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Filatova E, Kasian A, Kolomin T, Rybalkina E, Alieva A, Andreeva L, Limborska S, Myasoedov N, Pavlova G, Slominsky P, Shadrina M. GABA, Selank, and Olanzapine Affect the Expression of Genes Involved in GABAergic Neurotransmission in IMR-32 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:89. [PMID: 28293190 PMCID: PMC5328971 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that Selank had an anxiolytic effect comparable to that of classical benzodiazepine drugs, which can enhance the inhibitory effect of GABA by allosteric modulation of GABAA receptors. These data suggest that the molecular mechanism of the effect of Selank may also be related to its ability to affect the performance of the GABAergic system. To test this hypothesis, we studied the changes in expression of 84 genes involved in the functioning of the GABAergic system and in the processes of neurotransmission in the culture of neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells using qPCR method. As test substances, in addition to Selank, we selected the major GABAA receptor ligand, GABA, the atypical antipsychotic, olanzapine, and combinations of these compounds (Selank and GABA; Selank and olanzapine). We found no changes in the mRNA levels of the genes studied under the effect of Selank. The combined effect of GABA and Selank led to nearly complete suppression of changes in expression of genes in which mRNA levels changed under the effect of GABA. When Selank was used in conjunction with olanzapine, the expression alterations of more genes were observed compared with olanzapine alone. The data obtained indicate that Selank has no direct effect on the mRNA levels of the GABAergic system genes in neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells. At the same time, our results partially confirm the hypothesis that the peptide may affect the interaction of GABA with GABAA receptors. Our data also suggest that Selank may enhance the effect of olanzapine on the expression of the genes studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Filatova
- Department of Molecular Basis of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Kasian
- Department of Molecular Basis of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Kolomin
- Department of Molecular Basis of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Rybalkina
- Laboratory of Tumor Cells Genetics, Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Moscow, Russia
| | - Anelya Alieva
- Department of Molecular Basis of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Andreeva
- Department of Chemistry of Physiologically Active Compounds, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Limborska
- Department of Molecular Basis of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay Myasoedov
- Department of Chemistry of Physiologically Active Compounds, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Pavlova
- Group of Neurogenetics and Developmental Genetics, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr Slominsky
- Department of Molecular Basis of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Shadrina
- Department of Molecular Basis of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
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Regulation of M1-receptor mRNA stability by smilagenin and its significance in improving memory of aged rats. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 31:1010-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2007] [Revised: 05/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Seo JS, Kim MS, Park EM, Ahn SJ, Kim NY, Jung SH, Kim JW, Lee HH, Chung JK. Cloning and characterization of muscarinic receptor genes from the nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Mol Cells 2009; 27:383-90. [PMID: 19326086 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-009-0048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the regulatory mechanism underlying the contractile response in the intestinal smooth muscle of the nile tilapia (Orechromis niloticus), we used pharmacologic and molecular approaches to identify the muscarinic subreceptors and the intracellular signaling pathways involved in this motility. Myography assays revealed that an M1- and M3-subtype selective antagonist, but not a M2-subtype selective antagonist, inhibited carbachol HCI (CCH)-induced intestinal smooth muscle contraction. In addition, a phospholipase C inhibitor, but not an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, blocked the contractile response to CCH. We also cloned five muscarinic genes (OnM2A, OnM2B, OnM3, OnM5A, and OnM5B) from the nile tilapia. In the phylogenetic analysis and sequence comparison to compare our putative gene products (OnMs) with the sequences obtained from the near complete teleost genomes, we unexpectedly found that the teleost fish have respectively two paralogous genes corresponding to each muscarinic subreceptor, and other teleost fish, except zebrafish, do not possess muscarinic subreceptor M1. In addition, the expression pattern of the nile tilapia muscarinic subreceptor transcripts during CCH-induced intestinal smooth muscle contraction in the proximal intestinal tissue was analyzed by real-time PCR surveys and it was demonstrated that CCH increased the OnMs m RNA expression rapidly and transiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Soo Seo
- Pathology Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 619-902, Korea
