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Enatiomeric Separation of Branched Fatty Acids after Conversion with trans-2-(2,3-Anthracenedicarboximido)cyclohexanol, a Highly Sensitive Chiral Fluorescent Conversion Reagent. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 63:1209-15. [PMID: 27380231 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
(1R,2R)-2-(2,3-Anthracenedicarboximido)cyclohexanol was synthesized as a highly sensitive chiral fluorescent conversion reagent. The diastereomeric derivatives of chiral branched fatty acids that had methyl ethyl chirality from the 2 to 12 position were separated into 2 peaks by reversed-phase HPLC and detected at the 10(-15) mole level by fluorometry.
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2
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Carvalho PO, Cass QB, Calafatti SA, Contesini FJ, Bizaco R. Review- Alternatives for the separation of drug enantiomers: ibuprofen as a model compound. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322006000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Q. B. Cass
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil
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3
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Katoh A, Yamamoto R, Fujimoto T, Saito R. High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Enantioseparation Based on Diastereomer Formation with New Fluorescent Chiral Quinoxalines. HETEROCYCLES 2005. [DOI: 10.3987/com-05-10346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Toyo'oka T. Resolution of chiral drugs by liquid chromatography based upon diastereomer formation with chiral derivatization reagents. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2002; 54:25-56. [PMID: 12543490 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(02)00127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chiral derivatization reagents for resolution of biologically important compounds, such as chiral drugs by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), based upon pre-column derivatization and diastereomer formation, are reviewed. The derivatization reagents for various functional groups, i.e., amine, carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl and thiol, are evaluated in terms of reactivity, stability, wavelength, handling, versatility, sensitivity, and selectivity. The applicability of the reagents to the analyses of drugs and bioactive compounds are included in the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimasa Toyo'oka
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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5
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Liang SC, Wang H, Zhang ZM, Zhang X, Zhang HS. Spectrofluorimetric determination of cysteine by 5-maleimidyl-2-(m-methylphenyl)benzoxazole. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2002; 58:2605-2611. [PMID: 12396043 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(02)00003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A new thiol weak-fluorescence probe, 5-maleimidyl-2-(m-methylphenyl)benzoxazole (MMPB), gives a highly fluorescence product in the presence of Cys. In this paper, MMPB has been developed for the fluorimetric determination of cysteine (Cys). At lambda(ex)/lambda(em) = 305.6/425.6 nm, the linear range is from 0 to 3.3 x 10(-7) mol l(-1) and the detection limit (sigma = 3) of 6.2 x 10(-10) mol l(-1). The main advantage of this method lies in the relative high selectivity compared with the methods using other N-substituted maleimide type of thiol reagents, in which 0.15-fold (molar ratio) of GSH is allowed and most of other amino acids at 100-fold (molar ratio) level had no obvious effect on the results. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of Cys in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Cai Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Toyo’oka T. Fluorescent tagging of physiologically important carboxylic acids, including fatty acids, for their detection in liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Uchiyama S, Santa T, Imai K. A fluorogenic reagent, 4-mercapto-7-methylthio-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole for carboxylic acids, designed by prediction of the fluorescence intensity. Anal Chem 2001; 73:2165-70. [PMID: 11393836 DOI: 10.1021/ac001232j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During the course of our studies of the development of fluorogenic reagents having a 4,7-disubstituted benzofurazan structure, we previously proposed 7-acetylamino-4-mercapto-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (AABD-SH) as a fluorogenic reagent for carboxylic acids. Since then, progress has made it possible to estimate the fluorescence quantum yields of the 4,7-disubstituted benzofurazan compounds on the basis of the PM3 calculation of their S1-T2 energies. Subsequently, a new fluorogenic reagent, 4-mercapto-7-methylthio-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (MTBDSH) was designed and synthesized. In the presence of condensation reagents, triphenylphosphine (TPP) and 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide (DPDS), MTBD-SH readily reacted with n-caprylic acid within 1 min at room temperature. The derivatives of five carboxylic acids (n-caprylic acid, n-capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, and palmitic acid) were well-separated on a reversed-phase column and were fluorimetrically