1
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Nguyen NM, Nakao K, Kobayashi R, Taniguchi H, Yokoyama F, Horiuchi JI, Kumada Y. Generation of rabbit single-chain variable fragments with different physicochemical and biological properties by complementary determining region-grafting technology. J Biosci Bioeng 2024:S1389-1723(24)00198-1. [PMID: 39198103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we have demonstrated a complementary-determining region (CDR) grafting technology for the generation of rabbit scFvs with different antigen recognition and physicochemical properties. The antigen-binding affinity of the CDR-grafted anti-CRP scFv, C1R/B1R (V1), which was generated by the CDR/framework region (CDR/FR) definition based on the traditional numbering rule, was insufficient when compared to that of the original clone, C1R, suggesting that the amino acid residues outside the original CDRs might significantly contribute to antigen recognition in rabbit scFvs. We redefined new CDRs and FRs to maintain antigen-binding affinities through the extension of multiple amino acid residues for CDRH1 and CDRH2, based on the amino acid sequence alignments of rabbit scFvs isolated from phage libraries. The new version successfully maintained the antigen binding affinity. CDR-grafted scFvs possessing a common CDR sequence and different FR sequences were successfully generated based on this new CDR/FR definition, and their physicochemical properties were further investigated. The antigen-binding activities of rabbit scFvs on Maxisorp varied between the tested clones in sandwich ELISA, supporting the idea that the combination of CDR with different FRs might change the physicochemical properties of scFvs on a solid material. The CDR-grafted scFvs possessing a frame sequence of anti-CRP scFv C2R maintained the ability to bind to protein L and were successfully purified. Expression titers showed improved solubility by diminishing the amount of insoluble scFvs. Thus, the method developed in this study is promising for generating alternatives with strict antigen binding recognition and different physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Minh Nguyen
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kiichi Nakao
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Ryo Kobayashi
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Haruka Taniguchi
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Fuki Yokoyama
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Horiuchi
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kumada
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
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2
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Yang X, Liu L, Feng Y, Guo X, Wu Y, Gao Q, Zhang C, Qi H. Automatic Electrochemiluminescence Method for the Detection of Cancerous Exosomes Incorporating Specific Aptamer-Magnetic Beads and Signal Nanoprobes. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10459-10466. [PMID: 38866706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, as an emerging biomarker, have exhibited remarkable promise in early cancer diagnosis. Here, a highly sensitive, selective, and automatic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) method for the detection of cancerous exosomes was developed. Specific aptamer-(EK)4 peptide-tagged magnetic beads (MBs-(EK)4-aptamer) were designed as a magnetic capture probe in which the (EK)4 peptide was used to reduce the steric binding hindrance of cancerous exosomes with a specific aptamer. One new universal ECL signal nanoprobe (CD9 Ab-PEG@SiO2ϵRu(bpy)32+) was designed and synthesized by using microporous SiO2 nanoparticles as the carrier for loading ECL reagent Ru(bpy)32+, polyethylene glycol (PEG) layer, and anticluster of differentiation 9 antibody (CD9 Ab). A "sandwich" biocomplex was formed on the surface of the magnetic capture probe after mixing the capture probe, target exosomes, and ECL signal nanoprobe, and then it was introduced into an automated ECL analyzer for rapid and automatic ECL measurement. It was found that the designed signal nanoprobe shows a 270-fold improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio than that of the ruthenium complex-labeled CD9 antibody signal probe. The relative ECL intensity was proportional to MCF-7 exosomes as a model in the range of 102 to 104 particle/μL, with a detection limit of 11 particle/μL. Furthermore, the ECL method was employed to discriminate cancerous exosomes based on fingerprint responses using the designed multiple magnetic capture probes and the universal ECL signal nanoprobe. This work demonstrates that the utilization of a designed automated ECL tactic using the MBs-(EK)4-aptamer capture probe and the CD9 Ab-PEG@SiO2ϵRu(bpy)32+ signal nanoprobe will provide a unique and robust method for the detection and discrimination of cancerous exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Lining Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yanlong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Guo
- Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi 046000, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Chengxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Honglan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
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3
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Tasić N, Konjević I, Lobato A, Metarapi D, Finšgar M, Oliveira FM, Sofer Z, Gusmão R, Zhang X, Hočevar SB. Study of V 2CT x-MXene Based Immunosensor for Sensitive Label-Free Impedimetric Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30196-30208. [PMID: 38814245 PMCID: PMC11181268 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Rapid and reliable immunosensing is undoubtedly one of the priorities in the efficient management and combat against a pandemic, as society has experienced with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak; simple and cost-effective sensing strategies are at the forefront of these efforts. In this regard, 2D-layered MXenes hold great potential for electrochemical biosensing due to their attractive physicochemical properties. Herein, we present a V2CTx MXene-based sensing layer as an integral part of a label-free immunosensor for sensitive and selective detection of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The sensor was fabricated on a supporting screen-printed carbon electrode using Nafion as an immobilizing agent for MXene and glutaraldehyde, the latter enabling effective binding of protein A for further site-oriented immobilization of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. A thorough structural analysis of the sensor architecture was carried out, and several key parameters affecting the fabrication and analytical performance of the immunosensor were investigated and optimized. The immunosensor showed excellent electroanalytical performance in combination with an impedimetric approach and exhibited a low detection limit of only 45 fM SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Its practical applicability was successfully demonstrated by measuring the spike protein in a spiked artificial nasopharyngeal fluid sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Tasić
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivan Konjević
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alnilan Lobato
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- International
Postgraduate School Jožef Štefan, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dino Metarapi
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University
of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Filipa M. Oliveira
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Zděnek Sofer
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Rui Gusmão
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School
of
Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University
Health Science Center, 3688 Nanhai Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518054, Guangdong P.R. China
| | - Samo B. Hočevar
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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4
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Arai D, Ogata S, Shimizu T, Yang M. Enhancement of Convection and Molecular Transport into Film Stacked Structures by Introduction of Notch Shape for Micro-Immunoassay. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:613. [PMID: 38793185 PMCID: PMC11123275 DOI: 10.3390/mi15050613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
A 3D-stack microfluidic device that can be used in combination with 96-well plates for micro-immunoassay was developed by the authors. ELISA for detecting IgA by the 3D-stack can be performed in one-ninth of the time of the conventional method by using only 96-well plates. In this study, a notched-shape film was designed and utilized for the 3D-stack to promote circulation by enhancing and utilizing the axial flow and circumferential flow in order to further reduce the reaction time. A finite element analysis was performed to evaluate the axial flow and circumferential flow while using the 3D-stack in a well and design the optimal shape. The 3D-stack with the notched-shape film was fabricated and utilized for the binding rate test of the antibody and antigen and ELISA. As a result, by promoting circulation using 3D-stack with notched-shape film, the reaction time for each process of ELISA was reduced to 1 min, which is 1/60 for 96 wells at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ming Yang
- Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Faculty of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; (D.A.); (S.O.); (T.S.)
