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Ferwerda B, Valls Serón M, Jongejan A, Zwinderman AH, Geldhoff M, van der Ende A, Baas F, Brouwer MC, van de Beek D. Variation of 46 Innate Immune Genes Evaluated for their Contribution in Pneumococcal Meningitis Susceptibility and Outcome. EBioMedicine 2016; 10:77-84. [PMID: 27432718 PMCID: PMC5006661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal meningitis is the most common and severe form of bacterial meningitis. Early recognition of the pathogen and subsequent innate immune response play a vital role in disease susceptibility and outcome. Genetic variations in innate immune genes can alter the immune response and influence susceptibility and outcome of meningitis disease. Here we conducted a sequencing study of coding regions from 46 innate immune genes in 435 pneumococcal meningitis patients and 416 controls, to determine the role of genetic variation on pneumococcal meningitis susceptibility and disease outcome. Strongest signals for susceptibility were rs56078309 CXCL1 (p=4.8e-04) and rs2008521 in CARD8 (p=6.1e-04). For meningitis outcome the rs2067085 in NOD2 (p=5.1e-04) and rs4251552 of IRAK4 were the strongest associations with unfavorable outcome (p=6.7e-04). Haplotype analysis showed a haplotype block, determined by IRAK4 rs4251552, significantly associated with unfavorable outcome (p=0.004). Cytokine measurements from cerebrospinal fluid showed that with the IRAK4 rs4251552 G risk allele had higher levels of IL-6 compared to individuals with A/A genotype (p=0.04). We show that genetic variation within exons and flanking regions of 46 innate immunity genes does not yield significant association with pneumococcal meningitis. The strongest identified signal IRAK4 does imply a potential role of genetic variation in pneumococcal meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Ferwerda
- Department of Neurology, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, P.O. Box 22660, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mercedes Valls Serón
- Department of Neurology, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, P.O. Box 22660, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, P.O. Box 22660, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aeilko H Zwinderman
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Madelijn Geldhoff
- Department of Neurology, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, P.O. Box 22660, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arie van der Ende
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, P.O. Box 22660, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; The Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, P.O. Box 22660, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, P.O. Box 22660, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs C Brouwer
- Department of Neurology, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, P.O. Box 22660, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Department of Neurology, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, P.O. Box 22660, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Chakrabarti SK, Loua KM, Bai C, Durham H, Panisset JC. Modulation of monoamine oxidase activity in different brain regions and platelets following exposure of rats to methylmercury. Neurotoxicol Teratol 1998; 20:161-8. [PMID: 9536461 DOI: 10.1016/s0892-0362(97)00104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO; EC 1.4.3.4) is known to have an important role in the regulation of biogenic amines in the brain and peripheral tissues. It is also known that circulating platelets represent an excellent model for an easy assessment of the effect of MAO-B inhibitors in extracerebral tissue. The present study was carried out to determine the effects of methylmercury (MeHg) on the activity of MAO in synaptosomes of different brain regions of male Sprague-Dawley rats as well as in rat blood platelets both in vitro and in vivo. MeHg pretreatment inhibited the activity of MAO in the synaptosomes of the cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus, striatum, cerebellum, and brain stem in a concentration-dependent (0-10 microM) manner. The threshold concentration of MeHg for such inhibition in different brain synaptosomes was found to be the same (i.e., 1 microM) except for in the rat striatum it was 2.5 microM, and the IC50 value for MeHg was found to be around 2.1 microM. Significant inhibition of the MAO activity was also observed in synaptosomes of the cortex, cerebellum, hypothalamus, and hippocampus as well as in platelets of rats 24 h after treatment by gavage with a total cumulative dose of 35 mg/kg (5 mg/kg/day for 7 days). The decrease of such activity was found to be at maximum in different brain synaptosomes and platelets 24 h following treatment with a cumulative total dose of 75 mg/kg (7.5 mg/kg/day for 10 days); the treated animals showed signs of ataxia under these conditions. The data have further shown that methylmercury is capable of inhibiting the MAO activity in different brain synaptosomes to different degrees but without showing any specificity towards any specific brain region. The present in vivo results suggest that the platelet MAO activity may be used as a potential biomarker of early neurotoxicity due to repeated exposure to MeHg in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Chakrabarti
