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Balasingam M, Becker JD, Guerrero‐Almaraz P, Sun H, Koppang MD. Dual Electrode Detection in LC‐EC Analysis of Sanger‐tagged Amino Acids: Electrochemical Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Groups. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John D. Becker
- Department of Chemistry University of South Dakota Vermillion SD, 57069 USA
| | | | - Haoran Sun
- Department of Chemistry University of South Dakota Vermillion SD, 57069 USA
| | - Miles D. Koppang
- Department of Chemistry University of South Dakota Vermillion SD, 57069 USA
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2
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Langa S, Peirotén A, Gaya P, Garde S, Arqués J, Nuñez M, Medina M, Rodríguez-Mínguez E. Human Bifidobacterium strains as adjunct cultures in Spanish sheep milk cheese. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7695-7706. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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3
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Takagai Y, Yamazoe K, Sato T, Oonuma C, Butsugan M, Hinze WL. Synthesis and evaluation of a diethylammonio-propylsulfate amphoteric ionic column for the high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric separation and detection of amino acids. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1621:461033. [PMID: 32188563 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A diethylammonio-propylsulfate amphoteric ionic resin was synthesized and employed as the stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) separation and detection of amino acids. The influence of experimental conditions such as mobile phase composition, column length and temperature upon the amino acid separations was evaluated. However, temperature, addition of water-miscible organic solvent to the mobile phase and mobile phase gradients were not effective at improving the separations. In contrast, the use of an unbuffered pure water mobile phase proved successful for the separation and detection of amino acids. The observed order of elution seems to parallel the isoelectric points of the respective amino acids and suggests that this diethylammonio-propylsulfate stationary phase column functions as an amphoteric ion-exchanger. Under optimized chromatographic conditions, the detection limits for the amino acids were in range of 0.07-0.44 pmol (pico-mole). The method was also successfully applied for the analysis of an actual commercial sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Takagai
- Cluster of Science and Technology, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan; Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan.
| | - Kayami Yamazoe
- Cluster of Science and Technology, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan
| | - Tsuneji Sato
- Cluster of Science and Technology, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan
| | - Chisa Oonuma
- Hitachi Chemical Techno Service Co. Ltd., 4-13-1 Higashi-cho, Hitachi, Ibaraki 317-8555 Japan
| | - Michio Butsugan
- Hitachi Chemical Techno Service Co. Ltd., 4-13-1 Higashi-cho, Hitachi, Ibaraki 317-8555 Japan
| | - Willie L Hinze
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, P. O. Box 7486, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, U.S.A
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4
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Valenzuela JA, Flórez AB, Vázquez L, Vasek OM, Mayo B. Production of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from traditional, starter-free dairy products made of raw milk. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:579-587. [PMID: 31122043 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), an amino acid not used in protein synthesis, intervenes in several physiological functions and has both diuretic and calming effects in humans. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains that produce GABA could be exploited for the manufacture of health-promoting GABA-enriched dairy products. In this study, 262 LAB strains isolated from traditional dairy products made from raw milk without starter cultures were screened for GABA production in culture media supplemented with 1% monosodium glutamate (MSG) using an enzymatic (GABase) method. About half of the strains (123) were found to be GABA producers. Of these, 24, among which were 16 Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and three Streptococcus thermophilus strains, produced >1 mM of GABA (range 1.01-2.81 mM) and were selected for further characterisation. GABA production was confirmed in most strains by culturing in 5 mM MSG followed by HPLC quantification. A majority of the strains were confirmed to be GABA producers by this method, although lower production levels were recorded. Using species-specific primers, the gene encoding glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) was PCR-amplified in all but one of the GABA producers analysed. Amplicons sequences were compared to one another and to those held in databases. Except for one Lactobacillus brevis strain, none of the 24 GABA producers investigated produced toxic biogenic amines, such as tyramine, histamine or cadaverine. They were therefore considered safe. Either alone, in mixtures, or in combination with industrial starter or adjunct cultures, these strains might be useful in the development of health-oriented dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Valenzuela
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.,2 Biotecnología Microbiana para la Innovación Alimentaria, Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE), Campus UNNE, Corrientes 3400, Argentina
| | - A B Flórez
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - L Vázquez
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - O M Vasek
- 2 Biotecnología Microbiana para la Innovación Alimentaria, Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE), Campus UNNE, Corrientes 3400, Argentina
| | - B Mayo
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
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5
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Corleto KA, Singh J, Jayaprakasha GK, Patil BS. A sensitive HPLC-FLD method combined with multivariate analysis for the determination of amino acids in l-citrulline rich vegetables. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:717-728. [PMID: 31324287 PMCID: PMC9307045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The proposed analytical method reports the separation and quantification of 21 amino acids including l-citrulline from fresh vegetables and commercial juices using a C8 column. Optimal separation conditions for amino acids analysis were obtained with 20 mM sodium acetate (solvent A) and water with organic modifier acetonitrile and methanol (solvent B; 18/50/32 V/V). The ideal pH and column temperature were found to be 5.40 and 35 °C, respectively. The LOD and LOQ values were obtained in the range of 0.02–0.19 ng/mL and 0.04–0.39 ng/mL for all amino acids respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSD) of intraday and interday analysis were found to be <2.7% and 7.9%, respectively. The recovery of amino acids were found be satisfactory for all the tested crops. The developed method was successfully used for the quantification of amino acids in six fresh vegetable juices including watermelon, cucumber, celery, calabaza squash, zucchini squash, yellow squash and commercial juices. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the significant differences in the amino acids profiles. l-citrulline content was highest in fresh watermelon juice (716.57 ± 24.80 μg/mL) and commercial watermelon lime juice (826.48 ± 34.48 μg/mL). The optimized analytical method is rapid, sensitive, accurate and reproducible for analysis of free amino acids including l-citrulline from different vegetable juices and other food products. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to separate OPA derivatives of amino acids using C8 column from watermelon, cucumber, zucchini squash, yellow squash, calabaza squash, and celery in a HPLC-FLD system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Corleto