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5
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Rathi P, Gupta P, Debnath A, Baldi H, Wang Y, Gupta R, Raman B, Singamaneni S. Plasmon-Enhanced Expansion Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37307329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a rapidly emerging super-resolution microscopy technique that involves isotropic expansion of biological samples to improve spatial resolution. However, fluorescence signal dilution due to volumetric expansion is a hindrance to the widespread application of ExM. Here, we introduce plasmon-enhanced expansion microscopy (p-ExM) by harnessing an ultrabright fluorescent nanoconstruct, called plasmonic-fluor (PF), as a nanolabel. The unique structure of PFs renders nearly 15000-fold brighter fluorescence signal intensity and higher fluorescence retention following the ExM protocol (nearly 76%) compared to their conventional counterparts (<16% for IR-650). Individual PFs can be easily imaged using conventional fluorescence microscopes, making them excellent "digital" labels for ExM. We demonstrate that p-ExM enables improved tracing and decrypting of neural networks labeled with PFs, as evidenced by improved quantification of morphological markers (nearly a 2.5-fold increase in number of neurite terminal points). Overall, p-ExM complements the existing ExM techniques for probing structure-function relationships of various biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Rathi
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Prashant Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Avishek Debnath
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Harsh Baldi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Rohit Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Baranidharan Raman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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6
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Electrical biosensing system utilizing ion-producing enzymes conjugated with aptamers for the sensing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2023; 39:100549. [PMID: 36686588 PMCID: PMC9847365 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2023.100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral outbreaks, which include the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic provoked by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are a major global crisis that enormously threaten human health and social activities worldwide. Consequently, the rapid and repeated treatment and isolation of these viruses to control their spread are crucial to address the COVID-19 pandemic and future epidemics of novel emerging viruses. The application of cost-efficient, rapid, and easy-to-operate detection devices with miniaturized footprints as a substitute for the conventional optic-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunoassay tests is critical. In this context, semiconductor-based electrical biosensors are attractive sensing platforms for signal readout. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the electrical sensing of patient-derived SARS-CoV-2 samples by harnessing the activity of DNA aptamers directed against spike proteins on viral surfaces. We obtained rapid and sensitive virus detection beyond the Debye length limitation by exploiting aptamers coupled with alkaline phosphatases, which catalytically generate free hydrogen ions which can readily be measured on pH meters or ion-sensitive field-effect transistors. Furthermore, we demonstrated the detection of the viruses of approximately 100 copies/μL in 10 min, surpassing the capability of typical immunochromatographic assays. Therefore, our newly developed technology has great potential for point-of-care testing not only for SARS-CoV-2, but also for other types of pathogens and biomolecules.
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7
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Chen X, Kang S, Ikbal MA, Zhao Z, Pan Y, Zuo J, Gu L, Wang C. Synthetic nanobody-functionalized nanoparticles for accelerated development of rapid, accessible detection of viral antigens. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 202:113971. [PMID: 35051851 PMCID: PMC8734080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.113971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful control of emerging infectious diseases requires accelerated development of fast, affordable, and accessible assays for wide implementation at a high frequency. This paper presents a design for an in-solution assay pipeline, featuring nanobody-functionalized nanoparticles for rapid, electronic detection (Nano2RED) of Ebola and COVID-19 antigens. Synthetic nanobody binders with high affinity, specificity, and stability are selected from a combinatorial library and site-specifically conjugated to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Without requiring any fluorescent labelling, washing, or enzymatic amplification, these multivalent AuNP sensors reliably transduce antigen binding signals upon mixing into physical AuNP aggregation and sedimentation processes, displaying antigen-dependent optical extinction readily detectable by spectrometry or portable electronic circuitry. With Ebola virus secreted glycoprotein (sGP) and a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) as targets, Nano2RED showed a high sensitivity (the limit of detection of ∼10 pg /mL, or 0.13 pM for sGP and ∼40 pg/mL, or ∼1.3 pM for RBD in diluted human serum), a high specificity, a large dynamic range (∼7 logs),and fast readout within minutes. The rapid detection, low material cost (estimated <$0.01 per test), inexpensive and portable readout system (estimated <$5), and digital data output, make Nano2RED a particularly accessible assay in screening of patient samples towards successful control of infectious diseases.
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8
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Frutiger A, Tanno A, Hwu S, Tiefenauer RF, Vörös J, Nakatsuka N. Nonspecific Binding-Fundamental Concepts and Consequences for Biosensing Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:8095-8160. [PMID: 34105942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nature achieves differentiation of specific and nonspecific binding in molecular interactions through precise control of biomolecules in space and time. Artificial systems such as biosensors that rely on distinguishing specific molecular binding events in a sea of nonspecific interactions have struggled to overcome this issue. Despite the numerous technological advancements in biosensor technologies, nonspecific binding has remained a critical bottleneck due to the lack of a fundamental understanding of the phenomenon. To date, the identity, cause, and influence of nonspecific binding remain topics of debate within the scientific community. In this review, we discuss the evolution of the concept of nonspecific binding over the past five decades based upon the thermodynamic, intermolecular, and structural perspectives to provide classification frameworks for biomolecular interactions. Further, we introduce various theoretical models that predict the expected behavior of biosensors in physiologically relevant environments to calculate the theoretical detection limit and to optimize sensor performance. We conclude by discussing existing practical approaches to tackle the nonspecific binding challenge in vitro for biosensing platforms and how we can both address and harness nonspecific interactions for in vivo systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Frutiger
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Tanno
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Hwu
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Raphael F Tiefenauer
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Nako Nakatsuka
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
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9
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Riches-Duit R, Hassall L, Kogelman A, Westdijk J, Rajagopal S, Davletov B, Doran C, Dobly A, Francotte A, Stickings P. Characterisation of tetanus monoclonal antibodies as a first step towards the development of an in vitro vaccine potency immunoassay. Biologicals 2021; 71:31-41. [PMID: 33910767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Batch release testing for human and veterinary tetanus vaccines still relies heavily on methods that involve animals, particularly for potency testing. The quantity and quality of tetanus antigen present in these products is of utmost importance for product safety and clinical effect. Immunochemical methods that measure consistency of antigen content and quality, potentially as an indicator of potency, could be a better choice and negate the need for an in vivo potency test. These immunochemical methods require at least one well characterised monoclonal antibody (mAb) that is specific for the target antigen. In this paper we report the results of the comprehensive characterisation of a panel of mAbs against tetanus with a view to select antibodies that can be used for development of an in vitro potency immunoassay. We have assessed binding of the antibodies to native antigen (toxin), detoxified antigen (toxoid), adsorbed antigen and heat-altered antigen. Antibody function was determined using an in-house cell-based neutralisation assay to support prior in vivo potency data that was available for some, but not all, of the antibodies. In addition, antibody affinity was measured, and epitope competition analysis was performed to identify pairs of antibodies that could be deployed in a sandwich immunoassay format. Not all characterisation tests provided evidence of "superiority" of one mAb over another, but together the results from all characterisation studies allowed for selection of an antibody pair to be taken forward to assay development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Riches-Duit
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Division of Bacteriology, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Laura Hassall
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Division of Bacteriology, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Amy Kogelman
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology, P.O. Box 450, 3720, AL Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Janny Westdijk
- Institute for Translational Vaccinology, P.O. Box 450, 3720, AL Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Shalini Rajagopal
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Division of Bacteriology, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Bazbek Davletov
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ciara Doran
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alexandre Dobly
- Sciensano, Quality of Vaccines and Blood Products Department, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antoine Francotte
- Sciensano, Quality of Vaccines and Blood Products Department, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Stickings
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Division of Bacteriology, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK.
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10
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Pushkarev AV, Orlov AV, Znoyko SL, Bragina VA, Nikitin PI. Rapid and Easy-to-Use Method for Accurate Characterization of Target Binding and Kinetics of Magnetic Particle Bioconjugates for Biosensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:2802. [PMID: 33921145 PMCID: PMC8071512 DOI: 10.3390/s21082802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ever-increasing use of magnetic particle bioconjugates (MPB) in biosensors calls for methods of comprehensive characterization of their interaction with targets. Label-free optical sensors commonly used for studying inter-molecular interactions have limited potential for MPB because of their large size and multi-component non-transparent structure. We present an easy-to-use method that requires only three 20-min express measurements to determine the key parameters for selection of optimal MPB for a biosensor: kinetic and equilibrium characteristics, and a fraction of biomolecules on the MPB surface that are capable of active targeting. The method also provides a prognostic dependence of MPB targeting efficiency upon interaction duration and sample volume. These features are possible due to joining a magnetic lateral flow assay, a highly sensitive sensor for MPB detection by the magnetic particle quantification technique, and a novel mathematical model that explicitly describes the MPB-target interactions and does not comprise parameters to be fitted additionally. The method was demonstrated by experiments on MPB targeting of cardiac troponin I and staphylococcal enterotoxin B. The validation by an independent label-free technique of spectral-correlation interferometry showed good correlation between the results obtained by both methods. The presented method can be applied to other targets for faster development and selection of MPB for affinity sensors, analytical technologies, and realization of novel concepts of MPB-based biosensing in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Averyan V. Pushkarev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.P.); (A.V.O.); (S.L.Z.); (V.A.B.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskii per., Dolgoprudny, 141700 Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Orlov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.P.); (A.V.O.); (S.L.Z.); (V.A.B.)
| | - Sergey L. Znoyko
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.P.); (A.V.O.); (S.L.Z.); (V.A.B.)
| | - Vera A. Bragina
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.P.); (A.V.O.); (S.L.Z.); (V.A.B.)
| | - Petr I. Nikitin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.P.); (A.V.O.); (S.L.Z.); (V.A.B.)