- Département de médecine du travail et d'hygiène du milieu, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Kitahama K, Maeda T, Denney RM, Jouvet M. Monoamine oxidase: distribution in the cat brain studied by enzyme- and immunohistochemistry: recent progress. Prog Neurobiol 1994; 42:53-78. [PMID: 7480787 DOI: 10.1016/0301-0082(94)90021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Localization of MAO-containing neurons, fibers and glial cells has been described by recent progress in MAO histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. It does not necessarily correspond to those containing monoamines. MAO-A is demonstrated in many noradrenergic cells, but it is hardly detectable in DA cells. Increase of 5-HT and DA concentration after inhibition of MAO-A indicates the possible existence of MAO-A in such neuronal structures. MAO-A is also undetectable in neurons containing 5-HT, a good substrate for MAO-A. These neurons contain MAO-B. There still remain contradictions to be solved in future. MAO is present in astroglial cells, in which monoamines released in extracellular space may be degraded. In glial cells, MAO may also play a role to regulate concentration of telemethylhistamine and trace amines. Such cells appear to transform MPTP to MPP+, a neurotoxin for nigral DA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kitahama
- Département de Médecine Expérimentale, CNRS URA1195, INSERM U52, Faculté de Médecine, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
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Riley LA, Denney RM. Problems with the measurement of monoamine oxidase A protein concentration in mitochondrial preparations. Revised molecular activities and implications for estimating ratios of MAO A:MAO B molecules from radiochemical assay data. Biochem Pharmacol 1991; 42:1953-9. [PMID: 1741773 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(91)90595-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There are significant discrepancies in the literature concerning the concentration of monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) from a number of tissue sources. Therefore, we compared the two principal techniques that have been used for quantitation of MAO A protein concentration: (1) titration of the enzyme with the MAO A-selective inhibitor clorgyline, and (2) saturation of the enzyme with [3H]-pargyline followed by immunoprecipitation with an MAO A-specific monoclonal antibody. To determine which of the two techniques was likely to yield more reliable values for MAO A, MAO A protein concentrations in the same preparations were determined by quantitative immunoblotting. [3H]Pargyline binding and quantitative immunoblotting yielded comparable values which were markedly lower than those obtained by titration of MAO A with unlabeled clorgyline. Therefore, clorgyline titration can seriously overestimate the concentration of MAO A protein in mitochondrial preparations. Since many literature values for the molecular activity of MAO A have relied upon enzyme concentrations determined by clorgyline binding, we reevaluated the molecular activities of MAO A and B for five important substrates. The ratio, MAO A molecular activity:MAO B molecular activity decreased in the order: serotonin (35:1) greater than tryptamine (12:1) greater than tyramine (3.3:1) greater than dopamine (2.4:1) greater than benzylamine (1:23). No comparable ratio was determined for beta-phenylethylamine because of its previously described substrate inhibition of MAO B, although it is oxidized faster by MAO B over a wide range of concentrations. Comparison of molecular activities and Km values for MAO A and B showed that with the exception of benzylamine and beta-phenylethylamine, MAO A oxidizes the other tested substrates faster than MAO B over a wide range of concentrations. Therefore, measured ratios of MAO A:MAO B activity are generally greater than the ratios of MAO A:MAO B molecules in the preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Riley
- Department of Human Biological Chemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550