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Jashbir Singh
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - G K Jayaprakasha
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
| | - Bhimanagouda S Patil
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
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6
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Yang X, Wang G, Gong X, Huang C, Mao Q, Zeng L, Zheng P, Qin Y, Ye F, Lian B, Zhou C, Wang H, Zhou W, Xie P. Effects of chronic stress on intestinal amino acid pathways. Physiol Behav 2019; 204:199-209. [PMID: 30831184 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating mental disorder with a high prevalence and severe impacts on quality of life. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying MDD remain poorly understood. Here, we used high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection-based targeted metabolomics to identify amino acid changes in the small intestine, in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the correlations between amino acid changes and behavioral outcomes. Western blot analysis was employed to verify intestinal amino acid transport function. Moreover, we performed an integrated analysis of related differential amino acids in the hippocampus, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), urine and cerebellum identified in our previous studies using the CUMS rat model to further our understanding of amino acid metabolism in depression. Decreased concentrations of glutamine and glycine and upregulation of aspartic acid were found in CUMS model rats. These changes were significantly correlated with depressive-like behaviors. Western blot analysis revealed that CUMS rats exhibited a reduction in the expression levels of amino acid transporters ASCT2 and B0AT1, as well as an increase in LAT1 expression. Impaired transport of glycine and glutamine into the small intestine may contribute to a central deficiency. The current findings suggest that the glycine and glutamine uptake systems may be potential therapeutic targets for depression. The integrated analysis strategy used in the current study may provide new insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the gut-brain axis, and help to elucidate the pathophysiological changes in central and peripheral systems in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Ning Xia Medical University, Yin Chuan, Ning Xia 750004, China
| | - Xue Gong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qiang Mao
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yinhua Qin
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bin Lian
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China.
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7
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Dolev N, Katz Z, Ludmer Z, Ullmann A, Brauner N, Goikhman R. New insights into chelator recycling by a chelating resin: From molecular mechanisms to applicability. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:800-806. [PMID: 30359949 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As part of the project of developing a "green" and highly feasible soil remediation process, recycling an eco-friendly chelating agent, glycine, using Chelex-100 chelating resin, was studied. Two model complexes, copper and nickel glycinates, were tested under various conditions, including equivalent viscosity but different temperature conditions. Two similar complexes demonstrated very different reactivity towards Chelex-100. An in-depth study led to the discovery of unusual metal-dependent mechanisms of the complex-to-resin metal transfer. Particularly, nickel transfer proceeds via a dissociative mechanism, whereas copper transfer does not require pre-dissociation of the complexes, and proceeds via the associative ligand-exchange mechanism. Both processes result in the recovery of the used chelator. The glycine solution was applied on the spiked soil, then recovered on Chelex-100 resin and successfully reused, thus demonstrating a proof of the concept. These findings contribute to the science, strategies, and methodology of both water purification and chelator recycling fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Dolev
- Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Zhanna Katz
- Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Zvi Ludmer
- Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Amos Ullmann
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Neima Brauner
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Roman Goikhman
- Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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8
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Francioso A, Fanelli S, Vigli D, Ricceri L, Cavallaro RA, Baseggio Conrado A, Fontana M, D'Erme M, Mosca L. HPLC Determination of Bioactive Sulfur Compounds, Amino Acids and Biogenic Amines in Biological Specimens. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 975 Pt 1:535-549. [PMID: 28849480 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest for analytical methods aimed to detect biological sulfur-containing amines, because of their involvement in human diseases and metabolic disorders. This work describes an improved HPLC method for the determination of sulfur containing amino acids and amines from different biological matrices. We optimized a pre-column derivatization procedure using dabsyl chloride, in which dabsylated products can be monitored spectrophotometrically at 460 nm. This method allows the simultaneous analysis of biogenic amines, amino acids and sulfo-amino compounds including carnosine, dopamine, epinephrine, glutathione, cysteine, taurine, lanthionine, and cystathionine in brain specimens, urines, plasma, and cell lysates. Moreover, the method is suitable for the study of physiological and non-physiological derivatives of taurine and glutathione such as hypotaurine, homotaurine, homocysteic acid and S-acetylglutathione. The present method displays good efficiency of derivatization, having the advantage to give rise to stable products compared to other derivatizing agents such as o-phthalaldehyde and dansyl chloride.With this method, we provide a tool to study sulfur cycle from a metabolic point of view in relation to the pattern of biological amino-compounds, allowing researchers to get a complete scenario of organic sulfur and amino metabolism in tissues and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Francioso
