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Liu L, Wang Y, Li Y, Guo P, Liu C, Li Z, Wang F, Zhao P, Xia Q, He H. Insights into the repression of fibroin modulator binding protein-1 on the transcription of fibroin H-chain during molting in Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 104:39-49. [PMID: 30543984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fibroin modulator binding protein-1 (FMBP-1) is a novel DNA-binding protein containing a conserved score and three amino acid peptide repeat (STPR) domain. The roles of factors containing STPR domain are less known. Although multiple transcription factors are involved in the transcriptional regulation of silk protein genes during the development of silkworm, the mechanism of transcriptional repression of silk protein genes during molting remains unclear. Here, we found that FMBP-1 expression was contrary to that of fibroin heavy chain (fib-H) during the fourth molting period of Bombyx mori. FMBP-1 repressed fib-H promoter activity by directly binding to the -130 element in the fib-H promoter region. We also identified two proteins, Bmsage and Bmdimm, that interacted with FMBP-1 in the posterior silk gland of silkworm larvae, and further verified these interactions by far western blotting and microscale thermophoresis in vitro, as well as co-immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation at the cellular level. The luciferase reporter assay showed that the interaction between FMBP-1 and Bmdimm antagonized the activation of Bmdimm on fib-H transcription, but did not affect FMBP-1-mediated transcriptional repression on fib-H gene. Therefore, we proposed the following mechanism of fib-H transcriptional repression by FMBP-1 during the molting of silkworm larvae: 1) FMBP-1 directly binds to the -130 element in the fib-H promoter to repress fib-H transcription; 2) FMBP-1 interacts with Bmdimm to antagonize the activation of Bmdimm on fib-H transcription. Our findings promote a better understanding of fib-H transcriptional regulation and provide novel insights into the transcriptional repression of fib-H by FMBP-1 and basic helix-loop-helix factors Bmdimm during the molting of silkworm larvae. Our study also provides valuable information regarding the biological function of factors containing STPR domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yejing Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Pengchao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Huawei He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Qin S, Danso B, Zhang J, Li J, Liu N, Sun X, Hou C, Luo H, Chen K, Zhang G, Li M. MicroRNA profile of silk gland reveals different silk yields of three silkworm strains. Gene 2018; 653:1-9. [PMID: 29432827 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Silk proteins are synthesized and secreted by the silk gland. The differential gene expression in it leads to different silk yield among various silkworm strains. As crucial factors, microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate protein synthesis at post-transcriptional level in silk gland. MiRNAs expression level in the silk gland of three silkworm strains (Jingsong, Lan10 and Dazao) was analyzed and 33 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were discovered between JingSong (JS) and Lan10 (L10), 60 DEMs between JS and Dazao, 54 DEMs between L10 and Dazao respectively. The DEMs target genes were predicted combing with two different methods and their functions were annotated according to gene ontology. Our previous studies showed that a batch of genes related to silk yield were identified in JS and L10 strains by comparative transcriptome and quantitative trait loci (QTL) method. Thirteen DEMs whose target genes are related to protein biosynthesis processes were screened by combining with these researches. Twelve DEMs potentially regulate nineteen genes which exist in our QTL results. Six common DEMs potentially regulate the genes in both of previous results. Finally, five DEMs were selected to verify their expression levels between JS and L10 by qRT-PCR, which showed similar difference as the results of small RNA-sequencing. MiRNAs in the silk gland may directly affect silk protein biosynthesis in different silkworm strains. In current work, we identified a batch of DEMs which potentially regulate the genes related to silk yield. Further functionally study of these miRNAs will contribute to improve varieties and boost the silk yield. Our research provides a basis for studying these miRNAs and their functions in silk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China.
| | - Blessing Danso
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Juan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Na Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Chengxiang Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Heng Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China.
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Guozheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Muwang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China.