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11
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Srivastava A, Mallela KMG, Deorkar N, Brophy G. Manufacturing Challenges and Rational Formulation Development for AAV Viral Vectors. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:2609-2624. [PMID: 33812887 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has emerged as a leading platform for gene delivery for treating various diseases due to its excellent safety profile and efficient transduction to various target tissues. However, the large-scale production and long-term storage of viral vectors is not efficient resulting in lower yields, moderate purity, and shorter shelf-life compared to recombinant protein therapeutics. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of upstream, downstream and formulation unit operation challenges encountered during AAV vector manufacturing, and discusses how desired product quality attributes can be maintained throughout product shelf-life by understanding the degradation mechanisms and formulation strategies. The mechanisms of various physical and chemical instabilities that the viral vector may encounter during its production and shelf-life because of various stressed conditions such as thermal, shear, freeze-thaw, and light exposure are highlighted. The role of buffer, pH, excipients, and impurities on the stability of viral vectors is also discussed. As such, the aim of this review is to outline the tools and a potential roadmap for improving the quality of AAV-based drug products by stressing the need for a mechanistic understanding of the involved processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Srivastava
- Biopharma Production, Avantor, Inc., 1013 US Highway, 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, United States.
| | - Krishna M G Mallela
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Boulevard, MS C238-V20, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
| | - Nandkumar Deorkar
- Biopharma Production, Avantor, Inc., 1013 US Highway, 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, United States
| | - Ger Brophy
- Biopharma Production, Avantor, Inc., 1013 US Highway, 202/206, Bridgewater, NJ, United States
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12
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Hentrich C, Kellmann SJ, Putyrski M, Cavada M, Hanuschka H, Knappik A, Ylera F. Periplasmic expression of SpyTagged antibody fragments enables rapid modular antibody assembly. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:813-824.e6. [PMID: 33529581 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are essential tools in research and diagnostics. Although antibody fragments typically obtained from in vitro selection can be rapidly produced in bacteria, the generation of full-length antibodies or the modification of antibodies with probes is time and labor intensive. Protein ligation such as SpyTag technology could covalently attach domains and labels to antibody fragments equipped with a SpyTag. However, we found that the established periplasmic expression of antibody fragments in E. coli led to quantitative cleavage of the SpyTag by the proteases Tsp and OmpT. Here we report successful periplasmic expression of SpyTagged Fab fragments and demonstrate the coupling to separately prepared SpyCatcher modules. We used this modular toolbox of SpyCatcher proteins to generate reagents for a variety of immunoassays and measured their performance in comparison with traditional reagents. Furthermore, we demonstrate surface immobilization, high-throughput screening of antibody libraries, and rapid prototyping of antibodies based on modular antibody assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mateusz Putyrski
- Bio-Rad AbD Serotec GmbH, Zeppelinstraße 4, 82178 Puchheim, Germany
| | - Manuel Cavada
- Bio-Rad AbD Serotec GmbH, Zeppelinstraße 4, 82178 Puchheim, Germany
| | - Hanh Hanuschka
- Bio-Rad AbD Serotec GmbH, Zeppelinstraße 4, 82178 Puchheim, Germany
| | - Achim Knappik
- Bio-Rad AbD Serotec GmbH, Zeppelinstraße 4, 82178 Puchheim, Germany
| | - Francisco Ylera
- Bio-Rad AbD Serotec GmbH, Zeppelinstraße 4, 82178 Puchheim, Germany.
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13
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Traynor SM, Wang GA, Pandey R, Li F, Soleymani L. Dynamic Bio‐Barcode Assay Enables Electrochemical Detection of a Cancer Biomarker in Undiluted Human Plasma: A Sample‐In‐Answer‐Out Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Traynor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering McMaster University 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Guan A. Wang
- Department of Chemistry Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catharines ON Canada
| | - Richa Pandey
- Department of Engineering Physics McMaster University 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Brock University Canada
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering McMaster University 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton ON Canada
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14
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Traynor SM, Wang GA, Pandey R, Li F, Soleymani L. Dynamic Bio‐Barcode Assay Enables Electrochemical Detection of a Cancer Biomarker in Undiluted Human Plasma: A Sample‐In‐Answer‐Out Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22617-22622. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Traynor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering McMaster University 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Guan A. Wang
- Department of Chemistry Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. Catharines ON Canada
| | - Richa Pandey
- Department of Engineering Physics McMaster University 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Brock University Canada
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering McMaster University 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton ON Canada
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15
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Robin M, Tayakout-Fayolle M, Pitault I, Jallut C, Drazek L. Estimation of Kinetic Parameters Involved in Solid-Phase Immunoassays by Affinity Chromatography. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maëlenn Robin
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
- bioMérieux SA, Immuno Innovation Department, 376 chemin de l’Orme, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Mélaz Tayakout-Fayolle
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Isabelle Pitault
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christian Jallut
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Drazek
- bioMérieux SA, Biomathematics Departement, 5 rue des Berges, 38024 Grenoble, France
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16
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Sharafeldin M, Kadimisetty K, Bhalerao KR, Bist I, Jones A, Chen T, Lee NH, Rusling JF. Accessible Telemedicine Diagnostics with ELISA in a 3D Printed Pipette Tip. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7394-7402. [PMID: 31050399 PMCID: PMC7158886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a novel pipet-based "ELISA in a tip" as a new versatile diagnostic tool featuring better sensitivity, shorter incubation time, accessibility, and low sample and reagent volumes compared to traditional ELISA. Capture and analysis of data by a cell phone facilitates electronic delivery of results to health care providers. Pipette tips were designed and 3D printed as adapters to fit most commercial 50-200 μL pipettes. Capture antibodies (Ab1) are immobilized on the inner walls of the pipet tip, which serves as the assay compartment where samples and reagents are moved in and out by pipetting. Signals are generated using colorimetric or chemiluminescent (CL) reagents and can be quantified using a cell phone, CCD camera, or plate reader. We utilized pipet-tip ELISA to detect four cancer biomarker proteins with detection limits similar to or lower than microplate ELISAs at 25% assay cost and time. Recoveries of these proteins from spiked human serum were 85-115% or better, depending slightly on detection mode. Using CCD camera quantification of CL with femto-luminol reagent gave limits of detection (LOD) as low as 0.5 pg/mL. Patient samples (13) were assayed for 3 biomarker proteins with results well correlated to conventional ELISA and an established microfluidic electrochemical immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sharafeldin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zakazik, Sharkia 44519, Egypt
| | - Karteek Kadimisetty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Ketki R. Bhalerao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Itti Bist
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Abby Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Tianqi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Norman H. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20037, United States
| | - James F. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Institute of Material Science, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, United States
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
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17
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Ranasinghe A, Mehl J, D'Arienzo C, Nabbie F, Chiu C, Thevanayagam L, Srinivasan M, Hogan J, Ponath P, Olah T. Fucosyl monosialoganglioside: Quantitative analysis of specific potential biomarkers of lung cancer in biological matrices using immunocapture extraction/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1481-1490. [PMID: 29876976 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Certain lung cancer patients express elevated Fucosyl Monosialoganglioside (Fuc-GM1) in circulation compared to control groups. Several sensitive methods involving characterization of Fuc-GM1 have been reported. However, a highly specific and sensitive method for quantifying multiple potential Fuc-GM1 biomarkers present in various biological matrices has not been reported to date. METHODS Individual Fuc-GM1 analogs in a commercially obtained standard mixture were characterized using HPLC/UV/MS and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Proprietary antibodies, mAb1 and mAb2, were used to selectively capture and pre-concentrate the soluble and drug-bound forms of Fuc-GM1 molecules present in human serum and whole blood, eliminating the background matrix components. Immunocapture extraction (ICE) followed by HPLC/MS/MS was used to quantify specific Fuc-GM1 analogs in biological matrices. RESULTS The concentration of individual Fuc-GM1 analogs in the standard mixture was estimated to be 7-34%, using HPLC/UV/MS. Using the standard mixture spiked into the biological matrices (100 μL), the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of each analog was 0.2-0.4 ng/mL with a dynamic range of up to 200 ng/mL. The applicability of the ICE-HPLC/MS/MS method was demonstrated by detecting endogenous Fuc-GM1 analogs present in rat blood and in several lung cancer cell lines. CONCLUSIONS This highly specific and sensitive HPLC/MS/MS method for quantifying individual potential Fuc-GM1 biomarkers in serum and whole blood can play a critical role in patient stratification strategies and during drug treatment. This method can be employed for monitoring both free (soluble) form and antibody drug-bound Fuc-GM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asoka Ranasinghe
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - John Mehl
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Celia D'Arienzo
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Fizal Nabbie
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | | | | | - Jason Hogan
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Paul Ponath
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Timothy Olah
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
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18
