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Haimson OL, Carter AJ, Corvite S, Wheeler B, Wang L, Liu T, Lige A. The major life events taxonomy: Social readjustment, social media information sharing, and online network separation during times of life transition. J Assoc Inf Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/asi.24455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert J. Carter
- School of Information University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Shanley Corvite
- School of Information University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | | | - Lingbo Wang
- School of Information University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Tianxiao Liu
- School of Information University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Alexxus Lige
- School of Information University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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Tibubos AN, Burghardt J, Klein EM, Brähler E, Jünger C, Michal M, Wiltink J, Wild PS, Münzel T, Singer S, Pfeiffer N, Beutel ME. Frequency of stressful life events and associations with mental health and general subjective health in the general population. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
We aim to determine the frequency of stressful life events (SLEs) and investigate the association of single and aggregated SLEs with mental health and general subjective health, which has not been reported for an aging representative sample to date.
Subjects and methods
A total of 12,947 participants (35–74 years old) of the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) in Germany were analyzed. SLEs were analyzed at the item and aggregated level with unweighted and weighted sum scores. Additionally, the survey included measures of mental health, general subjective health and demographics. Descriptive analyses were stratified by sex, age and socioeconomic status.
Results
Multivariate analyses of variance with SLE at the item level revealed large main effects for sex (ηp2 = 0.30) and age (ηp2 = 0.30); a moderate effect was found for socioeconomic status (ηp2 = 0.08). Interaction effects of sex with age and SES were also significant, but with negligible effect sizes. Regression analyses revealed similar results for unweighted and weighted SLE sum scores controlling for sociodemographic variables, supporting the detrimental relations among cumulated SLEs, depression (β = 0.18/0.19) and anxiety (β =0.17/0.17), but not general health. Mental health indicators showed the highest correlations with single SLEs such as change of sleep habits or personal finances. Severe SLEs according to proposed weight scores showed no or only weak associations with mental health.
Conclusion
Representative data support a more distinct impact of SLEs on mental health than on general health. Single SLEs show strong associations with mental health outcome (e.g., change of sleep habits). The low associations between severe single SLEs and mental health merit further attention.
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Azevedo V, Martins C, Maia Â. Life Experiences Throughout the Lifespan: What Do People Say (or Not) About Them? JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10804-017-9277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Furney
- a Department of Health and Physical Education , Southwest Texas State University , San Marcos , TX , 78666 , USA
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Picardi A, Abeni D. Stressful life events and skin diseases: disentangling evidence from myth. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2001; 70:118-36. [PMID: 11340413 DOI: 10.1159/000056237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of a causal influence of emotional stress, especially of stressful life events, on the course of various skin diseases has long been postulated. Clinical wisdom and experience, as well as many anecdotal observations and uncontrolled case series, support this opinion. We reviewed the available evidence on the role of stressful life events in triggering or exacerbating skin diseases. The role of stressful events in vitiligo, lichen planus, acne, pemphigus and seborrhoeic dermatitis was either controversial or insufficiently explored. The role of stressful events in psoriasis, alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis and urticaria was apparently clearer. However, only a few studies met acceptable methodological standards for stress measurement. Also, few studies considered common potential confounding factors (e.g. age, duration of illness, familial factors), and no study controlled adequately for the influence of other crucial factors (e.g. discontinuation of treatment, seasonal effects). Adding that the large majority of studies were retrospective, it seems wise to conclude that only preliminary evidence has been published so far on the role of stressful life events in bringing on or worsening any dermatological disease. Further research is mandatory, either in the form of prospective studies or, more feasibly, of well-designed case-control studies with adequate statistical power. Future studies should also pay more attention to protective as well as vulnerability factors in stressful events. Further, it would be important to investigate other sources of psychological stress, such as chronic stress and everyday stress. Measuring stress appraisal, although difficult, would also be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Picardi
