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Hong CHL, Dean DR, Hull K, Hu SJ, Sim YF, Nadeau C, Gonçalves S, Lodi G, Hodgson TA. World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Relative frequency of oral mucosal lesions in children, a scoping review. Oral Dis 2019; 25 Suppl 1:193-203. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine H. L. Hong
- Discipline of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - David R. Dean
- Department of Oral Medicine University of Washington School of Dentistry Seattle United States of America
| | - Katrusha Hull
- Department of Oral Medicine The Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Shi Jia Hu
- Discipline of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Yu Fan Sim
- Faculty of Dentistry National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Christine Nadeau
- Faculté de Médecine Dentaire de l’Université Laval Quebec City Canada
| | - Sandra Gonçalves
- Department of Oral Medicine Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Sheffield UK
| | - Giovanni Lodi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
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Mabry TR. Prevention of Dental Disease. Pediatr Dent 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-60826-8.00039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Preview Even though the oral cavity is one of the most accessible areas for examination, oral cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Why is this so, and how can this tendency be reversed? In this article, Dr Alvi stresses the importance of education of both physicians and patients in achieving the goal of earlier diagnosis. He also discusses warning signs of cancerous oral lesions, diagnosis, and treatment choices.
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Abdullah Jaber M. Dental practitioner's knowledge, opinions and methods of management of oral premalignancy and malignancy. Saudi Dent J 2011; 23:29-36. [PMID: 23960499 PMCID: PMC3723265 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study outlines the results of a pilot study to determine the knowledge and awareness of a cohort of dentists in United Arab Emirates (UAE) regarding aetiology, clinical features and appropriate early management of oral premalignant and malignant lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A self-administered questionnaire was constructed and posted to 300 UAE Dental Practitoners (DPs), selected randomly from the register of Emirates Dental Association. The present report details the responses of this cohort. RESULTS 182 questionnaires were completed and returned (response rate 60.6%). One hundred and twenty-seven (69.8%) of the responding dentists were male and the median age of the DPs was 40 years (range 24-75 years). The majority (84%) practised or had practised in or around Dubai and Sharjah, 75% had graduated from a dental school after 1980. Eighty-two respondents (45.0%) had attended specific courses on premalignant or malignant oral lesions. During their undergraduate training 70% of DPs had witnessed more than 10 patients with oral SCC. Only 60.4% of respondents indicated that the tobacco and alcohol use were the principle causes of oral SCC while 19.7% suggested that HIV disease was a risk factor for oral SCC. 29% of DPs routinely recorded the tobacco or alcohol use of their patients and only 3.8% offered advice to patients regarding modification of these habits. Eight-three percent of the respondents suggested that clinical screening was an effective means of reducing the frequency of premalignant and malignant oral lesions. CONCLUSIONS In view of the gradual rise in oral malignancy worldwide there is an increased need for DPs to be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of oral malignancy and premalignancy, provide appropriate preventive advice and be aware of the appropriate early management of patients with such oral lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdullah Jaber
- College of Dentistry, Surgical Sciences Department, Ajman University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
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Payne JB, Johnson GK, Reinhardt RA, Schmid M. Histological alterations following short-term smokeless tobacco exposure in humans. J Periodontal Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1998.tb02320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Tomar SL. Epidemiologic perspectives on smokeless tobacco marketing and population harm. Am J Prev Med 2007; 33:S387-97. [PMID: 18021914 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Revised: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Moist snuff is the most popular form of orally-used smokeless tobacco in North America and parts of Europe. Because moist snuff use conveys lower risks for morbidity or mortality than does cigarette smoking, its use has been proposed as a tobacco harm-reduction strategy. This article critically reviews new and published epidemiologic evidence on health effects of moist snuff and its patterns of use relative to smoking in the United States, Sweden, and Norway. The available evidence suggests that: (1) moist snuff is a human carcinogen and toxin, (2) increased promotion of moist snuff has led to increased sales in those countries, (3) the uptake of moist snuff in these three countries during the past several decades has occurred primarily among adolescent and young adult men, (4) increased prevalence of snuff use has not been associated consistently with a reduction in smoking initiation or prevalence, (5) moist snuff use apparently plays a very minor role in smoking cessation in the U.S. and an inconsistent role in Sweden, (6) U.S. states with the lowest smoking prevalence also tend to have the lowest prevalence of snuff use, (7) there are no data on the efficacy of snuff as a smoking-cessation method, (8) the prevalence of cigarette smoking is relatively high among people who use snuff, and (9) snuff use is more consistently associated with partial substitution for smoking than with complete substitution. The evidence base for promotion of snuff use as a public health strategy is weak and inconsistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott L Tomar
- University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida 32610-3628, USA.
