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Jain K, Panigrahi M, Nayak SS, Rajawat D, Sharma A, Sahoo SP, Bhushan B, Dutt T. The evolution of contemporary livestock species: Insights from mitochondrial genome. Gene 2024; 927:148728. [PMID: 38944163 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The domestication of animals marks a pivotal moment in human history, profoundly influencing our demographic and cultural progress. This process has led to significant genetic, behavioral, and physical changes in livestock species compared to their wild ancestors. Understanding the evolutionary history and genetic diversity of livestock species is crucial, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has emerged as a robust marker for investigating molecular diversity in animals. Its highly conserved gene content across animal species, minimal duplications, absence of introns, and short intergenic regions make mtDNA analysis ideal for such studies. Mitochondrial DNA analysis has uncovered distinct cattle domestication events dating back to 8000 years BC in Southwestern Asia. The sequencing of water buffalo mtDNA in 2004 provided important insights into their domestication history. Caprine mtDNA analysis identified three haplogroups, indicating varied maternal origins. Sheep, domesticated 12,000 years ago, exhibit diverse mtDNA lineages, suggesting multiple domestication events. Ovine mtDNA studies revealed clades A, B, C, and a fourth lineage, group D. The origins of domestic pigs were traced to separate European and Asian events followed by interbreeding. In camels, mtDNA elucidated the phylogeographic structure and genetic differentiation between wild and domesticated species. Horses, domesticated around 3500 BC, show significant mtDNA variability, highlighting their diverse origins. Yaks exhibit unique adaptations for high-altitude environments, with mtDNA analysis providing insights into their adaptation. Chicken mtDNA studies supported a monophyletic origin from Southeast Asia's red jungle fowl, with evidence of multiple origins. This review explores livestock evolution and diversity through mtDNA studies, focusing on cattle, water buffalo, goat, sheep, pig, camel, horse, yak and chicken. It highlights mtDNA's significance in unraveling maternal lineages, genetic diversity, and domestication histories, concluding with insights into its potential application in improving livestock production and reproduction dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Jain
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Manjit Panigrahi
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India.
| | - Sonali Sonejita Nayak
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Divya Rajawat
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Anurodh Sharma
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | | | - Bharat Bhushan
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
| | - Triveni Dutt
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, UP, India
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Petrova TV, Panitsina VA, Bodrov SY, Abramson NI. The mitochondrial genome of the critically endangered enigmatic Kazakhstani endemic Selevinia betpakdalaensis (Rodentia: Gliridae) and its phylogenetic relationships with other dormouse species. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22259. [PMID: 39333293 PMCID: PMC11436627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73703-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Dormice (family Gliridae) are an ancient group of rodents. It was fully dominant in the Oligocene and Early Miocene, and its current diversity is represented by a few extant species. A Kazakhstani endemic, the desert dormouse Selevinia betpakdalaensis is one of the most enigmatic dormouse species. Lack of genetic data has not allowed Selevinia to be included in previous molecular phylogenetic analyses. In the current study, we report the first genetic data on S. betpakdalaensis as well as mitochondrial genomes of Myomimus roachi and Glirulus japonicus (retrieved from museum specimens) and a mitogenome of Graphiurus murinus (assembled from SRA data). The assembled mitochondrial genomes were combined with available mitochondrial data from GenBank to reconstruct the mitochondrial phylogeny of Gliridae. Taking into account a distortion of the phylogeny as a result of an analysis of the saturated third codon position, we obtained for the first time a resolved phylogeny of the family. The first split within Gliridae was estimated as an average of 34.6 Mya, whereas divergence time of subfamilies Graphiurinae and Glirinae was assessed at 32.67 Mya. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed the relationship (previously shown based on cranial and mandibular morphology) between Selevinia and the Myomimus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V Petrova
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics and Paleogenomics, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Valentina A Panitsina
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics and Paleogenomics, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Semyon Yu Bodrov
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics and Paleogenomics, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia I Abramson
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics and Paleogenomics, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
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3
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Dorji J, Chamberlain AJ, Reich CM, VanderJagt CJ, Nguyen TV, Daetwyler HD, MacLeod IM. Mitochondrial sequence variants: testing imputation accuracy and their association with dairy cattle milk traits. Genet Sel Evol 2024; 56:62. [PMID: 39266998 PMCID: PMC11391750 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-024-00931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial genomes differ from the nuclear genome and in humans it is known that mitochondrial variants contribute to genetic disorders. Prior to genomics, some livestock studies assessed the role of the mitochondrial genome but these were limited and inconclusive. Modern genome sequencing provides an opportunity to re-evaluate the potential impact of mitochondrial variation on livestock traits. This study first evaluated the empirical accuracy of mitochondrial sequence imputation and then used real and imputed mitochondrial sequence genotypes to study the role of mitochondrial variants on milk production traits of dairy cattle. RESULTS The empirical accuracy of imputation from Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) panels to mitochondrial sequence genotypes was assessed in 516 test animals of Holstein, Jersey and Red breeds using Beagle software and a sequence reference of 1883 animals. The overall accuracy estimated as the Pearson's correlation squared (R2) between all imputed and real genotypes across all animals was 0.454. The low accuracy was attributed partly to the majority of variants having low minor allele frequency (MAF < 0.005) but also due to variants in the hypervariable D-loop region showing poor imputation accuracy. Beagle software provides an internal estimate of imputation accuracy (DR2), and 10 percent of the total 1927 imputed positions showed DR2 greater than 0.9 (N = 201). There were 151 sites with empirical R2 > 0.9 (of 954 variants segregating in the test animals) and 138 of these overlapped the sites with DR2 > 0.9. This suggests that the DR2 statistic is a reasonable proxy to select sites that are imputed with higher accuracy for downstream analyses. Accordingly, in the second part of the study mitochondrial sequence variants were imputed from real mitochondrial SNP panel genotypes of 9515 Australian Holstein, Jersey and Red dairy cattle. Then, using only sites with DR2 > 0.900 and real genotypes, we undertook a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for milk, fat and protein yields. The GWAS mitochondrial SNP effects were not significant. CONCLUSION The accuracy of imputation of mitochondrial genotypes from the SNP panel to sequence was generally low. The Beagle DR2 statistic enabled selection of sites imputed with higher empirical accuracy. We recommend building larger reference populations with mitochondrial sequence to improve the accuracy of imputing less common variants and ensuring that SNP panels include common variants in the D-loop region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigme Dorji
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia.
| | - Amanda J Chamberlain
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Coralie M Reich
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Christy J VanderJagt
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Tuan V Nguyen
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Hans D Daetwyler
- Global Genomics and Breeding Design Vegetable R&D, Bayer Crop Science, Bergschenhoek, The Netherlands
| | - Iona M MacLeod
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
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Ampadi AN, Sadeesh EM, Lahamge MS. Mitochondrial DNA D-loop SNPs unveil molecular signatures of milk production variation in Murrah buffalo. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:902. [PMID: 39126486 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09830-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Murrah buffalo, pivotal in Asian agriculture, faces challenges in maximizing milk production despite significant breeding efforts. Recognizing its economic importance, this study investigates mtDNA D-loop variations in Murrah buffalo as potential indicators of milk production variability, addressing challenges in maximizing yield despite significant breeding efforts. METHODS AND RESULTS Analyzing mtDNA D-loop sequences from 50 buffaloes, we categorized them into Low (Group 1), Medium (Group 2), and High ECM (Group 3) groups based on milk yields, fat and protein percentage of a 30-day period data. Somatic cell mtDNA D-loop analysis revealed distinct genetic variations, with significant differences among ECM groups. Group 2 showed higher SNP prevalence, group 3 had more insertions/deletions, and Group 1 exhibited the highest transition frequency. Notably, a consistent "C" deletion at the 714th position occurred in Groups 1 and 3, prevalent in 68% of Group 2. A G-A variation at the 93rd position was specific to the medium ECM group. Negative Tajima D values indicated unique variations in each group, with Group 1 having the highest number, and a specific SNP linked to Group 2 was identified. These SNPs in the D-loop region could impact mtDNA replication, influencing mitochondrial content among animals. Our results provide valuable insights into the role of mtDNA D-loop polymorphisms in milk production traits in Murrah buffalo. CONCLUSIONS Our research highlights the potential for valuable markers of cellular energy efficiency in Murrah buffalo. Exploring diverse cytoplasmic backgrounds opens avenues for mtDNA-based selection strategies, enhancing milk production and optimizing genetic traits for the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Ampadi
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology of Farm Animals, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - E M Sadeesh
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology of Farm Animals, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Madhuri S Lahamge
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology of Farm Animals, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
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Pérez-Gómez A, Hamze JG, Flores-Borobia I, Galiano-Cogolludo B, Lamas-Toranzo I, González-Brusi L, Ramos-Ibeas P, Bermejo-Álvarez P. HH5 double-carrier embryos fail to progress through early conceptus elongation. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:6371-6382. [PMID: 38642647 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Massive genotyping in cattle has uncovered several deleterious haplotypes that cause preterm mortality. Holstein haplotype 5 (HH5) is a deleterious haplotype present in the Holstein Friesian population that involves the ablation of the transcription factor B1 mitochondrial (TFB1M) gene. The developmental stage at which HH5 double-carrier (DC, homozygous) embryos or fetuses die remains unknown and this is a relevant information to estimate the economic losses associated with the inadvertent cross between carriers. To determine whether HH5 DC survive to maternal recognition of pregnancy, embryonic day (E) 14 embryos were flushed from superovulated carrier cows inseminated with a carrier bull. Double-carrier E14 conceptuses were recovered at Mendelian rates but they failed to achieve early elongation, as evidenced by a drastic reduction of their extra-embryonic membranes, which were >26-fold shorter than those of carrier or noncarrier embryos. To assess development at earlier stages, TFB1M knockout (KO) embryos-functionally equivalent to DC embryos-were generated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology and cultured to the blastocyst stage, in vitro culture day (D) 8, and to the early embryonic disc stage, D12. No significant effect of TFB1M ablation was observed on the differentiation and proliferation of embryonic lineages and relative mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content up to D12. In conclusion, HH5 DC embryos are able to develop to early embryonic disc stage but fail to undergo early conceptus elongation, which is required for pregnancy recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pérez-Gómez
- Animal Reproduction Department, INIA, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J G Hamze
- Animal Reproduction Department, INIA, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Universidad de Murcia, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - I Lamas-Toranzo
- Animal Reproduction Department, INIA, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Universidad de Murcia, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - L González-Brusi
- Animal Reproduction Department, INIA, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Universidad de Murcia, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research (Campus Mare Nostrum), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - P Ramos-Ibeas
