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Park SM, Yoon DK. Evaporation-induced self-assembly of liquid crystal biopolymers. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1843-1866. [PMID: 38375871 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01585h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) is a process that has gained significant attention in recent years due to its fundamental science and potential applications in materials science and nanotechnology. This technique involves controlled drying of a solution or dispersion of materials, forming structures with specific shapes and sizes. In particular, liquid crystal (LC) biopolymers have emerged as promising candidates for EISA due to their highly ordered structures and biocompatible properties after deposition. This review provides an overview of recent progress in the EISA of LC biopolymers, including DNA, nanocellulose, viruses, and other biopolymers. The underlying self-assembly mechanisms, the effects of different processing conditions, and the potential applications of the resulting structures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Mo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Robin M, Djediat C, Bardouil A, Baccile N, Chareyron C, Zizak I, Fratzl P, Selmane M, Haye B, Genois I, Krafft J, Costentin G, Azaïs T, Artzner F, Giraud‐Guille M, Zaslansky P, Nassif N. Acidic Osteoid Templates the Plywood Structure of Bone Tissue. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304454. [PMID: 38115757 PMCID: PMC10916609 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Bone is created by osteoblasts that secrete osteoid after which an ordered texture emerges, followed by mineralization. Plywood geometries are a hallmark of many trabecular and cortical bones, yet the origin of this texturing in vivo has never been shown. Nevertheless, extensive in vitro work revealed how plywood textures of fibrils can emerge from acidic molecular cholesteric collagen mesophases. This study demonstrates in sheep, which is the preferred model for skeletal orthopaedic research, that the deeper non-fibrillar osteoid is organized in a liquid-crystal cholesteric geometry. This basophilic domain, rich in acidic glycosaminoglycans, exhibits low pH which presumably fosters mesoscale collagen molecule ordering in vivo. The results suggest that the collagen fibril motif of twisted plywood matures slowly through self-assembly thermodynamically driven processes as proposed by the Bouligand theory of biological analogues of liquid crystals. Understanding the steps of collagen patterning in osteoid-maturation processes may shed new light on bone pathologies that emerge from collagen physico-chemical maturation imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Robin
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de FranceLaboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP)ParisF‐75005France
| | - Chakib Djediat
- Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleUMR CNRS 7245, Bâtiment 39, CP 39, 57 rue CuvierParis75231France
| | - Arnaud Bardouil
- Université de Rennes, CNRSInstitut de Physique de Rennes (IPR)RennesF‐35000France
| | - Niki Baccile
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de FranceLaboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP)ParisF‐75005France
| | - Camille Chareyron
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de FranceLaboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP)ParisF‐75005France
| | - Ivo Zizak
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie – Speicherring BESSY IIAlbert‐Einstein Str. 15D‐12349BerlinGermany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of BiomaterialsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfacesam Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Mohamed Selmane
- Institut des Matériaux de Paris CentreSorbonne UniversitéParisF‐75005France
| | - Bernard Haye
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de FranceLaboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP)ParisF‐75005France
| | - Isabelle Genois
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de FranceLaboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP)ParisF‐75005France
| | - Jean‐Marc Krafft
- Sorbonne Université, CNRSLaboratoire Réactivité de Surface (LRS)ParisF‐75005France
| | - Guylène Costentin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRSLaboratoire Réactivité de Surface (LRS)ParisF‐75005France
| | - Thierry Azaïs
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de FranceLaboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP)ParisF‐75005France
| | - Franck Artzner
- Université de Rennes, CNRSInstitut de Physique de Rennes (IPR)RennesF‐35000France
| | - Marie‐Madeleine Giraud‐Guille
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de FranceLaboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP)ParisF‐75005France
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department for OperativePreventive and Pediatric DentistryCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinAßmannshauser Str. 4–614197BerlinGermany
| | - Nadine Nassif
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de FranceLaboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP)ParisF‐75005France
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3
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Chen J. Current advances in anisotropic structures for enhanced osteogenesis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 231:113566. [PMID: 37797464 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone defects are a challenge to healthcare systems, as the aging population experiences an increase in bone defects. Despite the development of biomaterials for bone fillers and scaffolds, there is still an unmet need for a bone-mimetic material. Cortical bone is highly anisotropic and displays a biological liquid crystalline (LC) arrangement, giving it exceptional mechanical properties and a distinctive microenvironment. However, the biofunctions, cell-tissue interactions, and molecular mechanisms of cortical bone anisotropic structure are not well understood. Incorporating anisotropic structures in bone-facilitated scaffolds has been recognised as essential for better outcomes. Various approaches have been used to create anisotropic micro/nanostructures, but biomimetic bone anisotropic structures are still in the early stages of development. Most scaffolds lack features at the nanoscale, and there is no comprehensive evaluation of molecular mechanisms or characterisation of calcium secretion. This manuscript provides a review of the latest development of anisotropic designs for osteogenesis and discusses current findings on cell-anisotropic structure interactions. It also emphasises the need for further research. Filling knowledge gaps will enable the fabrication of scaffolds for improved and more controllable bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishizhan Chen
- UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
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4
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Al-Qudsy L, Hu YW, Xu H, Yang PF. Mineralized Collagen Fibrils: An Essential Component in Determining the Mechanical Behavior of Cortical Bone. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:2203-2219. [PMID: 37075172 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Bone comprises mechanically different materials in a specific hierarchical structure. Mineralized collagen fibrils (MCFs), represented by tropocollagen molecules and hydroxyapatite nanocrystals, are the fundamental unit of bone. The mechanical characterization of MCFs provides the unique adaptive mechanical competence to bone to withstand mechanical load. The structural and mechanical role of MCFs is critical in the deformation mechanisms of bone and the marvelous strength and toughness possessed by bone. However, the role of MCFs in the mechanical behavior of bone across multiple length scales is not fully understood. In the present study, we shed light upon the latest progress regarding bone deformation at multiple hierarchical levels and emphasize the role of MCFs during bone deformation. We propose the concept of hierarchical deformation of bone to describe the interconnected deformation process across multiple length scales of bone under mechanical loading. Furthermore, how the deterioration of bone caused by aging and diseases impairs the hierarchical deformation process of the cortical bone is discussed. The present work expects to provide insights on the characterization of MCFs in the mechanical properties of bone and lays the framework for the understanding of the multiscale deformation mechanics of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luban Al-Qudsy
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Department of Medical Instrumentation Engineering Techniques, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, 8998+QHJ Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yi-Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Huiyun Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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5
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Rising A, Harrington MJ. Biological Materials Processing: Time-Tested Tricks for Sustainable Fiber Fabrication. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2155-2199. [PMID: 36508546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to improve the sustainability of the materials we produce and use. Here, we explore what humans can learn from nature about how to sustainably fabricate polymeric fibers with excellent material properties by reviewing the physical and chemical aspects of materials processing distilled from diverse model systems, including spider silk, mussel byssus, velvet worm slime, hagfish slime, and mistletoe viscin. We identify common and divergent strategies, highlighting the potential for bioinspired design and technology transfer. Despite the diversity of the biopolymeric fibers surveyed, we identify several common strategies across multiple systems, including: (1) use of stimuli-responsive biomolecular building blocks, (2) use of concentrated fluid precursor phases (e.g., coacervates and liquid crystals) stored under controlled chemical conditions, and (3) use of chemical (pH, salt concentration, redox chemistry) and physical (mechanical shear, extensional flow) stimuli to trigger the transition from fluid precursor to solid material. Importantly, because these materials largely form and function outside of the body of the organisms, these principles can more easily be transferred for bioinspired design in synthetic systems. We end the review by discussing ongoing efforts and challenges to mimic biological model systems, with a particular focus on artificial spider silks and mussel-inspired materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rising
