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Geda O, Tábi T, Szökő É. Development and validation of capillary electrophoresis method for quantification of gangliosides in brain synaptosomes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 205:114329. [PMID: 34418676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides are sialic acid containing glycosphingolipids of the plasma membrane with diverse biological functions. They are most abundant in neural tissues where their dysregulation has been suggested to be involved in various pathological conditions. Due to their importance, efficient analytical methods are needed to determine individual gangliosides in biological samples. Here we report a capillary electrophoresis method, optimized and validated for the simultaneous quantification of major neural gangliosides GM1, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b and GQ1b in their underivatized form. The most abundant extraneural monosialogangloside, GM3 can also be separated by this method. Micelles of the highly amphiphilic gangliosides were disrupted with cyclodextrins (CyDs) in the aqueous separation buffer. Among the tested CyDs, the best resolution was observed using 20 mM randomly methylated alpha-CyD in alkaline sodium borate buffer enabling the separation of all studied gangliosides. The method was applied for the quantification of gangliosides in rat cerebral and cerebellar synaptosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Geda
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad tér, Budapest H-1089, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Tábi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad tér, Budapest H-1089, Hungary.
| | - Éva Szökő
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad tér, Budapest H-1089, Hungary.
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2
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Jurowski K, Kochan K, Walczak J, Barańska M, Piekoszewski W, Buszewski B. Analytical Techniques in Lipidomics: State of the Art. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017; 47:418-437. [PMID: 28340309 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1310613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current studies related to lipid identification and determination, or lipidomics in biological samples, are one of the most important issues in modern bioanalytical chemistry. There are many articles dedicated to specific analytical strategies used in lipidomics in various kinds of biological samples. However, in such literature, there is a lack of articles dedicated to a comprehensive review of the actual analytical methodologies used in lipidomics. The aim of this article is to characterize the lipidomics methods used in modern bioanalysis according to the methodological point of view: (1) chromatography/separation methods, (2) spectroscopic methods and (3) mass spectrometry and also hyphenated methods. In the first part, we discussed thin layer chromatography (TLC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). The second part includes spectroscopic techniques such as Raman spectroscopy (RS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The third part is a synthetic review of mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), hyphenated methods, which include liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and also multidimensional techniques. Other aspects are the possibilities of the application of the described methods in lipidomics studies. Due to the fact that the exploration of new methods of lipidomics analysis and their applications in clinical and medical studies are still challenging for researchers working in life science, we hope that this review article will be very useful for readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Jurowski
- a Kraków Higher School of Health Promotion , Krakow , Poland
| | - Kamila Kochan
- b Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) , Jagiellonian University in Cracow , Cracow , Poland.,c Centre for Biospectroscopy and School of Chemistry , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Justyna Walczak
- d Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics , Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Barańska
- b Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) , Jagiellonian University in Cracow , Cracow , Poland.,e Department of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University in Cracow , Cracow , Poland
| | - Wojciech Piekoszewski
- f Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Jagiellonian University in Cracow , Cracow , Poland.,g School of Biomedicine , Far Eastern Federal University , Vladivostok , Russia
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- d Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics , Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
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3
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Maeda Y, Motoyama K, Higashi T, Horikoshi Y, Takeo T, Nakagata N, Kurauchi Y, Katsuki H, Ishitsuka Y, Kondo Y, Irie T, Furuya H, Era T, Arima H. Effects of cyclodextrins on GM1-gangliosides in fibroblasts from GM1-gangliosidosis patients. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015; 67:1133-42. [PMID: 25851126 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES GM1-gangliosidosis is an inherited disorder characterized by the accumulation of GM1-gangliosides in many tissues and organs, particularly in the brain. Currently, there is no treatment available for patients with ganglioside storage diseases. Therefore, we investigated the effects of cyclodextrins (CyDs) on the GM1-ganglioside level in EA1 cells, fibroblasts from patients with GM1-gangliosidosis. METHODS The concentrations of cholesterol and phospholipids in supernatants were determined by Cholesterol E-test Wako and Phospholipid C-test Wako, respectively. The effects of CyDs on GM1-ganglioside levels in EA1 cells using fluorescence-labelled cholera toxin B-subunit, which can bind to GM1-gangliosides specifically, were investigated by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. KEY FINDINGS The treatment with methylated CyDs, hydroxypropylated CyDs and branched CyDs decreased GM1-ganglioside levels in EA1 cells at 1 mm for 24 h. Unexpectedly, there was no significant change in the efflux of cholesterol or phospholipids from the cells after treatment with CyDs under the same experimental conditions, indicating that the efflux of membrane components is not associated with down-regulation of GM1-ganglioside levels in EA1 cells upon CyDs treatment. CONCLUSIONS CyDs may have the potential as drugs for GM1-gangliosidosis, although the mechanism should be thereafter clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Maeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools 'HIGO (Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program', Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taishi Higashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuka Horikoshi