- Animal Reproduction Department, INIA, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Kundu S, Mukherjee T, Kamalakannan M, Barhadiya G, Ghosh C, Kim HW. Matrilineal phylogeny and habitat suitability of the endangered spotted pond turtle ( Geoclemys hamiltonii; Testudines: Geoemydidae): a two-dimensional approach to forecasting future conservation consequences. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15975. [PMID: 37692114 PMCID: PMC10492536 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The spotted pond turtle (Geoclemys hamiltonii) is a threatened and less explored species endemic to Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. To infer structural variation and matrilineal phylogenetic interpretation, the present research decoded the mitogenome of G. hamiltonii (16,509 bp) using next-generation sequencing technology. The mitogenome comprises 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and one AT-rich control region (CR) with similar strand symmetry in vertebrates. The ATG was identified as a start codon in most of the PCGs except Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), which started with the GTG codon. The non-coding CR of G. hamiltonii was determined to have a unique structure and variation in different domains and stem-loop secondary structure as compared with other Batagurinae species. The PCGs-based Bayesian phylogeny inferred strong monophyletic support for all Batagurinae species and confirmed the sister relationship of G. hamiltonii with Pangshura and Batagur taxa. We recommend generating more mitogenomic data for other Batagurinae species to confirm their population structure and evolutionary relationships. In addition, the present study aims to infer the habitat suitability and habitat quality of G. hamiltonii in its global distribution, both in the present and future climatic scenarios. We identify that only 58,542 km2 (7.16%) of the total range extent (817,341 km2) is suitable for this species, along with the fragmented habitats in both the eastern and western ranges. Comparative habitat quality assessment suggests the level of patch shape in the western range is higher (71.3%) compared to the eastern range. Our results suggest a massive decline of approximately 65.73% to 70.31% and 70.53% to 75.30% under ssp245 and ssp585 future scenarios, respectively, for the years between 2021-2040 and 2061-2080 compared with the current distribution. The present study indicates that proper conservation management requires greater attention to the causes and solutions to the fragmented distribution and safeguarding of this endangered species in the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra (IGB) river basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Kundu
- Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Tanoy Mukherjee
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Gaurav Barhadiya
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Chirashree Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
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Brunson K, Witt KE, Monge S, Williams S, Peede D, Odsuren D, Bukhchuluun D, Cameron A, Szpak P, Amartuvshin C, Honeychurch W, Wright J, Pleuger S, Erdene M, Tumen D, Rogers L, Khatanbaatar D, Batdalai B, Galdan G, Janz L. Ancient Mongolian aurochs genomes reveal sustained introgression and management in East Asia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.10.552443. [PMID: 37609302 PMCID: PMC10441390 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.10.552443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Societies in East Asia have utilized domesticated cattle for over 5000 years, but the genetic history of cattle in East Asia remains understudied. Genome-wide analyses of 23 ancient Mongolian cattle reveal that East Asian aurochs and ancient East Asian taurine cattle are closely related, but neither are closely related to any modern East Asian breeds. We observe binary variation in aurochs diet throughout the early Neolithic, and genomic evidence shows millennia of sustained male-dominated introgression. We identify a unique connection between ancient Mongolian aurochs and the European Hereford breed. These results point to the likelihood of human management of aurochs in Northeast Asia prior to and during the initial adoption of taurine cattle pastoralism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey E. Witt
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University; Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University; Providence 02912, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Brown University; Providence 02912, USA
| | - Susan Monge
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Sloan Williams
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - David Peede
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University; Providence 02912, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Brown University; Providence 02912, USA
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University; Providence 02912, USA
| | - Davaakhuu Odsuren
- Department of History, Mongolian National University of Education; Ulaanbaatar, Sukhbaatar district, 210648, Mongolia
- Institute of Archaeology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar-51, Mongolia
| | - Dashzeveg Bukhchuluun
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, 10 Sachem St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Asa Cameron
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, 10 Sachem St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Paul Szpak
- Department of Anthropology, Trent University; Peterborough K9J 6Y1, Canada
| | - Chunag Amartuvshin
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, National University of Mongolia; Ulaanbaatar-51, Mongolia
| | - William Honeychurch
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, 10 Sachem St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Joshua Wright
- Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, King’s College; Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Sarah Pleuger
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Myagmar Erdene
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, National University of Mongolia; Ulaanbaatar-51, Mongolia
| | - Dashtseveg Tumen
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, National University of Mongolia; Ulaanbaatar-51, Mongolia
| | - Leland Rogers
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina Wilmington; Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
| | - Dorjpurev Khatanbaatar
- School of Business Administration and Humanities, The Mongolian University of Science and Technology; Mongolia
| | - Byambatseren Batdalai
- Archaeological Research Center, National University of Mongolia; Ulaanbaatar-51, Mongolia
| | - Ganbaatar Galdan
- Institute of Archaeology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar-51, Mongolia
| | - Lisa Janz
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Scarborough; Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
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Delsol N, Stucky BJ, Oswald JA, Cobb CR, Emery KF, Guralnick R. Ancient DNA confirms diverse origins of early post-Columbian cattle in the Americas. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12444. [PMID: 37528222 PMCID: PMC10394069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Before the arrival of Europeans, domestic cattle (Bos taurus) did not exist in the Americas, and most of our knowledge about how domestic bovines first arrived in the Western Hemisphere is based on historical documents. Sixteenth-century colonial accounts suggest that the first cattle were brought in small numbers from the southern Iberian Peninsula via the Canary archipelago to the Caribbean islands where they were bred locally and imported to other circum-Caribbean regions. Modern American heritage cattle genetics and limited ancient mtDNA data from archaeological colonial cattle suggest a more complex story of mixed ancestries from Europe and Africa. So far little information exists to understand the nature and timing of the arrival of these mixed-ancestry populations. In this study we combine ancient mitochondrial and nuclear DNA from a robust sample of some of the earliest archaeological specimens from Caribbean and Mesoamerican sites to clarify the origins and the dynamics of bovine introduction into the Americas. Our analyses support first arrival of cattle from diverse locales and potentially confirm the early arrival of African-sourced cattle in the Americas, followed by waves of later introductions from various sources over several centuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Delsol
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Brian J Stucky
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Jessica A Oswald
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Fish and Wildlife Forensic Laboratory, Ashland, OR, 97520, USA
| | - Charles R Cobb
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Kitty F Emery
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Robert Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Saikia BJ, Bhardwaj J, Paul S, Sharma S, Neog A, Paul SR, Binukumar BK. Understanding the Roles and Regulation of Mitochondrial microRNAs (MitomiRs) in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Status and Advances. Mech Ageing Dev 2023:111838. [PMID: 37329989 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a class of small non-coding RNA, roughly 21 - 22 nucleotides in length, which are master gene regulators. These miRNAs bind to the mRNA's 3' - untranslated region and regulate post-transcriptional gene regulation, thereby influencing various physiological and cellular processes. Another class of miRNAs known as mitochondrial miRNA (MitomiRs) has been found to either originate from the mitochondrial genome or be translocated directly into the mitochondria. Although the role of nuclear DNA encoded miRNA in the progression of various neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, etc. is well known, accumulating evidence suggests the possible role of deregulated mitomiRs in the progression of various neurodegenerative diseases with unknown mechanism. We have attempted to outline the current state of mitomiRs role in controlling mitochondrial gene expression and function through this review, paying particular attention to their contribution to neurological processes, their etiology, and their potential therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Jyoti Saikia
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi - 110007; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Juhi Bhardwaj
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi - 110007; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Sangita Paul
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi - 110007; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Srishti Sharma
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi - 110007; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Anindita Neog
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi - 110007
| | - Swaraj Ranjan Paul
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi - 110007
| | - B K Binukumar
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi - 110007; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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Petrova T, Bondareva O, Bodrov S, Abramov A, Abramson N. The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Dendrogale murina (Tupaiidae) and Phylogeny of Scandentia. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030624. [PMID: 36980896 PMCID: PMC10048463 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of the northern smooth-tailed treeshrew Dendrogale murina, which was sequenced for the first time using the Illumina next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. The total length of the mitochondrial genome is 16,844–16,850 bp and encodes 37 genes, including two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) 12S and 16S, 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and a D-loop in the characteristic arrangement of family Tupaiidae (Mammalia: Scandentia). The overall base composition of the complete mitochondrial DNA is A (33.5%), C (25.5%), G (13.9%), and T (27.1%). Phylogenetic analysis of Scandentia mitochondrial genomes showed a classic pattern, which was revealed previously while using individual phylogenetic markers. The result of the current study is consistent with one based on the latest morphological studies, with the basal position of Ptilocercus and Dendrogale sister to the rest of the Tupaiidae genera. The divergence time of the Dendrogale genus is estimated as Eocene–Oligocene, with the mean value of 35.8 MYA, and the Ptilocercus genus probably separated at about 46.3 MYA. We observe an increase in the age of all nodes within the Scandentia, except for a decrease in the age of separation of Ptilocercus. This result can be explained both by the addition of new mitochondrial genome data in the analysis and the usage of new calibration points from recently published data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Bondareva
- Zoological Institute RAS, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Semyon Bodrov
- Zoological Institute RAS, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexei Abramov
- Zoological Institute RAS, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Joint Vietnamese-Russian Tropical Research and Technological Centre, Nguyen Van Huyen, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi 650000, Vietnam
| | - Natalia Abramson
- Zoological Institute RAS, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
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11
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Legacies of domestication, Neolithic diffusion and trade between Indian subcontinent and Island Southeast Asia shape maternal genetic diversity of Andaman cattle. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278681. [PMID: 36490290 PMCID: PMC9733863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Andaman cattle is a precious indigenous livestock species endemic to Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Till date, origin and genetic makeup of the breed which is warranted for breed conservation is not known. Moreover, the spread of zebu cattle from Indus valley to different parts of Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) is not properly understood. Here, we report the genetic diversity, population structure of Andaman cattle and their evolution in the context of epicentre of zebu domestication and ISEA. High genetic diversity in complete mitochondrial D-loop sequences indicated the ability of the breed to withstand impending climate change. Total 81 haplotypes were detected and all of them except three belonged to Bos indicus. The presence of taurine haplotypes in Andaman cattle indicate introgression by European-derived cattle. A poor phylogenetic signal of Andaman cattle with genetic affinities with cattle of Indian subcontinent and ISEA was observed. The poor phylogenetic structure may be due to multidirectional gene flow from Indian subcontinent and ISEA, with which Andaman shares a close cultural and trade relationship from Neolithic age. We hypothesize that Andaman cattle is the outcome of Neolithic diffusion from centre of zebu domestication along with multidirectional commercial exchange between Indian subcontinent and ISEA.