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between early perinatal hospital discharge and several parenting outcomes during infancy, including breastfeeding, mother-infant interaction, and mother-infant attachment. STUDY DESIGN A prospective, longitudinal, nonrandomized study of mother-infant dyads discharged </=36 hours after birth (early discharge), compared with those discharged >36 hours after birth (late discharge). METHODS Demographic, perinatal, and psychosocial factors were determined from medical record review and maternal questionnaires. Questionnaires also assessed maternal perceptions of the hospital stay and breastfeeding rates. Mother-infant interaction was assessed at 3 months after birth using the NCAST Feeding Scale and at 9 months after birth using the NCAST Teaching Scale. Security of attachment was measured in the Ainsworth Strange Situation at 12 months after birth. RESULTS Early and late discharge groups were similar with respect to major demographic, perinatal, and psychosocial characteristics and perceptions of the hospital stay. Even after adjusting for these factors in regression analyses, no significant association was found between early discharge and breastfeeding at 3 months, NCAST scores at 3 and 9 months, and security of attachment at 12 months. CONCLUSION Parenting outcomes, such as breastfeeding, mother-infant interaction, and attachment, are not influenced by early perinatal hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Britton
- Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Liakopoulou M, Alifieraki T, Katideniou A, Kakourou T, Tselalidou E, Tsiantis J, Stratigos J. Children with alopecia areata: psychiatric symptomatology and life events. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997; 36:678-84. [PMID: 9136503 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199705000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the nature of psychopathology of children with alopecia areata (AA) and to investigate the frequency and quality of life events in the year before AA developed in comparison with a control group. METHOD Thirty-three subjects with AA, mean age 10.5 +/- 0.3 years, were compared with 30 controls who visited a pediatrician for a mild condition. In addition, 16 preschool children with AA were compared with 17 preschool children who visited the pediatrician for a mild condition. The following measures were used: Child Psychiatric Interview, Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (CMAS), Life Events Scale for Children, and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). RESULTS On the CBCL, children with AA had more psychological problems, in total, than controls, and in particular, they were more anxious or depressed, withdrawn, aggressive, and delinquent. They also had more somatic problems as well as problems in social relations and in attention. Girls with AA seem to have been affected more in dimensions of total problems, anxiety/depression, and internalizing/externalizing syndromes. In terms of anxiety (CMAS), more children with AA than controls seemed to worry and to have difficulties in concentration and physiological symptoms of anxiety. In the Child Psychiatric Interview, all children with AA exhibited symptomatology of anxiety or depression or both, usually of mild or moderate nature. Major depression was not detected through the CDI. Fewer children with AA had positive life events the year before AA than controls in a similar time period. CONCLUSIONS Compared with controls, children with AA had more psychiatric symptoms in general and symptoms of anxiety or depression, or both, in particular. There is also evidence that lack of positive life events in the prealopecia period played a role in their lives. Psychiatric assessment, and if necessary treatment, is warranted for all children with this condition.
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Evans BJ, Coman GJ. General versus specific measures of occupational stress: An Australian police survey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/smi.2460090105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jensen PS, Richters J, Ussery T, Bloedau L, Davis H. Child psychopathology and environmental influences: discrete life events versus ongoing adversity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1991; 30:303-9. [PMID: 2016236 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199103000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of exposure to distinct types of life stressors were compared between 134 children attending a military child psychiatric clinic and a matched military community control sample. Compared with the community sample, clinic-referred children had experienced significantly higher levels of normative stressful events as well as events confounded with their own adjustment and events related to parental psychosocial functioning. Differences in levels of normative stressful events were no longer significant, however, when controlling for events related to parental functioning. Ratings of stressful events during the past year significantly underestimated the lifetime stress exposure differences between clinic and community control children. Although normative stressful events, parent-related events, and parent symptomatology ratings were significantly related to child behavior problem ratings, normative stressful events did not contribute to predictions of child behavior problems beyond the variance attributable to parent-related events and parent symptomatology. Implications of these findings for life stress and child maladjustment research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Jensen
- Child and Adolescent Disorders Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, Maryland 20857
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Brantley PJ, Waggoner CD, Jones GN, Rappaport NB. A Daily Stress Inventory: development, reliability, and validity. J Behav Med 1987; 10:61-74. [PMID: 3586002 DOI: 10.1007/bf00845128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the development of the Daily Stress Inventory, a measure introduced to provide researchers and clinicians with a psychometrically sound self-report instrument for the daily assessment of the sources and individualized impact of relatively minor stressful events. It was designed to assess sources of stress not typically assessed by major life-event scales. Generalizability coefficients indicate that the scale has significant homogeneity and a useful degree of stability. Several studies investigating the concurrent and construct validities suggest that the scale measures the construct commonly referred to as "stress." Implications for uses in theoretical and basic research as well as clinical assessment are discussed.