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sergio Fanelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Vigli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Ricceri
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria A Cavallaro
- Department of Surgery "P. Valdoni", Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa, 14, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Baseggio Conrado
- Photobiology Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and School of Medicine, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Mario Fontana
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria D'Erme
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185, Rome, Italy
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9
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Liu SJ, Xu JJ, Ma CL, Guo CF. A comparative analysis of derivatization strategies for the determination of biogenic amines in sausage and cheese by HPLC. Food Chem 2018; 266:275-283. [PMID: 30381186 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The six biogenic amines in sausage and cheese were analyzed by HPLC with UV detection after off-line derivatization with dansyl chloride, 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride, benzoyl chloride and dabsyl chloride, respectively. The results showed that both the off-line 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl and dabsyl derivatization were not suitable for HPLC analysis of biogenic amines when batch injection was used because the derivatives were instable, whereas both the off-line dansyl and benzoyl derivatization were suitable for HPLC analysis of biogenic amines when batch injection was used, but the latter needed to maintain the derivatives at 4 °C to ensure that benzoylated tyramine was not degraded when waiting for the analysis. The off-line dansyl derivatization had an obvious advantage in the analysis of biogenic amines in sausage and cheese samples by HPLC combined with batch injection because the method has a wider linear range and higher sensitivity, accuracy, precision and stability of the derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Juan-Juan Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chang-Lu Ma
- Department of Food and Bio-engineering, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing 102442, China
| | - Chun-Feng Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Shen HY, Moonjai N, Verstrepen KJ, Delvaux FR. Impact of Attachment Immobilization on Yeast Physiology and Fermentation Performance. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-61-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H.-Y. Shen
- Centre for Malting and Brewing Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - N. Moonjai
- Centre for Malting and Brewing Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - K. J. Verstrepen
- Centre for Malting and Brewing Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - F. R. Delvaux
- Centre for Malting and Brewing Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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11
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Bozoudi D, Kondyli E, Claps S, Hatzikamari M, Michaelidou A, Biliaderis CG, Litopoulou-Tzanetaki E. Compositional characteristics and volatile organic compounds of traditional PDO Feta cheese made in two different mountainous areas of Greece. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Despina Bozoudi
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Faculty of Agriculture; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; 54124 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Efthymia Kondyli
- Dairy Research Institute; NAGREF; Ethnikis Antistaseos 3, Katsikas Ioannina 45221 Greece
| | - Salvatore Claps
- Unita di Ricerca per la Zootecnia Estensiva; CRA-ZOE, Consilio per la Ricerca e Sperimentazione in Agricoltura; Bella (PZ) Italy
| | - Magdalini Hatzikamari
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Faculty of Agriculture; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; 54124 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Alexandra Michaelidou
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Faculty of Agriculture; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; 54124 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Costas G Biliaderis
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Faculty of Agriculture; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; 54124 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Evanthia Litopoulou-Tzanetaki
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Faculty of Agriculture; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; 54124 Thessaloniki Greece
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12
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D'Alessandro G, Grimaldi A, Chece G, Porzia A, Esposito V, Santoro A, Salvati M, Mainiero F, Ragozzino D, Di Angelantonio S, Wulff H, Catalano M, Limatola C. KCa3.1 channel inhibition sensitizes malignant gliomas to temozolomide treatment. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30781-96. [PMID: 27096953 PMCID: PMC5058717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are among the most frequent and aggressive cerebral tumors, characterized by high proliferative and invasive indexes. Standard therapy for patients, after surgery and radiotherapy, consists of temozolomide (TMZ), a methylating agent that blocks tumor cell proliferation. Currently, there are no therapies aimed at reducing tumor cell invasion. Ion channels are candidate molecular targets involved in glioma cell migration and infiltration into the brain parenchyma. In this paper we demonstrate that: i) blockade of the calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1 with TRAM-34 has co-adjuvant effects with TMZ, reducing GL261 glioma cell migration, invasion and colony forming activity, increasing apoptosis, and forcing cells to pass the G2/M cell cycle phase, likely through cdc2 de-phosphorylation; ii) KCa3.1 silencing potentiates the inhibitory effect of TMZ on glioma cell viability; iii) the combination of TMZ/TRAM-34 attenuates the toxic effects of glioma conditioned medium on neuronal cultures, through a microglia dependent mechanism since the effect is abolished by clodronate-induced microglia killing; iv) TMZ/TRAM-34 co-treatment increases the number of apoptotic tumor cells, and the mean survival time in a syngeneic mouse glioma model (C57BL6 mice implanted with GL261 cells); v) TMZ/TRAM-34 co-treatment reduces cell viability of GBM cells and cancer stem cells (CSC) freshly isolated from patients.Taken together, these data suggest a new therapeutic approach for malignant glioma, targeting both glioma cell proliferating and migration, and demonstrate that TMZ/TRAM-34 co-treatment affects both glioma cells and infiltrating microglia, resulting in an overall reduction of tumor cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina D'Alessandro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alfonso Grimaldi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chece