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12
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Liu H, Zhai J, Wu H, Wang J, Zhang S, Li J, Niu Z, Shen C, Zhang K, Liu Z, Jiang F, Song E, Sun X, Wang Y, Lan X. Diversity of Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups and Their Association with Bovine Antral Follicle Count. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182350. [PMID: 36139210 PMCID: PMC9495067 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal origins based on the bovine mitochondrial D-loop region are proven to have two main origins: Bos taurus and Bos indicus. To examine the association between the maternal origins of bovine and reproductive traits, the complete mitochondrial D-loop region sequences from 501 Chinese Holstein cows and 94 individuals of other breeds were analyzed. Based on the results obtained from the haplotype analysis, 260 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism), 32 indels (insertion/deletion), and 219 haplotypes were identified. Moreover, the nucleotide diversity (π) and haplotype diversity (Hd) were 0.024 ± 0.001 and 0.9794 ± 0.003, respectively, indicating the abundance of genetic resources in Chinese Holstein cows. The results of the median-joining network analysis showed two haplogroups (HG, including HG1 and HG2) that diverged in genetic distance. Furthermore, the two haplogroups were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with the antral follicle (diameter ≥ 8 mm) count, and HG1 individuals had more antral follicles than HG2 individuals, suggesting that these different genetic variants between HG1 and HG2 correlate with reproductive traits. The construction of a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree and principal component analysis also revealed two main clades (HG1 and HG2) with different maternal origins: Bos indicus and Bos taurus, respectively. Therefore, HG1 originating from the maternal ancestors of Bos indicus may have a greater reproductive performance, and potential genetic variants discovered may promote the breeding process in the cattle industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Junjun Zhai
- College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shaowei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhihan Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chenglong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Kaijuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhengqing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fugui Jiang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Enliang Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xiuzhu Sun
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (X.L.)
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13
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The mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Rhacophorus rhodopus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13693. [PMID: 35953583 PMCID: PMC9372073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Classification of the genus Rhacophorus has been problematic. In particular there has been considerable controversy surrounding the phylogenetic relationships among Rhacophorus rhodopus, R. bipunctatus, and R. reinwardtii. To examine the relationship among these Rhacophorus species, we assembled the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of R. rhodopus. The R. rhodopus genome is 15,789 bp in length with 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs) (losing ND5), two ribosomal genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region (D-loop). Base composition of the overall sequence was 60.86% for A + T content and 39.14% for C + G content. Most of the PCGs used ATG as a start codon, except for the COX I gene, which used the ATA start codon. COX I and ND6 used AGG and ATP8 stop codons respectively, while ND3 and ND4L used the TAA stop codon. For the remaining seven genes, the stop codons was incomplete. In addition, both 5' and 3' of the control areas had distinct repeating regions. Based on three datasets and two methods (Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML)), we reconstructed three phylogenetic trees to explore the taxonomic status of the species and the phylogenetic relationship among R. rhodopus, R. bipunctatus and R. reinwardtii. Our results indicated that these three species are non-monophyletic; thus, the phylogenetic relationship among them is complex and difficult to determine. Further, R. rhodopus is divided into three lineages from different parts of China. The two Rhacophorus samples showed very close phylogenetic relationship with R. rhodopus. Our results add to the mitochondrial genome database of amphibians and will help to disentangle the phylogenetic relationships within the Rhacophoridae.
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14
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Leonard AS, Crysnanto D, Fang ZH, Heaton MP, Vander Ley BL, Herrera C, Bollwein H, Bickhart DM, Kuhn KL, Smith TPL, Rosen BD, Pausch H. Structural variant-based pangenome construction has low sensitivity to variability of haplotype-resolved bovine assemblies. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3012. [PMID: 35641504 PMCID: PMC9156671 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advantages of pangenomes over linear reference assemblies for genome research have recently been established. However, potential effects of sequence platform and assembly approach, or of combining assemblies created by different approaches, on pangenome construction have not been investigated. Here we generate haplotype-resolved assemblies from the offspring of three bovine trios representing increasing levels of heterozygosity that each demonstrate a substantial improvement in contiguity, completeness, and accuracy over the current Bos taurus reference genome. Diploid coverage as low as 20x for HiFi or 60x for ONT is sufficient to produce two haplotype-resolved assemblies meeting standards set by the Vertebrate Genomes Project. Structural variant-based pangenomes created from the haplotype-resolved assemblies demonstrate significant consensus regardless of sequence platform, assembler algorithm, or coverage. Inspecting pangenome topologies identifies 90 thousand structural variants including 931 overlapping with coding sequences; this approach reveals variants affecting QRICH2, PRDM9, HSPA1A, TAS2R46, and GC that have potential to affect phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Leonard
- Animal Genomics, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Danang Crysnanto
- Animal Genomics, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zih-Hua Fang
- Animal Genomics, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael P Heaton
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA-ARS, 844 Road 313, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - Brian L Vander Ley
- Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Carolina Herrera
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Department for Farm Animals, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Bollwein
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Department for Farm Animals, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Derek M Bickhart
- Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1925 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kristen L Kuhn
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA-ARS, 844 Road 313, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - Timothy P L Smith
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA-ARS, 844 Road 313, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - Benjamin D Rosen
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Hubert Pausch
- Animal Genomics, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland.
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15
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Phenotype of Mrps5-Associated Phylogenetic Polymorphisms Is Intimately Linked to Mitoribosomal Misreading. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084384. [PMID: 35457201 PMCID: PMC9030964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently identified point mutation V336Y in mitoribosomal protein Mrps5 (uS5m) as a mitoribosomal ram (ribosomal ambiguity) mutation conferring error-prone mitochondrial protein synthesis. In vivo in transgenic knock-in animals, homologous mutation V338Y was associated with a discrete phenotype including impaired mitochondrial function, anxiety-related behavioral alterations, enhanced susceptibility to noise-induced hearing damage, and accelerated metabolic aging in muscle. To challenge the postulated link between Mrps5 V338Y-mediated misreading and the in vivo phenotype, we introduced mutation G315R into the mouse Mrps5 gene as Mrps5 G315R is homologous to the established bacterial ram mutation RpsE (uS5) G104R. However, in contrast to bacterial translation, the homologous G → R mutation in mitoribosomal Mrps5 did not affect the accuracy of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Importantly, in the absence of mitochondrial misreading, homozygous mutant MrpS5G315R/G315R mice did not show a phenotype distinct from wild-type animals.
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16
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Dorji J, Vander Jagt CJ, Chamberlain AJ, Cocks BG, MacLeod IM, Daetwyler HD. Recovery of mitogenomes from whole genome sequences to infer maternal diversity in 1883 modern taurine and indicine cattle. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5582. [PMID: 35379858 PMCID: PMC8980051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal diversity based on a sub-region of mitochondrial genome or variants were commonly used to understand past demographic events in livestock. Additionally, there is growing evidence of direct association of mitochondrial genetic variants with a range of phenotypes. Therefore, this study used complete bovine mitogenomes from a large sequence database to explore the full spectrum of maternal diversity. Mitogenome diversity was evaluated among 1883 animals representing 156 globally important cattle breeds. Overall, the mitogenomes were diverse: presenting 11 major haplogroups, expanding to 1309 unique haplotypes, with nucleotide diversity 0.011 and haplotype diversity 0.999. A small proportion of African taurine (3.5%) and indicine (1.3%) haplogroups were found among the European taurine breeds and composites. The haplogrouping was largely consistent with the population structure derived from alternate clustering methods (e.g. PCA and hierarchical clustering). Further, we present evidence confirming a new indicine subgroup (I1a, 64 animals) mainly consisting of breeds originating from China and characterised by two private mutations within the I1 haplogroup. The total genetic variation was attributed mainly to within-breed variance (96.9%). The accuracy of the imputation of missing genotypes was high (99.8%) except for the relatively rare heteroplasmic genotypes, suggesting the potential for trait association studies within a breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigme Dorji
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| | - Christy J Vander Jagt
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Amanda J Chamberlain
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Benjamin G Cocks
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Iona M MacLeod
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| | - Hans D Daetwyler
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
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17
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Petretto E, Dettori ML, Pazzola M, Manca F, Amills M, Vacca GM. Mitochondrial DNA diversity of the Sardinian local cattle stock. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2486. [PMID: 35169207 PMCID: PMC8847569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to characterize the genetic diversity of the Sarda (Sa, n = 131), Sardo Bruna (SB, n = 44) and Sardo Modicana (SM, n = 26) cattle breeds, reared in the island of Sardinia (Italy). A portion of the mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region was sequenced, in order to identify a potential signature of African introgression. The FST coefficients among populations ranged between 0.056 for Sa vs SB and 0.167 for SB vs SM. AMOVA analysis indicated there was a significant differentiation of the three breeds, although most of diversity was gathered at the within-breed level. The Median Joining Network of the Sardinian sequences showed a potential founder effect signature. A MJ network including Sardinian cattle plus African, Italian, Iberian and Asian sequences, revealed the presence of haplogroup T3, already detected in Sa cattle, and the presence of Hg T1 and Hg T1′2′3, in Sa and SB. The presence of a private haplotype belonging to haplogroup T1, which is characteristic of African taurine breeds, may be due to the introgression of Sardinian breeds with African cattle, either directly (most probable source: North African cattle) or indirectly (through a Mediterranean intermediary already introgressed with African blood).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Petretto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.,Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Dettori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Michele Pazzola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Fabio Manca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marcel Amills
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Massimo Vacca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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18
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Kundu S, Pakrashi A, Kamalakannan M, Singha D, Tyagi K, Banerjee D, Venkatraman C, Kumar V. Complete mitogenome of the endangered and endemic Nicobar treeshrew (Tupaia nicobarica) and comparison with other Scandentians. Sci Rep 2022; 12:877. [PMID: 35042947 PMCID: PMC8766473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04907-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nicobar treeshrew (Tupaia nicobarica) is an endangered small mammal endemic to the Nicobar Island of the Andaman Sea, India regarded as an alternative experimental animal model in biomedical research. The present study aimed to assemble the first mitochondrial genome of T. nicobarica to elucidate its phylogenetic position with respect to other Scandentians. The structure and variation of the novel mitochondrial genome were analyzed and compared with other Scandentians. The complete mitogenome (17,164 bp) encodes 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA (rRNAs), and one control region (CR). Most of the genes were encoded on majority strand, except nad6 and eight tRNAs. The nonsynonymous/synonymous ratio in all PCGs indicates strong negative selection among all Tupaiidae species. The comparative study of CRs revealed the occurrence of tandem repeats (CGTACA) found in T. nicobarica. The phylogenetic analyses (Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference) showed distinct clustering of T. nicobarica with high branch supports and depict a substantial divergence time (12-19 MYA) from the ancestor lineage of Tupaiidae. The 16S rRNA dataset corroborates the taxonomic rank of two subspecies of T. nicobarica from the Great and Little Nicobar Islands. In the future, whole nuclear genome sequencing is necessary to further improve our understanding of evolutionary relationships among treeshrews, and will have implications for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Kundu
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 700053, India
| | - Avas Pakrashi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 700053, India
| | | | - Devkant Singha
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 700053, India
| | - Kaomud Tyagi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 700053, India
| | - Dhriti Banerjee
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 700053, India
- Mammal and Osteology Section, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 700053, India
| | | | - Vikas Kumar
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 700053, India.
