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Kempińska D, Chmiel T, Kot-Wasik A, Mróz A, Mazerska Z, Namieśnik J. State of the art and prospects of methods for determination of lipophilicity of chemical compounds. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Fikri K, Debord J, Bollinger JC, Cledat D, Penicaut B, Robert JMH. RP-HPLC LIPOPHILICITY STUDIES FOR SOME (HETERO)ARYLAMIDES DERIVED FROM 2-AMINO 4,6-DIMETHYL PYRIDINE: INTRODUCTION OF AN HYDROGEN-BOND DESCRIPTOR. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.570842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Fikri
- a Faculté des Sciences, Université de Limoges, Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé & Thérapeutiques , Limoges, France
- b Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé & Thérapeutiques , Limoges, France
| | - Jean Debord
- c Service de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Hôpital Dupuytren , Limoges, France
| | - Jean-Claude Bollinger
- a Faculté des Sciences, Université de Limoges, Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé & Thérapeutiques , Limoges, France
| | - Dominique Cledat
- b Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé & Thérapeutiques , Limoges, France
| | - Bernard Penicaut
- b Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé & Thérapeutiques , Limoges, France
| | - Jean-Michel H. Robert
- d Université de Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections de l'Immunité et du Cancer, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques , Nantes, France
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Ross TL, Honer M, Lam PYH, Mindt TL, Groehn V, Schibli R, Schubiger PA, Ametamey SM. Fluorine-18 click radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluation of a new 18F-labeled folic acid derivative. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 19:2462-70. [PMID: 19053298 DOI: 10.1021/bc800356r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The folate receptor (FR) is highly expressed on most epithelial cancer cells, while normal cells show only restricted expression of FR. As a result, the FR is an ideal target for receptor-based molecular imaging and therapy of cancer and has become a promising target in oncology. To date, several folate-based chemotherapeutics and imaging probes such as radiopharmaceuticals for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) have been developed. However, an (18)F-labeled folic acid derivative suitable for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging that can be routinely applied is still lacking. In this study, a new fluorinated and radiofluorinated folic acid derivative, (18/19)F-click folate, was synthesized using click chemistry. In a convenient and very efficient two-step radiosynthesis, the isolated (18)F-click folate was obtained in good radiochemical yields of 25-35% with a specific activity of 160+/-70 GBq/micromol after <or=90 min synthesis time. The new compound was pharmacologically evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The affinity of the non-radioactive (19)F-click folate to the FR was determined in displacement studies with FR expressing KB tumor cells using (3)H-folic acid. In these in vitro binding studies, a nanomolar affinity with a K(i) of 9.76+/-3.13 nM was found for (19)F-click folate. The (18)F-labeled click folate derivative was then applied for in vivo PET studies and ex vivo biodistribution experiments using nude mice bearing KB tumor xenografts. The post mortem dissection experiments showed a high specific uptake of (18)F-click folate derivative in FR-expressing tissues. Uptake in KB tumor xenografts and kidneys (FR-positive tissue) amounted to 3.13%ID/g (94% specific blockade) and 16.53%ID/g (75% specific blockade), respectively. PET imaging using (18)F-click folate permitted a visualization of KB tumors, and blockade studies confirmed the specific accumulation of the radiotracer in vivo. However, strong hepatobiliary excretion of the new tracer led to elevated accumulation of radioactivity in the abdominal region. In conclusion, the click chemistry approach is convenient to accomplish and provided high radiochemical yields of (18)F-click folate. The new tracer showed good in vitro but limited in vivo properties. Ultimately, the (18)F-click folate emphasizes the potential of (18)F-labeled folates for receptor-based tumor PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias L Ross