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Porzia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Esposito
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Salvati
- Department of Science and Medical Surgical Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mainiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Ragozzino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Angelantonio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life Nanoscience Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Myriam Catalano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Pasteur Institute Rome-Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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13
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Singh B, Sahu PM, Sharma RA. Effect of elicitors on the production of pyrroloquinazoline alkaloids by stimulating anthranilate synthase activity in Adhatoda vasica Nees cell cultures. PLANTA 2017; 246:1125-1137. [PMID: 28819874 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyrroloquinazoline alkaloids are medicinally important compounds, determined by HPLC from cell cultures of Adhatoda vasica . The maximum production of vasicinone (12-fold) and vasicine (8.3-fold) was enhanced by stimulating the anthranilate synthase activity via feeding of tryptophan and sorbitol. The decoction of Adhatoda vasica leaves is used for the treatment of throat irritations, inflammations and recommended as expectorant. The plant species contains pyrroloquinazoline alkaloids and has been reported to demonstrate various biological activities. To investigate the effect of elicitors to increase the production of alkaloids, five groups (auxins and cytokinins, biotic elicitors, polysaccharides, amino acids and salts) of elicitors were evaluated. Maximum production of vasicinone (72.74 ± 0.74 mg/g DW; 12-fold) and vasicine (99.44 ± 0.28 mg/g DW; 8.3-fold) was enhanced by feeding of tryptophan and sorbitol at 50 mM concentration in cell cultures. Fourteen free amino acids were estimated from the elicited cells. Sorbitol stimulated up to a maximum accumulation of serine (8.2-fold). The maximal anthranilate synthase (AS) activity (7.5 ± 0.47 pkat/mg protein; 2.9-fold) was induced by salicylic acid and sorbitol. Anthranilate synthase functions as rate-limiting factor for the biosynthesis of pyrroloquinazoline alkaloids. Our results support the widespread use of tryptophan and sorbitol as elicitors to raise the production of vasicinone, vasicine, 2-acetyl benzyl amine and other pyrroloquinazoline alkaloids in cell cultures of A. vasica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Singh
- Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303 002, India.
| | - Pooran M Sahu
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302 004, India
| | - Ram A Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302 004, India
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14
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Ávila M, Gómez-Torres N, Delgado D, Gaya P, Garde S. Effect of high-pressure treatments on proteolysis, volatile compounds, texture, colour, and sensory characteristics of semi-hard raw ewe milk cheese. Food Res Int 2017; 100:595-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Manig F, Kuhne K, von Neubeck C, Schwarzenbolz U, Yu Z, Kessler BM, Pietzsch J, Kunz-Schughart LA. The why and how of amino acid analytics in cancer diagnostics and therapy. J Biotechnol 2017; 242:30-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Garde S, Gómez-Torres N, Delgado D, Gaya P, Ávila M. Influence of reuterin-producing Lactobacillus reuteri coupled with glycerol on biochemical, physical and sensory properties of semi-hard ewe milk cheese. Food Res Int 2016; 90:177-185. [PMID: 29195870 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The biochemical, physical and sensory characteristics of ewe milk cheeses made with reuterin-producing Lactobacillus reuteri and glycerol (substrate for reuterin production) were assessed. Cheese made with lactococci starter (CTRL), cheese made with starter and L. reuteri (SLR), and cheese made with starter, L. reuteri and 30mM glycerol (SLR-G) were manufactured. L. reuteri reached counts above 7logcfu/g on day 1. Lactococci survival was enhanced in SLR cheese without affecting cheese pH, dry matter, proteolysis, concentration of most free amino acids (FAA), textural and most color parameters, or sensory characteristics. In situ production of reuterin by L. reuteri was only detected in SLR-G cheese, decreasing LAB counts although acidification remained unaffected. SLR-G cheese showed higher values of cell free aminopeptidase activity, overall proteolysis and FAA, particularly glutamic acid, than CTRL and SLR cheeses. The addition of L. reuteri-glycerol resulted in lower hardness and elasticity values in SLR-G cheese and influenced its L*, a* and b* color parameters. However, these changes, which were detected by instrumental analysis, did not affect the sensory scores for texture and color quality of SLR-G cheese, and it received the highest scores for taste quality. Our results suggest that L. reuteri-glycerol may provide a suitable system to release the antimicrobial reuterin in cheese without affecting negatively its sensory characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Garde
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Carretera de La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Gómez-Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Carretera de La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Delgado
- Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Estación Tecnológica de la Leche, Carretera de Autilla s/n, 34071 Palencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Gaya
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Carretera de La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ávila
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Carretera de La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Adefegha SA, Oboh G, Adefegha OM, Henle T. Alligator pepper/Grain of Paradise ( Aframomum melegueta ) modulates Angiotensin-I converting enzyme activity, lipid profile and oxidative imbalances in a rat model of hypercholesterolemia. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2016; 23:191-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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18