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 141 52, Sweden.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 750 07, Sweden
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6
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Mechanochemistry of collagen. Acta Biomater 2023; 163:50-62. [PMID: 36669548 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The collagen molecular family is the result of nearly one billion years of evolution. It is a unique family of proteins, the majority of which provide general mechanical support to biological tissues. Fibril forming collagens are the most abundant collagens in vertebrate animals and are generally found in positions that resist tensile loading. In animals, cells produce fibril-forming collagen molecules that self-assemble into larger structures known as collagen fibrils. Collagen fibrils are the fundamental, continuous, load-bearing elements in connective tissues, but are often further aggregated into larger load-bearing structures, fascicles in tendon, lamellae in cornea and in intervertebral disk. We know that failure to form fibrillar collagen is embryonic lethal, and excessive collagen formation/growth (fibrosis) or uncontrolled enzymatic remodeling (type II collagen: osteoarthritis) is pathological. Collagen is thus critical to vertebrate viability and instrumental in maintaining efficient mechanical structures. However, despite decades of research, our understanding of collagen matrix formation is not complete, and we know still less about the detailed mechanisms that drive collagen remodeling, growth, and pathology. In this perspective, we examine the known role of mechanical force on the formation and development of collagenous structure. We then discuss a mechanochemical mechanism that has the potential to unify our understanding of collagenous tissue assembly dynamics, which preferentially deposits and grows collagen fibrils directly in the path of mechanical force, where the energetics should be dissuasive and where collagen fibrils are most required. We term this mechanism: Mechanochemical force-structure causality. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Our mechanochemical-force structure causality postulate suggests that collagen molecules are components of mechanochemically-sensitive and dynamically-responsive fibrils. Collagen molecules assemble preferentially in the path of applied strain, can be grown in place by mechanical extension, and are retained in the path of force through strain-stabilization. The mechanisms that drive this behavior operate at the level of the molecules themselves and are encoded into the structure of the biomaterial. The concept might change our understanding of structure formation, enhance our ability to treat injuries, and accelerate the development of therapeutics to prevent pathologies such as fibrosis. We suggest that collagen is a mechanochemically responsive dynamic element designed to provide a substantial "material assist" in the construction of adaptive carriers of mechanical signals.
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7
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Darvish DM. Collagen fibril formation in vitro: From origin to opportunities. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100322. [PMID: 35757034 PMCID: PMC9218154 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sometimes, to move forward, it is necessary to look back. Collagen type I is one of the most commonly used biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. There are a variety of collagen scaffolds and biomedical products based on collagen have been made, and the development of new ones is still ongoing. Materials, where collagen is in the fibrillar form, have some advantages: they have superior mechanical properties, higher degradation time and, what is most important, mimic the structure of the native extracellular matrix. There are some standard protocols for the formation of collagen fibrils in vitro, but if we look more carefully at those methods, we can see some controversies. For example, why is the formation of collagen gel commonly carried out at 37 °C, when it was well investigated that the temperature higher than 35 °C results in a formation of not well-ordered fibrils? Biomimetic collagen materials can be obtained both using culture medium or neutralizing solution, but it requires a deep understanding of all of the crucial points. One of this point is collagen extraction method, since not every method retains the ability of collagen to reconstitute native banded fibrils. Collagen polymorphism is also often overlooked in spite of the appearance of different polymorphic forms during fibril formation is possible, especially when collagen blends are utilized. In this review, we will not only pay attention to these issues, but we will overview the most prominent works related to the formation of collagen fibrils in vitro starting from the first approaches and moving to the up-to-date recipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Darvish
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Prospekt, 4, Saint-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
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8
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Spencer RKW, Ha BY, Saeidi N. Interplay between nematic and cholesteric interactions in self-consistent field theory. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:054501. [PMID: 35706232 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.054501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a design feature of a number of biomolecules (e.g., collagen). In these molecules, cholesteric (chiral-nematic) behavior emerges from a combination of the tendency for the biopolymers to align (nematic interactions) and for the alignment direction to change with position, rotating around an axis normal to the alignment direction. This paper presents self-consistent field theory (SCFT) of chiral-nematic polymers, which takes into account polymer flexibility and the orientational degrees of freedom of polymer segments. Using the resulting SCFT, we construct a phase diagram showing regions of stability for isotropic, nematic, and cholesteric phases. Furthermore, we find that nematic interactions can stabilize the cholesteric phase, pushing the isotropic-cholesteric phase transition to lower cholesteric interaction strength, until the isotropic-nematic-cholesteric triple point is reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell K W Spencer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Bae-Yeun Ha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Nima Saeidi
- Department of Surgery, The Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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9
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Spencer RKW, Ha BY, Saeidi N. Self-consistent field theory of chiral nematic worm-like chains. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:114902. [PMID: 35317576 PMCID: PMC8934192 DOI: 10.1063/5.0078937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many macromolecules of biological and technological interest are both chiral and semi-flexible. DNA and collagen are good examples. Such molecules often form chiral nematic (or cholesteric) phases, as is well-documented in collagen and chitin. This work presents a method for studying cholesteric phases in the highly successful self-consistent field theory of worm-like chains, offering a new way of studying many biologically relevant molecules. The method involves an effective Hamiltonian with a chiral term inspired by the Oseen-Frank (OF) model of liquid crystals. This method is then used to examine the formation of cholesteric phases in chiral-nematic worm-like chains as a function of polymer flexibility, as well as the optimal cholesteric pitch and distribution of polymer segment orientations. Our approach not only allows for the determination of the isotropic-cholesteric transition and segment distributions, beyond what the OF model promises, but also explicitly incorporates polymer flexibility into the study of the cholesteric phase, offering a more complete understanding of the behavior of semiflexible chiral-nematic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell K. W. Spencer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Bae-Yeun Ha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Nima Saeidi
- Department of Surgery, The Center for Engineering in Medicine (CEM), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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10
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Cohen N, Attia D, Levi‐Kalisman Y, Bitton R, Yerushalmi‐Rozen R. Emergent hybrid mesophases in ternary mixtures of cellulose nanocrystals ‐ Pluronic micelles‐water. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neta Cohen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Beer‐Sheva Israel
| | - David Attia
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Beer‐Sheva Israel
| | - Yael Levi‐Kalisman
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and The Institute of Life Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Ronit Bitton
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Beer‐Sheva Israel
- The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscience and Technology Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Beer‐Sheva Israel
| | - Rachel Yerushalmi‐Rozen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Beer‐Sheva Israel
- The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscience and Technology Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Beer‐Sheva Israel
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11