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3
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Herold HM, Scheibel T. Applicability of biotechnologically produced insect silks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 72:365-385. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2017-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Silks are structural proteins produced by arthropods. Besides the well-known cocoon silk, which is produced by larvae of the silk moth Bombyx mori to undergo metamorphosis inside their silken shelter (and which is also used for textile production by men since millennia), numerous further less known silk-producing animals exist. The ability to produce silk evolved multiple independent times during evolution, and the fact that silk was subject to convergent evolution gave rise to an abundant natural diversity of silk proteins. Silks are used in air, under water, or like honey bee silk in the hydrophobic, waxen environment of the bee hive. The good mechanical properties of insect silk fibres together with their non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable nature renders these materials appealing for both technical and biomedical applications. Although nature provides a great diversity of material properties, the variation in quality inherent in materials from natural sources together with low availability (except from silkworm silk) impeded the development of applications of silks. To overcome these two drawbacks, in recent years, recombinant silks gained more and more interest, as the biotechnological production of silk proteins allows for a scalable production at constant quality. This review summarises recent developments in recombinant silk production as well as technical procedures to process recombinant silk proteins into fibres, films, and hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike M. Herold
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth , Universitätsstraße 30 , 95440 Bayreuth , Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth , Universitätsstraße 30 , 95440 Bayreuth , Germany
- Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth , Universitätsstraße 30 , 95440 Bayreuth , Germany
- Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (BZMB), Universität Bayreuth , Universitätsstraße 30 , 95440 Bayreuth , Germany
- Institut für Bio-Makromoleküle (bio-mac), Universität Bayreuth , Universitätsstraße 30 , 95440 Bayreuth , Germany
- Bayreuther Materialzentrum (BayMAT), Universität Bayreuth , Universitätsstraße 30 , 95440 Bayreuth , Germany
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Takiya S, Tsubota T, Kimoto M. Regulation of Silk Genes by Hox and Homeodomain Proteins in the Terminal Differentiated Silk Gland of the Silkworm Bombyx mori. J Dev Biol 2016; 4:E19. [PMID: 29615585 PMCID: PMC5831788 DOI: 10.3390/jdb4020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The silk gland of the silkworm Bombyx mori is a long tubular organ that is divided into several subparts along its anteroposterior (AP) axis. As a trait of terminal differentiation of the silk gland, several silk protein genes are expressed with unique regional specificities. Most of the Hox and some of the homeobox genes are also expressed in the differentiated silk gland with regional specificities. The expression patterns of Hox genes in the silk gland roughly correspond to those in embryogenesis showing "colinearity". The central Hox class protein Antennapedia (Antp) directly regulates the expression of several middle silk gland-specific silk genes, whereas the Lin-1/Isl-1/Mec3 (LIM)-homeodomain transcriptional factor Arrowhead (Awh) regulates the expression of posterior silk gland-specific genes for silk fiber proteins. We summarize our results and discuss the usefulness of the silk gland of Bombyx mori for analyzing the function of Hox genes. Further analyses of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the region-specific expression of silk genes will provide novel insights into the molecular bases for target-gene selection and regulation by Hox and homeodomain proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeharu Takiya
- Shigeharu Takiya, Division of Biological Sciences and Center for Genome Dynamics, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, North 10, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, North 10, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Takuya Tsubota
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan.
| | - Mai Kimoto
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, North 10, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
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5
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Characterization and profiling of MicroRNAs in posterior silk gland of the silkworm (Bombyx mori). Genes Genomics 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-015-0300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kimoto M, Tsubota T, Uchino K, Sezutsu H, Takiya S. Hox transcription factor Antp regulates sericin-1 gene expression in the terminal differentiated silk gland of Bombyx mori. Dev Biol 2013; 386:64-71. [PMID: 24333180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hox genes are well-known master regulators in developmental morphogenesis along the anteroposterior axis of animals. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Hox proteins regulate their target genes and determine cell fates are not fully understood. The silk gland of Bombyx mori is a tubular tissue divided into several subparts along the anteroposterior axis, and the silk genes are expressed with specific patterns. The sericin-1 gene (ser1) is expressed in the middle silk gland (MSG) with sublocal specificity. Here we show that the Hox protein Antp is a component of the middle silk gland-specific complex, MIC (MSG-intermolt-specific complex), binds to the essential promoter element of ser1, and activates its expression. Ectopic expression of Antp in transgenic silkworms induced the expression of ser1 in the posterior silk gland (PSG), but not in the anterior part of MSG (MSG-A). Correspondingly, a MIC-like complex was formed by the addition of recombinant Antp in extracts from PSG with its cofactors Exd and Hth, but not in extracts from MSG-A. Splicing patterns of ser1 mRNA induced by the ectopic expression of Antp in PSG were almost the same as those in MSG at the fifth instar and altered depending on the induction timing of Antp. Other Hox genes were expressed with sublocal specificity in the silk gland. The Bombyx silk gland might provide a useful system for understanding how Hox proteins select and regulate their target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Kimoto
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Takuya Tsubota
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Owashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Keiro Uchino
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Owashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Hideki Sezutsu
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Owashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Takiya
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Japan; Division of Biological Sciences and Center for Genome Dynamics, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, North 10, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.