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Gómez-Torres N, Ávila M, Delgado D, Garde S. Effect of reuterin-producing Lactobacillus reuteri coupled with glycerol on the volatile fraction, odour and aroma of semi-hard ewe milk cheese. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 232:103-10. [PMID: 27289193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the biopreservation system formed by Lactobacillus reuteri INIA P572, a reuterin-producing strain, and glycerol (required for reuterin production), on the volatile fraction, aroma and odour of industrial sized semi-hard ewe milk cheese (Castellano type) was investigated over a 3-month ripening period. The volatile compounds were extracted and analyzed by SPME-GC-MS and cheese odour and aroma profiles were studied by descriptive sensory analysis. Control cheese was made only with a mesophilic starter and experimental cheeses with L. reuteri were made with and without glycerol. The addition of L. reuteri INIA P572 to milk enhanced the formation of six volatile compounds. Despite the changes in the volatile compounds profile, the use of L. reuteri INIA P572 did not noticeably affect the sensory characteristics of cheese. On the other hand, the addition of L. reuteri INIA P572 coupled with 30mM glycerol enhanced the formation of twelve volatile compounds, but decreased the formation of five ones. The use of the biopreservation system did not affect overall odour and aroma quality of cheese although it resulted in a significant decrease of the odour intensity scores. In addition, this cheese received significant higher scores for "cheesy" aroma and significant lower scores for the aroma attributes "milky", "caramel" and "yogurt-like". The first two axes of a principal component analysis (PCA) performed for selected volatile compounds and sensory characteristics, accounting for 75% of the variability between cheeses, separated cheeses made with L. reuteri INIA P572 and glycerol from the rest of cheeses, and also differentiated control cheese from cheeses made with L. reuteri INIA P572 from day 60 onward. Our results showed that the reuterin-producing L. reuteri INIA P572 strain, when coupled with glycerol, may be a suitable biopreservation system to use in cheese without affecting odour and aroma quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gómez-Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Carretera de La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ávila
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Carretera de La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Delgado
- Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Estación Tecnológica de la Leche, Carretera de Autilla s/n, 34071 Palencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Garde
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Carretera de La Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Putrescine production by Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris CECT 8666 is reduced by NaCl via a decrease in bacterial growth and the repression of the genes involved in putrescine production. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 232:1-6. [PMID: 27218410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of NaCl in food is a public health priority; high NaCl intakes have been associated with serious health problems. However, it is reported that reducing the NaCl content of cheeses may lead to an increase in the content of biogenic amines (BAs). The present work examines the effect of NaCl on the accumulation of putrescine (one of the BAs often detected at high concentration in cheese) in experimental Cabrales-like cheeses containing Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris CECT 8666, a dairy strain that catabolises agmatine to putrescine via the agmatine deiminase (AGDI) pathway. The genes responsible for this pathway are grouped in the AGDI cluster. This comprises a regulatory gene (aguR) (transcribed independently), followed by the catabolic genes that together form an operon (aguBDAC). Reducing the NaCl concentration of the cheese led to increased putrescine accumulation. In contrast, increasing the NaCl concentration of both pH-uncontrolled and pH-controlled (pH 6) cultures of L. lactis subsp. cremoris CECT 8666 significantly inhibited its growth and the production of putrescine. Such production appeared to be inhibited via a reduction in the transcription of the aguBDAC operon; no effect on the transcription of aguR was recorded. The present results suggest that low-sodium cheeses are at risk of accumulating higher concentrations of putrescine.
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20
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Alegría Á, González P, Delgado S, Flórez AB, Hernández-Barranco AM, Rodríguez A, Mayo B. Characterisation of the technological behaviour of mixtures of mesophilic lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional cheeses made of raw milk without added starters. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Alegría
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica; Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC); Paseo Río Linares s/n 33300 Villaviciosa Asturias Spain
| | - Pablo González
- Departamento de Tecnología y Biotecnología; Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC); Paseo Río Linares s/n 33300 Villaviciosa Asturias Spain
| | - Susana Delgado
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica; Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC); Paseo Río Linares s/n 33300 Villaviciosa Asturias Spain
| | - Ana Belén Flórez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica; Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC); Paseo Río Linares s/n 33300 Villaviciosa Asturias Spain
| | - Ana María Hernández-Barranco
- Servicios Científico-Técnicos; Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC); Paseo Río Linares s/n 33300 Villaviciosa Asturias Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- Departamento de Tecnología y Biotecnología; Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC); Paseo Río Linares s/n 33300 Villaviciosa Asturias Spain
| | - Baltasar Mayo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica; Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC); Paseo Río Linares s/n 33300 Villaviciosa Asturias Spain
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21
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A rapid hydrolysis method and DABS-Cl derivatization for complete amino acid analysis of octreotide acetate by reversed phase HPLC. Amino Acids 2015; 47:2255-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Effect of Pre-Stressing on the Acid-Stress Response in Bifidobacterium Revealed Using Proteomic and Physiological Approaches. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117702. [PMID: 25689631 PMCID: PMC4331358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Weak acid resistance limits the application of Bifidobacteria as a probiotic in food. The acid tolerance response (ATR), caused by pre-stressing cells at a sublethal pH, could improve the acid resistance of Bifidobacteria to subsequent acid stress. In this study, we used Bifidobacterium longum sub. longum BBMN68 to investigate the effect of the ATR on the acid stress response (ASR), and compared the difference between the ATR and the ASR by analyzing the two-dimensional-PAGE protein profiles and performing physiological tests. The results revealed that a greater abundance of proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism and protein protection was present after the ASR than after the ATR in Bifidobacterium. Pre-stressing cells increased the abundance of proteins involved in energy production, amino acid metabolism, and peptidoglycan synthesis during the ASR of Bifidobacterium. Moreover, after the ASR, the content of ATP, NH3, thiols, and peptidoglycan, the activity of H+-ATPase, and the maintenance of the intracellular pH in the pre-stressed Bifidobacterium cells was significantly higher than in the uninduced cells. These results provide the first explanation as to why the resistance of Bifidobacterium to acid stress improved after pre-stressing.