detected at 519 nm with excitation at 391 nm. The detection limits (S/N = 3) were 2.4-5.0 fmol. Thus, MTBD-SH had properties that were considered to be superior. For carboxylic acids, itwas superior not only to AABD-SH, but also to many other conventional reagents. The superiority was examined in terms of its reactivity and sensitivity and the avoidance of interfering peaks that were derived from the reagent itself or degradation products in the chromatogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Sun XX, Sun LZ, Aboul-Enein HY. Chiral derivatization reagents for drug enantioseparation by high-performance liquid chromatography based upon pre-column derivatization and formation of diastereomers: enantioselectivity and related structure. Biomed Chromatogr 2001; 15:116-32. [PMID: 11268052 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Structures and related enantioselectivities of the respective chiral derivatization reagents (CDRs) for drug enantioseparation by high-performance chromatography based upon pre-column derivatization and diastereomeric formation are reviewed. The elution order of diastereomers caused reaction of some CDRs with enantiomeric amino acids and carboxylic acids. The development of new CDRs available for indirect HPLC methods is also discussed. (c) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Changzhou 213016, People's Republic of China
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9
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Abstract
Ibuprofen is one of the most effective and widely used non-steroidal analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. It is marketed as a racemic mixture though it is known that the pharmacological activity resides in the (S)-(+)-enantiomer only. Several direct/indirect liquid chromatographic methods involving a variety of chiral/achiral phases along with their possible role in resolution, chiral and achiral agents used for derivatisation have been discussed with special reference to ibuprofen, and mentioning their application to the resolution of other 2-aryl-propionic acids/profens.
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10
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Arai T. Chiral separation of pharmaceuticals possessing a carboxy moiety. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1998; 717:295-311. [PMID: 9832251 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The separation of carboxylic enantiomers in the pharmaceutical field using high-performance liquid chromatographic and capillary electrophoretic techniques is reviewed. The techniques used for chiral separation include diastereomer derivatization, a chiral mobile phase, a chiral stationary phase (high-performance liquid chromatography) and chiral additives (capillary electrophoresis). Practical and conventional separation systems for pharmaceutical applications, such as pharmacokinetics, optical purity testing and stability studies, are described. A comprehensive collection of applications to carboxylic drugs and other carboxylic compounds of pharmaceutical interest is listed in the tables. The characteristics of each enantioseparation method are also discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arai
- Medical Development Department, Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Monitoring of Process Impurities in Drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(08)60317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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12
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Enantiomeric separation of carboxylic acids having chiral centers remote from the carboxyl group by labelling with a chiral fluorescent derivatization reagent. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)01616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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al-Kindy S, Santa T, Fukushima T, Homma H, Imai K. 1-(5-Dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulphonyl)-(S)-3-aminopyrrolidine (DNS-Apy) as a fluorescence chiral labelling reagent for carboxylic acid enantiomers. Biomed Chromatogr 1997; 11:137-42. [PMID: 9192105 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0801(199705)11:3<137::aid-bmc648>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
1-(5-Dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulphonyl)-(S)-3-aminopyrrolidi ne (DNS-Apy) has been synthesized for the separation of carboxylic acid enantiomers by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and sensitive detection. The reagent reacts with carboxylic acids at room temperature in the presence of activation agents 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide (DPDS) and triphenylphosphine (TPP). The maximum emission of the diastereomeric amide derived from (S)-phenylpropionic acid and ketoprofen derivatives of DNS-Apy was at 530 nm with excitation at 340 nm. The emission wavelength shifted towards the blue and the fluorescence intensities increased with increasing acetonitrile concentration in the medium. The diastereomers derived from anti-inflammatory drugs were efficiently resolved with a reverse-phase column using water:acetonitrile mixture as mobile phase. All of the racemate of arylpropionic acid derivatives gave equal fluorescence intensity of the two enantiomers with the exception of ketoprofen derivatives where the intensity of the first eluting enantiomer was half that of the second.
