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Kim K, Khazan N, Rowswell-Turner RB, Singh RK, Moore T, Strawderman MS, Miller JP, Snyder CWA, Awada A, Moore RG. Forchlorfenuron-Induced Mitochondrial Respiration Inhibition and Metabolic Shifts in Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:976. [PMID: 38473335 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Forchlorfenuron (FCF) is a widely used plant cytokinin that enhances fruit quality and size in agriculture. It also serves as a crucial pharmacological tool for the inhibition of septins. However, the precise target of FCF has not yet been fully determined. This study reveals a novel target of FCF and elucidates its downstream signaling events. FCF significantly impairs mitochondrial respiration and mediates metabolic shift toward glycolysis, thus making cells more vulnerable to glycolysis inhibition. Interestingly, FCF's impact on mitochondrial function persists, even in cells lacking septins. Furthermore, the impaired mitochondrial function leads to the degradation of HIF-1α, facilitated by increased cellular oxygen. FCF also induces AMPK activation, suppresses Erk1/2 phosphorylation, and reduces the expression of HER2, β-catenin, and PD-L1. Endometrial cancer is characterized by metabolic disorders such as diabetes and aberrant HER2/Ras-Erk1/2/β-catenin signaling. Thus, FCF may hold promise as a potential therapeutic in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyukwang Kim
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Negar Khazan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Rachael B Rowswell-Turner
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Taylor Moore
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Myla S Strawderman
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - John P Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Cameron W A Snyder
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Ahmad Awada
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Adventhealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Richard G Moore
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
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Dasgupta A, van Ingen Y, Guerzoni MG, Farshadfar K, Rawson JM, Richards E, Ariafard A, Melen RL. Lewis Acid Assisted Brønsted Acid Catalysed Decarbonylation of Isocyanates: A Combined DFT and Experimental Study. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201422. [PMID: 35560742 PMCID: PMC9541586 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and mild reaction protocol for the decarbonylation of isocyanates has been developed using catalytic amounts of Lewis acidic boranes. The electronic nature (electron withdrawing, electron neutral, and electron donating) and the position of the substituents (ortho/meta/para) bound to isocyanate controls the chain length and composition of the products formed in the reaction. Detailed DFT studies were undertaken to account for the formation of the mono/di‐carboxamidation products and benzoxazolone compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Dasgupta
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Yara van Ingen
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Michael G Guerzoni
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Kaveh Farshadfar
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central TehranBranch, Poonak, Tehran, 1469669191, Iran
| | - Jeremy M Rawson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Emma Richards
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Melen
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, United Kingdom
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3
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Suárez-Pantaleón C, Mercader JV, Agulló C, Abad-Somovilla A, Abad-Fuentes A. Hapten synthesis and polyclonal antibody-based immunoassay development for the analysis of forchlorfenuron in kiwifruit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8502-8511. [PMID: 20681638 DOI: 10.1021/jf101660z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
High-affinity polyclonal antibodies directed against the synthetic cytokinin forchlorfenuron (CPPU) were produced from three immunizing haptens with equivalent spacer arms located at different positions. A competitive immunoassay was developed with a limit of detection in buffer of 12.42 +/- 3.06 ng/L. In addition, the ability of the produced antibodies to recognize a set of synthetic CPPU analogues was studied. It was evidenced that the linker position had a strong impact on the specificity of the generated polyclonals, which were more sensitive to changes at moieties of the target analyte located furthest from the derivatization site of the immunogen. Finally, matrix effects of gold and green kiwifruit over assay parameters were evaluated. Excellent recoveries and low coefficients of variation were found with just a 100-fold dilution of the sample in buffer, hence indicating the effectiveness of the developed immunoassay as an analytical tool for monitoring this agrochemical in kiwifruit samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Suárez-Pantaleón
- Department of Biotechnology, IATA-CSIC, Agustí Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, València, Spain
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Begum S, Choudhary MI, Khan KM. Synthesis, phytotoxic, cytotoxic, acetylcholinesterase and butrylcholinesterase activities ofN,N′-diaryl unsymmetrically substituted thioureas. Nat Prod Res 2009; 23:1719-30. [DOI: 10.1080/14786410802223778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Ricci A, Bertoletti C. Urea derivatives on the move: cytokinin-like activity and adventitious rooting enhancement depend on chemical structure. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2009; 11:262-272. [PMID: 19470099 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Urea derivatives are synthetic compounds, some of which have proved to be positive regulators of cell division and differentiation. N-phenyl-N'-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)urea (forchlorofenuron, CPPU) and N-phenyl-N'-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)urea (thidiazuron, TDZ), well known urea cytokinin representatives, are extensively used in in vitro plant morphogenesis studies, as they show cytokinin-like activity often exceeding that of adenine compounds. In recent years, renewed interest in structure-activity relationship studies allowed identification of new urea cytokinins and other urea derivatives that specifically enhance adventitious root formation. In this review, we report the research history of urea derivatives, new insights into their biological activity, and recent progress on their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ricci