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23
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Tuberoso CIG, Congiu F, Serreli G, Mameli S. Determination of dansylated amino acids and biogenic amines in Cannonau and Vermentino wines by HPLC-FLD. Food Chem 2014; 175:29-35. [PMID: 25577047 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Free amino acids (AA) and biogenic amines (BA) were quantified for the first time in Cannonau and Vermentino wines, the two most popular "Controlled Designation of Origin" wines from Sardinia (Italy). An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of AA and BA was developed, using selective derivatization with dansyl chloride followed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Thirty-two compounds were identified in the wines analysed. High levels of AA were found, with proline being the most abundant with average levels of 1244 ± 398 and 1008 ± 281 mg/L in Cannonau and Vermentino wines, respectively. BA were detected at average concentrations <10mg/L, except putrescine which reached 20.5 ± 10.2mg/L in Cannonau wines. Histamine was never detected in any Vermentino wines. γ-Aminobutyric acid, 4-hydroxyproline, glycine, leucine+isoleucine and putrescine proved to be useful for differentiating Cannonau wines from Vermentino wines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Congiu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Serreli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Mameli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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24
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Calzada J, del Olmo A, Picon A, Gaya P, Nuñez M. Effect of High-Pressure Processing on the Microbiology, Proteolysis, Biogenic Amines and Flavour of Cheese Made from Unpasteurized Milk. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-014-1406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Calzada J, del Olmo A, Picon A, Gaya P, Nuñez M. Effect of high-pressure-processing on the microbiology, proteolysis, texture and flavour of Brie cheese during ripening and refrigerated storage. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Ananou S, Zentar H, Martínez-Bueno M, Gálvez A, Maqueda M, Valdivia E. The impact of enterocin AS-48 on the shelf-life and safety of sardines (Sardina pilchardus) under different storage conditions. Food Microbiol 2014; 44:185-95. [PMID: 25084662 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of enterocin AS-48, packaged under normal atmosphere (NA), vacuum (VP) or modified atmosphere (MAP) on the shelf life and safety of fresh sardines (Sardina pilchardus) stored at 5 °C. We studied the effect of these hurdles, alone or combined, on the relevant autochthonous bacterial populations. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content was used as indicative of freshness. Levels of biogenic amines cadaverine, putrescine, tyramine, and histamine were also determined. The application of AS-48 did not reduce the mesophilic, psychrotrophic, or Gram negative bacteria viable cell counts under any of the storage conditions tested. AS-48 did cause significant reductions in viable staphylococci counts, especially under VP. In sardines under NA treated with AS-48, the populations of histamine- and tyramine-forming total and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) showed no significant reductions. MAP or VP with AS-48 allowed reductions (significant at some storage times) in histamine- and tyramine-forming LAB. The TVB-N content was also reduced under normal atmosphere and, especially, in sardines stored under MAP. The most interesting results are those concerning the decrease (by several fold) in the levels of the biogenic amines cadaverine, putrescine, tyramine, and histamine determined after treatment with AS-48.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ananou
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Fuente Nueva s/n, 19071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - H Zentar
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - M Martínez-Bueno
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Fuente Nueva s/n, 19071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - A Gálvez
- Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas, Jaén, Spain
| | - M Maqueda
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Fuente Nueva s/n, 19071 Granada, Spain
| | - E Valdivia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Fuente Nueva s/n, 19071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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A fast, reliable, ultra high performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of amino acids, biogenic amines and ammonium ions in cheese, using diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate as a derivatising agent. Food Chem 2013; 139:1029-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Calzada J, Del Olmo A, Picon A, Gaya P, Nuñez M. Proteolysis and biogenic amine buildup in high-pressure treated ovine milk blue-veined cheese. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:4816-29. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Transcriptome-based characterization of interactions between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus in lactose-grown chemostat cocultures. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:5949-61. [PMID: 23872557 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01115-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts and lactic acid bacteria occur in many dairy, food, and beverage fermentations, but knowledge about their interactions is incomplete. In the present study, interactions between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, two microorganisms that co-occur in kefir fermentations, were studied during anaerobic growth on lactose. By combining physiological and transcriptome analysis of the two strains in the cocultures, five mechanisms of interaction were identified. (i) Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus hydrolyzes lactose, which cannot be metabolized by S. cerevisiae, to galactose and glucose. Subsequently, galactose, which cannot be metabolized by Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, is excreted and provides a carbon source for yeast. (ii) In pure cultures, Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus grows only in the presence of increased CO2 concentrations. In anaerobic mixed cultures, the yeast provides this CO2 via alcoholic fermentation. (iii) Analysis of amino acid consumption from the defined medium indicated that S. cerevisiae supplied alanine to the bacterium. (iv) A mild but significant low-iron response in the yeast transcriptome, identified by DNA microarray analysis, was consistent with the chelation of iron by the lactate produced by Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. (v) Transcriptome analysis of Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus in mixed cultures showed an overrepresentation of transcripts involved in lipid metabolism, suggesting either a competition of the two microorganisms for fatty acids or a response to the ethanol produced by S. cerevisiae. This study demonstrates that chemostat-based transcriptome analysis is a powerful tool to investigate microbial interactions in mixed populations.
