyńska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Al. Piłsudskiego 11/4, 15-443 Białystok, Poland
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