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7
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Ohno K, Sawada JI, Takiya S, Kimoto M, Matsumoto A, Tsubota T, Uchino K, Hui CC, Sezutsu H, Handa H, Suzuki Y. Silk gland factor-2, involved in fibroin gene transcription, consists of LIM homeodomain, LIM-interacting, and single-stranded DNA-binding proteins. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:31581-91. [PMID: 24022586 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.514471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SGF-2 binds to promoter elements governing posterior silk gland-specific expression of the fibroin gene in Bombyx mori. We purified SGF-2 and showed that SGF-2 contains at least four gene products: the silkworm orthologues of LIM homeodomain protein Awh, LIM domain-binding protein (Ldb), a sequence-specific single-stranded DNA-binding protein (Lcaf), and the silk protein P25/fibrohexamerin (fhx). Using co-expression of these factors in Sf9 cells, Awh, Ldb, and Lcaf proteins were co-purified as a ternary complex that bound to the enhancer sequence in vitro. Lcaf interacts with Ldb as well as Awh through the conserved regions to mediate transcriptional activation in yeast. Misexpression of Awh in transgenic silkworms induces ectopic expression of the fibroin gene in the middle silk glands, where Ldb and Lcaf are expressed. Taken together, this study demonstrates that SGF-2 is a multisubunit activator complex containing Awh. Moreover, our results suggest that the Ldb·Lcaf protein complex serves as a scaffold to facilitate communication between transcriptional control elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Ohno
- From the National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki 444-8585
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Chaitanya RK, Sridevi P, Senthilkumaran B, Dutta Gupta A. Effect of juvenile hormone analog, methoprene on H-fibroin regulation during the last instar larval development of Corcyra cephalonica. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 181:10-7. [PMID: 22929589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), co-ordinately orchestrate insect growth and development. The process of silk synthesis and secretion in lepidopteran insects is known to be under hormonal control. However, the role of JH in this process has not been demonstrated hitherto. The present study is aimed to elucidate the role of JH in H-fibroin regulation in Corcyra cephalonica, a serious lepidopteran pest. Reiterated amino acid stretches and the large molecular weight of H-fibroin render its cloning and characterization cumbersome. To address this, a commercially synthesized short amino acid peptide conjugated with a carrier protein was used to generate antibodies against the N-terminal region of H-fibroin. ELISA and immunoblot experiments demonstrated the sensitivity and specificity of antibody. Further, immunohistochemical analyses revealed the antibody's cross-reactivity with H-fibroins of C. cephalonica and Bombyx mori in the silk gland lumen. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated the tissue-specificity and developmental expression of H-fibroin. Hormonal studies revealed that JH alone does not alter the expression of H-fibroin. However, in the presence 20E, JH reverses the declined expression caused by 20E administration to normal levels. This study provides molecular evidence for the regulation of H-fibroin by the cumulative action of JH and 20E.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Chaitanya
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sir CR Rao Road, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
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Chaitanya RK, Sridevi P, Senthilkumaran B, Gupta AD. 20-Hydroxyecdysone regulation of H-fibroin gene in the stored grain pest Corcyra cephalonica, during the last instar larval development. Steroids 2011; 76:125-34. [PMID: 21034755 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) controls molting, metamorphosis and reproduction of insects. It binds to a heterodimeric complex of ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (USP), and regulates the transcription of genes containing ecdysone response elements (EcREs). However, the 20E regulation of silk fibroin genes is largely unexplored. In most lepidopteran larvae, the silk fibroin primarily consists of a large protein, heavy chain fibroin (H-fibroin) that is associated with two small proteins, L-chain fibroin and P25. In the present study, we demonstrate that 20E regulates the expression of H-fibroin gene in Corcyra cephalonica, in a dose-dependent manner during the last instar larval development. Semi-quantitative and real-time PCR studies reveal that physiological doses of 20E do not alter the normal expression, whereas higher doses cause a significant decline in the expression. Luciferase activity assays and gel shift experiments further confirm the presence of a functional EcRE in the upstream region of H-fibroin which regulates the ecdysteroid dependent transcriptional activity of fibroin gene through EcR. In vitro treatment with 20E mimicking insecticides, RH-5849 and RH-5992 decreases the expression of H-fibroin in isolated salivary glands. Insects fed with similar concentrations of these insecticides, metamorphose abnormally. Differences are also observed in the ultrastructure of the silk fibers of control and insecticide fed insects providing additional insight into the disruptive effects of these non-steroidal ecdysteroid agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Chaitanya
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Sir. C.R. Rao Road, Hyderabad 500046, India
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10
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Chaitanya RK, Dutta-Gupta A. Light chain fibroin and P25 genes of Corcyra cephalonica: Molecular cloning, characterization, tissue-specific expression, synchronous developmental and 20-hydroxyecdysone regulation during the last instar larval development. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2010; 167:113-21. [PMID: 20171223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The biologically active ecdysteroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), regulates various processes like molting, metamorphosis and reproduction in insects. However, its role in expression of silk genes is obscure. The silk core in insects is generally constituted of a complex of three proteins namely, H-chain fibroin (H-fibroin), L-chain fibroin (L-fibroin) and P25. In the present study, we report full-length cDNA cloning and characterization of L-fibroin and P25 genes from rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica. Northern analyses demonstrated 1.1 and 1kb transcripts of L-fibroin and P25 respectively. The tissue expression pattern shows the presence of these transcripts specifically in the salivary gland. These two genes are developmentally regulated at transcriptional level and their maximum expression is observed during the late-last instar larval stage. Semi-quantitative and real-time PCR studies revealed that 20E regulates the expression of these genes in a dose-dependant manner. This study further shows that physiological dose of 20E does not alter the normal expression of these two genes, whereas treatments with higher doses cause a significant decline in the expression. This study clearly suggests the role of 20E in the regulation of L-fibroin and P25 at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Chaitanya