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Du T, Niu Y, Jia Z, Liu Y, Qiao A, Yang H, Niu X. Orthophosphate and alkaline phosphatase induced the formation of apatite with different multilayered structures and mineralization balance. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:1814-1825. [PMID: 35037677 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06016c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mineralized collagen is a natural organic-inorganic composite. The combination of organic collagen and inorganic apatite to form different nanostructures is the key to producing bone substitutes with biomechanical properties that are as identical to normal bone as possible. However, the formation of apatite with different nanostructures during collagen mineralization is unexplored. Here, pyrophosphate (Pyro-P), as an important hydrolysate of adenosine triphosphate in the body, was introduced to prepare mineralized collagen under the regulation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and orthophosphate (Ortho-P). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that mineralized collagen, which combined with different crystallinities and multilayered structured apatite, was successfully prepared. A combination of ion chromatography (IC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), and thermogravimetry (TG) analyses revealed the crucial role of Ortho-P in the formation of multilayered flower-shaped apatite with different crystallinities and in the maintenance of mineralization balance. Mineralization balance is of great significance for maintaining normal bone morphology during bone regeneration. Overall, our results provide a promising method to produce new bone substitute materials for the repair of large bone defects and a deeper insight into the mechanisms of biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Du
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Yumiao Niu
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Youjun Liu
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Aike Qiao
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Haisheng Yang
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xufeng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
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12
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Buss DJ, Kröger R, McKee MD, Reznikov N. Hierarchical organization of bone in three dimensions: A twist of twists. J Struct Biol X 2022; 6:100057. [PMID: 35072054 PMCID: PMC8762463 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2021.100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural hierarchy of bone - observed across multiple scales and in three dimensions (3D) - is essential to its mechanical performance. While the mineralized extracellular matrix of bone consists predominantly of carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite, type I collagen fibrils, water, and noncollagenous organic constituents (mainly proteins and small proteoglycans), it is largely the 3D arrangement of these inorganic and organic constituents at each length scale that endow bone with its exceptional mechanical properties. Focusing on recent volumetric imaging studies of bone at each of these scales - from the level of individual mineralized collagen fibrils to that of whole bones - this graphical review builds upon and re-emphasizes the original work of James Bell Pettigrew and D'Arcy Thompson who first described the ubiquity of spiral structure in Nature. Here we illustrate and discuss the omnipresence of twisted, curved, sinusoidal, coiled, spiraling, and braided motifs in bone in at least nine of its twelve hierarchical levels - a visualization undertaking that has not been possible until recently with advances in 3D imaging technologies (previous 2D imaging does not provide this information). From this perspective, we hypothesize that the twisting motif occurring across each hierarchical level of bone is directly linked to enhancement of function, rather than being simply an energetically favorable way to assemble mineralized matrix components. We propose that attentive consideration of twists in bone and the skeleton at different scales will likely develop, and will enhance our understanding of structure-function relationships in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Buss
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Roland Kröger
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Marc D McKee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Natalie Reznikov
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
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13
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De Caro L, Terzi A, Fusaro L, Altamura D, Boccafoschi F, Bunk O, Giannini C. Time scale of glycation in collagen of bovine pericardium-derived bio-tissues. IUCRJ 2021; 8:1024-1034. [PMID: 34804554 PMCID: PMC8562672 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521010344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyl-ation is the process of combining one or more glucose molecules (or other monosaccharides) with molecules of a different nature (which are therefore glycosyl-ated). In biochemistry, glycosyl-ation is catalyzed by several specific enzymes, and assumes considerable importance since it occurs mainly at the expense of proteins and phospho-lipids which are thus transformed into glycoproteins and glycolipids. Conversely, in diabetes and aging, glycation of proteins is a phenomenon of non-enzymatic nature and thus not easily controlled. Glycation of collagen distorts its structure, renders the extracellular matrix stiff and brittle and at the same time lowers the degradation susceptibility thereby preventing renewal. Based on models detailed in this paper and with parameters determined from experimental data, we describe the glycation of type 1 collagen in bovine pericardium derived bio-tissues, upon incubation in glucose and ribose. With arginine and lysine/hy-droxy-lysine amino acids as the primary sites of glycation and assuming that the topological polar surface area of the sugar molecules determines the glycation rates, we modelled the glycation as a function of time and determined the glycation rate and thus the progression of glycation as well as the resulting volume increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liberato De Caro
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, via Amendola 122/O, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Alberta Terzi
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, via Amendola 122/O, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Luca Fusaro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara Italy
- Tissuegraft srl., Novara Italy
| | - Davide Altamura
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, via Amendola 122/O, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, via Amendola 122/O, Bari 70126, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara Italy
| | - Oliver Bunk
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, PSI Switzerland
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, via Amendola 122/O, Bari 70126, Italy
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14
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Gibney R, Patterson J, Ferraris E. High-Resolution Bioprinting of Recombinant Human Collagen Type III. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2973. [PMID: 34503013 PMCID: PMC8434404 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of commercial collagen inks for extrusion-based bioprinting has increased the amount of research on pure collagen bioprinting, i.e., collagen inks not mixed with gelatin, alginate, or other more common biomaterial inks. New printing techniques have also improved the resolution achievable with pure collagen bioprinting. However, the resultant collagen constructs still appear too weak to replicate dense collagenous tissues, such as the cornea. This work aims to demonstrate the first reported case of bioprinted recombinant collagen films with suitable optical and mechanical properties for corneal tissue engineering. The printing technology used, aerosol jet® printing (AJP), is a high-resolution printing method normally used to deposit conductive inks for electronic printing. In this work, AJP was employed to deposit recombinant human collagen type III (RHCIII) in overlapping continuous lines of 60 µm to form thin layers. Layers were repeated up to 764 times to result in a construct that was considered a few hundred microns thick when swollen. Samples were subsequently neutralised and crosslinked using EDC:NHS crosslinking. Nanoindentation and absorbance measurements were conducted, and the results show that the AJP-deposited RHCIII samples possess suitable mechanical and optical properties for corneal tissue engineering: an average effective elastic modulus of 506 ± 173 kPa and transparency ≥87% at all visible wavelengths. Circular dichroism showed that there was some loss of helicity of the collagen due to aerosolisation. SDS-PAGE and pepsin digestion were used to show that while some collagen is degraded due to aerosolisation, it remains an inaccessible substrate for pepsin cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Gibney
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus De Nayer, 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Patterson
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Group, IMDEA Materials Institute, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eleonora Ferraris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus De Nayer, 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
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15
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Tendon-inspired fibers from liquid crystalline collagen as the pre-oriented bioink. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:739-749. [PMID: 34216674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nature provides rich bionic resources for the construction of advanced materials with excellent mechanical properties. In this work, inspired by animal tendons, a bionic collagen fiber was developed using collagen liquid crystals as the pre-oriented bioink. The texture of liquid crystalline collagen observed from polarized optical microscopy (POM) showed the specific molecular pre-orientation. Meanwhile, the collagen spinning liquids exhibited a minimal rise in viscosity upon increasing concentration from 60 to 120 mg/mL, indicating the feasible processability. The collagen fiber, which was prepared via wet spinning without being denatured, exhibited the favorable orientation of fibrils along its axis as observed with FESEM and AFM. Thanks to the synergistic effects between pre-orientation and shearing orientation, the maximum tensile strength and Young's modulus of collagen fibers reached 9.98 cN/tex (219.29 ± 22.92 MPa) and 43.95 ± 1.11 cN/tex (966.20 ± 24.30 MPa), respectively, which were also analogous to those of tendon. In addition, the collagen fiber possessed a desirable wet strength. Benefiting from the natural tissue affinity of collagen, the as-prepared bionic collagen fiber possessed excellent wound suture performance and biodegradability in vivo, which offers a new perspective for the potential of widespread applications of collagen fibers in biomedical fields.