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19
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Molecular Phylogenetics and Mitochondrial Evolution. Life (Basel) 2021; 12:life12010004. [PMID: 35054397 PMCID: PMC8780756 DOI: 10.3390/life12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The myth of a “typical” mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is a rock-hard belief in the field of genetics, at least for the animal kingdom [...]
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20
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Schöller E, Marks J, Marchand V, Bruckmann A, Powell CA, Reichold M, Mutti CD, Dettmer K, Feederle R, Hüttelmaier S, Helm M, Oefner P, Minczuk M, Motorin Y, Hafner M, Meister G. Balancing of mitochondrial translation through METTL8-mediated m 3C modification of mitochondrial tRNAs. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4810-4825.e12. [PMID: 34774131 PMCID: PMC11214777 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria contain a specific translation machinery for the synthesis of mitochondria-encoded respiratory chain components. Mitochondrial tRNAs (mt-tRNAs) are also generated from the mitochondrial DNA and, similar to their cytoplasmic counterparts, are post-transcriptionally modified. Here, we find that the RNA methyltransferase METTL8 is a mitochondrial protein that facilitates 3-methyl-cytidine (m3C) methylation at position C32 of the mt-tRNASer(UCN) and mt-tRNAThr. METTL8 knockout cells show a reduction in respiratory chain activity, whereas overexpression increases activity. In pancreatic cancer, METTL8 levels are high, which correlates with lower patient survival and an enhanced respiratory chain activity. Mitochondrial ribosome profiling uncovered mitoribosome stalling on mt-tRNASer(UCN)- and mt-tRNAThr-dependent codons. Further analysis of the respiratory chain complexes using mass spectrometry revealed reduced incorporation of the mitochondrially encoded proteins ND6 and ND1 into complex I. The well-balanced translation of mt-tRNASer(UCN)- and mt-tRNAThr-dependent codons through METTL8-mediated m3C32 methylation might, therefore, facilitate the optimal composition and function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schöller
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - James Marks
- RNA Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Virginie Marchand
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, INSERM, UMS2008/US40 IBSLor, EpiRNA-Seq Core facility, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Astrid Bruckmann
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christopher A Powell
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Markus Reichold
- Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Daniel Mutti
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Katja Dettmer
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Mark Helm
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michal Minczuk
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Yuri Motorin
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, INSERM, UMS2008/US40 IBSLor, EpiRNA-Seq Core facility, 54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, CNRS, UMR7365 IMoPA, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Markus Hafner
- RNA Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gunter Meister
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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21
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Zamyatnin AA, Belozerskaya TA, Zamyatnin AA. Taxonomy of Mitochondrial Cytochrome B Proteins of the Same Amino Acid Sequence Length. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:1041818. [PMID: 34803523 PMCID: PMC8601843 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1041818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior to this study, we discovered a protein characterized by many different amino acid sequences with the same number of amino acid residues. This turned out to be a unique cytochrome b, in which 1048 molecules out of 1689 contain 379 amino acid residues. A detailed study of the occurrence of this protein in living organisms at different taxonomic levels (from biological domains to biological orders of animals) has been carried out in the work presented here. We found that the main part of all b cytochromes is present in eukaryotes (99.2%), in biological kingdoms (95.9% in animals), in biological phylums (97.5% in chordates), and in biological classes (79.7% in mammals). Withal, this protein, containing 379 amino acid residues and characterized by many different amino acid sequences, is found only in eukaryotes (100%), only in animals (100%) and mainly in mammals (81.1%). Thus, a representative that has cytochrome b with a corresponding number of amino acid residues has not yet been identified among archaea and prokaryotes, while it is common in representatives of different biological types, classes, and orders of animals. It is believed that the structural diversity of a given protein within the same length and its one function of participation in the process of electron transfer relate to the physicochemical features of the extra- and intramembrane fragments of the polypeptide chain of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Zamyatnin
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Belozerskaya
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
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22
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Kambal S, Abdelrahim AE, Hanotte O, Nakao R, Alkhaibari AM, Salim B. Demographic expansion and high level of matrilineal diversity in two populations of East African Baggara cattle. J Anim Breed Genet 2021; 139:161-169. [PMID: 34520084 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Western Baggara cattle breed (WBCB) is an East African zebu inhabiting Sudan, well-known as beef-producing cattle. We investigated herein two phenotypically and geographically distinct populations of this breed, namely Nyalawi and Daeinawi, which are renowned for their unique meat production capabilities and adaptation attributes, with the aim to contribute to our understanding of their maternal genetic diversity and demography dynamics. Genetic polymorphism analysis of the full-length D-loop mtDNA region revealed 44 and 35 polymorphic sites defining 28 and 24 distinct haplotypes in the Nyalawi and the Daeinawi, respectively. Observed genetic diversity is high within the population with a low level of genetic differentiation between populations. Approximate Bayesian computation via the calculation of Bayesian skyline plots and neutrality tests support past expansion with a higher maternal effective population size (Ne ) in Nyalawi compared with the Daeinawi population and a population expansion beginning around 4,500 YBP and 3,500 YBP, respectively, before the arrival of zebu into the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaya Kambal
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National University Biomedical Research Institute, National University-Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan.,International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Amina E Abdelrahim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum-North, Sudan
| | - Olivier Hanotte
- Cells, Organisms and Molecular Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,LiveGene - CTLGH, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Department of Disease Control, Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Abeer M Alkhaibari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashir Salim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum-North, Sudan
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23
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Mitochondrial Genomic Landscape: A Portrait of the Mitochondrial Genome 40 Years after the First Complete Sequence. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070663. [PMID: 34357035 PMCID: PMC8303319 DOI: 10.3390/life11070663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Notwithstanding the initial claims of general conservation, mitochondrial genomes are a largely heterogeneous set of organellar chromosomes which displays a bewildering diversity in terms of structure, architecture, gene content, and functionality. The mitochondrial genome is typically described as a single chromosome, yet many examples of multipartite genomes have been found (for example, among sponges and diplonemeans); the mitochondrial genome is typically depicted as circular, yet many linear genomes are known (for example, among jellyfish, alveolates, and apicomplexans); the chromosome is normally said to be “small”, yet there is a huge variation between the smallest and the largest known genomes (found, for example, in ctenophores and vascular plants, respectively); even the gene content is highly unconserved, ranging from the 13 oxidative phosphorylation-related enzymatic subunits encoded by animal mitochondria to the wider set of mitochondrial genes found in jakobids. In the present paper, we compile and describe a large database of 27,873 mitochondrial genomes currently available in GenBank, encompassing the whole eukaryotic domain. We discuss the major features of mitochondrial molecular diversity, with special reference to nucleotide composition and compositional biases; moreover, the database is made publicly available for future analyses on the MoZoo Lab GitHub page.
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24
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Sarkar BK, Sharma AR, Bhattacharya M, Sharma G, Lee SS, Chakraborty C. Determination of k-mer density in a DNA sequence and subsequent cluster formation algorithm based on the application of electronic filter. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13701. [PMID: 34211040 PMCID: PMC8249421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel algorithm for information recovery from DNA sequences by using a digital filter. This work proposes a three-part algorithm to decide the k-mer or q-gram word density. Employing a finite impulse response digital filter, one can calculate the sequence's k-mer or q-gram word density. Further principal component analysis is used on word density distribution to analyze the dissimilarity between sequences. A dissimilarity matrix is thus formed and shows the appearance of cluster formation. This cluster formation is constructed based on the alignment-free sequence method. Furthermore, the clusters are used to build phylogenetic relations. The cluster algorithm is in good agreement with alignment-based algorithms. The present algorithm is simple and requires less time for computation than other currently available algorithms. We tested the algorithm using beta hemoglobin coding sequences (HBB) of 10 different species and 18 primate mitochondria genome (mtDNA) sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, Odisha, 756020, India
| | - Garima Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat-Barrackpore, Rd, Jagannathpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India.