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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11
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Characterization of kinesin-like proteins in silkworm posterior silkgland cells. Cell Res 2010; 20:713-27. [DOI: 10.1038/cr.2010.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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12
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Liu S, Gao S, Zhang D, Yin J, Xiang Z, Xia Q. MicroRNAs show diverse and dynamic expression patterns in multiple tissues of Bombyx mori. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:85. [PMID: 20122259 PMCID: PMC2835664 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) repress target genes at the post-transcriptional level, and function in the development and cell-lineage pathways of host species. Tissue-specific expression of miRNAs is highly relevant to their physiological roles in the corresponding tissues. However, to date, few miRNAs have been spatially identified in the silkworm. Results We establish for the first time the spatial expression patterns of nearly 100 miRNAs in multiple normal tissues (organs) of Bombyx mori females and males using microarray and Northern-blotting analyses. In all, only 10 miRNAs were universally distributed (including bmo-let-7 and bmo-bantam), while the majority were expressed exclusively or preferentially in specific tissue types (e.g., bmo-miR-275 and bmo-miR-1). Additionally, we examined the developmental patterns of miRNA expression during metamorphosis of the body wall, silk glands, midgut and fat body. In total, 63 miRNAs displayed significant alterations in abundance in at least 1 tissue during the developmental transition from larvae to pupae (e.g., bmo-miR-263b and bmo-miR-124). Expression patterns of five miRNAs were significantly increased during metamorphosis in all four tissues (e.g., bmo-miR-275 and bmo-miR-305), and two miRNA pairs, bmo-miR-10b-3p/5p and bmo-miR-281-3p/5p, showed coordinate expression. Conclusions In this study, we conducted preliminary spatial measurements of several miRNAs in the silkworm. Periods of rapid morphological change were associated with alterations in miRNA expression patterns in the body wall, silk glands, midgut and fat body during metamorphosis. Accordingly, we propose that corresponding ubiquitous or tissue-specific expression of miRNAs supports their critical roles in tissue specification. These results should facilitate future functional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Liu
- The Key Sericultural Laboratory of Agricultural Ministry, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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13
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Shimizu K, Ogawa S, Hino R, Adachi T, Tomita M, Yoshizato K. Structure and function of 5'-flanking regions of Bombyx mori fibroin heavy chain gene: identification of a novel transcription enhancing element with a homeodomain protein-binding motif. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 37:713-25. [PMID: 17550827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2007.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We studied the promoter activity of a 5'-flanking region from -5000 to +24 (-5000/+24) in Bombyx mori fibroin heavy chain gene (fibH), fibH(-5000/+24). A luciferase reporter vector carrying fibH(-5000/+24) was bombarded to isolated posterior silk glands (PSGs). The PSGs showed a high luciferase activity when transplanted to larvae, indicating its potent promoter activity. Deletion experiments showed the requirement of fibH(-5000/-3844) and fibH(-2211/-542) for the promoter activity. These two regions and fibH(-541/+24) that contained the basal promoter were tandem fused to yield fibH(-5000/-3844:-2211/-542:-541/+24), which was found to retain 88% of the activity of fibH(-5000/+24). Germline transgenic silkworms bearing fibH(-5000/-3844:-2211/-542:-541/+24) as a promoter and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene as a reporter efficiently secreted EGFP in cocoons. The promoter activity of fibH(-2211/-542) was further investigated, because this contained a DNase I-hypersensitive site. The transient expression assay demonstrated that the activity of fibH(-2211/-542) required fibH(-1659/-1590), which contained the homeodomain protein-binding motif. Mutation experiments suggested a critical role of the motif for the promoter activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated that a nuclear protein of PSGs bound to the motif. We propose fibH(-1659/-1590) as a novel transcription enhancer that plays a key role for the expression by recruiting a homeodomain protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Shimizu
- Yoshizato Project, Cooperative Link of Unique Science and Technology for Economy Revitalization, Hiroshima Prefectural Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-10-32 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
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14
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Saito S, Aizawa T, Kawaguchi K, Yamaki T, Matsumoto D, Kamiya M, Kumaki Y, Mizuguchi M, Takiya S, Demura M, Kawano K. Structural approach to a novel tandem repeat DNA-binding domain, STPR, by CD and NMR. Biochemistry 2007; 46:1703-13. [PMID: 17249695 DOI: 10.1021/bi061780c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fibroin-modulator-binding protein 1 (FMBP-1) is a factor that binds the transcriptional activation elements of the fibroin gene. It has a novel structure, consisting of four tandem repeats (R1-R4) of 23 amino acids each in the C-terminal half. This region is referred to as the STPR (score and three amino acid peptide repeat) domain and acts as a DNA-binding domain in FMBP-1. Interestingly, the homology among the four repeats is remarkably high. Here, we have determined the three-dimensional structures of the four repeats by NMR. All four repeat units have basically the same structure: a short alpha-helix in the N-terminal half maintained by a salt bridge and an N-capping box. CD studies showed that the full-length STPR domain was 31% helical in solution. This is explained by the connections among the four short helices that were determined separately by NMR. From the thermal-denaturation study, it can be deduced that these four helices in the full-length STPR domain moved flexibly with no interaction among them. However, the specific DNA caused a distinct increase, of up to 76%, in the alpha-helical content of the full-length STPR domain. This finding suggests that the binding of the full-length STPR domain to specific DNA causes an induced-fit conformational change that increases alpha-helicity; the poorly structured regions of the protein may form a regular secondary structure. Furthermore, the mutation analysis showed that the four repeats of the STPR domain raise the possibility of interaction with DNA in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Saito
- Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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15
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Takiya S, Ishikawa T, Ohtsuka K, Nishita Y, Suzuki Y. Fibroin-modulator-binding protein-1 (FMBP-1) contains a novel DNA-binding domain, repeats of the score and three amino acid peptide (STP), conserved from Caenorhabditis elegans to humans. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:786-95. [PMID: 15687387 PMCID: PMC548367 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gki228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2004] [Revised: 01/18/2004] [Accepted: 01/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The predicted transcriptional regulatory factor for the fibroin gene of the silkworm Bombyx mori, fibroin-modulator-binding protein-1 (FMBP-1), was purified by sequential DNA affinity column chromatography, and cDNA clones corresponding to FMBP-1 were isolated from a library. The N-terminal half of FMBP-1 has a weak similarity to the DNA-binding domain of several transcriptional regulatory factors in higher plants. The C-terminal half contains four tandem repeats of a novel 23 amino acid motif, which we named the score and three amino acid peptide (STP). Other genes containing STP repeats were found in Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, mouse and human. Mutational analysis of FMBP-1 showed that the STP repeats form a novel DNA-binding domain. Sequences flanking STP repeats modulated DNA-binding activity. The FMBP-1 gene was expressed during the fourth to fifth instar. FMBP-1 activity appeared to be regulated at the transcriptional level and by the post-transcriptional modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeharu Takiya
- Center for Advanced Science and Technology and Hokkaido UniversityNorth 10, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido UniversityNorth 10, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tetsurou Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido UniversityNorth 10, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ohtsuka
- Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido UniversityNorth 10, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nishita
- Center for Advanced Science and Technology and Hokkaido UniversityNorth 10, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Suzuki
- National Institute for Basic BiologyNishigo-naka 38, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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16
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Matsunami K, Kokubo H, Ohno K, Suzuki Y. Expression pattern analysis of SGF-3/POU-M1 in relation to sericin-1 gene expression in the silk gland. Dev Growth Differ 1998; 40:591-7. [PMID: 9865969 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-169x.1998.t01-4-00003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic and larval expression patterns of the sericin-1 gene and its presumed transcription factor, SGF-3/POU-M1, in the silk gland were analyzed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The sericin-1 transcripts were first detected at embryonic stage 26 in an increasing gradient pattern in the middle and posterior part of the middle silk gland (MSG), while at the same stage the SGF-3/POU-M1 was already present in the entire anterior silk gland (ASG) and in the MSG but with a decreasing gradient pattern. The latter expression pattern was consistently maintained through all larval stages, while the sericin-1 expression was detected during the feeding stages but disappeared at the molting stages. These observations suggest that, although the SGF-3/POU-M1 was proposed to be a positive transcription factor for the sericin-1 gene, the protein might function in a negative manner on sericin-1 gene transcription. Alternatively, it is also possible that the sericin-1 gene might require another unidentified factor or mediator for in vivo transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matsunami
- Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Japan
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17
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Abstract
At least three silk genes are specifically expressed in the posterior, and five other genes in middle, silk glands. The products of genes active in PSG include fibroin, L-chain fibroin and P25 protein. PSG genes as well as the Ser-1 gene, differing in structure, exhibit a striking degree of homology of their 5' flanking sequences. This suggests the presence of common regulatory mechanisms. The expression of silk protein genes is probably controlled by tissue-specific and general transcriptional factors. Hormones seem to participate in the regulation of expression of silk protein genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Grzelak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw
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18
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Ichimura S, Mita K, Numata M. Protein ubiquitination in the posterior silk glands of Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1994; 24:717-722. [PMID: 7520801 DOI: 10.1016/0965-1748(94)90059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin gene expression and the ubiquitination of proteins in the posterior silk glands (PSG) of B. mori were analyzed developmentally with respect to fibroin synthesis and degeneration. Two ubiquitin transcripts are expressed throughout larval stages, and the level of each transcript is regulated differently. The larger transcript, a polyubiquitin mRNA, was abundant during the molt stage, while levels of the smaller ubiquitin transcript increased immediately after molting. Only a single 65 kDa ubiquitinated protein was detected late in the 5th instar, and the amount increased up to spinning stage. This ubiquitinated protein may participate in the PSG degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ichimura
- Division of Biology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba-shi, Japan
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19
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tRNA(IleIAU) (TFIIIR) plays an indirect role in silkworm class III transcription in vitro and inhibits low-frequency DNA cleavage. Mol Cell Biol 1994. [PMID: 8196605 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.14.6.3596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
tRNA(IleIAU) provides an activity, originally called TFIIIR, necessary to reconstitute transcription by silkworm RNA polymerase III in vitro from partially purified components. Here we report studies on the role of tRNA(IleIAU) in in vitro transcription. We show that tRNA(IleIAU) does not act positively but, rather, is required to prevent the action of a transcriptional inhibitor. We also show that the presence of tRNA(IleIAU) in transcription reaction mixtures prevents low-frequency DNA cleavage by the TFIIIB fraction. Studies on the mechanism of transcriptional inhibition suggest that this DNA cleavage could cause transcriptional inhibition through trans-inactivation of transcription machinery. The ability to block DNA cleavage, like the ability to facilitate transcription, is highly specific to silkworm tRNA(IleIAU).