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Affiliation(s)
- S al-Kindy
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Toyo'oka T. Recent progress in liquid chromatographic enantioseparation based upon diastereomer formation with fluorescent chiral derivatization reagents. Biomed Chromatogr 1996; 10:265-77. [PMID: 8949907 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0801(199611)10:6<265::aid-bmc602>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Techniques for the resolution by liquid chromatography of racemic compounds based upon diastereomer formation with a fluorescent chiral reagent are outlined in this review. The tagging reagents for various functional groups, i.e. amine, carboxyl, hydroxyl and thiol, are evaluated in terms of optical purity, handling, flexibility, stability, sensitivity and selectivity. The applicabilities of the reagents to drugs and biologically important substances are included in the text. This review is limited to reagents with fluorophores and reagents that exhibit fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Toyo'oka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan
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15
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Cherkaoui S, Faupel M, Francotte E. Separation of formoterol enantiomers and detection of zeptomolar amounts by capillary electrophoresis using laser-induced fluorescence. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00589-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Görög S, Gazdag M. Enantiomeric derivatization for biomedical chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1994; 659:51-84. [PMID: 7820281 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Derivatization reactions aimed at creating the basis for the chromatographic resolution of biologically and pharmaceutically important enantiomers are reviewed, with emphasis on the literature published in the last 10 years. Three main aspects of chiral derivatization are discussed. (a) Enantiomers containing suitable functional groups (amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, epoxy, etc.) are transformed into covalently bonded diastereomeric derivatives using homochiral derivatizing agents. The diastereomers formed (esters, amides, urethanes, urea and thiourea, etc., derivatives) can be separated on achiral stationary phases. The derivatization reactions often afford further advantages, such as the improvement of chromatographic properties and the detectability of the solutes using UV and fluorimetric detectors. (b) Covalent but achiral derivatization is often necessary even with the use of chiral stationary phases enabling in principle direct enantioseparations (Pirkle-type columns, cyclodextrin-bonded phases, glycoprotein column and functionalized cellulose columns). The main goals of these derivatization reactions (which are analogous to those discussed above), are to introduce functional groups into the molecule of the enantiomers that improve the possibilities for chiral interactions or block functional groups to avoid non-specific interactions. (c) In the broader sense, the dynamic formation of diastereomers using chiral mobile phase additives (cyclodextrins, various reagents to form diastereomeric ion pairs, adducts, mixed metal complexes) can also be considered to be chiral derivatization reactions and is therefore briefly discussed also.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Görög
- Chemical Works of Gedeon Richter, Budapest, Hungary
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17
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Bovingdon ME, Webster RA. Derivatization reactions for neurotransmitters and their automation. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1994; 659:157-83. [PMID: 7820275 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Many reagents suitable for the derivatization of neurotransmitters are selective for the amino function. Others, however, are selective for the carboxyl-, thiol- and hydroxyl function, and recently, reagents selective for more than one function have been produced. Interest persists in the established reagents, with their well understood behaviour which assists automation of analysis as much as new technology. Workers appear reluctant to tackle the optimization of many novel reagents. Chiral reagents may become important if d-amino acids are shown to be significant from a physiological point of view. Solid-phase reagents offer better regulated chemistry and combined derivatization/solid-phase extraction, which make them an exciting prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Bovingdon
- Pharmacology Department, University College London, UK
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18
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Yasaka Y, Tanaka M. Labeling of free carboxyl groups. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1994; 659:139-55. [PMID: 7820274 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(94)80126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The latest trends in the labeling of free carboxyl groups for high-performance liquid chromatography are reviewed. The labeling reagents for fluorescence detection are mainly discussed according to their reaction type (or functional group). Attention is also paid to the reagents used for ultraviolet detection and for enantiomeric separation. The reactivity and sensitivity of the reagents used for the labeling of carboxylic acids are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yasaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
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19
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Kondo J, Suzuki N, Naganuma H, Imaoka T, Kawasaki T, Nakanishi A, Kawahara Y. Enantiospecific determination of ibuprofen in rat plasma using chiral fluorescence derivatization reagent, (-)-2-[4-(1-aminoethyl)phenyl]-6- methoxybenzoxazole. Biomed Chromatogr 1994; 8:170-4. [PMID: 7812120 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1130080405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of the enantiomeric composition of ibuprofen in rat plasma is described. The method is based on the resolution of the diastereomeric amides formed on reaction of the ibuprofen enantiomers with (-)-2-[4-(1-aminoethyl)phenyl]-6-methoxybenzoxazole ((-)-APMB) in the presence of 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide (DPDS) and triphenylphosphine (TPP) in dichloromethane. The reaction mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 5 min, and the reaction was completed by evaporation with a stream of nitrogen at 40 degrees C. The minimum quantifiable concentrations were 0.2 microgram/mL and 0.4 microgram/mL for S-ibuprofen and R-ibuprofen, respectively, in a 10 microL injection volume. The method was applied to the determination of enantiomeric ibuprofen in plasma after oral administration to rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kondo
- Product Development Laboratories, Sankyo Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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