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toru Takeo
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naomi Nakagata
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Kurauchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools 'HIGO (Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program', Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katsuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ishitsuka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tetsumi Irie
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools 'HIGO (Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program', Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Furuya
- Department of Neurology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Takumi Era
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Arima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools 'HIGO (Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program', Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Montealegre C, Verardo V, Luisa Marina M, Caboni MF. Analysis of glycerophospho- and sphingolipids by CE. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:779-92. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Montealegre
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Vito Verardo
- Inter-Departmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research (CIRI Agroalimentare); University of Bologna; Piazza Goidanich Cesena (FC) Italy
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Maria Fiorenza Caboni
- Inter-Departmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research (CIRI Agroalimentare); University of Bologna; Piazza Goidanich Cesena (FC) Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences; Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna; Piazza Goidanich Cesena (FC) Italy
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5
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Keithley RB, Metzinger MP, Rosado AM, Dovichi NJ. Manipulating ionic strength to improve single cell electrophoretic separations. Talanta 2013; 111:206-14. [PMID: 23622546 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis system with ultrasensitive two-color laser-induced fluorescence detection was used to probe the effect of ionic strength on single cell separations of glycosphingolipids. Differentiated PC12 cells were incubated with two ganglioside substrates tagged with different fluorophores within the BODIPY family such that two distinct metabolic patterns could be simultaneously monitored. Aspiration of single differentiated PC12 cells suspended in a phosphate-buffered saline solution showed excessive peak dispersion, poor resolution, and peak efficiencies below 100,000 theoretical plates. Aspiration of single differentiated PC12 cells suspended in deionized water corrected peak dispersion. Average peak efficiencies ranged between 400,000 and 600,000 theoretical plates. Improved performance was due to the dilution of the high salt concentrations inside of single neuronal-like cells to produce field amplified sample stacking. Single cell separations showed the highest resolution when aspiration of single differentiated PC12 cells suspended in deionized water were separated using a running buffer of high ionic strength. The improvement in resolution allowed for the identification of analytes not previously detected in single cell metabolism studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Keithley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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6
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Sarver SA, Keithley RB, Essaka DC, Tanaka H, Yoshimura Y, Palcic MM, Hindsgaul O, Dovichi NJ. Preparation and electrophoretic separation of Bodipy-Fl-labeled glycosphingolipids. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1229:268-73. [PMID: 22321948 PMCID: PMC3288550 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Several glycosphingolipids were labeled with the fluorphore Bodipy-Fl and analyzed using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. GM1-, LacCer-, and Cer-Bodipy-Fl were prepared through acylation using the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of Bodipy-Fl. Several other glycosphingolipids including GT1a-, GD1a-, GM2-, GM3-, GD3-, and GlcCer-Bodipy-Fl were enzymatically synthesized. Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with a TRIS/CHES/SDS/α-cyclodextrin buffer produced better separation than an established borate/deoxycholate/methyl-β-cyclodextrin buffer. The nine Bodipy-Fl-labeled glycosphingolipid standards were separated in under 5 min, theoretical plate counts were between 640,000 and 740,000, and the limit of detection was approximately 3 pM or 240 ymol analyte injected onto the capillary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Sarver
- The University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Richard B. Keithley
- The University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - David C. Essaka
- The University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- The University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Hidenori Tanaka
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-1799, Copenhagen-V, Denmark
| | - Yayoi Yoshimura
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-1799, Copenhagen-V, Denmark
| | - Monica M. Palcic
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-1799, Copenhagen-V, Denmark
| | - Ole Hindsgaul
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-1799, Copenhagen-V, Denmark
| | - Norman J. Dovichi
- The University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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7
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Otieno AC, Mwongela SM. Capillary electrophoresis-based methods for the determination of lipids--a review. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 624:163-74. [PMID: 18706322 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2008] [Revised: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a high-resolution technique for the separation of complex biological and chemical mixtures. CE continues to emerge as a powerful tool in the determination of lipids. Here we review the analytical potential of CE for the determination of a wide range of lipids. The different classes of lipids are introduced, and the different modes of CE and optimization methods for the separation of lipids are described. The advantages and disadvantages of the different modes of CE compared to traditional methods like gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) in the determination of lipids are discussed. Finally, the potential of CE in the determination of lipids in the future is illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Otieno
- Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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8
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Yu Z, Chen Y, Xu G, Chang L. Separation and Determination of Gangliosides Using High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079808000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Yu
- a Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry , Institute of Chemistry The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100080, P. R. China
| | - Y. Chen
- a Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry , Institute of Chemistry The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100080, P. R. China
| | - G. Xu
- a Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry , Institute of Chemistry The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100080, P. R. China
| | - L. Chang
- a Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry , Institute of Chemistry The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100080, P. R. China
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9
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Lamari F, Karamanos NK. HIGH PERFORMANCE CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS AS A POWERFUL ANALYTICAL TOOL OF GLYCOCONJUGATES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100101733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fotini Lamari
- a Section of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry , University of Patras , Patras , 261 10 , Greece
| | - Nikos K. Karamanos
- b Section of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry , University of Patras , Patras , 261 10 , Greece
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Hefnawy MM, Stewart JT. ENANTIOSELECTIVE DETERMINATION OF R(+) AND S(−) ROGLETIMIDE IN SERUM USING ALPHA-CYCLODEXTRIN MODIFIED CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS AND SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100101490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Hefnawy
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia , Athens, GA, 30602-2352, U.S.A
| | - James T. Stewart
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia , Athens, GA, 30602-2352, U.S.A
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Lamari FN, Gioldassi XM, Mitropoulou TN, Karamanos NK. Structure analysis of lipoglycans and lipoglycan-derived carbohydrates by capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2002; 16:116-26. [PMID: 11857644 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipoglycans (lipopolysaccharides, lipoarabinomannans and glycolipids) are unique components of the cell membrane of all cells and the envelope of many bacteria. They play important roles in determining cell-environment interactions, which, however, are only partly understood due to incomplete description of their structural components, lipids and glycans. Capillary electrophoresis is an analytical technique of high separation efficiency and minimum sample requirements and has successfully been used for the analysis of several molecules of biological importance: proteins, nucleic acids and glycoconjugates. In the last years, a few applications of capillary electrophoresis to the analysis of lipoglycans have been reported. Analysis of lipoglycans involves the study of two parameters: intact molecules and carbohydrate parts. The conjunction of capillary electrophoresis and mass spectroscopy not only enhances the detection sensitivity, but also provides structural information on these structurally complex molecules. The interest in the field is rising and the results from the exact determination on the lipoglycan structure are expected to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism of lipoglycan binding to proteins and cells of host organisms as well as their relationship to the virulence and pathogenesis of bacteria. In this report, an overview of the capillary electrophoresis methods used to analyze and characterize the intact lipoglycans as well as their carbohydrate parts is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini N Lamari
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Natural Products, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Patras, 261 10 Patras, Greece.
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12
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Rassi ZE. Chapter 18 Capillary electrophoresis and electrochromatography of carbohydrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(02)80043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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13
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Zhang M, Ostrander GK, El Rassi Z. Capillary electrochromatography with novel stationary phases. IV. Retention behavior of glycosphingolipids on porous and non-porous octadecyl sulfonated silica. J Chromatogr A 2000; 887:287-97. [PMID: 10961320 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this investigation, capillary electrochromatography (CEC) with a novel stationary phase proved useful for the separation of neutral and acidic glycosphingolipids (GSLs). Four different gangliosides, namely G(M1a), G(D1a), G(D1b) and G(T1b), served as the acidic GSLs model solutes. The following four GSLs: galactosylceramide (GalCer), lactosylceramide (LacCer), globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer) and globotetraosylceramide (Gb4Cer) served as the typical neutral GSLs. The stationary phase, octadecyl sulfonated silica (ODSS), consisted of octadecyl functions bonded to a negatively charged layer containing sulfonic acid groups. Porous and non-porous ODSS stationary phases were examined. The retention behavior of the acidic and neutral GSLs was examined over a wide range of elution conditions, including the nature of the electrolyte and organic modifier and the pH of the mobile phase. The porous ODSS stationary phase yielded the separation of the four different gangliosides using a hydro-organic eluent of moderate eluent strength whereas the non-porous ODSS stationary phase permitted the separation of the four neutral GSLs with a mobile phase of relatively high eluent strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078-3071, USA
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Abstract