- Animal Imaging Center-PET, Center for Pharmaceutical Science of ETH, PSI and USZ, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Ozden S, Atabey D, Yildiz S, Göker H. Synthesis, potent anti-staphylococcal activity and QSARs of some novel 2-anilinobenzazoles. Eur J Med Chem 2007; 43:1390-402. [PMID: 18022733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 09/30/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and anti-staphylococcal activity of a number of substituted 2-anilinobenzimidazoles, benzothiazoles and benzoxazoles are reported. The anti-staphylococcal activities were evaluated in standard in vitro MIC assay method. While anilinobenzimidazole derivatives 11-45 showed very potent anti-staphylococcal activities (greatest activity with an MIC value of 0.095 microg/mL), none of the 2-anilinobenzothiazoles and benzoxazole derivatives exhibited inhibitory activity. QSAR analysis of the anilinobenzimidazoles was studied on the relationship between the anti-staphylococcal activity (MIC in mug/ml) and extrapolated log k(w) values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seçkin Ozden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
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Martinsen A, Gynther J. Retention Behaviour of Triphenylethylene Derivatives in Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079608017145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Martinsen
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Kuopio , P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J. Gynther
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Kuopio , P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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Montanari MLC, Montanari CA, Piló-Veloso D, Cass QB. Estimation of the RP-HPLC Lipophilicity Parameters Log K', and Log KW, A Comparison with the Hydrophobicity Index ϕ0. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079708006327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. C. Montanari
- a Departamento de Química/ICEx , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerai , Belo Horizonte , 31270-901 , MG , Brazil
- b Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de São , Carlos Caixa Postal 676, São Carlos , 13565-905 , SP , Brazil
| | - C. A. Montanari
- a Departamento de Química/ICEx , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerai , Belo Horizonte , 31270-901 , MG , Brazil
- b Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de São , Carlos Caixa Postal 676, São Carlos , 13565-905 , SP , Brazil
| | - D. Piló-Veloso
- a Departamento de Química/ICEx , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerai , Belo Horizonte , 31270-901 , MG , Brazil
- b Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de São , Carlos Caixa Postal 676, São Carlos , 13565-905 , SP , Brazil
| | - Q. B. Cass
- a Departamento de Química/ICEx , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerai , Belo Horizonte , 31270-901 , MG , Brazil
- b Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de São , Carlos Caixa Postal 676, São Carlos , 13565-905 , SP , Brazil
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Vanbilloen HP, Kieffer DM, Cleynhens BJ, Bormans GM, Mortelmans L, Verbruggen AM. Evaluation of 99mTc-labeled tropanes with alkyl substituents on the 3β-phenyl ring as potential dopamine transporter tracers. Nucl Med Biol 2006; 33:413-8. [PMID: 16631091 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2005.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Revised: 10/21/2005] [Accepted: 12/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Technetium(V)-oxo-3beta-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-yl[N-(2-mercaptoethyl), N-(N'-(2-mercaptoethyl)-2-aminoethyl)]-aminomethyl ((99m)Tc-TRODAT-1) and three derivatives with one or two substituents on the 3beta-phenyl ring (4-methylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl and 2,4-dimethylphenyl) were prepared and evaluated as potential imaging agents for the central nervous dopamine transporter (DAT). Labeling of the ligands with (99m)Tc yielded for each of them a mixture of two radiolabeled species, which were purified and isolated using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Employing radio-LC-MS, we found both species to have the same molecular mass suggesting diastereoisomers. After intravenous injection in mice and rats, the compounds were stable in vivo and no important metabolites were found in plasma or urine. Replacement of the 4-chloro atom on the 3beta-phenyl ring by a methyl group causes no loss of affinity for the DAT system. However, substitution of an ethyl group for the 4-chloro atom or introduction of a second methyl group in the 2-position of the phenyl ring results in a serious reduction of the affinity for the DAT transporter. Ex vivo autoradiography on mice brain slices and biodistribution studies in rats showed specific uptake of (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 and the 4-methylphenyl derivative in striatum and putamen. Although the 4-ethylphenyl and 2,4-dimethylphenyl derivatives show brain uptake in rats and mice, no specific uptake in striatum was found. In addition, differences in biological behavior between the different diastereomers were observed. In conclusion, small changes to (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 at the phenyl ring in the 3beta position of the tropane moiety significantly change the biological behavior of the studied compounds.