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Pilkonis PA, Imber SD, Rubinsky P. Dimensions of life stress in psychiatric patients. JOURNAL OF HUMAN STRESS 1985; 11:5-10. [PMID: 3843107 DOI: 10.1080/0097840x.1985.9936732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A combined checklist and interview methodology was developed to assess the occurrence of life events among psychiatric patients. In addition to identifying events, patients were asked to rate them on 11 dimensions assumed to be important in mediating the impact of life stress. A factor analysis of ratings of 479 events from 64 patients, yielded three factors, reflecting the desirability of events, perceived control over their occurrence, and the readjustment required by events. However, ratings of social support available for help in coping with events and prior experience with similar events did not load on any of these factors. These dimensions should be treated as separate and potentially important influences. Three judges, blind to the patients' ratings, also made "normative" judgements of a subset of 154 events on the dimensions of desirability, control, and readjustment. Agreement among judges and between judges and patients was high with regard to desirability and control but low when rating readjustment. Judges tended to overestimate the amount of readjustment as described by patients.
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Abstract
This paper reviews research on the role of stressful life events in the aetiology of physical illness. Particular attention is given to the methodological problems involved in the identification and measurement of life events. There has been insufficient sound research for firm conclusions to be drawn but prospective studies make it clear that assessment of life events will lead to a more complete understanding of how psychosocial factors interact with bodily functioning. Future research studies will need to be based on an interactional model.
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Monroe SM. Major and minor life events as predictors of psychological distress: further issues and findings. J Behav Med 1983; 6:189-205. [PMID: 6620372 DOI: 10.1007/bf00845380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Current trends in research on stressful life events and disease have been to focus upon other psychosocial factors that may be associated with stress and illness relationships. Recently, the study of relatively minor life events or situations (e.g., daily hassles) has provided a promising alternative avenue of inquiry into basic stress measurement and the relationship of stress to disorder. While initial findings in this area of research appear encouraging, several methodological and procedural issues currently preclude definitive conclusions. The present paper outlines several of the most important limitations of existing research on this topic and provides further data taking these limitations into account for the role of minor life events as predictors of psychological distress. The results of the present prospective study indicate that undesirable minor events (e.g., hassles) significantly predict psychological symptoms, even once initial symptom status is controlled for statistically. Additionally, hassles were uniformly better predictors of subsequent psychological symptoms than were major life event categories; potentially important interactive effects (e.g., hassles x prior symptoms; hassles x prior major events) were also tested and their implications are discussed. Finally, basic associations between major and minor events were examined. The findings are discussed specifically in the context of recent advances in this area and more generally in relation to clarifying our understanding of psychosocial predictors of disorder.
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Abstract
A life events scale for research into Xhosa speaking people of Cape Town was developed. It was standardised on 131 residents of Cape Town's three major Black suburbs. Measures of perceived impact and rate of occurrence were elicited. The Spearman Rank correlation between prevalence and impact scores was not significant (r = 0.04). Items were ranked according to composite impact scores. Cultural and social factors were considered to play a part in explaining differences between the present findings and those of other studies. Limitations on the applicability of the scale and methodological issues were discussed. The problems in direct comparison between different cultural groups were emphasized, with particular stress on constraints on life events research in an African setting.
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Abstract
Some necessary conditions are set out for showing that some quality of life events is a cause of depression. Recent advances in method which help to fulfil these conditions are reviewed in the fields of life events, depression and survey design. Studies which may have been regarded as refuting a causal link between life events and depression are analysed in detail and their conclusions are challenged. Studies which have claimed a causal link have used methods which in general fulfil the conditions for showing a cause. It was concluded that the hypothesis that severely unpleasant life events, particularly events involving loss, are a cause of depression has not been refuted. Furthermore, a number of studies have accumulated evidence for such a causal link. The weaknesses of these studies are discussed. Improved methods are suggested for use in future research.
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