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25
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Kell DB. A protet-based, protonic charge transfer model of energy coupling in oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation. Adv Microb Physiol 2021; 78:1-177. [PMID: 34147184 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Textbooks of biochemistry will explain that the otherwise endergonic reactions of ATP synthesis can be driven by the exergonic reactions of respiratory electron transport, and that these two half-reactions are catalyzed by protein complexes embedded in the same, closed membrane. These views are correct. The textbooks also state that, according to the chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis, a (or the) kinetically and thermodynamically competent intermediate linking the two half-reactions is the electrochemical difference of protons that is in equilibrium with that between the two bulk phases that the coupling membrane serves to separate. This gradient consists of a membrane potential term Δψ and a pH gradient term ΔpH, and is known colloquially as the protonmotive force or pmf. Artificial imposition of a pmf can drive phosphorylation, but only if the pmf exceeds some 150-170mV; to achieve in vivo rates the imposed pmf must reach 200mV. The key question then is 'does the pmf generated by electron transport exceed 200mV, or even 170mV?' The possibly surprising answer, from a great many kinds of experiment and sources of evidence, including direct measurements with microelectrodes, indicates it that it does not. Observable pH changes driven by electron transport are real, and they control various processes; however, compensating ion movements restrict the Δψ component to low values. A protet-based model, that I outline here, can account for all the necessary observations, including all of those inconsistent with chemiosmotic coupling, and provides for a variety of testable hypotheses by which it might be refined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative, Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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26
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Mauki DH, Adeola AC, Ng’ang’a SI, Tijjani A, Akanbi IM, Sanke OJ, Abdussamad AM, Olaogun SC, Ibrahim J, Dawuda PM, Mangbon GF, Gwakisa PS, Yin TT, Peng MS, Zhang YP. Genetic variation of Nigerian cattle inferred from maternal and paternal genetic markers. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10607. [PMID: 33717663 PMCID: PMC7938780 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The African cattle provide unique genetic resources shaped up by both diverse tropical environmental conditions and human activities, the assessment of their genetic diversity will shade light on the mechanism of their remarkable adaptive capacities. We therefore analyzed the genetic diversity of cattle samples from Nigeria using both maternal and paternal DNA markers. Nigerian cattle can be assigned to 80 haplotypes based on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequences and haplotype diversity was 0.985 + 0.005. The network showed two major matrilineal clustering: the dominant cluster constituting the Nigerian cattle together with other African cattle while the other clustered Eurasian cattle. Paternal analysis indicates only zebu haplogroup in Nigerian cattle with high genetic diversity 1.000 ± 0.016 compared to other cattle. There was no signal of maternal genetic structure in Nigerian cattle population, which may suggest an extensive genetic intermixing within the country. The absence of Bos indicus maternal signal in Nigerian cattle is attributable to vulnerability bottleneck of mtDNA lineages and concordance with the view of male zebu genetic introgression in African cattle. Our study shades light on the current genetic diversity in Nigerian cattle and population history in West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Mauki
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- University of Academy of Sciences, Kunming College of Life Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Adeniyi C. Adeola
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Said I. Ng’ang’a
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- University of Academy of Sciences, Kunming College of Life Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | | | - Ibikunle Mark Akanbi
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Secretariat, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Oscar J. Sanke
- Taraba State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Jalingo, Taraba, Nigeria
| | | | - Sunday C. Olaogun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Jebi Ibrahim
- College of veterinary medicine, department of theriogenology, University of agriculture, Makurdi, Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria
| | - Philip M. Dawuda
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria
| | | | - Paul S. Gwakisa
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology/ Genome Science Center, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Ting-Ting Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Min-Sheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- University of Academy of Sciences, Kunming College of Life Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- University of Academy of Sciences, Kunming College of Life Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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27
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Mannen H, Yonezawa T, Murata K, Noda A, Kawaguchi F, Sasazaki S, Olivieri A, Achilli A, Torroni A. Cattle mitogenome variation reveals a post-glacial expansion of haplogroup P and an early incorporation into northeast Asian domestic herds. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20842. [PMID: 33257722 PMCID: PMC7704668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveys of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation have shown that worldwide domestic cattle are characterized by just a few major haplogroups. Two, T and I, are common and characterize Bos taurus and Bos indicus, respectively, while the other three, P, Q and R, are rare and are found only in taurine breeds. Haplogroup P is typical of extinct European aurochs, while intriguingly modern P mtDNAs have only been found in northeast Asian cattle. These Asian P mtDNAs are extremely rare with the exception of the Japanese Shorthorn breed, where they reach a frequency of 45.9%. To shed light on the origin of this haplogroup in northeast Asian cattle, we completely sequenced 14 Japanese Shorthorn mitogenomes belonging to haplogroup P. Phylogenetic and Bayesian analyses revealed: (1) a post-glacial expansion of aurochs carrying haplogroup P from Europe to Asia; (2) that all Asian P mtDNAs belong to a single sub-haplogroup (P1a), so far never detected in either European or Asian aurochs remains, which was incorporated into domestic cattle of continental northeastern Asia possibly ~ 3700 years ago; and (3) that haplogroup P1a mtDNAs found in the Japanese Shorthorn breed probably reached Japan about 650 years ago from Mongolia/Russia, in agreement with historical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Mannen
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Yonezawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Kako Murata
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Aoi Noda
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Fuki Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinji Sasazaki
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Anna Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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28
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Moreno-Sierra AM, Cerón-Muñoz MF, Soto-Calderón ID. Population genetic structure of two herds of Aberdeen Angus cattle breed in Colombia. REV COLOMB CIENC PEC 2020. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v34n4a05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Two biotypes of Aberdeen Angus cattle breed, known as Old Type and New Type, that differ in their origin and beef production are formally recognized. In Colombia, this breed has been commercialized for approximately 80 years. Studies on the origin, kinship and levels of genetic diversity of this breed in Colombian herds are scarce, yet important for planning crossing and management strategies. Objective: To measure the genetic diversity and structure of two Colombian herds of Old Type and New Type biotypes of Aberdeen Angus from Huila and Cundinamarca provinces and assess mitochondrial introgression with other breeds. Methods: A set of ten microsatellites and sequences of the Mitochondrial Control Region were characterized. Estimators of genetic diversity and population differentiation along with tests of population assignment were applied. Results: Nuclear loci were highly polymorphic as shown by the Polymorphic Information Content (0.599) and the Probability of Identity (1.896 10-08). Both populations were highly diverse and clearly differentiated into two groups corresponding to the Old Type and New Type phenotypes. In contrast, mitochondrial data failed to distinguish these two groups and showed extensive admixture. Conclusions: This study optimized a set of ten highly polymorphic nuclear markers that may be used for parentage and population genetic studies of Aberdeen Angus. Genetic differentiation in these loci agreed with phenotypic differences of the Old and New Types. However, mitochondrial data indicated ancestry of multiple European breeds in the origin of Colombian Aberdeen Angus.
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29
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Xu Y, Li X, Huang J, Peng L, Luo D, Zhang Q, Dan Z, Xiao H, Yang F, Hu J. A simplified method to isolate rice mitochondria. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:149. [PMID: 33292390 PMCID: PMC7640673 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria play critical roles in plant growth, development and stress tolerance. Numerous researchers have carried out studies on the plant mitochondrial genome structure, mitochondrial metabolism and nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions. However, classical plant mitochondria extraction methods are time-consuming and consist of a complicated ultracentrifugation procedure with expensive reagents. To develop a more rapid and convenient method for the isolation of plant mitochondria, in this study, we established a simplified method to isolate rice mitochondria efficiently for subsequent studies. RESULTS To isolate rice mitochondria, the cell wall was first disrupted by enzymolysis to obtain the protoplast, which is similar to animal mitochondria. Rice mitochondria were then isolated with a modified method based on the animal mitochondria isolation protocol. The extracted mitochondria were next assessed according to DNA and protein levels to rule out contamination by the nucleus and chloroplasts. Furthermore, we examined the physiological status and characteristics of the isolated mitochondria, including the integrity of mitochondria, the mitochondrial membrane potential, and the activity of inner membrane complexes. Our results demonstrated that the extracted mitochondria remained intact for use in subsequent studies. CONCLUSION The combination of plant protoplast isolation and animal mitochondria extraction methods facilitates the extraction of plant mitochondria without ultracentrifugation. Consequently, this improved method is cheap and time-saving with good operability and can be broadly applied in studies on plant mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Jishuai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Leilei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Dinghui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Qiannan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Zhiwu Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Haijun Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan China
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
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30
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Dorji J, Vander Jagt CJ, Garner JB, Marett LC, Mason BA, Reich CM, Xiang R, Clark EL, Cocks BG, Chamberlain AJ, MacLeod IM, Daetwyler HD. Expression of mitochondrial protein genes encoded by nuclear and mitochondrial genomes correlate with energy metabolism in dairy cattle. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:720. [PMID: 33076826 PMCID: PMC7574280 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the mitochondrial genome have been implicated in mitochondrial disease, often characterized by impaired cellular energy metabolism. Cellular energy metabolism in mitochondria involves mitochondrial proteins (MP) from both the nuclear (NuMP) and mitochondrial (MtMP) genomes. The expression of MP genes in tissues may be tissue specific to meet varying specific energy demands across the tissues. Currently, the characteristics of MP gene expression in tissues of dairy cattle are not well understood. In this study, we profile the expression of MP genes in 29 adult and six foetal tissues in dairy cattle using RNA sequencing and gene expression analyses: particularly differential gene expression and co-expression network analyses. Results MP genes were differentially expressed (DE; over-expressed or under-expressed) across tissues in cattle. All 29 tissues showed DE NuMP genes in varying proportions of over-expression and under-expression. On the other hand, DE of MtMP genes was observed in < 50% of tissues and notably MtMP genes within a tissue was either all over-expressed or all under-expressed. A high proportion of NuMP (up to 60%) and MtMP (up to 100%) genes were over-expressed in tissues with expected high metabolic demand; heart, skeletal muscles and tongue, and under-expressed (up to 45% of NuMP, 77% of MtMP genes) in tissues with expected low metabolic rates; leukocytes, thymus, and lymph nodes. These tissues also invariably had the expression of all MtMP genes in the direction of dominant NuMP genes expression. The NuMP and MtMP genes were highly co-expressed across tissues and co-expression of genes in a cluster were non-random and functionally enriched for energy generation pathway. The differential gene expression and co-expression patterns were validated in independent cow and sheep datasets. Conclusions The results of this study support the concept that there are biological interaction of MP genes from the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes given their over-expression in tissues with high energy demand and co-expression in tissues. This highlights the importance of considering MP genes from both genomes in future studies related to mitochondrial functions and traits related to energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigme Dorji
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia. .,Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| | - Christy J Vander Jagt
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Josie B Garner
- Agriculture Victoria, Ellinbank Dairy Centre, Ellinbank, VIC, 3822, Australia
| | - Leah C Marett
- Agriculture Victoria, Ellinbank Dairy Centre, Ellinbank, VIC, 3822, Australia
| | - Brett A Mason
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Coralie M Reich
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Ruidong Xiang
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.,Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Emily L Clark
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Benjamin G Cocks
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.,Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Amanda J Chamberlain
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Iona M MacLeod
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Hans D Daetwyler
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.,Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
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31
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The first complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the endangered mountain anoa (Bubalus quarlesi) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) and phylogenetic analysis. JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC BIODIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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32
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Kundu S, Kumar V, Tyagi K, Chandra K. The complete mitochondrial genome of the endangered Assam Roofed Turtle, Pangshura sylhetensis (Testudines: Geoemydidae): Genomic features and phylogeny. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225233. [PMID: 32324729 PMCID: PMC7179895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Assam Roofed Turtle, Pangshura sylhetensis is an endangered and least studied species endemic to India and Bangladesh. The present study decodes the first complete mitochondrial genome of P. sylhetensis (16,568 bp) by using next-generation sequencing. The assembly encodes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and one control region (CR). Most of the genes were encoded on the majority strand, except NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (nad6) and eight tRNAs. All PCGs start with an ATG initiation codon, except for Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5), which both start with GTG codon. The study also found the typical cloverleaf secondary structures in most of the predicted tRNA structures, except for serine (trnS1) which lacks of conventional DHU arm and loop. Both Bayesian and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic inference using 13 concatenated PCGs demonstrated strong support for the monophyly of all 52 Testudines species within their respective families and revealed Batagur trivittata as the nearest neighbor of P. sylhetensis. The mitogenomic phylogeny with other amniotes is congruent with previous research, supporting the sister relationship of Testudines and Archosaurians (birds and crocodilians). Additionally, the mitochondrial Gene Order (GO) analysis indicated plesiomorphy with the typical vertebrate GO in most of the Testudines species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Kundu
- Molecular Systematics Division, Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Molecular Systematics Division, Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India
| | - Kaomud Tyagi
- Molecular Systematics Division, Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India
| | - Kailash Chandra
- Molecular Systematics Division, Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India
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33
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De Lorenzi L, Parma P. Identification of Some Errors in the Genome Assembly of Bovidae by FISH. Cytogenet Genome Res 2020; 160:85-93. [PMID: 32235117 DOI: 10.1159/000506221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
From an economic point of view, Bovidae represent the most important family of the Ruminantia suborder. Thus, the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes of Bos taurus were among the first genomes to be sequenced after the sequencing of the human genomes. Over the millennia, the evolution of the genomes of the 3 main species belonging to the Bovidae family - B. taurus (BTA), Ovis aries (OAR), and Capra hircus (CHI) - has led to few chromosome rearrangements. Certainly, the availability and free access to the animal genomes significantly contributed to the improvement of animal genetics; however, some errors may exist due to the high automation in the genomic assembly construction process. In this work, some differences between the genomes of cattle, goat, and sheep highlighted by bioinformatics analysis have been verified by FISH, confirming that some errors persist even in the most recent genome assemblies. This type of approach has allowed us to detect a misassembly of a region belonging to BTA16 and to the homologues OAR12 and CHI16, a misassembly of a short tract in BTA22, OAR19, and CHI22, an incorrect mapping of a region of BTA21 and of CHI27 and OAR26, a discrepancy in the BTA26, OAR22, and CHI26 assemblies, a missed inversion in CHI1 compared to BTA1 and OAR1, and the exact assembly of a region of about 7 Mb in OAR10 and CHI12. Incorrect positioning of genomic tracts can cause unintended consequences in genetic analyses, especially when the data represent a starting point for the construction of genetic tools. In the new genomic assemblies published after the conclusion of our experiments, however, the accuracy in the construction of animal assemblies has been much improved, even if the new assemblies present more extended unmapped portions than the previous versions. The gap could be filled by comparative analyses between similar species or FISH.