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Kominami H, Kobayashi K, Ido S, Kimiya H, Yamada H. Immunoactivity of self-assembled antibodies investigated by atomic force microscopy. RSC Adv 2018; 8:29378-29384. [PMID: 35547980 PMCID: PMC9084463 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG), an antibody, plays a significant role in the immune system, and the functions of IgG molecules have been studied in many research fields such as medicine and engineering. Recently, we found the self-assembly of monoclonal mouse IgG molecules on a mica substrate using atomic force microscopy (AFM); the IgG molecules self-assemble into hexamers and the hexamers form a two-dimensional (2D) crystal. The self-assembly of the IgG molecules is of great interest in terms of the enhancement of the immunoactivity of the antibodies. In this study, we investigated the self-assembly of various IgG molecules on a mica substrate to discuss if the hexamerization of the IgG molecules is a general phenomenon. We also investigated the antigen binding site in the IgG antibody hexamers, and estimated the association rate constant of the self-assembled IgG molecules based on the AFM measurements. The estimated value was lower than that reported in a previous study probably because of the limited mobility of the antigen-binding fragments on the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kominami
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kei Kobayashi
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ido
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimiya
- Advanced Research Division Device Research Laboratory, Panasonic Corporation 3-1-1 Yagumo-naka-machi Moriguchi City Osaka 570-8501 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamada
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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19
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Gasperino D, Baughman T, Hsieh HV, Bell D, Weigl BH. Improving Lateral Flow Assay Performance Using Computational Modeling. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2018; 11:219-244. [PMID: 29595992 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The performance, field utility, and low cost of lateral flow assays (LFAs) have driven a tremendous shift in global health care practices by enabling diagnostic testing in previously unserved settings. This success has motivated the continued improvement of LFAs through increasingly sophisticated materials and reagents. However, our mechanistic understanding of the underlying processes that drive the informed design of these systems has not received commensurate attention. Here, we review the principles underpinning LFAs and the historical evolution of theory to predict their performance. As this theory is integrated into computational models and becomes testable, the criteria for quantifying performance and validating predictive power are critical. The integration of computational design with LFA development offers a promising and coherent framework to choose from an increasing number of novel materials, techniques, and reagents to deliver the low-cost, high-fidelity assays of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gasperino
- Intellectual Ventures Laboratory, Bellevue, Washington 98007, USA
| | - Ted Baughman
- Intellectual Ventures Laboratory, Bellevue, Washington 98007, USA
| | - Helen V Hsieh
- Intellectual Ventures Laboratory, Bellevue, Washington 98007, USA
| | - David Bell
- Intellectual Ventures Laboratory, Bellevue, Washington 98007, USA
| | - Bernhard H Weigl
- Intellectual Ventures Laboratory, Bellevue, Washington 98007, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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20
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Gasperino DJ, Leon D, Lutz B, Cate DM, Nichols KP, Bell D, Weigl BH. Threshold-Based Quantification in a Multiline Lateral Flow Assay via Computationally Designed Capture Efficiency. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6643-6650. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Leon
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Barry Lutz
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David M. Cate
- Intellectual Ventures, Bellevue, Washington 98005, United States
| | - Kevin P. Nichols
- Intellectual Ventures, Bellevue, Washington 98005, United States
| | - David Bell
- Intellectual Ventures, Bellevue, Washington 98005, United States
| | - Bernhard H. Weigl
- Intellectual Ventures, Bellevue, Washington 98005, United States
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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21
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Zapadka KL, Becher FJ, Gomes Dos Santos AL, Jackson SE. Factors affecting the physical stability (aggregation) of peptide therapeutics. Interface Focus 2017; 7:20170030. [PMID: 29147559 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2017.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of biological therapeutic agents in the clinic and development pipeline has increased dramatically over the last decade and the number will undoubtedly continue to increase in the coming years. Despite this fact, there are considerable challenges in the development, production and formulation of such biologics particularly with respect to their physical stabilities. There are many cases where self-association to form either amorphous aggregates or highly structured fibrillar species limits their use. Here, we review the numerous factors that influence the physical stability of peptides including both intrinsic and external factors, wherever possible illustrating these with examples that are of therapeutic interest. The effects of sequence, concentration, pH, net charge, excipients, chemical degradation and modification, surfaces and interfaces, and impurities are all discussed. In addition, the effects of physical parameters such as pressure, temperature, agitation and lyophilization are described. We provide an overview of the structures of aggregates formed, as well as our current knowledge of the mechanisms for their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederik J Becher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | | | - Sophie E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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22
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Mattiasson B, Teeparuksapun K, Lebogang L, Hedström M. Nanoenvironmental Effects Dramatically Influence the Sensitivity of Immunoassays. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:1021-1024. [PMID: 28943030 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It is possible to improve the sensitivity of immunoassays by several orders of magnitude by exploiting nanoenvironmental effects. This approach can detect trace amounts of compounds and will better illuminate the presence of signal substances in biological systems. Here we describe a method for ultrasensitive immunoassays using 'normal' antibodies (Abs).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mattiasson
- CapSenze Biosystems AB, Scheelevägen 22, 22363 Lund, Sweden; Division of Biotechnology, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - K Teeparuksapun
- CapSenze Biosystems AB, Scheelevägen 22, 22363 Lund, Sweden; Division of Biotechnology, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - L Lebogang
- Division of Biotechnology, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - M Hedström
- CapSenze Biosystems AB, Scheelevägen 22, 22363 Lund, Sweden; Division of Biotechnology, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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23
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Kim S, Kwon S, Cho CH, Park JK. Pipetting-driven microfluidic immunohistochemistry to facilitate enhanced immunoreaction and effective use of antibodies. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:702-709. [PMID: 28145545 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01495j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC), which has been used to detect antigens in cells of a tissue section using an immunoreaction between an antibody and an antigen, is a practical tool for identifying the type and stage of diseases in cancer diagnosis and scientific research. However, conventional IHC requires long, laborious process times and high costs. Although microfluidic IHC platforms have been developed to overcome these limitations, the application of microfluidic IHC in real-world environments is still limited due to the additional equipment needed to operate the microfluidic systems. In addition, continuous flow in a microfluidic channel leads to a waste of unbound antibodies. In this study, we demonstrate a novel and easy-to-use microfluidic IHC platform operated only using a manual pipette that is commonly available in research laboratories or hospitals. No other device such as a pump or a controller is required to operate our system. Bidirectional flows of the antibody solution in a microfluidic device are induced by repetitive manual pipetting which facilitates the enhanced antigen-antibody reaction and enables the effective use of a limited amount of antibody. When breast cancer cell and tissue sections are reacted with antibodies using our platform, pipetting for less than 2 min is sufficient to obtain immunostaining results without damaging the sample. The staining intensity by our method is similar to that of the sample stained for 1 h by a conventional batch process. We believe that this pipetting-based approach to the operation of a microfluidic system allows end users to use microfluidic IHC more conveniently and easily in real-world environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segi Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seyong Kwon
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Hyun Cho
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Je-Kyun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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24
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Qi L, Liu Y, Tao H, Xiao N, Li J, Kong L, Hou L. Screening a Phage Display Library for Two Novel OmpU-Binding Peptides with Adhesion Antagonistic Activity against Vibrio mimicus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165092. [PMID: 27832083 PMCID: PMC5104426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio mimicus is a pathogen that causes ascites disease in fish. We have previously demonstrated that the outer membrane protein U (OmpU) is an important adhesin in V. mimicus. Here eight specific OmpU-binding phage clones, which presented three different OmpU-binding peptides (designated P1, P2, P3), were screened from a commercially available phage displayed 12-mer peptide library using rOmpU protein as target. Then, synthetic OmpU-binding peptides were measured for their adhesion antagonistic activity and binding affinity via adhesion inhibition test and non-competitive ELISA, respectively. The results showed that after co-incubated with the mixture of rOmpU and P3, visible green fluorescence could be observed on the epithelioma papulosum cyprinidi (EPC) cells surface; while the EPC cells co-incubated with the mixture of rOmpU and P1/P2 exhibited little green fluorescence. The average adhesion number of V. mimicus 04–14 isolate before and after treatment with peptide was 21.4 ± 1.5, 20.8 ± 0.8 (irrelevant peptide), 20.2 ± 0.5 (P3), 5.1 ± 0.7 (P1) and 3.4 ± 0.8 (P2), respectively. There was a significant decrease in the adhesive level of 04–14 isolate treated with P1/ P2 compared to the untreated isolate (p<0.01). The affinity constants of P1 and P2 were (6.17 ± 0.19) × 108 L/mol and (1.24 ± 0.56) × 109 L/mol, respectively. Furthermore, protective effects of P1 and P2 on grass carps challenged with V. mimicus were preliminary detected. It was found there was delayed death of fish in the groups treated with P1/P2, and the survival rate of challenged fish improved with the increase of the dose of adhesion antagonistic peptide. Taken together, two novel OmpU-binding peptides, which possessed adhesion antagonistic activity, high affinity and a certain degree of antibacterial activity against V. mimicus, were screened and identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Qi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Huizhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Ning Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Jinnian Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Lingyan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - Liting Hou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
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25