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Watanabe T, Matsumoto M, Toji S, Miyagawa I. Effects of estrogen on age-related changes in muscarinic responsiveness of the urinary bladder and lumbosacral dorsal root ganglion cells in female rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 318:53-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kong D, Wang Z, Sarkar SH, Li Y, Banerjee S, Saliganan A, Kim HRC, Cher ML, Sarkar FH. Platelet-derived growth factor-D overexpression contributes to epithelial-mesenchymal transition of PC3 prostate cancer cells. Stem Cells 2008; 26:1425-35. [PMID: 18403754 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The majority of human malignancies are believed to have epithelial origin, and the progression of cancer is often associated with a transient process named epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is characterized by the loss of epithelial markers and the gain of mesenchymal markers that are typical of "cancer stem-like cells," which results in increased cell invasion and metastasis in vivo. Therefore, it is important to uncover the mechanistic role of factors that may induce EMT in cancer progression. Studies have shown that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling contributes to EMT, and more recently, PDGF-D has been shown to regulate cancer cell invasion and angiogenesis. However, the mechanism by which PDGF-D promotes invasion and metastases and whether it is due to the acquisition of EMT phenotype remain elusive. For this study, we established stably transfected PC3 cells expressing high levels of PDGF-D, which resulted in the significant induction of EMT as shown by changes in cellular morphology concomitant with the loss of E-cadherin and zonula occludens-1 and gain of vimentin. We also found activation of mammalian target of rapamycin and nuclear factor-kappaB, as well as Bcl-2 overexpression, in PDGF-D PC3 cells, which was associated with enhanced adhesive and invasive behaviors. More importantly, PDGF-D-overexpressing PC3 cells showed tumor growth in SCID mice much more rapidly than PC3 cells. These results provided a novel mechanism by which PDGF-D promotes EMT, which in turn increases tumor growth, and these results further suggest that PDGF-D could be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and/or treatment of prostate cancer. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejuan Kong
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Shinbori C, Saito M, Kinoshita Y, Satoh I, Kono T, Hanada T, Nanba E, Adachi K, Suzuki H, Yamada M, Satoh K. N-hexacosanol reverses diabetic induced muscarinic hypercontractility of ileum in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 545:177-84. [PMID: 16872599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2006] [Revised: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy, a major complication of diabetes mellitus, is associated with development of gastrointestinal motility dysfunction and autonomic neuropathy. N-hexacosanol has neurotrophic effects and exhibits a wide variety of biological actions. In this study, we investigated the effects of cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol (N-hexacosanol) on streptozotocin-diabetic hypercontractility in the rat ileum longitudinal muscles. Treatment with N-hexacosanol did not alter the diabetic status of the animals, i.e., body weight, serum glucose, and serum insulin levels, but significantly restored the thickness of intestine wall and ameliorated diabetes-induced hypercontractility of the rat ileum in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, N-hexacosanol reversed the diabetes-induced upregulation of intestinal muscarinic M(2) and M(3) receptors mRNAs in the streptozotocin-diabetic rats. These results indicate that N-hexacosanol has therapeutic effects on hypercontractility in the diabetic ileum by ameliorating overexpression of muscarinic M(2) and M(3) receptors mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiko Shinbori
- Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishimachi, Yonago, 683-8503 Japan
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Ability of cyclohexenonic long-chain fatty alcohol to reverse diabetes-induced cystopathy in the rat. Eur Urol 2006; 51:479-87; discussion 487-8. [PMID: 16842904 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2006.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the ability of 3-(15 hydroxypentadecyl)-2,4,4-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen 1-one (N-hexacosanol), a neurotrophic substance, to reverse diabetes-induced cystopathy in the rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into four age-matched groups. In three of these groups, diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ; 50mg/kg intraperitoneal [IP]). Four weeks after the induction of diabetes, the three groups received another 4 weeks of treatment by vehicle or N-hexacosanol (2 or 8 mg/kg IP every day). The serum glucose and serum insulin levels were determined, and the bladder functions were estimated by voiding behavior studies, cystometric studies, and functional studies using carbachol and KCl. The participation levels of M(2) and M(3) receptors were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining. Typical hematoxylin-eosin staining was also performed. RESULTS Treatment with N-hexacosanol did not alter the rats' diabetic status, but did significantly improve the diabetes-induced dysfunction of the detrusor in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, N-hexacosanol significantly reversed the upregulation of muscarinic M(2) and M(3) receptor messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in STZ-diabetic rats. Muscarinic M(2) and M(3) receptors were localized in detrusor and urothelium, and there was no difference between any of the groups in the distribution of muscarinic M(2) and M(3) receptors. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that N-hexacosanol has a beneficial effect on hyperreactivity in the diabetic detrusor by ameliorating overexpression of muscarinic M(2) and M(3) receptor mRNAs.
