1
|
Farrell HM, Jimenez-Flores R, Bleck GT, Brown EM, Butler JE, Creamer LK, Hicks CL, Hollar CM, Ng-Kwai-Hang KF, Swaisgood HE. Nomenclature of the Proteins of Cows’ Milk—Sixth Revision. J Dairy Sci 2004; 87:1641-74. [PMID: 15453478 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 736] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This report of the American Dairy Science Association Committee on the Nomenclature, Classification, and Methodology of Milk Proteins reviews changes in the nomenclature of milk proteins necessitated by recent advances of our knowledge of milk proteins. Identification of major caseins and whey proteins continues to be based upon their primary structures. Nomenclature of the immunoglobulins consistent with new international standards has been developed, and all bovine immunoglobulins have been characterized at the molecular level. Other significant findings related to nomenclature and protein methodology are elucidation of several new genetic variants of the major milk proteins, establishment by sequencing techniques and sequence alignment of the bovine caseins and whey proteins as the reference point for the nomenclature of all homologous milk proteins, completion of crystallographic studies for major whey proteins, and advances in the study of lactoferrin, allowing it to be added to the list of fully characterized milk proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M Farrell
- US Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mousavi M, Rabbani H, Pilström L, Hammarström L. Characterization of the gene for the membrane and secretory form of the IgM heavy-chain constant region gene (C mu) of the cow (Bos taurus). Immunology 1998; 93:581-8. [PMID: 9659232 PMCID: PMC1364138 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1998.00444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our present understanding of the evolution of immunoglobulins is derived from a few vertebrate species. In order to obtain additional information on the development of the humoral immune system, we cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of the bovine cDNA and genomic IgM heavy-chain constant region gene (C mu). The gene contains four constant region domain-encoding exons (CH1 to CH4) and two exons encoding the transmembrane domain (TM1, TM2), expressed in the membrane-bound receptor form of the IgM. The sequence of a cDNA clone encoding the 3' portion of the membrane form of the mu-chain revealed that the TM1 exon is spliced to the CH4 exon, as occurs in other mammals. Comparison of deduced amino acid sequence data from different vertebrates revealed a high similarity to sheep C mu (88%) and a lower degree of similarity to pig (62%), rat (62%), rabbit (58%) human (56%), hamster (55%), mouse (54%), chicken (28%) and horned shark (22%) C mu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Mousavi
- Department of Biosciences, NOVUM, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Elagamy E, Ruppanner R, Ismail A, Champagne C, Assaf R. Purification and characterization of lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme and immunoglobulins from camel's milk. Int Dairy J 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0958-6946(94)00055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
4
|
MUKKUR T, INMAN F. Relative importance of salmonella-specific antibody isotypes in phagocytosis of Salmonella typhimurium by ovine mammary neutrophils. Res Vet Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(18)31138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
5
|
Abstract
IgM is present in cows milk, is able to bind secretory component (SC), has a purported role as a secretory immunoglobulin in other species and has been identified with various antibody functions in cows milk. To determine the origin of cows milk IgM, we administered extrinsic 131I-IgM to lactating cows with cannulated bile and parotid ducts and studied the kinetics of its disappearance from serum and its appearance in milk, bile and parotid saliva for 60 hr post-injection. Pentameric IgM appeared to require a long equilibration time and disappeared from serum with a T1/2 of 40 hr. The transport of IgM into bile also appeared biphasic. Results showed that no 131I-IgM was transported intact into parotid saliva and that most radioactivity in milk and bile after 6 hr was in the form of low mol. wt, TCA-precipitable fragments rather than of the size of a pentamer. During the first 24 hr only 0.83% of the administered dose reached the milk in pentameric form, nevertheless, isotope dilution calculations indicated that nearly all milk IgM was derived from serum. During a 12 hr collection period, corresponding to one milking, greater than 200 mg of serum IgM is secreted in milk. During the first 24 hr, only 0.70% of the administered IgM reached the bile as a pentamer. It was calculated that 50% of the pentameric IgM in bile, 3 hr after administration, was serum-derived. Twenty-five per cent of the IgM appearing in bile and ca 10% of the IgM appearing milk, becomes associated with secretory component. A hypothesis to explain the degradation associated with this inefficient transport mechanism is presented.