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Kim BY, Doh HJ, Le TN, Cho WJ, Yong CS, Choi HG, Kim JS, Lee CH, Kim DD. Ketorolac amide prodrugs for transdermal delivery: stability and in vitro rat skin permeation studies. Int J Pharm 2005; 293:193-202. [PMID: 15778057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2004] [Revised: 12/13/2004] [Accepted: 01/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Various amide prodrugs of ketorolac were synthesized and their rat skin permeation characteristics were determined. The solubility of the prodrugs in propylene glycol (PG) was determined at 37 degrees C while lipophilicity was obtained as 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (logP) and capacity factor (k') using HPLC. Stability of the prodrugs in rat skin homogenate, plasma and liver homogenate was investigated to observe the enzymatic degradation. Rat skin permeation characteristics of the prodrugs saturated in PG were investigated using the Keshary-Chien permeation system at 37 degrees C. The logP value of the prodrugs increased up to 4.28 with the addition of various alkyl chain to ketorolac which has a logP of 1.04. Good linear relationship between logP and capacity factor was observed (r(2)=0.89). Amide prodrugs were converted to ketorolac only in rat liver homogenate. However, the skin permeation rate of amide prodrugs did not significantly increase, probably due to their low aqueous solubility. Chemical modification of the ketorolac amide prodrug and/or the selection of proper vehicle to increase aqueous solubility would be necessary for an effective transdermal delivery of ketorolac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, South Korea
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Doh HJ, Cho WJ, Yong CS, Choi HG, Kim JS, Lee CH, Kim DD. Synthesis and evaluation of Ketorolac ester prodrugs for transdermal delivery. J Pharm Sci 2003; 92:1008-17. [PMID: 12712420 DOI: 10.1002/jps.10353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl esters of ketorolac were synthesized as potential prodrugs for transdermal delivery and evaluated to determine the relationship between their skin permeation characteristics and their physicochemical properties. Solubility of the prodrugs in various vehicles was determined at room temperature while lipophilicity was obtained as 1-octanol/water partition coefficients (logP) and capacity factors (k') using HPLC. Metabolism of the prodrugs to ketorolac was studied both in rat skin homogenate and in plasma. Rat skin permeation characteristics of the prodrugs saturated in propylene glycol were investigated using the Keshary-Chien permeation system at 37 degrees C. An increase in logP and capacity factor values of the prodrugs were observed in proportion to their alkyl chain length. Good linear relationship between the logP values and capacity factor was observed (r(2) = 0.92). Prodrugs were rapidly degraded to ketorolac both in the skin homogenate and in plasma following a first-order kinetics. To determine accurate amounts of prodrug permeated, both the prodrug and parent drug concentration in the receptor solution were determined in mole units. The skin permeation rate of the alkyl ester prodrugs was significantly higher with a shorter lag time than that of ketorolac. The permeation rate of ketorolac reached maximum in its 1-propyl ester form as 46.61 nmol/cm(2)/h, and a parabolic relationship was observed between the permeation rate and the logP values of the prodrugs. Alkyl ester prodrugs of ketorolac having optimum lipophilicity could improve the transdermal delivery of ketorolac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hea-Jeong Doh
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, South Korea
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Kim JS, Sun Q, Yu C, Liu A, Liu LF, LaVoie EJ. Quantitative structure-activity relationships on 5-substituted terbenzimidazoles as topoisomerase I poisons and antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem 1998; 6:163-72. [PMID: 9547939 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(97)10021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several 5-substituted terbenzimidazoles were synthesized and evaluated as mammalian topoisomerase I poisons and for cytotoxicity against a human lymphoblastoma cell line, RPMI-8402. No correlation was observed between topoisomerase I poisoning activity and the Hansch pi value or the sigma meta and sigma para values associated with each substituent. These data suggest that electronic effects and relative lipophilicity of substituents at the 5-position of these terbenzimidazoles do not have a significant effect upon intrinsic topoisomerase I poisoning activity. There was, however, a good correlation between the relative pi values for the various substituents evaluated and cytotoxic activity. Experimentally determined log P values did not correlate well with either cytotoxicity or pi values. Capacity factors (log k') as determined by high pressure liquid chromatography did correlate well with the pi values of varied substituents and cytotoxicity. These data indicate that the relative lipophilic activity of substituents at the 5-position of these terbenzimidazoles can strongly influence relative cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway 08855, USA