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Bairam A, Joseph V, Lajeunesse Y, Kinkead R. Developmental pattern of M1 and M2 muscarinic gene expression and receptor levels in cat carotid body, petrosal and superior cervical ganglion. Neuroscience 2006; 139:711-21. [PMID: 16457956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2005] [Revised: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 12/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Northern blot, and Western blot analyses, we evaluated the developmental pattern of mRNA and protein expression level of muscarinic M1 and M2 receptors in the carotid body, petrosal ganglion and superior cervical ganglion of 1-day, 15-day, 2-month-old and adult cats. mRNA expression and protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate limiting enzyme for dopamine synthesis, were also assessed. Carotid body M1 receptor mRNA, increased significantly by approximately 100% and 300% in 2-month and adult vs. 1- and 15-day-old cats, but protein level decreased gradually being approximately 50% lower compared with 1-day-old cats. In the petrosal ganglion, muscarinic M1 receptor mRNA level was higher in 15-day-old cats vs. 1-day-old, 2-month-old and adult cats and protein levels were about 30% lower than in 1- and 15-day-old cats. In the superior cervical ganglion, muscarinic M1 receptor mRNA was approximately 50% and 80% higher in 2-month-old and adult cats than 1- and 15-day-old, but no changes in the protein level except in 15-day-old cats which was approximately 40% higher than 1-day-old. There was no change of muscarinic M2 receptor mRNA or protein level in the carotid body or petrosal ganglion. However, in the superior cervical ganglion, the significant increase of mRNA of 30% and 50% in 2-month-olds and adults, respectively was not associated with an increase in receptor protein. Tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA and protein level decreased significantly with age in the carotid body and petrosal ganglion. In the superior cervical ganglion, the age dependent increase in tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA was not associated with any changes in the protein level. These results show that the expression of muscarinic M1 and M2 receptors are age and organ-dependent in cats. Consequently, these changes may modulate chemosensory activity during development since muscarinic M1 receptor is predominantly involved in postsynaptic chemosensory activity, while muscarinic M2 receptor modulates acetylcholine and dopamine release from chemosensitive cells.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Blotting, Northern/methods
- Blotting, Western/methods
- Carotid Body/growth & development
- Carotid Body/metabolism
- Cats
- Corpus Striatum/growth & development
- Corpus Striatum/metabolism
- Ganglia, Parasympathetic/growth & development
- Ganglia, Parasympathetic/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Muscarinic M1/genetics
- Receptor, Muscarinic M1/metabolism
- Receptor, Muscarinic M2/genetics
- Receptor, Muscarinic M2/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Superior Cervical Ganglion/growth & development
- Superior Cervical Ganglion/metabolism
- Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/genetics
- Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bairam
- Unité de recherche en périnatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Département de Pédiatrie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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9
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Mansfield KJ, Liu L, Mitchelson FJ, Moore KH, Millard RJ, Burcher E. Muscarinic receptor subtypes in human bladder detrusor and mucosa, studied by radioligand binding and quantitative competitive RT-PCR: changes in ageing. Br J Pharmacol 2005; 144:1089-99. [PMID: 15723094 PMCID: PMC1576093 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1. We investigated muscarinic receptors in the detrusor and mucosa of the human bladder body. Radioligand-binding studies with [(3)H]QNB were conducted using specimens collected from patients (36-77 years) with normal bladder function, undergoing surgery. For RT-PCR, biopsies of normal bladder were obtained from patients (30-88 years) undergoing check cystoscopy. 2. Binding of [(3)H]QNB in detrusor (n=20) was of high affinity (K(D) 77.1 (55.2-99.0) pM) and capacity (B(max) 181+/-7 fmol mg protein(-1)). Similar values were obtained in mucosa (n=6) (K(D) 100.5 (41.2-159.9) pM; B(max) 145+/-9 fmol mg protein(-1)). 3. Competition-binding experiments in detrusor membranes with muscarinic receptor antagonists including trospium, darifenacin, 4-DAMP, methoctramine, AQ-RA 741, AF-DX 116 and pirenzepine indicated a receptor population of 71% M(2), 22% M(3) and 7% M(1). In the mucosa, 75% of sites were M(2) receptors, with 25% M(3)/M(5). 4. Using RT-PCR, expression of M(1), M(2), M(3) and M(5) mRNA was demonstrated in both detrusor and mucosa. 5. The presence of a high density of mainly M(2) muscarinic receptors in the mucosa appears to be a novel finding and raises the question of their physiological significance and the source of their endogenous ligand. 6. There was a negative correlation of receptor number (B(max)) with age in detrusor muscle from male patients (P=0.02). Quantitative competitive RT-PCR demonstrated a selective age-related decrease in mRNA for muscarinic M(3) but not M(2) receptors, in both male (P<0.0001) and female (P=0.019) detrusor. These findings correspond with reports of decreased detrusor contractility with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie J Mansfield