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20
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Dunstan HM, Young LS, Sprague KU. tRNA(IleIAU) (TFIIIR) plays an indirect role in silkworm class III transcription in vitro and inhibits low-frequency DNA cleavage. Mol Cell Biol 1994; 14:3596-603. [PMID: 8196605 PMCID: PMC358727 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.14.6.3596-3603.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
tRNA(IleIAU) provides an activity, originally called TFIIIR, necessary to reconstitute transcription by silkworm RNA polymerase III in vitro from partially purified components. Here we report studies on the role of tRNA(IleIAU) in in vitro transcription. We show that tRNA(IleIAU) does not act positively but, rather, is required to prevent the action of a transcriptional inhibitor. We also show that the presence of tRNA(IleIAU) in transcription reaction mixtures prevents low-frequency DNA cleavage by the TFIIIB fraction. Studies on the mechanism of transcriptional inhibition suggest that this DNA cleavage could cause transcriptional inhibition through trans-inactivation of transcription machinery. The ability to block DNA cleavage, like the ability to facilitate transcription, is highly specific to silkworm tRNA(IleIAU).
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Dunstan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403
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21
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Takiya S, Suzuki Y. Role of the Core Promoter for the Preferential Transcription of Fibroin Gene in the Posterior Silk Gland Extract. (transcription/core promoter/fibroin gene/initiator/DNase I footprint). Dev Growth Differ 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.1993.00311.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Rajan MK, Balakrishnan A, Jayaraman K. Development of an antibody against a 170-kDa fragment of fibroin isolated from cocoon fibres of Bombyx mori. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 1992; 25:37-43. [PMID: 1430790 DOI: 10.1016/0165-022x(92)90034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A simple method for the isolation of denatured fragments of the fibroin protein from cocoon fibres by alkali solubilization is discussed. This 170-kDa antigen has been purified and used to raise the polyclonal antibody in rabbit. The specificity of this antibody to the purified cocoon protein has suggested strong immunoreactivity up to a titre of 1:5000 dilution of the antibody. Further, dot-blot analysis with the tissue extracts from silk glands of different larval stages (3rd to 5th) reveals that this antibody reacts showing a stage-specific increase in the intensity of the colour, correlating well with the in-vivo expression of the silk protein. This study suggests the availability of a specific polyclonal antibody that detects the native fibroin with no crossreactivity with other tissue proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Rajan
- Centre for Biotechnology, A.C. College of Technology, Anna University, Madras, India
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23
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Young LS, Dunstan HM, Witte PR, Smith TP, Ottonello S, Sprague KU. A class III transcription factor composed of RNA. Science 1991; 252:542-6. [PMID: 1708526 DOI: 10.1126/science.1708526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is generally assumed that the machinery that transcribes genes is composed entirely of polypeptides. However, in vitro transcription by silkworm RNA polymerase III requires a transcription factor that is not a polypeptide. This component, TFIIIR, is distinct from the previously identified transcription components: RNA polymerase III, and the accessory factors TFIIIA, TFIIIB, TFIIIC, and TFIIID. The newly discovered TFIIIR is a macromolecule that appears to be composed of RNA. It is resistant to heat, detergent, phenol, protease, and deoxyribonuclease, but it is sensitive to alkali and ribonuclease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Young
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403
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24
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25
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Expression of a cytoplasmic actin gene in relation to the silk production cycle in the silk glands of Bombyx mori. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(91)90019-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Chang PK, Dignam JD. Primary structure of alanyl-tRNA synthetase and the regulation of its mRNA levels in Bombyx mori. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)45301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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27
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Insect silk glands: their types, development and function, and effects of environmental factors and morphogenetic hormones on them. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-7322(90)90022-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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cDNA structure and expression of bombyxin, an insulin-like brain secretory peptide of the silkmoth Bombyx mori. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)83288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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29