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Kitahama K, Sallanon M, Lin JS, Maeda T, Jouvet M. Type B monoamine-oxidase-containing cells and fibers in the cat hypothalamus demonstrated by an improved enzyme histochemical method. J Comp Neurol 1989; 285:218-30. [PMID: 2760262 DOI: 10.1002/cne.902850205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study, using a diaminobenzidine (DAB)-coupled peroxidation method, examined the distribution and morphological characteristics of neuronal structures containing type B monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) in the cat hypothalamus. Large and intensely stained, distinctive MAO-B-positive cells, multipolar and with long dendritic arbors, were principally distributed in the ventral hypothalamus extending from A7 to A12.5 of the Horsley-Clarke plane. These cells were located caudally in the ventral surface of the brain including the tuberomamillary nucleus (TM) and the region surrounding the mamillary nuclei. Rostrally, they were aggregated in the area surrounding the fornix, particularly in the lateral perifornical region, and dispersed in the anterior mamillary nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area (HLA), and the medial tip of the entopeduncular nucleus. The most rostral positive cell group was identified in a narrow space between the optic tract and the entopeduncular nucleus at the A12.5 level. In addition to these large cells, the present study disclosed the presence of "small" to "very small" MAO-B-positive cells in the area surrounding the mamillary recess and the lateral part of the caudal arcuate nucleus. Distinct MAO-B-stained fibers were identified in all regions of the hypothalamus. A large number of thick labeled fibers were observed in the ventral hypothalamus including the TM and premamillary nucleus and posterior and lateral hypothalamic areas. A dense network of MAO-B-positive terminal-like fibers was observed in the dorsomedial nucleus where very small labeled cells were scattered. Many intensely stained thick and straight fibers were seen running ventrolaterally in the anterior part of the HLA and in the narrow space between the entopeduncular nucleus and optic tract. In the area of the tuber cinereum and the ventral part of the HLA, there were many positive fibers cut transversely, possibly projecting to the more anterior parts of the brain such as the diagonal band of Broca or septal nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kitahama
- Départment de Médecine Expérimentale, INSERM U52, CNRS UA1195, Faculté de Médecine, Lyon, France
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Kitahama K, Kimura H, Maeda T, Jouvet M. Distribution of two types of monoamine oxidase-containing neurons in the cat medulla oblongata demonstrated by an improved histochemical method. Neuroscience 1987; 20:991-9. [PMID: 3601070 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(87)90257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The topographic distribution of cells containing monoamine oxidase, the enzyme which deaminates amines, was studied in the cat medulla oblongata. By means of enzyme histochemistry using a new coupled peroxidation method, monoamine oxidase activity was demonstrated in the somata, dendrites and fibers. Type A monoamine oxidase, inhibited by clorgyline but not deprenyl, were localized in the cells distributed in the ventrolateral and dorsomedial medulla where catecholaminergic neurons are present. Type B monoamine oxidase-positive cell bodies were identified in the regions containing serotonergic neurons. Furthermore, we found an intense activity of type A monoamine oxidase in many cells of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus of the rostrocaudal extent, and more rostrally in the nucleus parvocellularis where few or no aminergic neurons have been described.
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Zychlinski L, Montgomery MR. Species differences in lung mitochondrial monoamine oxidase activities. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. C, COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 1987; 86:325-8. [PMID: 2882925 DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(87)90087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was examined in preparations from rat, rabbit and guinea-pig with 12 different amines as substrates: serotonin, norepinephrine, and octopamine (type A specific); tryptamine, benzylamine, 5-methoxytryptamine, 5-methyltryptamine, p-methoxyphenylethylamine, and 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine (type B specific); and tyramine, dopamine and 3-methoxytyramine (type A + B specific). The oxidation of type A and type A + B substrates was greater in guinea-pig lung mitochondria than in rat or rabbit preparations. Except for benzylamine, the oxidation of type B substrates was similar in all three species. Benzylamine was not oxidized by guinea-pig lung mitochondria but was actively metabolized by rat and rabbit preparations.