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Frederick J Mitchelson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kate H Moore
- Detrusor Muscle Laboratory, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Richard J Millard
- Department of Urology, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Burcher
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Author for correspondence:
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Sohara N, Trojanowska M, Reuben A. Oncostatin M stimulates tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 via a MEK-sensitive mechanism in human myofibroblasts. J Hepatol 2002; 36:191-9. [PMID: 11830330 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(01)00265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We previously showed that in cultured human myofibroblasts (hMFBs), Oncostatin M (OSM)-stimulated collagen accumulation is associated with increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)1 message. However, the mechanism is unknown. METHODS hMFBs were isolated by outgrowth from cirrhotic liver explants and cultured. Using OSM (10 ng/ml) stimulation, with and without PD98059 (PD, a specific mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-related kinase (MEK) inhibitor), we measured: TIMP-1 protein in culture medium by Western blot, TIMP-1 mRNA levels and stability by Northern analysis, TIMP-1 promoter activity (including transcription site mutation analysis), DNA binding activity to nuclear proteins by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and total and phosphorylated MAP kinase in hMFB extracts by Western blot. RESULTS OSM stimulation of hMFBs increased TIMP-1 protein production 1.69-fold, TIMP-1 mRNA levels 2.36-fold, promoter activity 2.22-fold, TIMP-1 message stability, and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). PD inhibited OSM-mediated stimulation of TIMP-1 protein, mRNA, promoter activity, phosphorylation of MAPK, and TIMP-1 message stability. An SP-1 transcription site of the TIMP-1 promoter is essential for OSM induction of TIMP-1 promoter activity. EMSA demonstrates that this site binds to transcriptional factors SP-1 and SP-3. CONCLUSIONS OSM stimulates the TIMP-1 axis in hMFBs in vitro via a MEK-MAP kinase cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naondo Sohara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 210, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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11
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The Regulation and Localization of Angiopoietin-1, -2, and Their Receptor Tie2 in Normal and Pathologic Human Placentae. Mol Med 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03401869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Janossy A, Saez JM, Li JY. Carbachol induces homologous steroidogenic refractoriness of bovine fasciculata-reticularis cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2001; 172:147-55. [PMID: 11165048 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(00)00374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently it was shown that the cholinergic agonist carbachol stimulates cortisol production in bovine ZFR cells via muscarinic receptor M(3). In the present study, we investigated the effect of chronic cholinergic stimulation on steroidogenic response and muscarinic receptor regulation in ZFR cells. Cortisol secretion of ZFR cells treated with 10(-4) M of carbachol decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The carbachol-elicited loss of response was associated with a decrease in M(3) receptor number, which was also time- and dose-dependent. The down-regulation of the receptors was not associated with the decrease of M(3) receptor mRNA level. The marked steroidogenic desensitization caused by pretreatment of carbachol did not alter ACTH or angiotensin II activated steroid response. Northern blot analysis showed that carbachol pretreatment did not change the gene expression of P450scc, P450cl7, 3betaHSD and StAR mRNAs. These results suggest that carbachol induces homologous steroidogenic refractoriness of ZFR cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Janossy
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 67, H-1450, Budapest, Hungary.