- Dipartimento di Biologia Evolutiva e Funzionale, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Karanov E, Vunkova R, Barth A, Pogoncheva E. Chemical Structure and Growth Regulating Activity Relationship of Some Piperidinoacetanilides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-3796(80)80050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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LEONARD NELSONJ. Chemistry of the Cytokinins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-612407-1.50008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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10
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Vassilev G, Mashev N. Synthese, chemische Struktur und cytokininähnliche Aktivität einiger Derivate des N-Phenyl-N′-Alkyl- oder Arylthioharnstoffs und deren Einfluß auf den Stickstoffmetabolismus in Gerstenkeimlingen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-3796(17)30994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Vassilev GN, Iliev LK, Vassileva RT. Herbizidwirkung einiger Thioharnstoffderivate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1080/03235407209429576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Clifton G, Bryant SR, Skinner CG. Inhibition of seed germination by some N-(substituted)-N'-hydroxyureas. Life Sci 1968; 7:993-1002. [PMID: 5712724 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(68)90176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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15
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Helgeson JP. The cytokinins. Synthetic and naturally occurring N6-substituted adenine derivatives profoundly affect plant growth. Science 1968; 161:974-81. [PMID: 4876488 DOI: 10.1126/science.161.3845.974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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17
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Mann JD, Cota-Robles E, Yung KH, Pu M, Haid H. Phenylurethane herbicides: inhibitors of changes in metabolic state. I. Botanical aspects. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1967; 138:133-9. [PMID: 6048278 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(67)90593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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18
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19
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Kefford NP, Bruce MI, Zwar JA. Cytokinin activities of phenylurea derivatives - Bud growth. PLANTA 1966; 68:292-296. [PMID: 24557770 DOI: 10.1007/bf00385289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/1965] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N P Kefford
- Division of Plant Industry, CSIRO, Canberra, (Australia)
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Bruce MI, Zwar JA. Cytokinin activity of some substituted ureas and thioureas. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. SERIES B, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 1966; 165:245-65. [PMID: 4380541 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1966.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
N
,
N
'-Diphenylurea was shown to have reproducible cytokinin activity . Some 500 ureas, mainly of the
N
-monosubstituted and
N
,
N
'-disubstituted types, were tested an d about one half of these were active. Attempts were made to correlate chemical structure with biological activity. Although there are some exceptions to nearly every generalization it has been possible to formulate some principles. (1) Phenyl urea was the simplest active compound. (2) An HNCONH bridge conferred higher activity than an HNCSNH linkage and any other tested arrangement of the bridge gave inactive com pounds. (3) Compounds in which both amino hydrogen atoms on one or both sides of the bridge were substituted were of low activity or were inactive. (4) Many com pounds of the type
R
NHCONH
2
in which
R
= a substituted phenyl ring were tested. Ring substitution generally increased the activity and the highest activity was associated with meta substitution and the lowest with
ortho
. Compounds with electron-attracting substituents were generally more active than those with electron-donating substituents. Pyridyl compounds were active but com pounds with non-planar rings were inactive. (5) In compounds of the type
R
NHCONH
R
' in which
R
and
R
' were phenyl or substituted phenyl groups the highest activities were usually found in com pounds with one unsubstituted phenyl ring. Those with two substituted phenyl groups generally had lower activity. Some ureas showed detectable activity at 0.1 parts/10
6
. This was about four times less active than kinetin when tested in the tobacco pith assay.
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Fletcher RA, Osborne DJ. GIBBERELLIN, AS A REGULATOR OF PROTEIN AND RIBONUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS DURING SENESCENCE IN LEAF CELLS OF TARAXACUM OFFICINALE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1966. [DOI: 10.1139/b66-088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The addition of gibberellin A3 (GA) to leaf discs of Taraxacum officinale Weber retards their senescence and delays the decline in the levels of chlorophyll, protein, and RNA. Incorporation of 14C leucine and 14C adenine into protein and RNA respectively was increased by GA. This enhancement of protein and RNA synthesis did not occur if the discs were supplied with actinomycin D before treatment with gibberellin. If, however, actinomycin D was added after the gibberellin treatment then the stimulatory effect of the hormone was maintained. These results suggest that the retarding action of gibberellins on leaf senescence could be mediated through a regulation of RNA synthesis that is DNA dependent.
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