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30
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Calzada J, del Olmo A, Picon A, Gaya P, Nuñez M. Using High-Pressure Processing for Reduction of Proteolysis and Prevention of Over-ripening of Raw Milk Cheese. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-013-1141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Stressler T, Eisele T, Fischer L. Simultaneous monitoring of twelve angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides during enzymatic β-casein hydrolysis using Lactobacillus peptidases. Int Dairy J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Fiechter G, Sivec G, Mayer HK. Application of UHPLC for the simultaneous analysis of free amino acids and biogenic amines in ripened acid-curd cheeses. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 927:191-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bioanalytical LC separation techniques for quantitative analysis of free amino acids in human plasma. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:495-512. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantitative analysis of free amino acids in human plasma has become an important and essential analysis parameter in different areas of life sciences. Free amino acid concentrations in human plasma samples are generally determined by means of GC or LC after chemical derivatization followed by UV, fluorescent or MS detection of the amino acid derivatives. Derivatization of free amino acids is done either pre- or post-column, and the amino acid derivatives obtained posess improved chromatographic behavior, increased detection sensitivity and selectivity compared with non-derivatized free amino acids. This work gives an overview of different chemical derivatization methods applied and their liquid separation techniques in bioanalytical assays for quantitative free amino acid analysis in human plasma samples. Important plasma preparation procedures, pre- and post-column derivatization, and different LC separation techniques are presented.
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Spizzirri UG, Restuccia D, Curcio M, Parisi OI, Iemma F, Picci N. Determination of biogenic amines in different cheese samples by LC with evaporative light scattering detector. J Food Compost Anal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Quantification of dabsylated di- and tri-peptides in fermented milk. Food Chem 2012; 135:2808-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Russo P, Fernández de Palencia P, Romano A, Fernández M, Lucas P, Spano G, López P. Biogenic amine production by the wine Lactobacillus brevis IOEB 9809 in systems that partially mimic the gastrointestinal tract stress. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:247. [PMID: 23113922 PMCID: PMC3499163 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ingestion of fermented foods containing high levels of biogenic amines (BA) can be deleterious to human health. Less obvious is the threat posed by BA producing organisms contained within the food which, in principle, could form BA after ingestion even if the food product itself does not initially contain high BA levels. In this work we have investigated the production of tyramine and putrescine by Lactobacillus brevis IOEB 9809, of wine origin, under simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions. Results An in vitro model that simulates the normal physiological conditions in the human digestive tract, as well as Caco-2 epithelial human cell lines, was used to challenge L. brevis IOEB 9809, which produced both tyramine and putrescine under all conditions tested. In the presence of BA precursors and under mild gastric stress, a correlation between enhancement of bacterial survival and a synchronous transcriptional activation of the tyramine and putrescine biosynthetic pathways was detected. High levels of both BA were observed after exposure of the bacterium to Caco-2 cells. Conclusions L. brevis IOEB 9809 can produce tyramine and putrescine under simulated human digestive tract conditions. The results indicate that BA production may be a mechanism that increases bacterial survival under gastric stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Russo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Infection Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, C.S.I.C., Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Coghe S, D'Hollander H, Verachtert H, Delvaux FR. Impact of Dark Specialty Malts on Extract Composition and Wort Fermentation. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2005.tb00648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Combined effect of high pressure treatments and the lactoperoxidase system on the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in cold-smoked salmon. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ladero V, Cañedo E, Pérez M, Martín MC, Fernández M, Alvarez MA. Multiplex qPCR for the detection and quantification of putrescine-producing lactic acid bacteria in dairy products. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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40
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Montiel R, Cabeza MC, Bravo D, Gaya P, Cambero I, Ordóñez JA, Nuñez M, Medina M. A Comparison Between E-Beam Irradiation and High-Pressure Treatment for Cold-Smoked Salmon Sanitation: Shelf-Life, Colour, Texture and Sensory Characteristics. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-012-0954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lacroix C, Saussereau E. Fast liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry determination of cannabinoids in micro volume blood samples after dabsyl derivatization. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 905:85-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sen S, Roychoudhury PK. Development of optimal medium for production of commercially important monoclonal antibody 520C9 by hybridoma cell. Cytotechnology 2012; 65:233-52. [PMID: 22810175 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridoma HB-8696 produces monoclonal antibody (mAb) 520C9 (mouse IgG(1)), which recognizes breast cancer oncoprotein c-erbB2. The objective of this study was to optimize the medium recipe of HB 8696 cell for production of mAb 520C9. The optimization consisted of two steps: (1) screening of significant nutrients to make subsequent experiments more efficient with less runs and (2) locating their optimal concentrations. 