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Kitahama K, Arai R, Maeda T, Jouvet M. Demonstration of monoamine oxidase type B in serotonergic and type A in noradrenergic neurons in the cat dorsal pontine tegmentum by an improved histochemical technique. Neurosci Lett 1986; 71:19-24. [PMID: 3097589 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(86)90250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Application of a diaminobenzidine-coupled peroxidation method to monoamine oxidase (MAO) histochemistry demonstrates a detailed morphology of MAO-containing perikarya, dendrites, axons and fibers in the dorsal pontine tegmentum of the cat, sectioned with a vibratome. Further, utilization of specific inhibitors, deprenyl and clorgyline, also provides evidence that serotonergic neurons contain exclusively MAO-B and catecholaminergic ones contain MAO-A.
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Tsuji M. Measurement of platelet monoamine oxidase using three different substrates in patients with alcoholism and schizophrenia. FOLIA PSYCHIATRICA ET NEUROLOGICA JAPONICA 1985; 39:521-30. [PMID: 3833630 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.1985.tb00806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities in alcoholism and schizophrenia were investigated by means of simultaneous determination, using beta-phenyl-ethylamine, tryptamine and serotonin as substrates. No significant difference was found between the MAO levels in the alcoholic and schizophrenic groups, when tryptamine was used as a substrate, but both groups showed lower values than the controls. On the other hand, beta-phenylethylamine, a specific substrate for MAO B used as a substrate, showed no significant difference between the alcoholic and control groups in the activities. These two groups showed higher values in MAO activity than the schizophrenic group, whereas when MAO activity was estimated using serotonin, platelet enzyme was found to be inhibited significantly in alcoholism, and the level of activities in the schizophrenics was similar to that of the controls. Moreover, the beta-phenylethylamine inhibition curve obtained serotonin as the substrate in the pooled platelets of 50 normal human subjects, and the MAO activity could not be inhibited by higher concentrations than the Km value of serotonin. These findings suggested that there might be two interacting catabolic sites having different substrate affinities in blood platelet MAO. Thus, it could be speculated that serotonergic catabolic sites of MAO in the platelets are disturbed in the alcoholics, while beta-phenylethylaminergic catabolic sites of platelet MAO are inherently vulnerable in schizophrenia.
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Fowler CJ, Ross SB. Selective inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A and B: biochemical, pharmacological, and clinical properties. Med Res Rev 1984; 4:323-58. [PMID: 6379342 DOI: 10.1002/med.2610040303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Nohta H, Zaitsu K, Tsuruta Y, Ohkura Y. Fluorimetric assay for monoamine oxidases A and B by means of p-sulfamoylbenzylamine and benzylamine. Anal Chim Acta 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)85556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Glover V, Liebowitz J, Armando I, Sandler M. beta-Carbolines as selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors: in vivo implications. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 1982; 54:209-18. [PMID: 7130973 DOI: 10.1007/bf01254930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory action of a range of beta-carbolines on human and rat monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B has been studied. Concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine and phenylethylamine, approximately at their Km values, were used as substrates for MAO A and B respectively. A wide variation in selectivity was found, with harmaline being 10,000 times more potent an inhibitor of A than B whereas, using tetrahydro-beta-carboline and harmane, the difference was nearer to ten-fold. Of the carbolines which have been found endogenously, tetrahydro-beta-carboline, 6-methoxytetrahydro-beta-carboline and harmane are all sufficiently potent inhibitors of human MAO A, with I50 values of 5 X 10(-6), 10(-6), 5 X 10(-7) M respectively, for this property to be of possible physiological significance. Harmane, with an I50 of 5 X 10(-6) M, might also play a role as an inhibitor of MAO B.
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Keane PE, Menager J, Strolin Benedetti M. The effect of monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors on rat serum prolactin. Neuropharmacology 1981; 20:1157-62. [PMID: 7322290 DOI: 10.1016/0028-3908(81)90057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Suzuki O, Mizutani S, Katsumata Y, Oya M. Identification of type A monoamine oxidase in mouse and rabbit liver mitochondria. EXPERIENTIA 1981; 37:18-9. [PMID: 6781927 DOI: 10.1007/bf01965544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Type A monoamine oxidase was identified in liver mitochondria of mouse and rabbit. 5-Hydroxytryptamine was a common substrate for type A and type B monoamine oxidase in these enzyme preparations where its concentration was 1.0 mM.