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Lu X, Nicovich PR, Gaus K, Gooding JJ. Towards single molecule biosensors using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 93:1-8. [PMID: 27829565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Conventional immunosensors require many binding events to give a single transducer output which represents the concentration of the analyte in the sample. Because of the requirements to selectively detect species in complex samples, immunosensing interfaces must allow immobilisation of antibodies while repelling nonspecific adsorption of other species. These requirements lead to quite sophisticated interfacial design, often with molecular level control, but we have no tools to characterise how well these interfaces work at the molecular level. The work reported herein is an initial feasibility study to show that antibody-antigen binding events can be monitored at the single molecule level using single molecule localisation microscopy (SMLM). The steps to achieve this first requires showing that indium tin oxide surfaces can be used for SMLM, then that these surfaces can be modified with self-assembled monolayers using organophosphonic acid derivatives, that the amount of antigens and antibodies on the surface can be controlled and monitored at the single molecule level and finally antibody binding to antigen modified surfaces can be monitored. The results show the amount of antibody that binds to an antigen modified surface is dependent on both the concentration of antigen on the surface and the concentration of antibody in solution. This study demonstrates the potential of SMLM for characterising biosensing interfaces and as the transducer in a massively parallel, wide field, single molecule detection scheme for quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Lu
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Philip R Nicovich
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
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26
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Antigenic cross-reactivity and species-specific identification of Pseudocerastes persicus fieldi snake venom. Toxicon 2016; 119:194-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Toren P, Ozgur E, Bayindir M. Oligonucleotide-based label-free detection with optical microresonators: strategies and challenges. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2572-2595. [PMID: 27306702 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00521g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This review targets diversified oligonucleotide-based biodetection techniques, focusing on the use of microresonators of whispering gallery mode (WGM) type as optical biosensors mostly integrated with lab-on-a-chip systems. On-chip and microfluidics combined devices along with optical microresonators provide rapid, robust, reproducible and multiplexed biodetection abilities in considerably small volumes. We present a detailed overview of the studies conducted so far, including biodetection of various oligonucleotide biomarkers as well as deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs), ribonucleic acids (RNAs) and proteins. We particularly advert to chemical surface modifications for specific and selective biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Toren
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey. and UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erol Ozgur
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey. and UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bayindir
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey. and UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey and Department of Physics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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28
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Gao Y, Tran P, Petkovic-Duran K, Swallow T, Zhu Y. Acoustic micromixing increases antibody-antigen binding in immunoassays. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 17:79. [PMID: 26162483 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-015-9987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sound wave-assisted acoustic micromixing has been shown to increase the binding of molecules in small volumes (10-100 μL) where effective mixing is difficult to achieve through conventional techniques. The aim of this work is to study whether acoustic micromixing can increase the binding efficiency of antibodies to their antigens, a reaction that forms the basis of immunoassays, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using a procedure from a general ELISA and immobilizing an antigen on wells of 96-well plates, it was found that acoustic micromixing at 125-150 Hz increased the initial rate of antibody-antigen binding by over 80 % and the total binding at the end point (i.e., 45 min) by over 50 %. As a result, acoustic micromixing achieved a binding level in 9 min that would otherwise take 45 min on a standard platform rocking mixer. Therefore acoustic micromixing has the potential to increase the detection sensitivity of ELISA as well as shorten the antigen-antibody binding times from typically 45-60 min to 15 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Manufacturing Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Bayview Ave, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia,
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29
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Li J, Zrazhevskiy P, Gao X. Eliminating Size-Associated Diffusion Constraints for Rapid On-Surface Bioassays with Nanoparticle Probes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:1035-1043. [PMID: 26749053 PMCID: PMC4815929 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle probes enable implementation of advanced on-surface assay formats, but impose often underappreciated size-associated constraints, in particular on assay kinetics and sensitivity. The present study highlights substantially slower diffusion-limited assay kinetics due to the rapid development of a nanoprobe depletion layer next to the surface, which static incubation and mixing of bulk solution employed in conventional assay setups often fail to disrupt. In contrast, cyclic solution draining and replenishing yields reaction-limited assay kinetics irrespective of the probe size. Using common surface bioassays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunofluorescence, this study shows that this conceptually distinct approach effectively "erases" size-dependent diffusion constraints, providing a straightforward route to rapid on-surface bioassays employing bulky probes and procedures involving multiple labeling cycles, such as multicycle single-cell molecular profiling. For proof-of-concept, the study demonstrates that the assay time can be shortened from hours to minutes with the same probe concentration and, at a typical incubation time, comparable target labeling can be achieved with up to eight times lower nanoprobe concentration. The findings are expected to enable realization of novel assay formats and stimulate development of rapid on-surface bioassays with nanoparticle probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Pavel Zrazhevskiy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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30
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Liang T, Robinson R, Houghtaling J, Fridley G, Ramsey SA, Fu E. Investigation of Reagent Delivery Formats in a Multivalent Malaria Sandwich Immunoassay and Implications for Assay Performance. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2311-20. [PMID: 26835721 PMCID: PMC6387624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Conventional lateral flow tests (LFTs), the current standard bioassay format used in low-resource point-of-care (POC) settings, have limitations that have held back their application in the testing of low concentration analytes requiring high sensitivity and low limits of detection. LFTs use a premix format for a rapid one-step delivery of premixed sample and labeled antibody to the detection region. We have compared the signal characteristics of two types of reagent delivery formats in a model system of a sandwich immunoassay for malarial protein detection. The premix format produced a uniform binding profile within the detection region. In contrast, decoupling the delivery of sample and labeled antibody to the detection region in a sequential format produced a nonuniform binding profile in which the majority of the signal was localized to the upstream edge of the detection region. The assay response was characterized in both the sequential and premix formats. The sequential format had a 4- to 10-fold lower limit of detection than the premix format, depending on assay conjugate concentration. A mathematical model of the assay quantitatively reproduced the experimental binding profiles for a set of rate constants that were consistent with surface plasmon resonance measurements and absorbance measurements of the experimental multivalent malaria system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinny Liang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , N107 Foege Building, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Robert Robinson
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University , 102 Gleeson Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Jared Houghtaling
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , N107 Foege Building, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Gina Fridley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , N107 Foege Building, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Stephen A Ramsey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University , 106 Dryden Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Elain Fu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , N107 Foege Building, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University , 102 Gleeson Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University , 106 Dryden Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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31
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Woolley CF, Hayes MA, Mahanti P, Douglass Gilman S, Taylor T. Theoretical limitations of quantification for noncompetitive sandwich immunoassays. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:8605-15. [PMID: 26342315 PMCID: PMC4636921 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Immunoassays exploit the highly selective interaction between antibodies and antigens to provide a vital method for biomolecule detection at low concentrations. Developers and practitioners of immunoassays have long known that non-specific binding often restricts immunoassay limits of quantification (LOQs). Aside from non-specific binding, most efforts by analytical chemists to reduce the LOQ for these techniques have focused on improving the signal amplification methods and minimizing the limitations of the detection system. However, with detection technology now capable of sensing single-fluorescence molecules, this approach is unlikely to lead to dramatic improvements in the future. Here, fundamental interactions based on the law of mass action are analytically connected to signal generation, replacing the four- and five-parameter fittings commercially used to approximate sigmoidal immunoassay curves and allowing quantitative consideration of non-specific binding and statistical limitations in order to understand the ultimate detection capabilities of immunoassays. The restrictions imposed on limits of quantification by instrumental noise, non-specific binding, and counting statistics are discussed based on equilibrium relations for a sandwich immunoassay. Understanding the maximal capabilities of immunoassays for each of these regimes can greatly assist in the development and evaluation of immunoassay platforms. While many studies suggest that single molecule detection is possible through immunoassay techniques, here, it is demonstrated that the fundamental limit of quantification (precision of 10 % or better) for an immunoassay is approximately 131 molecules and this limit is based on fundamental and unavoidable statistical limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine F Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Main Campus, P. O. Box 871604, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA
| | - Mark A Hayes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Main Campus, P. O. Box 871604, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA.