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Said A, Makki S, Muret P, Rouland JC, Toubin G, Millet J. Lipophilicity determination of psoralens used in therapy through solubility and partitioning: comparison of theoretical and experimental approaches. J Pharm Sci 1996; 85:387-92. [PMID: 8901074 DOI: 10.1021/js950367f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine and to compare experimental and theoretical solubilities (S) as well as partition coefficients (PC) in an octanol/water system of psoralen (P), 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) and 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (TMP). For each psoralen, experimental results were performed in triplicate with a spectrofluorimetric technique. The measurements were achieved 10 times for each solution. The obtained order of the solubilities in pure octanol was 5-MOP approximately TMP > P > 8-MOP, while in water-saturated octanol it was expressed as follows: TMP approximately 5-MOP > P > 8-MOP. However, the following order was found for hydrophobicity: TMP > 5-MOP > 8-MOP > P. The solubility ratios (SR) in pure octanol and water were assessed (mean +/- SD): 3.13 +/- 0.01 (P), 2.60 +/- 0.01 (8-MOP), 3.75 +/- 0.01 (5-MOP), and 5.11 +/- 0.01 (TMP). In saturated phases, they were 3.27 +/- 0.01, 2.63 +/- 0.01, 3.85 +/- 0.01, and 5.32 +/- 0.01, respectively. The PCs were determined with low concentrations according to the Dearden and Bresnen32 method and they were 1.67 +/- 0.01, 1.93 +/- 0.01, 2.00 +/- 0.01, and 3.14 +/- 0.01, respectively. Solubility parameters (delta), in Hildebrand unit (H) or in (cal/cm3)1/2, were evaluated. They confirmed the polarity of psoralens, previously expressed through the PC, although the positional isomers (5-MOP and 8-MOP) revealed no difference. Hildebrand's approach to the solubility of regular solutions and Yalkowsky's concept of the solubility of nonelectrolytes and weak electrolytes in an octanol/water system permitted a comparison of the theoretical and experimental results. The perspective of this work is to use the physicochemical properties of the psoralens in practice for insuring convenient experimental assays and the prediction, in vitro, of the percutaneous absorption of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Said
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Besançon, France
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Ramalingam K, Jurisson SS, Kuczynski BL, Di Rocco R, Narra RK, Nowotnik DP, Nunn AD. BATO complexes derived from dimethoxy dioximes: synthesis, characterization and biodistribution. Nucl Med Biol 1995; 22:625-34. [PMID: 7581173 DOI: 10.1016/0969-8051(94)00143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To prepare less lipophilic BATO complexes, two new methoxy-substituted dioximes were synthesized: cis-4,5-dimethoxycyclohexane-1,2-dione dioxime (DMCDO) and 1,4-dimethoxybutane-2,3-dione dioxime (DMDMG). 99mTcCl(DMCDO)3BMe (BMe = methylboronic acid) was prepared and characterized. Reversed-phase HPLC analyses of 99mTcCl(DMCDO)3BMe and 99mTcCl(DMCDO)3-p-TBA (p-TBA = p - tolylboronic acid) indicated that both of these complexes were mixtures of four enantiomeric pairs of diastereomers. Attempted preparation of a BATO complex from DMDMG gave a mixture of products. In rats, 99mTcCl(DMCDO)3BMe displayed more rapid liver and renal clearance than 99mTcCl(CDO)3BMe, but 99mTcCl(DMCDO)3BMe and 99mTcCl(DMCDO)3-p-TBA displayed low uptake in both heart and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ramalingam
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
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Riley ALM, Nowotnik DP. The Determination of Charge of Cationic99mTc-Radiopharmaceuticals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079408013158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Nowotnik DP, Narra RK. A Comparison of Methods for the Determination of Dead Time in a Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography System Used for the Measurement of Lipophilicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079308019677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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