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16
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Jehle F, Priemel T, Strauss M, Fratzl P, Bertinetti L, Harrington MJ. Collagen Pentablock Copolymers Form Smectic Liquid Crystals as Precursors for Mussel Byssus Fabrication. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6829-6838. [PMID: 33793207 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein-based biological materials are important role models for the design and fabrication of next generation advanced polymers. Marine mussels (Mytilus spp.) fabricate hierarchically structured collagenous fibers known as byssal threads via bottom-up supramolecular assembly of fluid protein precursors. The high degree of structural organization in byssal threads is intimately linked to their exceptional toughness and self-healing capacity. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that multidomain collagen precursor proteins, known as preCols, are stored in secretory vesicles as a colloidal liquid crystal (LC) phase prior to thread self-assembly. Using advanced electron microscopy methods, including scanning TEM and FIB-SEM, we visualized the detailed smectic preCol LC nanostructure in 3D, including various LC defects, confirming this hypothesis and providing quantitative insights into the mesophase structure. In light of these findings, we performed an in-depth comparative analysis of preCol protein sequences from multiple Mytilid species revealing that the smectic organization arises from an evolutionarily conserved ABCBA pentablock copolymer-like primary structure based on demarcations in hydropathy and charge distribution as well as terminal pH-responsive domains that trigger fiber formation. These distilled supramolecular assembly principles provide inspiration and strategies for sustainable assembly of nanostructured polymeric materials for potential applications in engineering and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Jehle
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tobias Priemel
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Mike Strauss
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Luca Bertinetti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- BCUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, TU Dresden, Tatzberg 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthew J Harrington
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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17
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Lama M, Raveendranathan B, Brun J, Fernandes FM, Boissière C, Nassif N, Marcellan A. Biomimetic Tough Gels with Weak Bonds Unravel the Role of Collagen from Fibril to Suprafibrillar Self-Assembly. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2000435. [PMID: 33881218 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Biological tissues rich in type I collagen exhibit specific hierarchical fibrillar structures together with remarkable mechanical toughness. However, the role of collagen alone in their mechanical response at different structural levels is not fully understood. Here, it is proposed to rationalize such challenging interplay from a materials science perspective through the subtle control of this protein self-assembly in vitro. It is relied on a spray-processing approach to readily use the collagen phase diagram and set a palette of biomimetic self-assembled collagen gels in terms of suprafibrillar organization. Their mechanical responses unveil the involvement of mechanisms occurring either at fibrillar or suprafibrillar scales. Noticeably, both modulus at early stage of deformations and tensile toughness probe the suprafibrillar organization, while durability under cyclic loading and stress relaxation reflect mechanisms at the fibril level. By changing the physicochemical environment, the interfibrillar interactions are modified toward more biomimetic mechanical responses. The possibility of making tissue-like materials with versatile compositions and toughness opens perspectives in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Lama
- Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, F-75005, France.,Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Biravena Raveendranathan
- Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Julie Brun
- Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, F-75005, France.,Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Francisco M Fernandes
- Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Cédric Boissière
- Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Nadine Nassif
- Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Collège de France, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Alba Marcellan
- Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, F-75005, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1, rue Descartes, Paris, F-75005, France
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18
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McCluskey AR, Hung KSW, Marzec B, Sindt JO, Sommerdijk NAJM, Camp PJ, Nudelman F. Disordered Filaments Mediate the Fibrillogenesis of Type I Collagen in Solution. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3631-3643. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. McCluskey
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, The King’s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Kennes S. W. Hung
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, The King’s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Bartosz Marzec
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, The King’s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Julien O. Sindt
- EPCC, University of Edinburgh, Bayes Centre, 47 Potterrow, Edinburgh EH8 9BT, U.K
| | - Nico A. J. M. Sommerdijk
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip J. Camp
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, The King’s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Fabio Nudelman
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, The King’s Buildings, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
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19
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Abstract
Living tissues, heterogeneous at the microscale, usually scatter light. Strong scattering is responsible for the whiteness of bones, teeth, and brain and is known to limit severely the performances of biomedical optical imaging. Transparency is also found within collagen-based extracellular tissues such as decalcified ivory, fish scales, or cornea. However, its physical origin is still poorly understood. Here, we unveil the presence of a gap of transparency in scattering fibrillar collagen matrices within a narrow range of concentration in the phase diagram. This precholesteric phase presents a three-dimensional (3D) orientational order biomimetic of that in natural tissues. By quantitatively studying the relation between the 3D fibrillar network and the optical and mechanical properties of the macroscopic matrices, we show that transparency results from structural partial order inhibiting light scattering, while preserving mechanical stability, stiffness, and nonlinearity. The striking similarities between synthetic and natural materials provide insights for better understanding the occurring transparency.
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20
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Abstract
Natural fibrillar-like macromolecules find applications in several fields, thanks to their peculiar features, and are considered perfect building blocks for natural and artificial functional materials. Indeed, fibrous proteins (such as collagen or fibroin) are commonly used in scaffold fabrication for biomedical applications, due to the high biophysical similarity with the extracellular matrix (ECM) which stimulates tissue regeneration. In the textile industry, cellulose-based fabrics are widely used in place of cotton and viscose, which both have sustainability issues related to their fabrication. With this in mind, the structural characterization of the materials at molecular scale plays a fundamental role in gaining insight into the fiber assembly process. In this work, we report on three fibers of research interest (i.e., type I collagen, silk fibroin extracted from Bombyx mori, and cellulose) to show the power of wide-angle X-ray scattering to characterize both intra- and intermolecular parameters of fibrous polymers. The latest possibilities offered in the X-ray scattering field allow one to study fibers at solid state or dispersed in solutions as well as to perform quantitative scanning X-ray microscopy of tissues entirely or partially made by fibers.