| | - Prasun Mahanti
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, 781 S Terrace Rd, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - S Douglass Gilman
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Tom Taylor
- Department of Mathematics and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
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32
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Tao W, Xie Q, Wang H, Ke S, Lin P, Zeng X. Integration of a miniature quartz crystal microbalance with a microfluidic chip for amyloid beta-Aβ42 quantitation. SENSORS 2015; 15:25746-60. [PMID: 26473864 PMCID: PMC4634447 DOI: 10.3390/s151025746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A miniature quartz crystal microbalance (mQCM) was integrated with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device for on-chip determination of amyloid polypeptide–Aβ42. The integration techniques included photolithography and plasma coupling. Aβ42 antibody was immobilized on the mQCM surface using a cross-linker method, and the resonance frequency of mQCM shifted negatively due to antibody-antigen binding. A linear range from 0.1 µM to 3.2 µM was achieved. By using matrix elimination buffer, i.e., matrix phosphate buffer containing 500 µg/mL dextran and 0.5% Tween 20, Aβ42 could be successfully detected in the presence of 75% human serum. Additionally, high temperature treatments at 150 °C provided a valid method to recover mQCM, and PDMS-mQCM microfluidic device could be reused to some extent. Since the detectable Aβ42 concentration could be as low as 0.1 µM, which is close to cut-off value for Alzheimer patients, the PDMS-mQCM device could be applied in early Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Tao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials & Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Qingji Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Hairui Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials & Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Shanming Ke
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials & Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Peng Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials & Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xierong Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials & Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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33
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Bejhed RS, Tian B, Eriksson K, Brucas R, Oscarsson S, Strömberg M, Svedlindh P, Gunnarsson K. Magnetophoretic Transport Line System for Rapid On-Chip Attomole Protein Detection. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10296-10302. [PMID: 26309059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A lab-on-a-chip traveling wave magnetophoresis approach for sensitive and rapid protein detection is reported. In this method, a chip-based magnetic microarray comprising lines of micrometer-sized thin film magnetic elements was used to control the movement of magnetic beads (MBs). The MBs and the chip were functionalized, forming a sandwich-type assay. The MBs were transported across a detection area, and the presence of target molecules resulted in the immobilization of MBs within this area. Target quantification was accomplished by MB counting in the detection area using an optical microscope. In order to demonstrate the versatility of the microarray, biotinylated antiavidin was selected as the target protein. In this case, avidin-functionalized MBs and an avidin-functionalized detection area were used. With a total assay time of 1 to 1.5 h (depending on the labeling approach used), a limit of detection in the attomole range was achieved. Compared to on-chip surface plasmon resonance biodetection systems, our method has a larger dynamic range and is about a factor of 500 times more sensitive. Furthermore, our MB transportation system can operate in any chip-based biosensor platform, thereby significantly improving traditional biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Bejhed
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Solid State Physics, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Solid State Physics, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristofer Eriksson
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Solid State Physics, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rimantas Brucas
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Solid State Physics, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sven Oscarsson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Strömberg
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Solid State Physics, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Svedlindh
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Solid State Physics, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Klas Gunnarsson
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Solid State Physics, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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34
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Vilela D, Orozco J, Cheng G, Sattayasamitsathit S, Galarnyk M, Kan C, Wang J, Escarpa A. Multiplexed immunoassay based on micromotors and microscale tags. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3505-3509. [PMID: 25017813 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00596a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work reports on the coupling of antibody-functionalized micromotors and microwire-tagged proteins for rapid and multiplexed immunoassays. While micromotor-induced mixing accelerates the immunoreaction, tagging the proteins with microscopic particles of different sizes and shapes allows for their multiplexed discrimination, alerting of the presence of a biological threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vilela
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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35
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Torres OB, Jalah R, Rice KC, Li F, Antoline JFG, Iyer MR, Jacobson AE, Boutaghou MN, Alving CR, Matyas GR. Characterization and optimization of heroin hapten-BSA conjugates: method development for the synthesis of reproducible hapten-based vaccines. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5927-37. [PMID: 25084736 PMCID: PMC4156789 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A potential new treatment for drug addiction is immunization with vaccines that induce antibodies that can abrogate the addictive effects of the drug of abuse. One of the challenges in the development of a vaccine against drugs of abuse is the availability of an optimum procedure that gives reproducible and high yielding hapten-protein conjugates. In this study, a heroin/morphine surrogate hapten (MorHap) was coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) using maleimide-thiol chemistry. MorHap-BSA conjugates with 3, 5, 10, 15, 22, 28, and 34 haptens were obtained using different linker and hapten ratios. Using this optimized procedure, MorHap-BSA conjugates were synthesized with highly reproducible results and in high yields. The number of haptens attached to BSA was compared by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) assay, modified Ellman's test and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Among the three methods, MALDI-TOF MS discriminated subtle differences in hapten density. The effect of hapten density on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) performance was evaluated with seven MorHap-BSA conjugates of varying hapten densities, which were used as coating antigens. The highest antibody binding was obtained with MorHap-BSA conjugates containing 3-5 haptens. This is the first report that rigorously analyzes, optimizes and characterizes the conjugation of haptens to proteins that can be used for vaccines against drugs of abuse. The effect of hapten density on the ELISA detection of antibodies against haptens demonstrates the importance of careful characterization of the hapten density by the analytical techniques described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar B. Torres
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
- US Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA
| | - Rashmi Jalah
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
- US Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA
| | - Kenner C. Rice
- Department of Health and Human Services, Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415 USA
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415 USA
| | - Fuying Li
- Department of Health and Human Services, Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415 USA
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415 USA
| | - Joshua F. G. Antoline
- Department of Health and Human Services, Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415 USA
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415 USA
| | - Malliga R. Iyer
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415 USA
| | - Arthur E. Jacobson
- Department of Health and Human Services, Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415 USA
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415 USA
| | | | - Carl R. Alving
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
| | - Gary R. Matyas
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA
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36
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Saha B, Evers TH, Prins MWJ. How Antibody Surface Coverage on Nanoparticles Determines the Activity and Kinetics of Antigen Capturing for Biosensing. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8158-66. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501536z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bedabrata Saha
- Philips Research, High Tech Campus, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Toon H. Evers
- Philips Research, High Tech Campus, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Menno W. J. Prins
- Philips Research, High Tech Campus, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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37
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Zhu J, Shang J, Jia Y, Pei R, Stojanovic M, Lin Q. Spatially selective release of aptamer-captured cells by temperature mediation. IET Nanobiotechnol 2014; 8:2-9. [PMID: 24888185 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2013.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation of cells from heterogeneous biological samples is critical in both basic biological research and clinical diagnostics. Affinity-based methods, such as those that recognise cells by binding antibodies to cell membrane biomarkers, can be used to achieve specific cell isolation. Microfluidic techniques have been employed to achieve more efficient and effective cell isolation. By employing aptamers as surface-immobilised ligands, cells can be easily released and collected after specific capture. However, these methods still have limitations in cell release efficiency and spatial selectivity. This study presents an aptamer-based microfluidic device that not only achieves specific affinity cell capture, but also enables spatially selective temperature-mediated release and retrieval of cells without detectable damage. The specific cell capture is realised by using surface-patterned aptamers in a microchamber on a temperature-control chip. Spatially selective cell release is achieved by utilising a group of microheater and temperature sensor that restricts temperature changes, and therefore the disruption of cell-aptamer interactions, to a design-specified region. Experimental results with CCRF-CEM cells and sgc8c aptamers have demonstrated the specific cell capture and temperature-mediated release of selected groups of cells with negligible disruption to their viability.