Collapse
|
6
|
Eigel W, Butler J, Ernstrom C, Farrell H, Harwalkar V, Jenness R, Whitney RM. Nomenclature of Proteins of Cow's Milk: Fifth Revision. J Dairy Sci 1984. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(84)81485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 635] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
7
|
|
8
|
Fleenor WA, Lucas DO, Stott GH, Guidry AJ. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to bovine IgG1. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1984; 6:365-78. [PMID: 6385466 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(84)90061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies were developed to bovine IgG1. In addition, production of monoclonal antibodies to bovine light chain is also reported. Monoclonal antibody specificities were initially determined by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. The monoclonal antibovine IgG1 was shown by a specificity-independent isotyping solid-phase enzyme immunoassay to be mouse IgG1 with kappa light chains. Ascites derived monoclonal antibovine IgG1 antibodies were linked to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose and used for affinity isolation of bovine IgG1. The bovine IgG1 eluted from the affinity column was characterized using immuno-electrophoresis, acrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. Affinity chromatography using monoclonal antibodies provided both a verification of monoclonal antibody specificity and a rapid technique for the isolation of bovine IgG1. This technique may also be employed to remove IgG1 contaminants during purification of bovine IgA.
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Kurogi H, Inaba Y, Takahashi E, Sato K, Satoda K. Congenital abnormalities in newborn calves after inoculation of pregnant cows with Akabane virus. Infect Immun 1977; 17:338-43. [PMID: 892909 PMCID: PMC421124 DOI: 10.1128/iai.17.2.338-343.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A fresh isolate of Akabane virus was inoculated intravenously into 11 seronegative pregnant cows at 62 to 96 days of gestation. Two of the cows were slaughtered 18 days post-inoculation, and the fetuses were examined; the remaining cows were allowed to give birth. All the inoculated cows developed viremia and neutralizing antibody for the virus, indicating that the cows were actually infected with the virus, although fever or any other clinical abnormalities were not noted. The virus further infected the fetuses. This was proved by virus isolation in one of the two fetuses from the slaughtered cows, and polymyositis was noted in both fetuses. Six of seven calves born alive had anti-Akabane antibody in their precolostral sera, indicating that in utero infection with the virus took place in these calves. Some of the in utero-infected calves demonstrated congenital abnormalities such as cerebral defect, hydranencephaly, and arthrogryposis. These findings provide additional evidence that Akabane virus is the etiological agent of epizootic abortion and congenital arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly syndrome in cattle.
Collapse
|
11
|
Haustein D, Himmelspach K, Funck T. Isolation and dynamic hapten binding properties of 2,4,6-triphenyl-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-pyridinium (THP-) specific antibodies from bovine colostrum--I. 7S and 19S anti-THP antibodies. Preparation, Characterization and analytical application of immunoadsorption. IMMUNOCHEMISTRY 1977; 14:353-9. [PMID: 340379 DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(77)90236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
12
|
Mukkur TK, Fang WD. Binding properties of bovine colostral anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and its subunits. IMMUNOCHEMISTRY 1977; 14:63-7. [PMID: 849875 DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(77)90335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
13
|
Kanno C, Emmons D, Harwalkar V, Elliott J. Purification and Characterization of the Agglutinating Factor for Lactic Streptococci from Bovine Milk: IgM-Immunoglobulin. J Dairy Sci 1976. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(76)84485-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
14
|
Wie SI, Kelly KA, Froese A. Properties of bovine colostral IgG1 anti-DNP antibodies--I. Isolation and binding studies. IMMUNOCHEMISTRY 1976; 13:689-95. [PMID: 786859 DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(76)90210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
15
|
Abstract
The protein fraction in the first peak obtained by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration of normal bovine serum was reduced with 2-mercaptoethanol, alkylated with iodoactamide and recycled on a Sephadex G-200 column. The resultant chromatogram indicated the presence of two peaks the second of which was found to be pure monomeric IgM. Immunization of rabbits with the second peak protein resulted in the production of an antiserum with both heavy and light-chain activity. The light-chain activity was simply removed by absorption of the antiserum with glutaraldehyde-polymerized material obtained from the second peak of the initial Sephadex G-200 eluate, yielding an antiserum monospecific for the heavy chain of the IgM molecule.
Collapse
|
16
|
Whitney RM, Brunner JR, Ebner KE, Farrell HM, Josephson RV, Morr CV, Swaisgood HE. Nomemclature of the proteins of cow's milk: fourth revision. J Dairy Sci 1976; 59:795-815. [PMID: 57970 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(76)84280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This report reviews the nomenclature of the milk proteins of cow's milk in light of more recent advances in our knowledge. With the establishment of the primary structures of a number of these proteins, we now have a definite identification of alphas1-, kappa-, beta-, and the gamma-caseins as well as beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin. On the basis of new information on their primary structures and relationship to beta-casein polymorphs, changes in nomenclature have been recommended for proteins of the gamma-casein fraction. Although the primary structure serves as the unambiguous definition of proteins for which it is known, a more practical identification is necessary. We recommend that their behavior in gel electrophoresis under suitable conditions be employed for this purpose for all of the "major" milk proteins of raw skim milk except the immunoglobulins where, because of their heterogeneity and molecular genetics, physical parameters are less useful and their identification must be based upon antigenic determinants and their homology with their human counterparts. More work is needed and, with the accumulation of more information, additional changes in nomenclature can be expected for such proteins as the minor components of alphas- and kappa-caseins, alpha-lactalbumin, and the proteose-peptone fraction as well as further confirmation of the presence of immunoglobulins IgE and additional IgG subclasses. Additional components and genetic variants also can be expected.