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Dumas P, Sun Y, Corbeil G, Tremblay S, Pausova Z, Kren V, Krenova D, Pravenec M, Hamet P, Tremblay J. Mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) of differential stress gene expression in rat recombinant inbred strains. J Hypertens 2000; 18:545-51. [PMID: 10826556 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200018050-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stress has been shown to be a major environmental contributor to cardiovascular diseases through its effects on blood pressure variability and cardiac function. The cellular stress response is characterized by the expression of specific heat stress genes (hsps), under the transcriptional control of heat shock transcription factors (HSTFs). The levels of hsp mRNA depend on the severity of the stress, with hstf1 acting as a stress sensor. The aim of this work was to evaluate the genetic contribution of the variability in hsp expression, and to identify its putative quantitative trait loci (QTL). METHODS Twenty recombinant inbred rat strains (RIS) were studied. The animals underwent a standardized, identical 1 h immobilization stress in restraint cages, followed by 1 h of rest before sacrifice. Total RNA was extracted from the heart kidneys and adrenals, and the mRNA levels of hsp27, hsp70, hsp84, hsp86 and hsp105 were measured. The strain distribution pattern (SDP) of hsp expression was correlated with that of 475 polymorphic markers distributed throughout the RIS genome. A polymorphism of rat hstf1 in RIS was used for its mapping in RIS. RESULTS Despite an identical stress being applied to all strains, hsp expression showed up to a 1 2-fold gradient with little intra-strain variability, indicative of a strong genetic contribution to the trait Heritability ranged from 50 to 77% for most hsp genes in the three target organs. The continuous SDP of stress gene expression indicated the polygenic nature of the trait A common locus on chromosome 7 (at D7Cebrp187s3 marker) was consistently associated with all hsp expression in most of the organs [with a likelihood of odds (LOD) score of 3.0 for hsp27 expression]. We have mapped rat hstf1 on chromosome 7 at the same locus. Finally, the D4Mit19 marker was significantly associated with hsp84 expression in the heart (LOD score of 3.1). CONCLUSION Two loci were linked with the differential expression of HSPs in response to immobilization stress in target organs of RIS. The chromosome 7 locus unveiled for all HSPs could explain up to 42% of the observed inter-strain variability of hsp levels in response to stress. We propose hstf1 as a positional candidate at this locus.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenal Glands/metabolism
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Chromosome Mapping
- Crosses, Genetic
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- Kidney/metabolism
- Male
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Quantitative Trait, Heritable
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred BN
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Recombination, Genetic
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Stress, Physiological/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dumas
- CHUM Research Centre, Universitê de Montrêal, Quêbec, Canada
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Lee NH, Malek RL. Nerve growth factor regulation of m4 muscarinic receptor mRNA stability but not gene transcription requires mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:22317-25. [PMID: 9712850 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.35.22317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) up-regulated steady-state levels of m4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) mRNA in PC12 cells. Up-regulation of mRNA levels was associated with a corresponding increase in mAChR binding sites. Two other growth factors, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), up-regulated m4 mRNA and mAChR binding sites. Treatment of PC12 cells with NGF and bFGF, but not EGF, has previously been demonstrated to result in sustained activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Analogously, NGF and bFGF, but not EGF, increased the stability of m4 mRNA in PC12 cells. In HER-PC12 cells, a clonal PC12 cell transfectant overexpressing EGF receptors and displaying sustained MAPK activation upon receptor stimulation, EGF treatment stabilized the m4 transcript. A synthetic inhibitor of MAPK kinase, PD98059, inhibited growth factor-induced stabilization of the m4 transcript in both PC12 and HER-PC12 cells. These findings demonstrate that the MAPK pathway is involved in transcript stabilization. Cycloheximide pretreatment abolished the post-transcriptional effect of NGF, indicating that de novo protein synthesis was required for the observed increase in m4 mRNA stability. By contrast, cycloheximide had no discernible post-transcriptional effect if added after NGF treatment, suggesting that an inducible yet stable protein factor was involved in m4 mRNA decay. An unusually well conserved 137 nucleotides of m4 3'-untranslated region has been identified by sequence comparison with other mRNAs that are post-transcriptionally regulated by NGF. In PC12 cells that heterologously overexpress this region, we demonstrate that NGF no longer stabilizes endogenous m4 mRNA. This conserved region probably represents an NGF-responsive element involved in mRNA stability regulation. Finally, transcription of the m4 gene can be induced by all three growth factors but is not dependent on MAPK activity, unlike growth factor-induced m4 mRNA stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