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Verdugo MP, Mullin VE, Scheu A, Mattiangeli V, Daly KG, Maisano Delser P, Hare AJ, Burger J, Collins MJ, Kehati R, Hesse P, Fulton D, Sauer EW, Mohaseb FA, Davoudi H, Khazaeli R, Lhuillier J, Rapin C, Ebrahimi S, Khasanov M, Vahidi SMF, MacHugh DE, Ertuğrul O, Koukouli-Chrysanthaki C, Sampson A, Kazantzis G, Kontopoulos I, Bulatovic J, Stojanović I, Mikdad A, Benecke N, Linstädter J, Sablin M, Bendrey R, Gourichon L, Arbuckle BS, Mashkour M, Orton D, Horwitz LK, Teasdale MD, Bradley DG. Ancient cattle genomics, origins, and rapid turnover in the Fertile Crescent. SCIENCE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 365:173-176. [PMID: 31296769 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide analysis of 67 ancient Near Eastern cattle, Bos taurus, remains reveals regional variation that has since been obscured by admixture in modern populations. Comparisons of genomes of early domestic cattle to their aurochs progenitors identify diverse origins with separate introgressions of wild stock. A later region-wide Bronze Age shift indicates rapid and widespread introgression of zebu, Bos indicus, from the Indus Valley. This process was likely stimulated at the onset of the current geological age, ~4.2 thousand years ago, by a widespread multicentury drought. In contrast to genome-wide admixture, mitochondrial DNA stasis supports that this introgression was male-driven, suggesting that selection of arid-adapted zebu bulls enhanced herd survival. This human-mediated migration of zebu-derived genetics has continued through millennia, altering tropical herding on each continent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria E Mullin
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.,Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Amelie Scheu
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.,Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iOME), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Valeria Mattiangeli
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Kevin G Daly
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Pierpaolo Maisano Delser
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Andrew J Hare
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Joachim Burger
- Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iOME), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthew J Collins
- BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.,Museum of Natural History, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ron Kehati
- 448 Shvil Hachalav Street, Nir Banim 7952500, Israel
| | - Paula Hesse
- Jewish Studies Program, Department of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Deirdre Fulton
- Department of Religion, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Eberhard W Sauer
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Fatemeh A Mohaseb
- Archéozoologie et Archéobotanique (UMR 7209), CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Bioarchaeology Laboratory, Central Laboratory, University of Tehran, 1417634934 Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Davoudi
- Bioarchaeology Laboratory, Central Laboratory, University of Tehran, 1417634934 Tehran, Iran.,Osteology Department, National Museum of Iran, 1136918111 Tehran, Iran.,Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, 111-14115 Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Khazaeli
- Bioarchaeology Laboratory, Central Laboratory, University of Tehran, 1417634934 Tehran, Iran
| | - Johanna Lhuillier
- Archéorient Université Lyon 2, CNRS UMR 5133, Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, 69365 Lyon, France
| | - Claude Rapin
- Archéologie d'Orient et d'Occident (AOROC, UMR 8546, CNRS ENS), Centre d'archéologie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Saeed Ebrahimi
- Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, 1711734353 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mutalib Khasanov
- Uzbekistan Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 703051 Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - S M Farhad Vahidi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran-North branch (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, 4188958883 Rasht, Iran
| | - David E MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Okan Ertuğrul
- Veterinary Faculty, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Chaido Koukouli-Chrysanthaki
- Hellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports, Department of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities, and Museums, Serres 62 122, Greece
| | - Adamantios Sampson
- Department of Mediterranean Studies, University of the Aegean, 85132 Rhodes, Greece
| | - George Kazantzis
- Archaeological Museum of Aeani, 500 04, Kozani, Western Macedonia, Greece
| | | | - Jelena Bulatovic
- Laboratory for Bioarchaeology, Department of Archaeology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Abdesalam Mikdad
- Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine de Maroc (INSAP) Hay Riad, Madinat al Ifrane, Rabat Instituts, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Norbert Benecke
- Department of Natural Sciences, German Archaeological Institute, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Linstädter
- Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Kommission für Archäologie Außereuropäischer Kulturen (KAAK), 53173 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mikhail Sablin
- Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Robin Bendrey
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.,Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Lionel Gourichon
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CEPAM (UMR 7264), 06357 Nice, France
| | - Benjamin S Arbuckle
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marjan Mashkour
- Archéozoologie et Archéobotanique (UMR 7209), CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Bioarchaeology Laboratory, Central Laboratory, University of Tehran, 1417634934 Tehran, Iran.,Osteology Department, National Museum of Iran, 1136918111 Tehran, Iran
| | - David Orton
- BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Liora Kolska Horwitz
- National Natural History Collections, Faculty of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Matthew D Teasdale
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.,BioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Daniel G Bradley
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.