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Takiya S, Suzuki Y. Factors involved in preferential transcription of the fibroin gene. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1989; 179:1-9. [PMID: 2917553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors for class II genes from a tissue source, the posterior silk glands of Bombyx mori, were fractionated by stepwise elution on a phosphocellulose column into five fractions: A (0.04 M KCl flow through), A' (0.1 M KCl eluate), B (0.3 M KCl eluate), C (0.5 M KCl eluate) and D (1 M KCl eluate). The minimal requirement for reconstruction of accurate initiation of transcription of the fibroin gene, as well as of the adenovirus 2 major late promoter, was the combination of fractions A, B and D, suggesting that transcription factors from B. mori can recognize general signals of the promoters for class II genes and that basic transcription factors are conserved even in distantly diverged species of eukaryotes. To detect activities stimulating the transcription governed by the promoter of fibroin gene, each fraction was tested for its function by supplementing a basal amount of HeLa cell extract. When circular templates were used, stimulatory activities specific for the fibroin gene were detected in fraction D. This preferential transcription is composed of at least three activities; the first and the second dependent on the upstream elements and the third dependent on the sequence downstream from the TATA box. However, when linear templates were used the preference for the fibroin gene was apparently lost and transcription activation by fraction D became general.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takiya
- Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
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30
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The regulation of major haemolymph protein synthesis: Changes in mRNA content during the development of Bombyx mori larvae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(89)90006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Obara T, Suzuki Y. Temporal and spatial control of silk gene transcription analyzed by nuclear run-on assays. Dev Biol 1988; 127:384-91. [PMID: 3378671 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(88)90325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In vivo transcriptional activity of the Bombyx mori fibroin and sericin genes was estimated by nuclear run-on assay. Tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific expression of the fibroin and sericin genes through larval development was shown to be primarily regulated at the level of transcription. The expression patterns of these two genes are quite different in their developmental profile, suggesting that they are probably regulated by different underlying mechanisms. A finer spatial control of transcription could be found. The sericin gene transcription is mostly restricted to the posterior region of the middle silk gland throughout the fifth larval instar. Interestingly, the fibroin gene transcription is observed only in the anterior region of the posterior silk gland on the first day of the fifth instar, and spreads toward the posterior region as the fifth instar stage proceeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Obara
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki City, Japan
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32
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OHTA SHUNSUKE, SUZUKI YOSHIAKI, HARA WAJIRO, TAKIYA SHIGEHARU, SUZUKI TOSHIHARU. Fibroin Gene Transcription in the Embryonic Stages of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori. (fibroin gene/ faithful transcription/ embryonic stages/Bombyx mori). Dev Growth Differ 1988. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.1988.00293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Suzuki T, Suzuki Y. Interaction of composite protein complex with the fibroin enhancer sequence. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)60662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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34
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Isolation and characterization of fibroin mRNAs from the saturniid silkworms, Antheraea yamamai, Antheraea pernyi and Philosamia cynthia ricini. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(88)90021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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KOGA-BAN YASUNORI, SUZUKI YOSHIAKI. Changes of DNaseI Sensitivity of the Fibroin and Sericin Genes during the Silkworm Development. (DNaseI sensitivity/gene expression/silk gland/chromatin structure). Dev Growth Differ 1987. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.1987.00363.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Kondo K, Aoshima Y, Hagiwara T, Ueda H, Mizuno S. Tissue-specific and periodic changes in the nuclease sensitivity of the fibroin gene chromatin in the silkworm Bombyx mori. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)61184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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37
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Hamada Y, Yamashita O, Suzuki Y. Haemolymph control of sericin gene expression studied by organ transplantation. CELL DIFFERENTIATION 1987; 20:65-76. [PMID: 3815532 DOI: 10.1016/0045-6039(87)90466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A factor that affects synthesis of sericin mRNAs of Bombyx mori was analyzed by organ transplantation and allatectomy. When silk glands of the third instar larvae were transplanted into the abdomen of fifth instar larvae, substantial amounts of sericin mRNAs were induced in the transplant. The induced sericin gene activity was suppressed upon re-transplantation into the abdomen of fourth instar larvae and induced again when the second hosts grew up to fifth instar larvae. An allatectomy performed on fourth instar larvae promoted production of these mRNAs, suggesting that the synthesis of sericin mRNA is regulated by the titer of juvenile hormone.