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Najimi M, Souazé F, Méndez M, Hermans E, Berbar T, Rostène W, Forgez P. Activation of receptor gene transcription is required to maintain cell sensitization after agonist exposure. Study on neurotensin receptor. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:21634-41. [PMID: 9705296 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.34.21634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin (NT) acts through specific G protein-coupled receptors to induce effects in the central nervous system and periphery. In this study we have shown that in the human neuroblastoma cell line CHP 212, an NT agonist, JMV 449, induced high affinity neurotensin receptor (NTR) gene activation. 125I-NT binding of cells challenged with JMV 449 rapidly decreased then reappeared and subsequently stabilized at 50% of the control values after 48 h of agonist exposure. These receptors, which reappeared at the cell surface, are as active as those found in control cells as demonstrated by Ca2+ mobilization. Furthermore, the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene, a known NT target gene, remained activated after prolonged NT agonist exposure in this cell line. In the murine neuroblastoma cell line, N1E-115, NT did not stimulate NTR gene activation but induced NTR mRNA destabilization after long term agonist exposure. In this cell line, NT binding dropped to 15% of control values and remained at this value after agonist treatment. The TH expression, which was originally activated upon NT agonist exposure, decreased to control values after prolonged agonist exposure. These observations combined with the data obtained from a complementary study with HT-29 cells (Souazé, F., Rostène, W., and Forgez, P. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 10087-10094) revealed the crucial role of agonist-induced receptor gene transcription in the maintenance of cell sensitivity. A model for G protein-coupled receptor regulation induced by prolong and intense agonist stimulation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Najimi
- INSERM U339, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
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Haddad EB, Rousell J, Mak JC, Barnes PJ. Long-term carbachol treatment-induced down-regulation of muscarinic M2-receptors but not m2 receptor mRNA in a human lung cell line. Br J Pharmacol 1995; 116:2027-32. [PMID: 8640341 PMCID: PMC1908958 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb16407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of muscarinic receptor gene expression are poorly understood. We have investigated the effect of homologous stimulation on the regulation of M2 muscarinic receptor protein and gene in human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HEL 299 cells). 2. Saturation studies performed with the non-selective hydrophilic ([3H]-N-methyl-scopolamine, [3H]-NMS) and lipophilic (3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate, [3H]-QNB) muscarinic antagonists revealed a single class of high affinity binding sites. 3. Carbachol (1 mM) induced a rapid down-regulation of [3H]-NMS binding sites. Within 12 h, the process had approached steady state with 40 to 60% loss of receptors at 12 and 24 h. 4. The loss of [3h]-QNB binding sites (40% reduction at 24 h) occurred at a slower rate than did loss of [3H]-NMS binding sites as a result of receptor sequestration. 5. Carbachol treatment was accompanied by a functional desensitization of the receptor after 24 h of agonist treatment. In untreated cells, forskolin induced a large increase in cyclic AMP accumulation which was inhibited significantly by carbachol. The inhibitory effect of carbachol on forskolin-induced cyclic AMP accumulation was lost following 24 h carbachol stimulation. 6. The steady state level of muscarinic m2 mRNA measured by Northern blot analysis was not affected by carbachol had no effect on the stability of m2 mRNA. 7. The rate of transcription of m2 muscarinic receptor gene as measured by nuclear RNA run-on assay was unaltered by carbachol stimulation. 8. These results suggest that homologous sequestration, desensitization, and down-regulation of M2 modifications of m2 muscarinic receptor mRNAs.
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MESH Headings
- Binding, Competitive
- Blotting, Northern
- Carbachol/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Dactinomycin/pharmacology
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/cytology
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Humans
- Lung/cytology
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/embryology
- Muscarinic Agonists/metabolism
- N-Methylscopolamine
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Muscarinic M2
- Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects
- Receptors, Muscarinic/genetics
- Receptors, Muscarinic/metabolism
- Scopolamine Derivatives/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Haddad
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, London
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