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21
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Terzi A, Gallo N, Bettini S, Sibillano T, Altamura D, Madaghiele M, De Caro L, Valli L, Salvatore L, Sannino A, Giannini C. Sub‐ and Supramolecular X‐Ray Characterization of Engineered Tissues from Equine Tendon, Bovine Dermis, and Fish Skin Type‐I Collagen. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000017. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberta Terzi
- Institute of Crystallography (IC)National Research Council Bari 70126 Italy
| | - Nunzia Gallo
- Department of Engineering for InnovationUniversity of Salento Lecce 73100 Italy
| | - Simona Bettini
- Department of Engineering for InnovationUniversity of Salento Lecce 73100 Italy
| | - Teresa Sibillano
- Institute of Crystallography (IC)National Research Council Bari 70126 Italy
| | - Davide Altamura
- Institute of Crystallography (IC)National Research Council Bari 70126 Italy
| | - Marta Madaghiele
- Department of Engineering for InnovationUniversity of Salento Lecce 73100 Italy
| | - Liberato De Caro
- Institute of Crystallography (IC)National Research Council Bari 70126 Italy
| | - Ludovico Valli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Salento Lecce 73100 Italy
| | - Luca Salvatore
- Department of Engineering for InnovationUniversity of Salento Lecce 73100 Italy
| | - Alessandro Sannino
- Department of Engineering for InnovationUniversity of Salento Lecce 73100 Italy
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Institute of Crystallography (IC)National Research Council Bari 70126 Italy
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22
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Interplay between Convective and Viscoelastic Forces Controls the Morphology of In Vitro Paclitaxel-Stabilized Microtubules. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are self-assembling, high-aspect-ratio tubular nanostructures formed from the polymerization of tubulin protein. MTs are capable of globally assembling into optically birefringent morphologies, but there is disagreement on the mechanisms driving this behavior. We investigated the temporal evolution of paclitaxel (PTX)-stabilized MT solutions under a range of in vitro conditions. Significant morphological differences were observed in the polymerized PTX-MT solutions as a consequence of varying the orientation of the reaction vessel (vertical vs. horizontal), the type of heating source (hot plate vs. incubator), the incubation time, and the concentration of PTX (high vs. low). The most robust birefringent patterns were found only in vertically oriented cuvettes that were heated asymmetrically on a hot plate, suggesting dependence upon a convective flow, which we confirmed with a combination of optical and thermal imaging. Higher concentrations of PTX led to denser PTX-MT domain formation and brighter birefringence, due to more complete polymerization. Combining our experimental observations, we conclude that birefringent patterns arise principally through a combination of convective and viscoelastic forces, and we identify the sequence of dynamical stages through which they evolve.
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23
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Yang Q, Guo C, Deng F, Ding C, Yang J, Wu H, Ni Y, Huang L, Chen L, Zhang M. Fabrication of highly concentrated collagens using cooled urea/HAc as novel binary solvent. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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24
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Terzi A, Gallo N, Bettini S, Sibillano T, Altamura D, Campa L, Natali ML, Salvatore L, Madaghiele M, De Caro L, Valli L, Sannino A, Giannini C. Investigations of Processing-Induced Structural Changes in Horse Type-I Collagen at Sub and Supramolecular Levels. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:203. [PMID: 31552231 PMCID: PMC6736615 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of different extraction and material processing protocols on the collagen structure and hierarchical organization of equine tendons. Wide and Small Angle X-ray Scattering investigations on raw powders and thin films revealed that not only the extraction and purification treatments, but also the processing conditions may affect the extent of the protein crystalline domain and induce a nanoscale “shield effect.” This is due to the supramolecular fiber organization, which protects the atomic scale structure from the modifications that occur during fabrication protocols. Moreover, X-ray analyses and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy performed on the biomaterial sheds light on the relationship between processing conditions, triple helical content and the organization in atomic and nanoscale domains. It was found that the mechanical homogenization of the slurry in acidic solution is a treatment that ensures a high content of super-organization of collagen into triple helices and a lower crystalline domain in the material. Finally, mechanical tensile tests were carried out, proving that the acidic solution is the condition which most enhances both mechanical stiffness and supramolecular fiber organization of the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberta Terzi
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzia Gallo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Simona Bettini
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Teresa Sibillano
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Altamura
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Salvatore
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marta Madaghiele
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Liberato De Caro
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Ludovico Valli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sannino
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Institute of Crystallography (IC), National Research Council, Bari, Italy
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25
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de Wildt BW, Ansari S, Sommerdijk NA, Ito K, Akiva A, Hofmann S. From bone regeneration to three-dimensional in vitro models: tissue engineering of organized bone extracellular matrix. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Mastrogiacomo M, Campi G, Cancedda R, Cedola A. Synchrotron radiation techniques boost the research in bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2019; 89:33-46. [PMID: 30880235 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
X-ray Synchrotron radiation-based techniques, in particular Micro-tomography and Micro-diffraction, were exploited to investigate the structure of bone deposited in vivo within a porous ceramic scaffold. Bone formation was studied by implanting Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) seeded ceramic scaffolds in a mouse model. Osteoblasts derived from the seeded MSC and from differentiation of cells migrated within the scaffold together with the blood vessels, deposited within the scaffold pores an organic collagenous matrix on which a precursor mineral amorphous liquid-phase, containing Ca++ and PO4-- crystallized filling the gaps between the collagen molecules. Histology offered a valid instrument to investigate the engineered tissue structure, but, unfortunately, limited itself to a macroscopic analysis. The evolution of the X-ray Synchrotron radiation-based techniques and the combination of micro X-ray diffraction with X-ray phase-contrast imaging enabled to study the dynamic of the structural and morphological changes occurring during the new bone deposition, biomineralization and vascularization. In fact, the unique features of Synchrotron radiation, is providing the high spatial resolution probe which is necessary for the study of complex materials presenting heterogeneity from micron-scale to meso- and nano-scale. Indeed, this is the occurrence in the heterogeneous and hierarchical bone tissue where an organic matter, such as the collagenous matrix, interacts with mineral nano-crystals to generate a hybrid multiscale biomaterial with unique physical properties. In this framework, the use of advanced synchrotron radiation techniques allowed to understand and to clarify fundamental aspects of the bone formation process within the bioceramic, i.e. biomineralization and vascularization, including to obtain deeper knowledge on bone deposition, mineralization and reabsorption in different health, aging and pathological conditions. In this review we present an overview of the X-ray Synchrotron radiation techniques and we provide a general outlook of their applications on bone Tissue Engineering, with a focus on our group work. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Synchrotron Radiation techniques for Tissue Engineering In this review we report recent applications of X-ray Synchrotron radiation-based techniques, in particular Microtomography and Microdiffraction, to investigations on the structure of ceramic scaffolds and bone tissue regeneration. Tissue engineering has made significant advances in bone regeneration by proposing the use of mesenchymal stem cells in combination with various types of scaffolds. The efficacy of the biomaterials used to date is not considered optimal in terms of resorbability and bone formation, resulting in a poor vascularization at the implant site. The review largely based on our publications in the last ten years could help the study of the regenerative model proposed. We also believe that the new imaging technologies we describe could be a starting point for the development of additional new techniques with the final aim of transferring them to the clinical practice.