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35
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Dujon B. Mitochondrial genetics revisited. Yeast 2020; 37:191-205. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.3445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Dujon
- Department Genomes and GeneticsInstitut Pasteur Paris France
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Kundu S, Kumar V, Tyagi K, Chakraborty R, Chandra K. The first complete mitochondrial genome of the Indian Tent Turtle, Pangshura tentoria (Testudines: Geoemydidae): Characterization and comparative analysis. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10854-10868. [PMID: 31624586 PMCID: PMC6787814 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of a complete mitogenome is widely used in genomics studies for systematics and evolutionary research. However, the sequences and structural motifs contained within the mitogenome of Testudines taxa have rarely been examined. The present study decodes the first complete mitochondrial genome of the Indian Tent Turtle, Pangshura tentoria (16,657 bp) by using next-generation sequencing. This denovo assembly encodes 37 genes: 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA, and one control region (CR). Most of the genes were encoded on majority strand, except for one PCG (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6) and eight tRNAs. Most of the PCGs were started with an ATG initiation codon, except for Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 with "GTG" and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 with "ATA." The termination codons, "TAA" and "AGA" were observed in two subunits of NADH dehydrogenase gene. The relative synonymous codon usage analysis revealed the maximum abundance of alanine, isoleucine, leucine, and threonine. The nonsynonymous/synonymous ratios were <1 in all PCGs, which indicates strong negative selection among all Geoemydid species. The study also found the typical cloverleaf secondary structure in most of the tRNA genes, except for serine with the lack of the conventional DHU arm. The comparative study of Geoemydid mitogenomes revealed the occurrence of tandem repeats was frequent in the 3' end of CR. Further, two copies of a unique tandem repeat "TTCTCTTT" were identified in P. tentoria. The Bayesian and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees using concatenation of 13 PCGs revealed the close relationships of P. tentoria with Batagur trivittata in the studied dataset. All the Geoemydid species showed distinct clustering with high bootstrap support congruent with previous evolutionary hypotheses. We suggest that the generations of more mitogenomes of Geoemydid species are required, to improve our understanding of their in-depth phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Kundu
- Centre for DNA TaxonomyMolecular Systematics DivisionZoological Survey of IndiaKolkataIndia
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Centre for DNA TaxonomyMolecular Systematics DivisionZoological Survey of IndiaKolkataIndia
| | - Kaomud Tyagi
- Centre for DNA TaxonomyMolecular Systematics DivisionZoological Survey of IndiaKolkataIndia
| | - Rajasree Chakraborty
- Centre for DNA TaxonomyMolecular Systematics DivisionZoological Survey of IndiaKolkataIndia
| | - Kailash Chandra
- Centre for DNA TaxonomyMolecular Systematics DivisionZoological Survey of IndiaKolkataIndia
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37
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Govindan A, Ayyub SA, Varshney U. Sustenance of Escherichia coli on a single tRNAMet. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:11566-11574. [PMID: 30256973 PMCID: PMC6265465 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms possess two types of tRNAs for methionine. Initiator tRNAs bind directly into the ribosomal P-site to initiate protein synthesis, and the elongators bind to the A-site during the elongation step. Eubacterial initiators (tRNAfMet) are unique in that the methionine attached to them is formylated to facilitate their binding to initiation factor 2 (IF2), and to preclude them from binding to elongation factor Tu (EFTu). However, in mammalian mitochondria, protein synthesis proceeds with a single dual function tRNAMet. Escherichia coli possesses four tRNAfMet (initiator) and two tRNAMet (elongator) genes. Free-living organisms possessing the mitochondrion like system of single tRNAMet are unknown. We characterized mutants of E. coli tRNAfMet that function both as initiators and elongators. We show that some of the tRNAfMet mutants sustain E. coli lacking all four tRNAfMet and both tRNAMet genes, providing a basis for natural occurrence of mitochondria like situation in free living organisms. The tRNA mutants show in vivo binding to both IF2 and EFTu, indicating how they carry out these otherwise mutually exclusive functions by precise regulation of their in vivo formylation. Our results provide insights into how distinct initiator and elongator methionine tRNAs might have evolved from a single ‘dual function’ tRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Govindan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Shreya Ahana Ayyub
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Umesh Varshney
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.,Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
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38
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Yan L, She Y, Elzo MA, Zhang C, Fang X, Chen H. Exploring genetic diversity and phylogenic relationships of Chinese cattle using gene mtDNA 16S rRNA. Arch Anim Breed 2019; 62:325-333. [PMID: 31807643 PMCID: PMC6852867 DOI: 10.5194/aab-62-325-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to characterize the genetic diversity and phylogenetic diversity among 12 cattle breeds (10 Chinese breeds and two foreign taurine breeds as controls) utilizing gene mtDNA 16S rRNA. The complete sequences of the mtDNA 16S rRNA genes of the 251 animals were 1570 bp long. The mean percentages of the four nitrogen bases were 37.8 % for adenine (A), 23.7 % for thymine (T), 20.9 % for cytosine (C), and 17.6 % for guanine (G). The mtDNA 16S rRNA gene base percentages had a strong bias towards A + T. All detected nucleotide variations in gene mtDNA 16S rRNA were either transitions (62.3 %) or transversions (37.7 %); no indels (insertions and deletions) were found. A total of 40 haplotypes were constructed based on these mutations. A total of 36 haplotypes of these 40 haplotypes were present in 10 Chinese cattle breeds. The haplotype diversity of all Chinese cattle populations was 0.903 ± 0.077 , while the nucleotide diversity was 0.0071 ± 0.0039 . Kimura's two-parameter genetic distances between pairs of the studied 12 breeds ranged from 0.001 to 0.010. The phylogenetic analysis assigned the 10 Chinese breeds to two distinct lineages that likely differed in their percentage of Bos taurus and Bos indicus ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Yan
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China.,School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nantong College of Science and Technology, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, China
| | - Yifan She
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Mauricio A Elzo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0910, USA
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Xingtang Fang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
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39
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Siripan S, Wonnapinij P, Auetrakulvit P, Wangthongchaicharoen N, Surat W. Origin of prehistoric cattle excavated from four archaeological sites in central and northeastern Thailand. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2019; 30:609-617. [PMID: 30957607 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2019.1597072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cattle have been domesticated in Southeast Asia, including Thailand, for thousands of years, but the history of cattle domestication in the region remains unclear. To date, only genetic studies of modern Thai cattle DNA have been reported. To gain some insight into cattle domestication in the country, a total of 56 cattle remains excavated from four archaeological sites (dated to between 3550 and 1700 years before present (YBP)) in northeastern and central Thailand were analysed in this study. Of 56, the 157-bp D-loop fragment was successfully generated from 26 samples, all of which belonged to Bos taurus in haplogroup T/T3. One haplotype contained 19 members from all four archaeological sites and clustered with the ancient B. taurus from Iran, Turkey and China. Other haplotypes have not shared haplotype with B. taurus from other countries but they showed close relationship to those from China. This represents the first genetic evidence that B. taurus was domesticated in Thailand between 3550 and 1700 YBP. In addition, the close relationship among ancient Thai, Iranian and Chinese taurines suggests that cattle from the Near East were introduced into North China, and were subsequently brought into Thailand thousands of years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirianong Siripan
- a Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Evolutionary Genetics and Computational Biology Research Unit , Kasetsart University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Passorn Wonnapinij
- a Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Evolutionary Genetics and Computational Biology Research Unit , Kasetsart University , Bangkok , Thailand.,b Centre for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources , National Research University-Kasetsart University, Kasetsart University (CASTNAR, NRU-KU) , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Prasit Auetrakulvit
- c Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Archaeology , Silpakorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | | | - Wunrada Surat
- a Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Evolutionary Genetics and Computational Biology Research Unit , Kasetsart University , Bangkok , Thailand.,b Centre for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources , National Research University-Kasetsart University, Kasetsart University (CASTNAR, NRU-KU) , Bangkok , Thailand
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40
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Luo H, Huang A, Li B, Ni Q, Yao Y, Xu H, Zeng B, Li Y, Wei Z, Zhang M. Complete mitochondrial genome of the webbed-toed gecko Gekko subpalmatus (Squamata: Gekkonidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1610094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongdi Luo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - An Huang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingyong Ni
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongfang Yao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Huailiang Xu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhimin Wei
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mingwang Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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41
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Srirattana K, St John JC. Transmission of Dysfunctional Mitochondrial DNA and Its Implications for Mammalian Reproduction. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2019; 231:75-103. [PMID: 30617719 DOI: 10.1007/102_2018_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes proteins for the electron transport chain which produces the vast majority of cellular energy. MtDNA has its own replication and transcription machinery that relies on nuclear-encoded transcription and replication factors. MtDNA is inherited in a non-Mendelian fashion as maternal-only mtDNA is passed onto the next generation. Mutation to mtDNA can cause mitochondrial dysfunction, which affects energy production and tissue and organ function. In somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), there is an issue with the mixing of two populations of mtDNA, namely from the donor cell and recipient oocyte. This review focuses on the transmission of mtDNA in SCNT embryos and offspring. The transmission of donor cell mtDNA can be prevented by depleting the donor cell of its mtDNA using mtDNA depletion agents prior to SCNT. As a result, SCNT embryos harbour oocyte-only mtDNA. Moreover, culturing SCNT embryos derived from mtDNA depleted cells in media supplemented with a nuclear reprograming agent can increase the levels of expression of genes related to embryo development when compared with non-depleted cell-derived embryos. Furthermore, we have reviewed how mitochondrial supplementation in oocytes can have beneficial effects for SCNT embryos by increasing mtDNA copy number and the levels of expression of genes involved in energy production and decreasing the levels of expression of genes involved in embryonic cell death. Notably, there are beneficial effects of mtDNA supplementation over the use of nuclear reprograming agents in terms of regulating gene expression in embryos. Taken together, manipulating mtDNA in donor cells and/or oocytes prior to SCNT could enhance embryo production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Srirattana
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Justin C St John
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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42
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Cai Y, Jiao T, Lei Z, Liu L, Zhao S. Maternal genetic and phylogenetic characteristics of domesticated cattle in northwestern China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209645. [PMID: 30589861 PMCID: PMC6307701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Northwestern China, an important part of the Silk Road, was the birthplace of the Zhouzu farming culture. The domestication of cattle as an important aspect of farming culture has had a long history in northwestern China. In this study, we assessed the maternal structure and phylogeny of cattle by analyzing the mitochondrial DNA hypervariable segment I (HVS-I) in 698 native cattle from eight areas of northwestern China. The phylogenetic analyses revealed two highly divergent mtDNA clades: clade T, which had four sub-clades (Ta—Td), and clade I. The cattle domesticated from Bos taurus showed a clear dominant distribution pattern in northwestern China. The nucleotide diversity of the Bos indicus clade was lower than that of clades from Bos taurus. In summary, our results suggest that the native cattle of northwestern China were domesticated from two different maternal ancestors, Bos taurus and Bos indicus, which migrated to the central plains of China from the north and south, respectively, with Bos taurus remaining at the edges of the region. The population expansion of the cattle domesticated from Bos taurus occurred in the Longdong region of Gansu Province, and these cattle formed four relatively independent evolutionary branches. Subsequent to this expansion event, Bos indicus migrated from southern to northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cai
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Ting Jiao
- College of Grassland, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Zhaomin Lei
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
- * E-mail:
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43
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Shukla M, Joshi BD, Kumar VP, Thakur M, Mehta AK, Sathyakumar S, Goyal SP. Species dilemma of musk deer ( Moschus spp) in India: molecular data on cytochrome c oxidase I suggests distinct genetic lineage in Uttarakhand compared to other Moschus species. Anim Biotechnol 2018; 30:193-201. [PMID: 30522381 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2018.1521822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Musk deer are of high conservation priority owing to poaching pressure because of its musk pod. Representation of musk deer status using genetics is poorly documented in India, and it is not confirmed as to how many species of musk deer are present. We characterize for the first time, the genetic diversity of musk deer from Uttarakhand using Cytochrome Oxidase sub-unit (COI) gene (486 bp) and compared with the data available for other species. Results revealed the presence of six haplotypes in the Uttarakhand population amongst 17 sequences. Of these, 12 sequences shared the single haplotype. The intra-species sequences divergence was 0.003-0.017, whereas divergence with other species of musk deer was 0.071-0.081. Bayesian phylogenetic tree revealed that samples from Uttarakhand formed a separate clade with respect to other species of musk deer, whereas three species distributed in China clustered in the same clade and showed low sequences divergence, i.e., 0.002-0.061. Because of different ecomorph reported, we suggest using the barcoding based approach for inter and intra-species distinction and delineating species boundaries across the range for effective conservation. Besides, systematic classification, DNA barcoding would also help in dealing wildlife offence cases for disposal of the legal report in court.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malay Shukla
- a Institute of Forensic Science , Gujarat Forensic Sciences University , Gandhinagar, Gujarat , India.,b Wildlife Institute of India , Dehradun , India
| | | | | | - Mukesh Thakur
- b Wildlife Institute of India , Dehradun , India.,c Zoological Survey of India , Kolkata , India
| | - Anil Kumar Mehta
- a Institute of Forensic Science , Gujarat Forensic Sciences University , Gandhinagar, Gujarat , India
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Kundu S, Kumar V, Tyagi K, Chakraborty R, Singha D, Rahaman I, Pakrashi A, Chandra K. Complete mitochondrial genome of Black Soft-shell Turtle (Nilssonia nigricans) and comparative analysis with other Trionychidae. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17378. [PMID: 30478342 PMCID: PMC6255766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of mitochondrial genome has been evidenced as an efficient field of study for phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis in vertebrates including turtles. The aim of this study was to distinguish the structure and variability of the Trionychidae species mitogenomes through comparative analysis. The complete mitogenome (16796 bp) of an endangered freshwater turtle, Nilssonia nigricans was sequenced and annotated. The mitogenome encoded for 37 genes and a major non-coding control region (CR). The mitogenome was A + T biased (62.16%) and included six overlapping and 19 intergenic spacer regions. The Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) value was consistent among all the Trionychidae species; with the exception of significant reduction of Serine (TCG) frequency in N. nigricans, N. formosa, and R. swinhoei. In N. nigricans, most of the transfer RNAs (tRNAs) were folded into classic clover-leaf secondary structures with Watson-Crick base pairing except for trnS1 (GCT). The comparative analysis revealed that most of the tRNAs were structurally different, except for trnE (TTC), trnQ (TTG), and trnM (CAT). The structural features of tRNAs resulted ≥ 10 mismatched or wobble base pairings in 12 tRNAs, which reflects the nucleotide composition in both H- and L-strands. The mitogenome of N. nigricans also revealed two unique tandem repeats (ATTAT)8, and (TATTA)20 in the CR. Further, the conserved motif 5'-GACATA-3' and stable stem-loop structure was detected in the CRs of all Trionychidae species, which play an significant role in regulating transcription and replication in the mitochondrial genome. Further, the comparative analysis of Ka/Ks indicated negative selection in most of the protein coding genes (PCGs). The constructed Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogeny using all PCGs showed clustering of N. nigricans with N. formosa. The resulting phylogeny illustrated the similar topology as described previously and consistent with the taxonomic classification. However, more sampling from different taxonomic groups of Testudines and studies on their mitogenomics are desirable for better understanding of the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Kundu
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, 700 053, West Bengal, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, 700 053, West Bengal, India.
