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de Fraga LS, da Silva RSM, Zancan DM. Control of carbohydrate metabolism in an anoxia-tolerant nervous system. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL GENETICS AND PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 313:539-547. [PMID: 20960558 DOI: 10.1002/jez.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Anoxia-tolerant animal models are crucial to understand protective mechanisms during low oxygen excursions. As glycogen is the main fermentable fuel supporting energy production during oxygen tension reduction, understanding glycogen metabolism can provide important insights about processes involved in anoxia survival. In this report we studied carbohydrate metabolism regulation in the central nervous system (CNS) of an anoxia-tolerant land snail during experimental anoxia exposure and subsequent reoxygenation. Glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis from glucose, and the key enzymes of glycogen metabolism, glycogen synthase (GS) and glycogen phosphorylase (GP), were analyzed. When exposed to anoxia, the nervous ganglia of the snail achieved a sustained glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis levels, which seems important to maintain neural homeostasis. However, the activities of GS and GP were reduced, indicating a possible metabolic depression in the CNS. During the aerobic recovery period, the enzyme activities returned to basal values. The possible strategies used by Megalobulimus abbreviatus CNS to survive anoxia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Stürmer de Fraga
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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De Fraga LS, Da Silva RSM, Achaval M, Zancan DM. Carbohydrate metabolism in the central nervous system of the megalobulimus oblongus snail during anoxia exposure and post-anoxia recovery. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 2004; 301:968-78. [PMID: 15562446 DOI: 10.1002/jez.a.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of anoxic exposure and the post-anoxia aerobic recovery period on carbohydrate metabolism in the central nervous system (CNS) of the land snail Megalobulimus oblongus, an anoxia-tolerant land gastropod, were studied. The snails were exposed to anoxia for periods of 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 18, or 24 hr. In order to study the post-anoxia recovery phase, snails exposed to a 3-hr period of anoxia were returned to aerobic conditions for 1.5, 3, 6, or 15 hr. Glycogen and glucose concentrations in the CNS, hemolymph glucose concentration, and glycogen phosphorylase (active form, GPa) activity in the CNS were analyzed. Anoxia does not significantly affect the concentration of CNS glucose but induces hyperglycemia and a reduction of CNS GPa activity. The glycogen concentration was decreased at 12 hr of anoxia; however, by 18 and 24 hr in anoxia, the glycogen content was not significantly different from basal control values. During the post-anoxia period, the reduction in GPa activity and the increased hemolymph glucose concentration induced by anoxia returned to control values. These results suggest that the CNS of M. oblongus may use hemolymph glucose to fulfill the metabolic demands during anoxia. However, the hypothesis of tissue metabolic arrest cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano S De Fraga
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Laboratório de Neurobiologia Comparada e Laboratório de Metabolismo e Endocrinologia de Invertebrados, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Borges E, Vuaden FC, Cognato GDP, Fauth MDG, Bonan CD, Turcato G, Rossi ICDC, Dias RD. Effects of starvation on haemolymphatic glucose levels, glycogen contents and nucleotidase activities in different tissues ofHelix aspersa(Müller, 1774) (mollusca, gastropoda). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 301:891-7. [PMID: 15673110 DOI: 10.1002/jez.a.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the glucose concentration in the haemolymph and glycogen levels were determined in the various body parts of the Helix aspersa snail after feeding lettuce ad libitum and after various periods of starvation. To characterize the effect of starvation on nucleotidase activity, enzyme assays were performed on membranes of the nervous ganglia and digestive gland. Results demonstrated the maintenance of the haemolymph glucose concentration for up to 30 days of starvation, probably due to the consumption of glycogen from the mantle. In the nervous ganglia, depletion of glycogen occurs progressively during the different periods of starvation. No significant changes were observed on ATP and ADP hydrolysis in the membranes of nervous ganglia and no alterations in Ca2+ -ATPase and Mg2+ -ATPase occurred in the membranes of the digestive gland of H. aspersa during the different periods of starvation. Although there were no changes in the enzyme activities during starvation, they could be modulated by effectors in situ with concomitant changes in products/reactants during starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Borges
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa postal 1429, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Gricourt L, Bonnec G, Boujard D, Mathieu M, Kellner K. Insulin-like system and growth regulation in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas: hrIGF-1 effect on protein synthesis of mantle edge cells and expression of an homologous insulin receptor-related receptor. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2003; 134:44-56. [PMID: 13129502 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-6480(03)00217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of molecules belonging to the insulin/IGF family in regulation of growth has been investigated in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. In vitro biological effects of human recombinant IGF-1 (hrIGF-1) on mantle edge cells, involved in oyster shell and soft body growth, were studied over an annual cycle. In mantle edge cells hrIGF-1 stimulates protein synthesis of 56+/-5.1% over basal for 10(-10) M in September with in addition a clear dose-effect corresponding to the highest shell growth period, and 57.5+/-3.45% over basal for 10(-11) M in March and 51+/-5.4% over basal for 10(-10) M in April corresponding to the period of mantle growth. These insulin-like effects were associated with the expression of a recently identified C. gigas insulin receptor-related receptor (CIR) in mantle edge cells as demonstrated by RT-PCR. Moreover, in situ hybridisation (ISH) confirmed this expression at the level of the inner and outer epithelia involved in mantle growth and shell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gricourt
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Biotechnologies Marines, EA 962, UMR IFREMER Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen Cedex 14032, France