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27
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Wingender B, Ni Y, Zhang Y, Taylor C, Gower L. Hierarchical Characterization and Nanomechanical Assessment of Biomimetic Scaffolds Mimicking Lamellar Bone via Atomic Force Microscopy Cantilever-Based Nanoindentation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1257. [PMID: 30037132 PMCID: PMC6073810 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The hierarchical structure of bone and intrinsic material properties of its two primary constituents, carbonated apatite and fibrillar collagen, when being synergistically organized into an interpenetrating hard-soft composite, contribute to its excellent mechanical properties. Lamellar bone is the predominant structural motif in mammalian hard tissues; therefore, we believe the fabrication of a collagen/apatite composite with a hierarchical structure that emulates bone, consisting of a dense lamellar microstructure and a mineralized collagen fibril nanostructure, is an important first step toward the goal of regenerative bone tissue engineering. In this work, we exploit the liquid crystalline properties of collagen to fabricate dense matrices that assemble with cholesteric organization. The matrices were crosslinked via carbodiimide chemistry to improve mechanical properties, and are subsequently mineralized via the polymer-induced liquid-precursor (PILP) process to promote intrafibrillar mineralization. Neither the crosslinking procedure nor the mineralization affected the cholesteric collagen microstructures; notably, there was a positive trend toward higher stiffness with increasing crosslink density when measured by cantilever-based atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation. In the dry state, the average moduli of moderately (X51; 4.8 ± 4.3 GPa) and highly (X76; 7.8 ± 6.7 GPa) crosslinked PILP-mineralized liquid crystalline collagen (LCC) scaffolds were higher than the average modulus of bovine bone (5.5 ± 5.6 GPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Wingender
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-165, USA.
| | - Yongliang Ni
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Curtis Taylor
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Laurie Gower
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Liquid crystals play an important role in biology because the combination of order and mobility is a basic requirement for self-organisation and structure formation in living systems. Cholesteric liquid crystals are omnipresent in living matter under both in vivo and in vitro conditions and address the major types of molecules essential to life. In the animal and plant kingdoms, the cholesteric structure is a recurring design, suggesting a convergent evolution to an optimised left-handed helix. Herein, we review the recent advances in the cholesteric organisation of DNA, chromatin, chitin, cellulose, collagen, viruses, silk and cholesterol ester deposition in atherosclerosis. Cholesteric structures can be found in bacteriophages, archaea, eukaryotes, bacterial nucleoids, chromosomes of unicellular algae, sperm nuclei of many vertebrates, cuticles of crustaceans and insects, bone, tendon, cornea, fish scales and scutes, cuttlebone and squid pens, plant cell walls, virus suspensions, silk produced by spiders and silkworms, and arterial wall lesions. This article specifically aims at describing the consequences of the cholesteric geometry in living matter, which are far from being fully defined and understood, and discusses various perspectives. The roles and functions of biological cholesteric liquid crystals include maximisation of packing efficiency, morphogenesis, mechanical stability, optical information, radiation protection and evolution pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Mitov
- Centre d'Elaboration de Matériaux et d'Etudes Structurales (CEMES), CNRS, BP 94347, 29 rue Jeanne-Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
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29
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Wensink HH, Ferreiro-Córdova C. Twisting with a twist: supramolecular helix fluctuations in chiral nematics. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:3885-3893. [PMID: 28497826 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00719a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Most theoretical descriptions of lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystals to date focus on homogeneous systems in which the rod concentration, as opposed to the rod orientation, is uniform. In this work, we build upon the Onsager-Straley theory for twisted nematics and study the effect of weak concentration gradients, generated by some external potential, on the cholesteric twist. We apply our theory to chiral nematics of nanohelices in which the supramolecular helix sense is known to spontaneously change sign upon variation of particle concentration, passing through a so-called compensation point at which the mesoscopic twist vanishes. We show that the imposed field offers exquisite control of the handedness and magnitude of the helicoidal director field, even at weak field strengths. Within the same framework we also quantify the director fluctuation spectrum and find evidence for a correlation length diverging at the compensation point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henricus Herman Wensink
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides - UMR 8502, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay cedex, France.
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30
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Meseck GR, Terpstra AS, MacLachlan MJ. Liquid crystal templating of nanomaterials with nature's toolbox. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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Tertuliano OA, Greer JR. The nanocomposite nature of bone drives its strength and damage resistance. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:1195-1202. [PMID: 27500809 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In human bone, an amorphous mineral serves as a precursor to the formation of a highly substituted nanocrystalline apatite. However, the precise role of this amorphous mineral remains unknown. Here, we show by using transmission electron microscopy that 100-300 nm amorphous calcium phosphate regions are present in the disordered phase of trabecular bone. Nanomechanical experiments on cylindrical samples, with diameters between 250 nm and 3,000 nm, of the bone's ordered and disordered phases revealed a transition from plastic deformation to brittle failure and at least a factor-of-2 higher strength in the smaller samples. We postulate that this transition in failure mechanism is caused by the suppression of extrafibrillar shearing in the smaller samples, and that the emergent smaller-is-stronger size effect is related to the sample-size scaling of the distribution of flaws. Our findings should help in the understanding of the multi-scale nature of bone and provide insights into the biomineralization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottman A Tertuliano
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Julia R Greer
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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32
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Ghazanfari S, Khademhosseini A, Smit TH. Mechanisms of lamellar collagen formation in connective tissues. Biomaterials 2016; 97:74-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Wingender B, Bradley P, Saxena N, Ruberti JW, Gower L. Biomimetic organization of collagen matrices to template bone-like microstructures. Matrix Biol 2016; 52-54:384-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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34
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Yaari A, Schilt Y, Tamburu C, Raviv U, Shoseyov O. Wet Spinning and Drawing of Human Recombinant Collagen. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:349-360. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Yaari
- The
Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, and
the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
P.O. Box 12, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaelle Schilt
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Carmen Tamburu
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Uri Raviv
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Oded Shoseyov
- The
Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, and
the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
P.O. Box 12, Jerusalem, Israel
- CollPlant Ltd. 3 Sapir Street, P.O. Box 4132, Ness-Ziona, Israel
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35
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Tang M, Ding S, Min X, Jiao Y, Li L, Li H, Zhou C. Collagen films with stabilized liquid crystalline phases and concerns on osteoblast behaviors. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 58:977-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Campi G, Fratini M, Bukreeva I, Ciasca G, Burghammer M, Brun F, Tromba G, Mastrogiacomo M, Cedola A. Imaging collagen packing dynamics during mineralization of engineered bone tissue. Acta Biomater 2015; 23:309-316. [PMID: 26049151 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The structure and organization of the Type I collagen microfibrils during mineral nanoparticle formation appear as the key factor for a deeper understanding of the biomineralization mechanism and for governing the bone tissue physical properties. In this work we investigated the dynamics of collagen packing during ex-vivo mineralization of ceramic porous hydroxyapatite implant scaffolds using synchrotron high resolution X-ray phase contrast micro-tomography (XPCμT) and synchrotron scanning micro X-ray diffraction (SμXRD). While XPCμT provides the direct 3D image of the collagen fibers network organization with micrometer spatial resolution, SμXRD allows to probe the structural statistical fluctuations of the collagen fibrils at nanoscale. In particular we imaged the lateral spacing and orientation of collagen fibrils during the anisotropic growth of mineral nanocrystals. Beyond throwing light on the bone regeneration multiscale process, this approach can provide important information in the characterization of tissue in health, aging and degeneration conditions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE BONE grafts are the most common transplants after the blood transfusions. This makes the bone-tissue regeneration research of pressing scientific and social impact. Bone is a complex hierarchical structure, where the interplay of organic and inorganic mineral phases at different length scale (from micron to atomic scale) affect its functionality and health. Thus, the understanding of bone tissue regeneration requires to image its spatial-temporal evolution (i) with high spatial resolution and (ii) at different length scale. We exploited high spatial resolution X-ray Phase Contrast micro Tomography and Scanning micro X-ray Diffraction in order to get new insight on the engineered tissue formation mechanisms. This approach could open novel routes for the early detection of different degenerative conditions of tissue.