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Tamir H, Bebirian R, Muller F, Casper D. Differences between intracellular platelet and brain proteins that bind serotonin. J Neurochem 1980; 35:1033-44. [PMID: 7452303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1980.tb07857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Two proteins with binding capacity highly specific for serotonin are present in the 100,000 g supernatant obtained from rat platelets: a glycoprotein and albumin. They were purified by means of (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, Sephadex sieve chromatography, and affinity column chromatography. The two proteins differed in most of their physical and chemical properties: (a) migration on 7.5% acrylamide gel of the complex (protein-Fe+2-[3H]serotonin); (b) molecular weight (sodium dodecyl sulfate gels); (c) carbohydrate reaction; (d) binding capacity and binding constants; (e) effect of reserpine; (f) heat stability; and (g) isoelectric point. However, they showed two similar properties: sensitivity to trypsin and dependence on Fe+2 for serotonin binding. The properties of both the glycoprotein and albumin differ considerably from those of serotonin binding protein of brain (SBP), which was not detected in platelets. Since brain serotonin binding protein is thought to be involved in storage of the amine, these results suggest that the storage form of serotonin in rat platelets is different from that in rat brain. These results also imply that the storage of serotonin in platelets may not serve as a model for the storage of serotonin in nerve terminals of the brain.
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Mosnaim AD, Silkaitis R, Wolf ME. Rabbit brain metabolism of phenylethylamine and tyramine: drug effects. Life Sci 1980; 27:557-66. [PMID: 7421412 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(80)90304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Lewinsohn R, Glover V, Sandler M. Development of benzylamine oxidase and monoamine oxidase A and B in man. Biochem Pharmacol 1980; 29:1221-30. [PMID: 7397007 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(80)90278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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β-Phenylethylamine and benzylamine as substrates for human monoamine oxidase A: A source of some anomalies? Biochem Pharmacol 1980; 29:777-81. [DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(80)90556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/1979] [Accepted: 09/27/1979] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Suzuki O, Hattori H, Oya M, Katsumata Y. Characteristics of monoamine oxidase in mitochondria isolated from chick brain, liver, kidney and heart. Biochem Pharmacol 1980; 29:603-7. [PMID: 7370053 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(80)90383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abstract
Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep measures were examined in 56 drug-free hospitalized patients with primary depression as defined by the Research Diagnostic Criteria. The group included 35 females and 21 males with a mean age of 42.6 +/- 1.4 years. Platelet MAO and EEG sleep data were compared for the group as a whole and separately for the unipolar, bipolar, male, and female subgroups. No significant relationships could be demonstrated for the entire group or for the unipolar, male, or female subgroups. However, an inverse relationship between MAO activity and REM sleep percent was noted in the bipolar subgroup (p < 0.02). While changes in REM sleep have been relatively firmly established in primary depression, the relationship of MAO to depression and to REM sleep remains unclear.