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DANTON EMMANUELLE, KIYOMOTO MASATO, KOMARU AKIRA, WADA KATSUHIKOT, AWAJI MASAHIKO, MATHIEU MICHEL. Comparative analysis of storage tissue and insulin-like neurosecretion in diploid and triploid musselsMytilus galloprovincialisLMK in relation to their gametogenesis cycle. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.1996.9672493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kellner-Cousin K, Mialhe E, Mathieu M. Identification of insulin-like peptides in cerebral ganglia neurosecretory cells of the mussel Mytilus edulis. Tissue Cell 1994; 26:891-9. [PMID: 7886675 DOI: 10.1016/0040-8166(94)90038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The immunostaining patterns of cerebral ganglia sections from the mussel Mytilus edulis with monoclonal antibodies raised against cerebral ganglia (CG) extracts were compared to those obtained with various polyclonal anti-insulin-like antibodies. One of the monoclonal antibodies (MAB 46) revealed clusters of positive cells in localization comparable to those revealed by the polyclonal antibodies. The nature of the antigen recognized by MAB 46 and the polyclonal antibodies was compared by gel filtration-HPLC of a cerebral ganglia extract. Similar peaks were revealed by the monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. MAB 46 significantly inhibited the cerebral ganglia induced stimulation of amino-acid incorporation by mantle edge cell suspensions, suggesting that the antigen recognized by MAB 46 is involved in the control of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kellner-Cousin
- Equipe de recherche marine associée à IFREMERURM 14, Laboratoire de Biologie et Biotechnologies marines, IBBA, Caen, France
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Franchini A, Ottaviani E. Intestinal cell types in the freshwater snail planorbarius corneus: Histochemical, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural observations. Tissue Cell 1992; 24:387-96. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-8166(92)90055-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/1991] [Revised: 02/14/1992] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Saavedra JM, Juorio AV, Shigematsu K, Pinto JE. Specific insulin binding sites in snail (Helix aspersa) ganglia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 1989; 9:273-9. [PMID: 2663169 DOI: 10.1007/bf00713034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
1. Insulin binding sites were characterized and quantified in snail (Helix aspersa) ganglia by incubation of tissue sections with 125I-porcine insulin, autoradiography with [3H]Ultrofilm, image analysis coupled to computer-assisted microdensitometry, and comparison with 125I-standards. Cellular localization was performed in the same sections by emulsion autoradiography. 2. Specific insulin binding sites were demonstrated in discretely localized groups of neurons of the cerebral, pleural, parietal, visceral, and pedal ganglia and in nerves. Scatchard analysis performed with consecutive sections from single animals revealed a single class of high-affinity insulin binding sites (Kd, 0.13 +/- 0.01 nM; Bmax, 157 +/- 10 fmol/mg protein). 3. Our results suggest that insulin may play a role as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in snail ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Saavedra
- Section on Pharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Wijsman TC, Maaskant JJ, Balm P, Klijnstra J. Hyperglycaemia in relation to anoxia and stress in the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(88)90261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Plisetskaya EM, Deyrup-Olsen I. An insulin-like substance in the blood of the slug Prophysaon foliolatum (Arionidae) in the course of tail regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(87)90400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gabbott P, Whittle M. Glycogen synthetase in the sea mussel Mytilus edulis L.—II. Seasonal changes in glycogen content and glycogen synthetase activity in the mantle tissue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(86)90353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Attention is focused on the similarities in primary structure of the egg-laying neurohormone of the pulmonate Lymnaea stagnalis and of the opisthobranch Aplysia californica which both consist of 36 amino acid residues. FMRFamide-like peptides have now been isolated and sequenced from six molluscan species. Besides FMRFamide, two closely related peptides were isolated from the central nervous system of L. stagnalis and sequenced. This indicates that a family of FMRFamide-like peptides exist not only in the molluscs, but also within one species. A molluscan growth hormone, isolated from the brain of L. stagnalis, has been characterized. This small peptide hormone stimulates in vitro a receptor-adenylate cyclase system of mantle edge cells and in vivo the Ca2+-incorporation in the shell edge. The biochemical characterization of three vertebrate-like peptides of L. stagnalis, resembling oxytocin, Arg-vasopressin, and insulin, confirms the immunological findings that gastropods contain peptides which are structurally closely related to mammalian peptides.
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14
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Messenger RNA sequence and primary structure of preproinsulin in a primitive vertebrate, the Atlantic hagfish. J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)69003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Martin P, Shearn A. Development ofDrosophila imaginal discs in vitro: Effects of ecdysone concentration and insulin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402110306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Inui Y, Yu JY, Gorbman A. Effect of bovine insulin on the incorporation of [14C]glycine into protein and carbohydrate in liver and muscle of hagfish, Eptatretus stouti. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1978; 36:133-41. [PMID: 730034 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(78)90058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Plisetskaya E, Kazakov VK, Soltitskaya L, Leibson LG. Insulin-producing cells in the gut of freshwater bivalve molluscs Anodonta cygnea and Unio pictorum and the role of insulin in the regulation of their carbohydrate metabolism. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1978; 35:133-45. [PMID: 669251 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(78)90155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Liebsch M, Becker W, Gagelmann G. An improvement of blood sampling technique for Biomphalaria glabrata using anaesthesia and long-term relaxation and the role of this method in studies of the regulation of hemolymph glucose. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(78)90201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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