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37
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Aguilar Gutierrez OF, Rey AD. Structure characterisation method for ideal and non-ideal twisted plywoods. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:9446-9453. [PMID: 25342518 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01803f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The twisted plywood architecture, known as the Bouligand structure, is a ubiquitous biological and synthetic fibrous composite structure, analogous to that of cholesteric liquid crystals. Twisted plywoods can show ideal or non-ideal structures and are formed via equilibrium or non-equilibrium liquid crystal self-assembly processes. A key to the structure characterisation of plywood films is the specification of the local and global helix vector h(x) and pitch p(x) of the cholesteric order. Previous extensive work demonstrated that oblique cuts of the plywood give rise to arc-patterns that depend both on the unknown incision angle α and the unknown pitch p(x), thus making the precise 3D cholesteric reconstruction ambiguous. In this paper we present an efficient method based on geometric modelling and new visualization software that determines unambiguously the cholesteric pitch under spatially homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions. The method is applied to films that display two-pitch and spatially non-homogenous structures, as sometimes observed under equilibrium and non-equilibrium self-assembly. The method can be extended to other biological materials such as cornea-like, cylindrical, and various cuticle plywoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar F Aguilar Gutierrez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada. alejandro.rey @mcgill.ca
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38
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Brown AI, Kreplak L, Rutenberg AD. An equilibrium double-twist model for the radial structure of collagen fibrils. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:8500-8511. [PMID: 25238208 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01359j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian tissues contain networks and ordered arrays of collagen fibrils originating from the periodic self-assembly of helical 300 nm long tropocollagen complexes. The fibril radius is typically between 25 to 250 nm, and tropocollagen at the surface appears to exhibit a characteristic twist-angle with respect to the fibril axis. Similar fibril radii and twist-angles at the surface are observed in vitro, suggesting that these features are controlled by a similar self-assembly process. In this work, we propose a physical mechanism of equilibrium radius control for collagen fibrils based on a radially varying double-twist alignment of tropocollagen within a collagen fibril. The free-energy of alignment is similar to that of liquid crystalline blue phases, and we employ an analytic Euler-Lagrange and numerical free energy minimization to determine the twist-angle between the molecular axis and the fibril axis along the radial direction. Competition between the different elastic energy components, together with a surface energy, determines the equilibrium radius and twist-angle at the fibril surface. A simplified model with a twist-angle that is linear with radius is a reasonable approximation in some parameter regimes, and explains a power-law dependence of radius and twist-angle at the surface as parameters are varied. Fibril radius and twist-angle at the surface corresponding to an equilibrium free-energy minimum are consistent with existing experimental measurements of collagen fibrils. Remarkably, in the experimental regime, all of our model parameters are important for controlling equilibrium structural parameters of collagen fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan I Brown
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, CanadaB3H 4R2.
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39
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Su HN, Ran LY, Chen ZH, Qin QL, Shi M, Song XY, Chen XL, Zhang YZ, Xie BB. The ultrastructure of type I collagen at nanoscale: large or small D-spacing distribution? NANOSCALE 2014; 6:8134-8139. [PMID: 24922185 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01268b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
D-Spacing is the most significant topographic feature of type I collagen fibril, and it is important for our understanding of the structure and function in collagens. Traditionally, the D-spacing of type I collagen fibril was shown to have a singular value of 67 nm, but recent works indicated that the D-spacing values have a large distribution of up to 10 nm when measured by atomic force microscopy. We found that this large distribution of D-spacing values mainly resulted from image drift during measurement. Note that the D-spacing was homogeneous in a single type I collagen fibril. Our statistical analysis indicated that the D-spacing values of type I collagen fibrils exhibited only a narrow distribution of 2.5 nm around the value of 67 nm. In addition, the D-spacing values of the collagen fibrils were nearly identical not only within a single fibril bundle, but also in different fibril bundles. The measurement of the D-spacing values of collagen may provide important structural information in many research areas such as collagen related diseases, construction of molecular model of collagen, and collagen fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Nan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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40
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Does fascia hold memories? J Bodyw Mov Ther 2014; 18:259-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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41
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ROLAND JC, REIS D, VIAN B. The cholesteric type cell wall: nucleation of defects in the structural order and its relation to spherical cell shape. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1993.tb00688.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Fang M, Holl MMB. Variation in type I collagen fibril nanomorphology: the significance and origin. BONEKEY REPORTS 2013; 2:394. [PMID: 24422113 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2013.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the axial D-periodic spacing is a well-recognized nanomorphological feature of type I collagen fibrils, the existence of a distribution of values has been largely overlooked since its discovery seven decades ago. Studies based on single fibril measurements occasionally noted variation in D-spacing values, but accredited it with no biological significance. Recent quantitative characterizations supported that a 10-nm collagen D-spacing distribution is intrinsic to collagen fibrils in various tissues as well as in vitro self-assembly of reconstituted collagen. In addition, the distribution is altered in Osteogenesis Imperfecta and long-term estrogen deprivation. Bone collagen is organized into lamellar sheets of bundles at the micro-scale, and D-spacings within a bundle of a lamella are mostly identical, whereas variations among different bundles contribute to the full-scale distribution. This seems to be a very general phenomenon for the protein as the same type of D-spacing/bundle organization is observed for dermal and tendon collagen. More research investigation of collagen nanomorphology in connection to bone biology is required to fully understand these new observations. Here we review the data demonstrating the existence of a D-spacing distribution, the impact of disease on the distribution and possible explanations for the origin of D-spacing variations based on various collagen fibrillogenesis models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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43
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Yaari A, Posen Y, Shoseyov O. Liquid Crystalline Human Recombinant Collagen: The Challenge and the Opportunity. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:1502-6. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Yaari
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, the Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
- CollPlant Ltd., Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | | | - Oded Shoseyov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, the Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
- CollPlant Ltd., Ness-Ziona, Israel
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44
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Dorvee JR, Veis A. Water in the formation of biogenic minerals: peeling away the hydration layers. J Struct Biol 2013; 183:278-303. [PMID: 23791831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Minerals of biogenic origin form and crystallize from aqueous environments at ambient temperatures and pressures. The in vivo environment either intracellular or intercellular, contains many components that modulate both the activity of the ions which associate to form the mineral, as well as the activity and structure of the crowded water. Most of the studies about the mechanism of mineralization, that is, the detailed pathways by which the mineral ions proceed from solution to crystal state, have been carried out in relatively dilute solutions and clean solutions. These studies have considered both thermodynamic and kinetic controls. Most have not considered the water itself. Is the water a passive bystander, or is it intimately a participant in the mineral ion densification reaction? A wide range of experiments show that the mineralization pathways proceed through a series of densification stages with intermediates, such as a "dense liquid" phase and the prenucleation clusters that form within it. This is in contrast to the idea of a single step phase transition, but consistent with the Gibbs concept of discontinuous phase transitions from supersaturated mother liquor to crystal. Further changes in the water structure at every surface and interface during densification guides the free energy trajectory leading to the crystalline state. In vertebrates, mineralization takes place in a hydrated collagen matrix, thus water must be considered as a direct participant. Although different in detail, the crystallization of calcium phosphates, as apatite, and calcium carbonates, as calcite, are mechanistically identical from the viewpoint of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Dorvee