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Kunimoto N, Hazama H, Kamase H. Regional distribution of type B monoamine oxidase activity towards beta-phenylethylamine in the individual rat hypothalamic nuclei. Brain Res 1979; 176:175-9. [PMID: 487173 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(79)90882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Böhm KH, Glover V, Sandler M. Do rat tissues possess 5-hydroxytryptamine-oxidizing activity distinct from monoamine oxidase A? J Neurochem 1979; 33:607-9. [PMID: 469550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1979.tb05198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Edwards DJ, Koon Yan Pak, Venetti MC. Developmental aspects of rat heart monoamine oxidase. Biochem Pharmacol 1979; 28:2337-43. [PMID: 497016 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(79)90697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Feldman JM. Effect of chronic hyperserotoninemia on platelet monoamine oxidase activity and serotonin uptake. BIOCHEMICAL MEDICINE 1979; 21:299-310. [PMID: 496921 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2944(79)90084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Achee FM, Gabay S. Studies of monoamine oxidases. Inhibition of bovine brain MAO in intact mitochondria by tricyclic antidepressant drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 1979; 28:1197-203. [PMID: 444277 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(79)90328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Roth JA. Benzylhydrazine--a selective inhibitor of human and rat brain monoamine oxidase. Biochem Pharmacol 1979; 28:729-32. [PMID: 454471 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(79)90349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Iron Deficiency: Behavior and Brain Biochemistry. Nutrition 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-7210-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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28
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Kim JS, Hirano M, Uchimura H, Saito M, Matsumoto T, Nakahara T. High proportions of type B monoamine oxidase in the discrete circumventricular regions of the rat. J Neurochem 1979; 32:253-6. [PMID: 759580 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1979.tb04540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Young JG, Cohen DJ, Roth JA. Association between platelet monoamine oxidase activity and hematocrit in childhood autism. Life Sci 1978; 23:797-806. [PMID: 703518 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(78)90514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Winter H, Herschel M, Propping P, Friedl W, Vogel F. A twin study on three enzymes (DBH, COMT, MAO) of catecholamine metabolism. Correlations with MMPI. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1978; 57:63-9. [PMID: 96471 DOI: 10.1007/bf00426959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ina a sample of 48 healthy adult male twin pairs (24 MZ, 24 DZ) the activities of DBH (serum), COMT (red blood cells), and MAO (platelets) were determined. The twins had undergone a detailed psychodiagnostic test procedure before. Interindividual variability of enzyme activities is almost exclusively genetically determined. No correlation between enzyme activities within one subject is found. Correlations between enzyme activities and MMPI test scores were calculated. As in a comparable investigation by Murphy et al. (1977), negative correlations between MAO activity and MMPI scores prevailed.
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Lyles GA, Greenawalt JW. Possible heterogeneity of type B monoamine oxidase in pig heart mitochondria. Biochem Pharmacol 1978; 27:923-35. [PMID: 656140 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(78)90420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Edwards DJ, Malsbury CW. Characteristics of monoamine oxidases in brain and other organs of the golden hamster. Biochem Pharmacol 1978; 27:959-63. [PMID: 656143 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(78)90425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Student AK, Edwards DJ. Subcellular localization of types A and B monoamine oxidase in rat brain. Biochem Pharmacol 1977; 26:2337-42. [PMID: 597322 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(77)90437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Quiring K, Hubertus S. Monoamine oxidase in rat reticulocytes: subcellular localization and identification of isoenzymes. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 1977; 300:273-9. [PMID: 202882 DOI: 10.1007/bf00500970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
After "chemically induced reticulocytosis" in rats by treatment with acetyl-phenylhydrazide, monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities were determined in erythrocyte preparations of these animals. Studies on subcellular fractions obtained by differential centrifugation showed that the enzyme activity of rat reticulocytes is a classical mitochondrial MAO. The patterns of inhibition produced by clorgyline (A-type MAO), deprenil (B-type MAO) and pargyline or tranylcypromine (both types of MAO) in reticulocytes were determined in vitro using tryptamine as a substrate for both types of MAO and phenylethylamine as a substrate for the B-type. The results indicate that both A-type (approximately 75%) and B-type (approximately 25%) MAO are present in rat reticulocytes; while tryptamine was mainly deaminated by the A-type enzyme, both types of MAO were shown to contribute to the deamination of phenylethylamine. These findings were confirmed in investigations on the thermostabilities of the tryptamine and phenylethylamine deaminating activities of rat reticulocyte MAO.