| | - Kaomud Tyagi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, 700 053, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajasree Chakraborty
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, 700 053, West Bengal, India
| | - Devkant Singha
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, 700 053, West Bengal, India
| | - Iftikar Rahaman
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, 700 053, West Bengal, India
| | - Avas Pakrashi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, 700 053, West Bengal, India
| | - Kailash Chandra
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, 700 053, West Bengal, India
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45
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Kinoshita A, Kenéz Á, Hasselmann M, Dänicke S, Huber K. Inter-individual variation in adaptive capacity at onset of lactation: Linking metabolic phenotype with mitochondrial DNA haplotype in Holstein dairy cows. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15439. [PMID: 30337593 PMCID: PMC6193931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern-day dairy cows express great variation in metabolic capacity to adapt to the onset of lactation. Although breeding programs increased the breeding value for longevity and robustness in the sires, a respective phenotype in female offspring has not been improving as predicted. Fundamental energy generating pathways such as mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation might have a crucial role for robustness and metabolic efficiency in dairy cows. Therefore, mitochondrial enzyme expression was examined in liver samples of one set of animals before and after calving. Furthermore, the mitochondrial DNA sequence was determined for each individual of a second set of animals using liver samples. Results from the first trial indicate that the expression and extent of phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is the major key step for modulating fatty acid flux into the mitochondria at early onset of lactation in Holstein dairy cows. In the second trial, mitochondrial DNA sequencing and identification of mutation patterns yielded three major haplotypes. Haplotype H2 was closely associated with liver fat content, plasma glycerol and acyl-carnitine concentrations. The mitochondrial DNA haplotype, which is a feature of the maternal lines, might be related to the inter-individual variation in metabolic capacity of Holstein dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Kinoshita
- Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70599, Germany
| | - Ákos Kenéz
- Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70599, Germany.,College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Martin Hasselmann
- Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70599, Germany
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Braunschweig, 38116, Germany
| | - Korinna Huber
- Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70599, Germany.
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46
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Le TNA, Vu HV, Okuda Y, Duong HT, Nguyen TB, Nguyen VH, Le PD, Kunieda T. Genetic characterization of Vietnamese Yellow cattle using mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomal haplotypes and genes associated with economical traits. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1641-1647. [PMID: 30264425 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vietnamese Yellow cattle are native cattle well adapted to local tropical environment. The aim of this study was to investigate genetic characteristics of the Yellow cattle using molecular markers. We investigated the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA and SRY gene on Y chromosome, and genotyped SREBP-1, SCD1, EDG1, NCAPG, DGAT1, MC1R, and HSP70 genes in the Yellow cattle population. The sequence analysis of the mitochondrial DNA showed that most of the cattle possesses zebu (Bos indicus) type I1 haplotype, suggesting relatively low genetic diversity in maternal lineage. The sequence analysis of the SRY gene indicates that while most of the males possess zebu type haplotype, taurine (Bos taurus) type haplotype was also observed, suggesting gene-flow from taurine cattle. The results of the genotyping of the functional genes showed that the NCAPG, SCD, MC1R, and HsSP70 genes are polymorphic in the population, whereas the SREBP-1, EDG1, and DGAT1 genes are monomorphic. Particularly, the presence of the desirable and undesirable alleles of the NCAPG and HSP70 genes, respectively, will be important for the selection of animals by potential performances in meat productivity and fertility. The present findings will be informative for future conservation and breeding of the Vietnamese Yellow cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu N A Le
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Hai V Vu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Yu Okuda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Huong T Duong
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Trung B Nguyen
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, An Giang University, Long Xuyen, Vietnam
| | - Van H Nguyen
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Phung D Le
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Tetsuo Kunieda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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47
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Cell free mitochondrial DNA in serum and milk associated with bovine mastitis: a pilot study. Vet Res Commun 2018; 42:275-282. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-018-9735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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48
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The mitochondrial DNA genetic bottleneck: inheritance and beyond. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:225-234. [PMID: 29880721 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
mtDNA is a multicopy genome. When mutations exist, they can affect a varying proportion of the mtDNA present within every cell (heteroplasmy). Heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations can be maternally inherited, but the proportion of mutated alleles differs markedly between offspring within one generation. This led to the genetic bottleneck hypothesis, explaining the rapid changes in allele frequency seen during transmission from one generation to the next. Although a physical reduction in mtDNA has been demonstrated in several species, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms is yet to be revealed. Several questions remain, including the role of selection for and against specific alleles, whether all bottlenecks are the same, and precisely how the bottleneck is controlled during development. Although originally thought to be limited to the germline, there is evidence that bottlenecks exist in other cell types during development, perhaps explaining why different tissues in the same organism contain different levels of mutated mtDNA. Moreover, tissue-specific bottlenecks may occur throughout life in response to environmental influences, adding further complexity to the situation. Here we review key recent findings, and suggest ways forward that will hopefully advance our understanding of the role of mtDNA in human disease.
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Lv Y, Li Y, Ruan Z, Bian C, You X, Yang J, Jiang W, Shi Q. The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Glyptothorax macromaculatus Provides a Well-Resolved Molecular Phylogeny of the Chinese Sisorid Catfishes. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E282. [PMID: 29867051 PMCID: PMC6027347 DOI: 10.3390/genes9060282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous phylogenetic analyses of the Chinese sisorid catfishes have either been poorly resolved or have not included all the 12 sisorid genera. Here, we successfully assembled the first complete mitochondrial genome of the sisorid fish Glyptothorax macromaculatus. Based on this novel mitochondrial genome and previously published mitochondrial genomes in the Sisoridae, we generated maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies. We dated our preferred topology using fossil calibration points. We also tested the protein-coding genes in the mitochondrial genomes of the glyptosternoid fishes for signals of natural selection by comparing the nucleotide substitution rate along the branch ancestral to the glyptosternoid fishes to other branches in our topology. The mitochondrial sequence structure of G. macromaculatus was similar to those known from other vertebrates, with some slight differences. Our sisorid phylogenies were well-resolved and well-supported, with exact congruence between the different phylogenetic methods. This robust phylogeny clarified the relationships among the Chinese sisorid genera and strongly supported the division of the family into three main clades. Interestingly, the glyptosternoid divergence time predicted by our molecular dating analysis coincided with the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, suggesting that geology may have influenced speciation in the Sisoridae. Among the mitochondrial protein-coding genes, atp8 may have most rapidly evolved, and atp6 may have been subjected to positive selection pressure to adapt to high elevations. In summary, this study provided novel insights into the phylogeny, evolution and high-altitude adaptions of the Chinese sisorid fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Lv
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Yanping Li
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Ruan
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Chao Bian
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Xinxin You
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Junxing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Wansheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Qiong Shi
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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50
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Srirattana K, St John JC. Additional mitochondrial DNA influences the interactions between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes in a bovine embryo model of nuclear transfer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7246. [PMID: 29740154 PMCID: PMC5940817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We generated cattle embryos using mitochondrial supplementation and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), named miNT, to determine how additional mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) modulates the nuclear genome. To eliminate any confounding effects from somatic cell mtDNA in intraspecies SCNT, donor cell mtDNA was depleted prior to embryo production. Additional oocyte mtDNA did not affect embryo development rates but increased mtDNA copy number in blastocyst stage embryos. Moreover, miNT-derived blastocysts had different gene expression profiles when compared with SCNT-derived blastocysts. Additional mtDNA increased expression levels of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, cell cycle and DNA repair. Supplementing the embryo culture media with a histone deacetylase inhibitor, Trichostatin A (TSA), had no beneficial effects on the development of miNT-derived embryos, unlike SCNT-derived embryos. When compared with SCNT-derived blastocysts cultured in the presence of TSA, additional mtDNA alone had beneficial effects as the activity of glycolysis may increase and embryonic cell death may decrease. However, these beneficial effects were not found with additional mtDNA and TSA together, suggesting that additional mtDNA alone enhances reprogramming. In conclusion, additional mtDNA increased mtDNA copy number and expression levels of genes involved in energy production and embryo development in blastocyst stage embryos emphasising the importance of nuclear-mitochondrial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Srirattana
- Centre for Genetic Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Justin C St John
- Centre for Genetic Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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