This review summarizes publications on capillary electrophoresis (CE) of carbohydrates, covering almost all hitherto published papers on this topic. It is designed to be a convenient tool for the literature search by providing a comprehensive table. Since CE analysis of carbohydrates is generally complicated due to the structural diversity of carbohydrate species, an attempt is made in this table to supply detailed information on the analyzed form (underivatized or derivatized, type of derivative) and analytical conditions (capillary size, state of the inner wall, composition of the electrophoretic solution, applied voltage, detection method, etc.), for each combination of carbohydrate species to be analyzed. In addition, a brief overview is presented to help in the literature search.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Higashi-osaka, Japan
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Abstract
Torus-shaped, circular, and hydrophilic cyclodextrins (CD) have been frequently used in capillary electrophoresis (CE) as buffer modifiers to effect chiral separation of enantiomers of drugs and specialty chemicals. Although less common, both neutral and charged cyclodextrins have also been exploited in CE to optimize the achiral separations of peptides, proteins, small molecules and a variety of positional isomers. Nonionic CDs are only useful for separations of net charged analytes through judicious partitioning of such guest molecules into their hydrophobic cavity of the former. However, they can be used with a surfactant for an effective resolution of neutral solutes as a result of a differential partitioning of such solutes in the micellar and the cyclodextrin-modified buffer phase. Ionic cyclodextrins, particularly, negatively charged derivatives with their own electrophoretic mobilities, increase the separation window and enable better resolution of analytes which weakly complex with or are poorly differentiated by neutral cyclodextrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Luong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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17
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Ju DD, Lai CC, Her GR. Analysis of gangliosides by capillary zone electrophoresis and capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1997; 779:195-203. [PMID: 9335122 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides, sialic acid(s)-containing glycosphingolipids, were separated by capillary zone electrophoresis and detected with either UV or electrospray mass spectrometry. Several electrolyte system were evaluated for the separation of underivatized gangliosides. The best result was obtained by using 50 mM borate and 50 mM phosphate buffer containing 20 mM alpha-cyclodextrin at pH 9.9. The four major ganglioside forms (GM1, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b) were successfully separated, and, moreover, each ganglioside yielded two peaks, splitting by the difference in chain length of the ceramide moiety. The resolution obtained in CE-UV could not be reproduced in CE-MS because of the incompatibility of the borate/phosphate buffer to ESI-MS. With the use of more volatile buffers, such as ammonium acetate or 2-[N-cyclohexylamino]-ethanesulfonic acid, baseline resolution was obtained for gangliosides having different number of sugars, but the two disialoganglioside isomers, GD1a and GD1b, were coeluted.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Ju
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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Affiliation(s)
- Z El Rassi
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078-3071, US
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Mechref Y, Ostrander GK, el Rassi Z. Capillary electrophoresis of carboxylated carbohydrates. I. Selective precolumn derivatization of gangliosides with UV absorbing and fluorescent tags. J Chromatogr A 1995; 695:83-95. [PMID: 7735460 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)01063-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the precolumn derivatization reaction, recently introduced by our laboratory for the selective labeling of carboxylated monosaccharides, can be readily transposed to other glycoconjugates containing carboxylated sugar residues, namely sialogangliosides. The selective derivatization reaction described here involved the attachment of sulfanilic acid (a UV-absorbing tag) or 7-aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid (a UV-absorbing and also fluorescing tag) to the sialic acid moiety of the gangliosides via the carboxylic group in the presence of water-soluble carbodiimide. This labeling of the sialic acid moiety of the gangliosides with a chromophore and/or fluorophore leads to the formation of an amide bond between the carboxylic group of the sugar residue and the amino group of the derivatizing agent, thus replacing the weak carboxylic acid group of the carbohydrate species by the stronger sulfonic acid group which is ionized over the entire pH range. Furthermore, novel electrolyte systems were introduced and evaluated for the separation of the derivatized and underivatized gangliosides. The addition of acetonitrile or alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) to the running electrolyte was necessary to break-up the aggregation of amphiphilic gangliosides and allowed for their efficient separation as monomers in aqueous media using capillary electrophoresis. Several operating parameters were investigated with these electrolyte systems including the additive concentration as well as the ionic strength, pH and nature of the running electrolyte. Acetonitrile at 50% (v/v) in 5 mM sodium phosphate at high and low pH or 15 mM alpha-CD in 100 mM sodium borate, pH 10.0, proved ideal, in terms of resolution and separation efficiency, for the group separation of mono-, di- and trisialogangliosides. On the other hand, the complete resolution of disialoganglioside isomers (e.g., GD1a and GD1b) necessitated the superimposition of a chromatographic component on the electrophoretic process. This was achieved by adding either a hydrophobic (e.g., decanoyl-N-methylglucamide-borate surfactant complex) or hydrophilic [e.g., poly(vinyl alcohol) or hydroxypropyl cellulose] selectors to the running electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mechref
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078, USA
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20
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Chapter 8 High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis of Carbohydrates and Glycoconjugates. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LIBRARY 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(08)60513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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