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38
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Magnetoresistive performance and comparison of supermagnetic nanoparticles on giant magnetoresistive sensor-based detection system. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5716. [PMID: 25043673 PMCID: PMC4104391 DOI: 10.1038/srep05716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant magnetoresistive (GMR) biosensors have emerged as powerful tools for ultrasensitive, multiplexed, real-time electrical readout, and rapid biological/chemical detection while combining with magnetic particles. Finding appropriate magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and its influences on the detection signal is a vital aspect to the GMR bio-sensing technology. Here, we report a GMR sensor based detection system capable of stable and convenient connection, and real-time measurement. Five different types of MNPs with sizes ranging from 10 to 100 nm were investigated for GMR biosensing. The experiments were accomplished with the aid of DNA hybridization and detection architecture on GMR sensor surface. We found that different MNPs markedly affected the final detection signal, depending on their characteristics of magnetic moment, size, and surface-based binding ability, etc. This work may provide a useful guidance in selecting or preparing MNPs to enhance the sensitivity of GMR biosensors, and eventually lead to a versatile and portable device for molecular diagnostics.
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39
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Zheng W, He L. Quantitative measurements of thermodynamics and kinetics of polythiophene–DNA complex formation in DNA detection. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:1471-1479. [DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00210e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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van Reenen A, de Jong AM, den Toonder JMJ, Prins MWJ. Integrated lab-on-chip biosensing systems based on magnetic particle actuation--a comprehensive review. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1966-86. [PMID: 24806093 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51454d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The demand for easy to use and cost effective medical technologies inspires scientists to develop innovative lab-on-chip technologies for point-of-care in vitro diagnostic testing. To fulfill medical needs, the tests should be rapid, sensitive, quantitative, and miniaturizable, and need to integrate all steps from sample-in to result-out. Here, we review the use of magnetic particles actuated by magnetic fields to perform the different process steps that are required for integrated lab-on-chip diagnostic assays. We discuss the use of magnetic particles to mix fluids, to capture specific analytes, to concentrate analytes, to transfer analytes from one solution to another, to label analytes, to perform stringency and washing steps, and to probe biophysical properties of the analytes, distinguishing methodologies with fluid flow and without fluid flow (stationary microfluidics). Our review focuses on efforts to combine and integrate different magnetically actuated assay steps, with the vision that it will become possible in the future to realize integrated lab-on-chip biosensing assays in which all assay process steps are controlled and optimized by magnetic forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander van Reenen
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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41
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Kayo S, Bahnemann J, Klauser M, Pörtner R, Zeng AP. A microfluidic device for immuno-affinity-based separation of mitochondria from cell culture. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:4467-75. [PMID: 24084793 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50739d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a method to isolate mitochondria of mammalian cells after cell disruption on microscale. The device is composed of linear microchannels cast in PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane). Specific antibodies against the translocase outer membrane protein of the mitochondria are immobilized on the surface of the substrate using an avidin-biotin sandwich construct. The mitochondria can be captured in the channel, whereas the remains of the cell lysate flow out the chip unhindered. The captured mitochondria can be observed directly on chip. A successful immobilization of pre-isolated mitochondria was shown at a flow rate between 0 and 5 μl min(-1) (≈0-2.5 mm s(-1)). After fluorescence staining, we demonstrated that the mitochondria covered around 3% of the channel surface. The mitochondria appeared in a distinct spherical shape with a diameter of around 0.8-1.2 μm. Further validation of the microfluidic device using non-treated cell lysate was done at 2 μl min(-1). The immobilized mitochondria were smaller with a diameter of around ≈490 nm. We observed a surface coverage of around 4%. The immobilized mitochondria were active and stable for over 2 h without cooling and were shown to be able to produce ATP under stage 3 respiration on chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Kayo
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestraße 15, 21075 Hamburg, Germany.
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Microfluidic processor allows rapid HER2 immunohistochemistry of breast carcinomas and significantly reduces ambiguous (2+) read-outs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:5363-8. [PMID: 23479638 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1211273110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarker analysis is playing an essential role in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction. Quantitative assessment of immunohistochemical biomarker expression on tumor tissues is of clinical relevance when deciding targeted treatments for cancer patients. Here, we report a microfluidic tissue processor that permits accurate quantification of the expression of biomarkers on tissue sections, enabled by the ultra-rapid and uniform fluidic exchange of the device. An important clinical biomarker for invasive breast cancer is human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [(HER2), also known as neu], a transmembrane tyrosine kinase that connotes adverse prognostic information for the patients concerned and serves as a target for personalized treatment using the humanized antibody trastuzumab. Unfortunately, when using state-of-the-art methods, the intensity of an immunohistochemical signal is not proportional to the extent of biomarker expression, causing ambiguous outcomes. Using our device, we performed tests on 76 invasive breast carcinoma cases expressing various levels of HER2. We eliminated more than 90% of the ambiguous results (n = 27), correctly assigning cases to the amplification status as assessed by in situ hybridization controls, whereas the concordance for HER2-negative (n = 31) and -positive (n = 18) cases was 100%. Our results demonstrate the clinical potential of microfluidics for accurate biomarker expression analysis. We anticipate our technique will be a diagnostic tool that will provide better and more reliable data, onto which future treatment regimes can be based.