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Abstract
The developmental changes in monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities towards 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and beta-phenylethylamine (PEA) in chick retina were investigated. The whole pattern of the developmental changes in MAO activity towards 5-HT was similar to that towards PEA, even though the activity towards 5-HT was much lower than that towards PEA during the period from the 12th day of incubation to the 14th day after hatching. The MAO activities on the 12th day of incubation were low and increased remarkably until the 18th day of incubation. Then they remained unchanged until the 7th day after hatching; therefore, they decreased. The activities measured on the 14th day after hatching are on the same level as those of an adult. The multiplicity of MAO in the retinae of a chick on the 12th day of incubation and of an adult was also studied with specific inhibitors. The result showed that the major part of MAO in chick retina is type B enzyme; that type A MAO in the retina of an adult is, however, relatively higher than that in the retina of the embryo on the 12th day of incubation. It was found that an appreciable amount of MAO activity towards 5-HT in chick retina is due to type B MAO.
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Edwards DJ, Malsbury CW. Distribution of types A and B monoamine oxidases in discrete brain regions, pineal and pituitary glands of the golden hamster. Life Sci 1977; 21:1009-14. [PMID: 927016 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(77)90268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Groshong R, Gibson DA, Baldessarini RJ. Monoamine oxidase activity in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Clin Chim Acta 1977; 80:113-20. [PMID: 908136 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(77)90270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Skin fibroblast cultures were prepared from 21 men, and found to contain types A and B activity of monoamine oxidase, with a possible slight predominance of type A, as evaluated by substrate preferences and differential inhibition by clorgyline and deprenyl. Three women had similar activities. There was a close correlation of activities with different substrates, but there was no quantitative correlation between fibroblast and blood platelet enzyme (type B) activities. The fibroblasts also contained catechol-O-methyltransferase activity exceeding, but poorly correlated with, that in erythrocytes. Fibroblasts may be advantageous in studies of monoamine oxidase in man by providing both types of enzyme as found, for example, in the central nervous system, and by providing a means of removing many in vivo chemical influences from the cells in culture. Nevertheless, great caution must be exercised in generalizing results of this "model" to other tissues, since activities of both enzymes correlated poorly with those in blood cells of the same individuals.
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Nyholm-Poulsen L, Squires RF. Some properties of particle-bound monoamine oxidase from human whole blood. Biochem Pharmacol 1977; 26:1444-5. [PMID: 20105 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(77)90372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Donnelly CH, Murphy DL. Substrate- and inhibitor-related characteristics of human platelet monoamine oxidase. Biochem Pharmacol 1977; 26:853-8. [PMID: 861051 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(77)90398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Jounela AJ, Mattila MJ, Knoll J. Interaction of selective inhibitors of monoamine oxidase with pethidine in rabbits. Biochem Pharmacol 1977; 26:806-8. [PMID: 856214 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(77)90233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
The tricyclic antidepressant drug, amitriptyline, inhibited the B form of human brain mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) under normal atmospheric conditions in a noncompetitive manner when phenylethylamine (PEA) was used as substrate and competitively when benzylamine (BzNH2) was employed as substrate. In addition, it was also found that PEA and BzNH2 inhibited each other's degradation noncompetitively. Similar results have previously been reported with human platelet MAO. These data suggest that the catalytic binding sites for PEA and BzNH2 on the B form of human brain MAO may be different. Attempts were made to further distinguish these catalytic binding sites on the brain oxidase using the irreversible MAO inhibitors, pargyline and clorgyline. Though these drugs have considerably different affinities for the B form of the oxidase, the degree to which either compound inhibited PEA or BzNH2 deamination was essentially identical. When incubations were performed at elevated oxygen concentrations PEA and BzNH2 became mutually competitive inhibitors of each other's metabolism. Also at the higher levels of oxygen, amitriptyline inhibition of PEA deamination approached a competitive fashion. These results suggest that PEA and BzNH2 share a common catalytic binding site on the B form of MAO and, in addition, bind to an inhibitory site on the reduced form of the oxidase. Accordingly, the data indicate that amitriptyline also binds to both the oxidized and reduced forms of this human brain oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Roth
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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