Collapse
|
17
|
Fey H, Pfister H, Messerli J, Sturzenegger N, Grolimund F. Methods of isolation, purification and quantitation of bovine immunoglobulins: a technical review. ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN. REIHE B. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. SERIES B 1976; 23:269-300. [PMID: 820139 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1976.tb00682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
18
|
Fang WD, Mukkur TK. Physiochemical characterization of proteolytic cleavage fragments of bovine colostral immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1). Biochem J 1976; 155:25-30. [PMID: 779768 PMCID: PMC1172798 DOI: 10.1042/bj1550025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Normal bovine colostral immunoglobulin G1 was subjected to enzymic digestion (pepsin, papain and trypsin) and the resulting fragments separated by a combination of molecularsieve and phosphocellulose chromatography. Fragments F(ab')2 derived from peptic digestion, fragment Fab from papain digestion and fragment Fab(t) from tryptic digestion showed complete antigenic identity with each other. Although fragment F(ab')2 (peptic digestion) had a sedimentation coefficient (S2o,w) of 5.3S, those for fragments Fab' (peptic digestion), Fab (papain digestion) and Fab(t) (tryptic digestion) were found to be 3.9S, 3.7S and 3.7S respectively. The mol.wts. calculated for the various fragments from the sedimentation equilibrium data were: F(ab')2, 104000 +/-200; Fab', 51900+/-340; Fab, 50900+/-230; Fab(t) 50900+/-300. Fragment Fc' (peptic digestion) had an S20,w of 3.2S and a mol. wt. of 42900+/-650; fragment Fc (papain digestion) had an SI0,w of 3.7S and a mol.wt. of 50800+/-300; fragment Fc(t) had an S20,w of 3.7S and a mol.wt. of 50800+/-300; fragment Fc(t) had an S20,w of 3.7S and a mol.wt. of 50800+/-450.
Collapse
|
19
|
Tewari UJ, Mukkur TK. Isolation and physico-chemical characterization of bovine serum and colostral immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses. IMMUNOCHEMISTRY 1975; 12:925-30. [PMID: 815167 DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(75)90254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
20
|
Komar R, Abson EC, Mukkur TK. Isolation and characterization of immunoglobulin A (IgA) from bovine nasal secretions. IMMUNOCHEMISTRY 1975; 12:323-7. [PMID: 811549 DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(75)90183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
21
|
Lisowski J, Janusz M, Tyran B, Morawiecki A, Go⌈ab S, Bia⌈kowska H. Immunoglobulins of colostrum—IV: Comparative studies of bovine serum and colostral IgG1 and IgG2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(75)90113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
22
|
Beale D. A porcine immunoglobulin Fcmu polymer that has no J chain. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 351:13-20. [PMID: 4209401 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(74)90061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
23
|
Cambier JC, Butler JE. A rapid method for the purification of immunoglobulin M (IgM) from the sera of certain mammalian species. PREPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 4:31-46. [PMID: 4209385 DOI: 10.1080/00327487408068184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
24
|
Mukkur TK, Szewczuk MR, Schmidt DE. Determination of total affinity constant for heterogeneous hapten-antibody interactions. IMMUNOCHEMISTRY 1974; 11:9-13. [PMID: 4855727 DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(74)90336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
25
|
Mukkur TK, Tewari UJ. Physico-chemical and biological properties of the subunits of bovine colostral anti-DNP immunoglobulin M (IgM). IMMUNOCHEMISTRY 1973; 10:477-9. [PMID: 4737536 DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(73)90020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
26
|
Kumar S, Mikolajcik EM. Selected physico-chemical characteristics of bovine colostrum immunoglobulin. J Dairy Sci 1973; 56:255-8. [PMID: 4690249 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(73)85157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
27
|
Mukkur TK. Valence and association constant of bovine colostral immunoglobulin M antibody (IgM). IMMUNOCHEMISTRY 1972; 9:1049-55. [PMID: 5076348 DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(72)90074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
28
|
|
29
|
Beale D, Buttress N. Structural studies on bovine immunoglobulin M. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 257:372-83. [PMID: 4623340 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(72)90289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
30
|
Butler JE, Maxwell CF. Preparation of bovine immunoglobulins and free secretory component and their specific antisera. J Dairy Sci 1972; 55:151-64. [PMID: 4627643 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(72)85453-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|