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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45
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Fang M, Goldstein EL, Matich EK, Orr BG, Holl MMB. Type I collagen self-assembly: the roles of substrate and concentration. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:2330-2338. [PMID: 23339654 DOI: 10.1021/la3048104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Collagen molecules, self-assembled into macroscopic hierarchical tissue networks, are the main organic building block of many biological tissues. A particularly common and important form of this self-assembly consists of type I collagen fibrils, which exhibit a nanoscopic signature, D-periodic gap/overlap spacing, with a distribution of values centered at approximately 67 nm. In order to better understand the relationship between type I collagen self-assembly and D-spacing distribution, we investigated surface-mediated collagen self-assembly as a function of substrate and incubation concentration. Collagen fibril assembly on phlogopite and muscovite mica as well as fibrillar gel coextrusion in glass capillary tubes all exhibited D-spacing distributions similar to those commonly observed in biological tissues. The observation of D-spacing distribution by self-assembly of type I collagen alone is significant as it eliminates the necessity to invoke other preassembly or postassembly hypotheses, such as variation in the content of collagen types, enzymatic cross-linking, or other post-translational modifications, as mechanistic origins of D-spacing distribution. The D-spacing distribution on phlogopite mica is independent of type I collagen concentration, but on muscovite mica D-spacing distributions showed increased negative skewness at 20 μg/mL and higher concentrations. Tilted D-spacing angles were found to correlate with decreased D-spacing measurements, an effect that can be removed with a tilt angle correction, resulting in no concentration dependence of D-spacing distribution on muscovite mica. We then demonstrated that tilted D-spacing is uncommon in biological tissues and it does not explain previous observations of low D-spacing values in ovariectomized dermis and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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46
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Reznikov N, Almany-Magal R, Shahar R, Weiner S. Three-dimensional imaging of collagen fibril organization in rat circumferential lamellar bone using a dual beam electron microscope reveals ordered and disordered sub-lamellar structures. Bone 2013; 52:676-83. [PMID: 23153959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lamellar bone is a major component of most mammalian skeletons. A prominent component of individual lamellae are parallel arrays of mineralized type I collagen fibrils, organized in a plywood like motif. Here we use a dual beam microscope and the serial surface view (SSV) method to investigate the three dimensional collagen organization of circumferential lamellar bone from rat tibiae after demineralization and osmium staining. Fast Fourier transform analysis is used to quantitatively identify the mean collagen array orientations and local collagen fibril dispersion. Based on collagen fibril array orientations and variations in fibril dispersion, we identify 3 distinct sub-lamellar structural motifs: a plywood-like fanning sub-lamella, a unidirectional sub-lamella and a disordered sub-lamella. We also show that the disordered sub-lamella is less mineralized than the other sub-lamellae. The hubs and junctions of the canalicular network, which connect radially oriented canaliculi, are intimately associated with the disordered sub-lamella. We also note considerable variations in the proportions of these 3 sub-lamellar structural elements among different lamellae. This new application of Serial Surface View opens the way to quantitatively compare lamellar bone from different sources, and to clarify the 3-dimensional structures of other bone types, as well as other biological structural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Reznikov
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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47
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Paten JA, Tilburey GE, Molloy EA, Zareian R, Trainor CV, Ruberti JW. Utility of an optically-based, micromechanical system for printing collagen fibers. Biomaterials 2013; 34:2577-87. [PMID: 23352045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Collagen's success as the principal structural element in load-bearing, connective tissue has motivated the development of numerous engineering approaches designed to recapitulate native fibril morphology and strength. It has been shown recently that collagen fibers can be drawn from monomeric solution through a fiber forming buffer (FFB), followed by numerous additional treatments in a complex serial process. However, internal fibril alignment, packing and resultant mechanical behavior of the fibers have not been optimized and remain inferior to native tissue. Further, no system has been developed which permits simultaneous application of molecular crowding, measurement of applied load, and direct observation of polymerization dynamics during fiber printing. The ability to perform well-controlled investigations early in the process of fiber formation, which vary single input parameters (i.e. collagen concentration, crowding agent concentration, draw rate, flow rate, temperature, pH, etc.) should substantially improve fiber morphology and strength. We have thus designed, built, and tested a versatile, in situ, optically-based, micromechanical assay and fiber printing system which permits the correlation of parameter changes with mechanical properties of fibers immediately after deposition into an FFB. We demonstrate the sensitivity of the assay by detecting changes in the fiber mechanics in response to draw rate, collagen type, small changes in the molecular crowding agent concentration and to variations in pH. In addition we found the ability to observe fiber polymerization dynamics leads to intriguing new insights into collagen assembly behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Paten
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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48
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Marotti G, Ferretti M, Palumbo C. The problem of bone lamellation: An attempt to explain different proposed models. J Morphol 2013; 274:543-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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Fang M, Goldstein EL, Turner AS, Les CM, Orr BG, Fisher GJ, Welch KB, Rothman ED, Banaszak Holl MM. Type I collagen D-spacing in fibril bundles of dermis, tendon, and bone: bridging between nano- and micro-level tissue hierarchy. ACS NANO 2012; 6:9503-14. [PMID: 23083115 PMCID: PMC3508361 DOI: 10.1021/nn302483x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillar collagens in connective tissues are organized into complex and diverse hierarchical networks. In dermis, bone, and tendon, one common phenomenon at the micrometer scale is the organization of fibrils into bundles. Previously, we have reported that collagen fibrils in these tissues exhibit a 10 nm width distribution of D-spacing values. This study expands the observation to a higher hierarchical level by examining fibril D-spacing distribution in relation to the bundle organization. We used atomic force microscopy imaging and two-dimensional fast Fourier transform analysis to investigate dermis, tendon, and bone tissues. We found that, in each tissue type, collagen fibril D-spacings within a single bundle were nearly identical and frequently differ by less than 1 nm. The full 10 nm range in D-spacing values arises from different values found in different bundles. The similarity in D-spacing was observed to persist for up to 40 μm in bundle length and width. A nested mixed model analysis of variance examining 107 bundles and 1710 fibrils from dermis, tendon, and bone indicated that fibril D-spacing differences arise primarily at the bundle level (∼76%), independent of species or tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Science, University of Michigan
| | | | | | - Clifford M. Les
- Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan
| | - Bradford G. Orr
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Science, University of Michigan
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan
- Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan
| | | | - Kathleen B. Welch
- Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan
| | - Edward D. Rothman
- Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan
| | - Mark M. Banaszak Holl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Science, University of Michigan
- Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan
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50
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Tien LW, Gil ES, Park SH, Mandal BB, Kaplan DL. Patterned Silk Film Scaffolds for Aligned Lamellar Bone Tissue Engineering. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:1671-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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