29 variables including essential and non-essential amino acids, glucose, serum and 6 salts, namely NaCl, KCl, CaCl(2), NaH(2)PO(4), MgSO(4) and Na-pyruvate were chosen in screening phase. The Plackett-Burman method was used to screen the variables influencing mAb production. Seven factors namely glucose, serum, asparagine, threonine, serine, NaCl and NaH(2)PO(4) were identified to have a positive influencing role on mAb production with a confidence level >90 % (p < 0.1). Finally, Response surface methodology revealed the optimal level of the variables. The mAb production and average specific mAb production rate were enhanced by 111.05 and 105 %, respectively, compared to control medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucharita Sen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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43
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High-Pressure Treatment and Freezing of Raw Goat Milk Curd for Cheese Manufacture: Effects on Cheese Characteristics. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-012-0923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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44
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Alonso R, Picon A, Gaya P, Fernández-García E, Nuñez M. Effect of high-pressure treatment of ewe raw milk curd at 200 and 300 MPa on characteristics of Hispánico cheese. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:3501-13. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Herrero-Fresno A, Martínez N, Sánchez-Llana E, Díaz M, Fernández M, Martin MC, Ladero V, Alvarez MA. Lactobacillus casei strains isolated from cheese reduce biogenic amine accumulation in an experimental model. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 157:297-304. [PMID: 22721727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Tyramine and histamine are the biogenic amines (BAs) most commonly found in cheese, in which they appear as a result of the microbial enzymatic decarboxylation of tyrosine and histidine respectively. Given their toxic effects, their presence in high concentrations in foods should be avoided. In this work, samples of three cheeses (Zamorano, Cabrales and Emmental) with long ripening periods, and that often have high BA concentrations, were screened for the presence of BA-degrading lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Seventeen isolates were found that were able to degrade tyramine and histamine in broth culture. All 17 isolates were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as belonging to Lactobacillus casei. They were typed by plasmid S1-PFGE and genomic macrorestriction-PFGE analysis. Two strains (L. casei 4a and 5b) associated with high degradation rates for both BAs were selected to test how this ability might affect histamine and tyramine accumulation in a Cabrales-like mini-cheese manufacturing model. The quantification of BAs and the monitoring of the strains' growth over ripening were undertaken by RP-HPLC and qPCR respectively. Both strains were found to reduce histamine and tyramine accumulation. These two strains might be suitable for use as adjunct cultures for reducing the presence of BAs in cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Herrero-Fresno
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
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Yang NC, Jhou KY, Tseng CY. Antihypertensive effect of mulberry leaf aqueous extract containing γ-aminobutyric acid in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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47
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Linares DM, Fernández M, Del-Río B, Ladero V, Martin MC, Alvarez MA. The tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase like gene located in the tyramine biosynthesis cluster of Enterococcus durans is transcriptionally regulated by tyrosine concentration and extracellular pH. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:23. [PMID: 22333391 PMCID: PMC3315439 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The tyramine producer Enterococcus durans IPLA655 contains all the necessary genes for tyramine biosynthesis, grouped in the TDC cluster. This cluster includes tyrS, an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase like gene. Results This work shows that tyrS was maximally transcribed in absence of tyrosine at acidic pH, showing a greater than 10-fold induction in mRNA levels over levels occurring in presence of tyrosine. Mapping of the tyrS transcriptional start site revealed an unusually long untranslated leader region of 322 bp, which displays the typical features of the T box transcriptional attenuation mechanism. The tyrosine concentration regulation of tyrS was found to be mediated by a transcription antitermination system, whereas the specific induction at acidic pH was regulated at transcription initiation level. Conclusions The expression of the tyrS gene present in the TDC cluster of E. durans is transcriptionally regulated by tyrosine concentration and extracelular pH. The regulation is mediated by both an antitermination system and the promoter itself.
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48
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Montiel R, De Alba M, Bravo D, Gaya P, Medina M. Effect of high pressure treatments on smoked cod quality during refrigerated storage. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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49
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De Mey E, Drabik-Markiewicz G, De Maere H, Peeters MC, Derdelinckx G, Paelinck H, Kowalska T. Dabsyl derivatisation as an alternative for dansylation in the detection of biogenic amines in fermented meat products by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Fish WW. A Reliable Methodology for Quantitative Extraction of Fruit and Vegetable Physiological Amino Acids and Their Subsequent Analysis with Commonly Available HPLC Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2012.36115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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