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38
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39
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The sequence around the 5′ end of the fibroin gene from the wild silkworm, Bombyx mandarina, and comparison with that of the domesticated species, B. mori. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00422057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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ISHIKAWA ETSUKO, SUZUKI YOSHIAKI. Tissue- and Stage-Specific Expression of Sericin Genes in the Middle Silk Gland of Bombyx mori. (sericin mRNA/northern blotting/gene regulation). Dev Growth Differ 1985. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.1985.00073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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KAULENAS MINDAUGASS. Molecular Biology: Protein Synthesis. Biochemistry 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-030811-1.50014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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42
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Silk Synthesis. Biochemistry 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-030811-1.50023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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43
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Ueda H, Hyodo A, Takei F, Sasaki H, Ohshima Y, Shimura K. Sequence polymorphisms in the 5'-upstream region of the fibroin H-chain gene in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Gene 1984; 28:241-8. [PMID: 6329919 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(84)90262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
DNA fragments containing the fibroin H-chain gene from two different strains of Bombyx mori, J-139 and Nd (2) were cloned into phage lambda Charon 4A. Comparison of the restriction sites in these cloned DNAs revealed that in addition to the known polymorphism in the region coding for the repetitive amino acid sequence of the fibroin H-chain [Manning and Gage, J. Biol. Chem. 255 (1980) 9451-9457], at least two other types of polymorphism were present, one around the 5' end of the structural gene, and the other in the far upstream region of the gene. Restriction sites around the 5' end of the gene were well conserved between these strains, but some heterogeneity, suggesting the presence of small insertions, deletions or base changes, was noted. In contrast, DNA sequences of the region 2-4 kb upstream from the 5' end of the gene were markedly different between these two strains, indicating that either a deletion or an insertion of a DNA sequence longer than 2 kb had occurred in this region. Comparison with several other strains suggested that the observed changes in the far-upstream region were unique to the Nd(2) strain.
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44
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Tsujimoto Y, Suzuki Y. Natural fibroin genes purified without using cloning procedures from fibroin-producing and -nonproducing tissues reveal indistinguishable structure and function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1984; 81:1644-8. [PMID: 6584897 PMCID: PMC344974 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.6.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural fibroin genes were purified from total DNA extracted from the fibroin-producer cells (posterior silk gland) and -nonproducer cells (middle silk gland or pupa) by two cycles of CsCl/actinomycin D centrifugation followed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Purity of the final samples was greater than 14%. DNA sequences of these natural genes between positions -171 and +104 were identical and showed no sign of base modification as assayed by the method of Maxam and Gilbert. The determined sequence includes the promoter and a major part of the modulator. When assayed in an in vitro transcription system prepared from middle silk gland, template activities of the purified natural fibroin genes from the producer and the nonproducer were indistinguishable from that of cloned fibroin DNA. Digestion and blotting of total genomic DNAs with several restriction enzymes that recognize methylation changes on DNA revealed no difference of hybridization pattern of fibroin DNAs in a region from -650 to +326 between the producer and nonproducer. Thus, it is unlikely that the differential transcription of the fibroin gene is controlled by a change of base modification in the regions of transcription signals.
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Transcriptional and cell cycle-mediated regulation of myosin heavy chain gene expression during muscle cell differentiation. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)44386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Couble P, Moine A, Garel A, Prudhomme JC. Developmental variations of a nonfibroin mRNA of Bombyx mori silkgland, encoding for a low-molecular-weight silk protein. Dev Biol 1983; 97:398-407. [PMID: 6852371 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(83)90096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of a new silk protein mRNA (P25 mRNA) in posterior silkgland cells (PSG) and the developmental variations of its cell molecular concentration versus that of fibroin mRNA are described. A 80% pure P25 cDNA was obtained by class separation of total nonfibroin cDNA from PSG and used to identify the mRNA in blotted PSG mRNA as a single 1100 nucleotide long species. When purified from agarose gel and translated in a reticulocyte cell-free system, P25 mRNA yielded a 25-kD polypeptide (P25), identical to a 25-kD protein of the cocoon in terms of pI value and partial peptide mapping pattern. Moreover, this protein comigrated with an abundant polypeptide of the posterior silkgland (PSG) and of the middle silkgland (MSG). When tritiated leucine was injected in vivo, labeled P25 showed up in the PSG after a 2-hr pulse but appeared in the MSG only after 24 hr of labeling. Since MSG cells were found to be devoid of P25 mRNA, we concluded that P25 is exclusively synthesized in the PSG, that it accumulates in the MSG lumen and that it is spun out in the same way as fibroin. Specific probes were used to measure the concentrations of P25 mRNA and also fibroin mRNA in PSG total RNA by hybridization with an excess of cDNA. Both species are highly degraded in the few hours following the physiological arrest of feeding which precedes the fourth molting period. Their subsequent accumulation during the fifth intermolt is triggered by food uptake and proceeds in such a way that a constant 1:1 molar ratio is maintained during the period of silk secretion.
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Okamoto H, Ishikawa E, Suzuki Y. Structural analysis of sericin genes. Homologies with fibroin gene in the 5' flanking nucleotide sequences. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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