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Climent E, Gröninger D, Hecht M, Walter MA, Martínez-Máñez R, Weller MG, Sancenón F, Amorós P, Rurack K. Selective, Sensitive, and Rapid Analysis with Lateral-Flow Assays Based on Antibody-Gated Dye-Delivery Systems: The Example of Triacetone Triperoxide. Chemistry 2013; 19:4117-22. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Xu JY, Chen TW, Bao WJ, Wang K, Xia XH. Label-free strategy for in-situ analysis of protein binding interaction based on attenuated total reflection surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:17564-17570. [PMID: 23163643 DOI: 10.1021/la303054w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A versatile ATR-SEIRAS methodology is described herein for highly sensitive analysis of immunoglobulin (IgG) recognition. This strategy allows in situ tracking of specific protein binding at the liquid-solid interface. Most importantly, interferential signal from environmental molecules (e.g., water, nonspecific binding molecules, and bulk molecules) can be eliminated to negligible levels by using the ATR analysis mode, and the sensitive IR structural information of target proteins is obtained simultaneously. A simplified numerical model has been established to quantitatively describe the kinetics and thermodynamics of protein recognition processes at surfaces. Compared with conventional label-free methods for protein binding study, experimental results obtained from IR spectroscopic information are more reliable. The presented ATR-SEIRAS method is powerful in studying surface limited protein binding reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
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Free and total biotherapeutic evaluation in chromatographic assays: interference from targets and immunogenicity. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:2401-11. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurement of drug concentrations is critical during drug development, supporting evaluation of safety and efficacy in the context of pharmacokinetics. Protein-based therapeutics have been historically measured by immunoassay methods. Technological advances provide new opportunities to measure these biotherapeutics using previously incompatible chromatographic techniques, such as MS. These advances are breaking down the barriers between ‘large-molecule’ and ‘small-molecule’ bioanalysis, and pushing scientists outside their comfort zones. One challenge in measuring biotherapeutic concentration is potential impact from other matrix components, such as therapeutic target or antidrug antibodies. Depending on the specific assay development objective, target interference could be either desired (favoring free measurement) or undesired (favoring total measurement). Orthogonal techniques provide additional tools to meet this challenge. The goal of this review is to introduce both small- and large-molecule bioanalytical scientists to the opportunities and challenges to consider while evaluating orthogonal methods for biotherapeutic bioanalysis.
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Zhu J, Nguyen T, Pei R, Stojanovic M, Lin Q. Specific capture and temperature-mediated release of cells in an aptamer-based microfluidic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3504-13. [PMID: 22854859 PMCID: PMC3976991 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40411g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Isolation of cells from heterogeneous mixtures is critically important in both basic cell biology studies and clinical diagnostics. Cell isolation can be realized based on physical properties such as size, density and electrical properties. Alternatively, affinity binding of target cells by surface-immobilized ligands, such as antibodies, can be used to achieve specific cell isolation. Microfluidics technology has recently been used in conjunction with antibody-based affinity isolation methods to capture, purify and isolate cells with higher yield rates, better efficiencies and lower costs. However, a method that allows easy release and collection of live cells from affinity surfaces for subsequent analysis and detection has yet to be developed. This paper presents a microfluidic device that not only achieves specific affinity capture and enrichment, but also enables non-destructive, temperature-mediated release and retrieval of cells. Specific cell capture is achieved using surface-immobilized aptamers in a microchamber. Release of the captured cells is realized by a moderate temperature change, effected via integrated heaters and a temperature sensor, to reversibly disrupt the cell-aptamer interaction. Experimental results with CCRF-CEM cells have demonstrated that the device is capable of specific capture and temperature-mediated release of cells, that the released cells remain viable and that the aptamer-functionalized surface is regenerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027
| | - ThaiHuu Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027
| | - Renjun Pei
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Milan Stojanovic
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027
- ; Tel: +1 212 854 1906
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Lee JT, Sudheendra L, Kennedy IM. Accelerated immunoassays based on magnetic particle dynamics in a rotating capillary tube with stationary magnetic field. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8317-22. [PMID: 22931580 DOI: 10.1021/ac301848q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and simple magnetic particle-based immunoassay has been demonstrated in a capillary mixing system. Antibody-coated micrometer size superparamagnetic polystyrene (SPP) particles were used in an assay for rabbit IgG in a sandwich (noncompetitive) format. The kinetics of the assay was compared between a plate-based system and a single capillary tube. The interaction between the antigen (R-IgG) and the antibody (anti-R-IgG) that was carried by the SPP particles in a rotating capillary was tested under a stationary magnetic field. Competing magnetic and viscous drag forces helped to enhance the interaction between the analyte and the capture antibodies on the particles. The dimensionless Mason number (Mn) was employed to characterize the magnetic particle dynamics; a previously determined critical Mason number (Mn(c)) was employed as a guide to the appropriate experimental conditions of magnetic field strength and rotational speed of the capillary. The advantage of the rotating capillary system included a short assay time and a reduced reactive volume (20 μL). The results show that the immunoassay kinetics were improved by the formation of chains of the SPP particles for the conditions that corresponded to the critical Mason number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Tae Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, California 95616, USA
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Yao J, Han X, Zeng S, Zhong W. Detection of femtomolar proteins by nonfluorescent ZnS nanocrystal clusters. Anal Chem 2012; 84:1645-52. [PMID: 22243488 PMCID: PMC3277649 DOI: 10.1021/ac202910y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cation exchange (CX) in the nonfluorescent ZnS nanocrystal clusters (NCCs) was employed to detect trace biomolecules with immunoassays. The NCCs were porous and allowed fast cation exchange reaction to release an ultralarge number of Zn(2+) from each cluster that turned on the Zn-responsive dyes for fluorescence detection. The ZnS NCCs were highly stable in biological buffers and more biocompatible than quantum dots. Zn(2+) release efficiency and target binding by NCCs with average diameters of 44 nm, 86 nm, and 144 nm were investigated. The smallest NCCs exhibited the highest CX efficiency because of its larger surface area and bigger pores inside the cluster structure, and 71.0% of the enclosed Zn(2+) were freed by CX with 2-min microwave irradiation. They also experienced the least space hindrance and the fastest rate when binding to target molecules immobilized on surface. When the 44-nm NCCs were used to detect IgE in a sandwich assay, the limit of detection (LOD) was 5 pg/mL (33 fM), 1,000 times better than that of ELISA. Our results well demonstrate that CX in the ZnS NCCs is superior to the conventional signaling strategies in its high amplification efficiency, robustness, and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - Xiaogang Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - Shang Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403
| | - Wenwan Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403
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Gorris HH, Bade S, Röckendorf N, Fránek M, Frey A. Pushing antibody-based labeling systems to higher sensitivity by linker-assisted affinity enhancement. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:1619-24. [PMID: 21749125 DOI: 10.1021/bc2001787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of antibody/hapten-based labeling systems is limited by the natural affinity ceiling of immunoglobulins. Breaking this limit by antibody engineering is difficult. We thus attempted a different approach and investigated if the so-called bridge effect, a corecognition of the linker present between hapten and carrier protein during antibody generation, can be utilized to improve the affinity of such labeling systems. The well-known haptens 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were equipped with various linkers, and the resulting affinity change of their cognate antibodies was analyzed by ELISA. Anti-2,4-DNP antibodies exhibited the best affinity to their hapten when it was combined with aminobutanoic acid or aminohexanoic acid. The affinity of anti-2,4-D antibodies could be enhanced even further with longer aliphatic spacers connected to the hapten. The affinity toward aminoundecanoic acid-2,4-D derivatives, for instance, was improved about 100-fold compared to 2,4-D alone and yielded detection limits as low as 100 amoles of analyte. As the effect occurred for all antibodies and haptens tested, it may be sensible to implement the bridge effect in future antibody/hapten-labeling systems in order to achieve the highest sensitivity possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans H Gorris
- Division of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 22, 23845 Borstel, Germany
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Noroozi Z, Kido H, Peytavi R, Nakajima-Sasaki R, Jasinskas A, Micic M, Felgner PL, Madou MJ. A multiplexed immunoassay system based upon reciprocating centrifugal microfluidics. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:064303. [PMID: 21721711 PMCID: PMC3188650 DOI: 10.1063/1.3597578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel, centrifugal disk-based micro-total analysis system (μTAS) for low cost and high throughput semi-automated immunoassay processing was developed. A key innovation in the disposable immunoassay disk design is in a fluidic structure that enables very efficient micro-mixing based on a reciprocating mechanism in which centrifugal acceleration acting upon a liquid element first generates and stores pneumatic energy that is then released by a reduction of the centrifugal acceleration, resulting in a reversal of direction of flow of the liquid. Through an alternating sequence of high and low centrifugal acceleration, the system reciprocates the flow of liquid within the disk to maximize incubation/hybridization efficiency between antibodies and antigen macromolecules during the incubation/hybridization stage of the assay. The described reciprocating mechanism results in a reduction in processing time and reagent consumption by one order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Noroozi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 4200 Engineering Gateway, Irvine, California 92697-3975, USA
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