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Lung ZHS, Kelleher MGD, Porter RWJ, Gonzalez J, Lung RFH. Poor patient awareness of the relationship between smoking and periodontal diseases. Br Dent J 2005; 199:731-7; discussion 725. [PMID: 16341187 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4812971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate patients' knowledge of the effects of smoking on periodontal health. DESIGN Patient answered questionnaires, which were anonymous. SETTING Patients who attended GKT Dental Institute, King's College, London for dental treatment. SUBJECTS One thousand patients attending Restorative Consultant Clinics and Primary Dental Care. RESULTS Seventy-eight per cent of patients were aware that smoking had a negative impact on health. However, 52% of these patients who were aware could not state what the negative effects were on oral health. Seven per cent of patients stated that smoking affected the gums but did not state how it affected the gums. Only 6% of respondents knew specifically of the link between smoking and periodontal disease. The only statistically significant factors associated with increased awareness were smoking status, ie being a non-smoker and being registered with a general dental practitioner. Non-smokers and those registered with GDPs were more likely to be aware of the association between smoking and periodontal diseases. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights patients' lack of awareness of the relationship between smoking and periodontal diseases, with only 6% of respondents knowing of the link between tobacco and periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H S Lung
- GKT Dental Institute, Denmark Hill, London, SE 9RW.
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Riley JL, Tomar SL, Gilbert GH. Smoking and smokeless tobacco: increased risk for oral pain. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2004; 5:218-25. [PMID: 15162344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2004.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/23/2004] [Accepted: 03/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tobacco has been linked with several pain conditions that include musculoskeletal pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and fibromyalgia. This study documented associations between smoking and smokeless tobacco use and measures of orofacial pain and oral pain impacts (activity reduction and trouble with sleep) assessed during a 48-month time period. These data were collected as part of the Florida Dental Care Study, a longitudinal study of oral health among 873 adults aged 45 years and older at baseline. Twenty-five percent of the study participants were current users of some form of tobacco, and 34% were former users. Separate models were tested for smoking and smokeless tobacco. Current tobacco users were at increased risk of experiencing a range of painful oral symptoms. We also found that behavioral impacts associated with oral pain are sensitive to differences in tobacco use status. Our data also support the supposition that once tobacco cessation occurs, the risk for pain associated with oral disease decreases significantly. No differences were found between former users and those never having used tobacco across any of the pain measures. Strengths of the current study include the longitudinal methodology, assessment of different pain symptoms with potentially differing etiology, and that several markers of tobacco use were used (prevalence, consumption, and duration). PERSPECTIVE This study considers the harmful effects of tobacco use on oral health. Smokers were at significantly increased risk for oral pain and related limitation of daily activities. The data also suggest that the risk for oral pain associated with tobacco use decreases significantly if tobacco cessation occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Riley
- Division of Public Health Services and Research, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0404, USA.
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10
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Position paper: tobacco use and the periodontal patient. Research, Science and Therapy Committee of the American Academy of Periodontology. J Periodontol 1999; 70:1419-27. [PMID: 10588507 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1999.70.11.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper was prepared by the Research, Science and Therapy Committee of The American Academy of Periodontology and is intended for the information of the dental profession. The purpose of the paper is to provide the reader with a general overview of the relationship of tobacco use and periodontal diseases. This paper will review the epidemiological and clinical findings that have led to our understanding of the role of tobacco use in relation to periodontal diseases and their treatment. In addition, this paper will review the possible underlying mechanisms for these effects from tobacco use. The practitioner can use this information in treatment decisions and in giving advice to the patients who use tobacco products.
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Payne JB, Johnson GK, Reinhardt RA, Schmid M. Histological alterations following short-term smokeless tobacco exposure in humans. J Periodontal Res 1998; 33:274-9. [PMID: 9777594 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1998.tb02200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the histological changes following short-term smokeless tobacco application in humans. Sixteen smokeless tobacco-using subjects participated in this trial. Each subject had used at least 3 cans of snuff per week for the previous 2 yr and had an existing lesion at the site of habitual snuff placement. The experimental design included subject placement of moist snuff (University of Kentucky reference tobacco brand 1S3) at a new site in the mandibular arch. At either 2 or 7 d, biopsies were taken from the new lesions and from a non-placement site in the opposing arch. The volume density of inflammatory cells was determined by point counting. Keratin and epithelial thickness were evaluated by digitizing morphometry. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. In 7-d lesions, increased keratin thickness was observed at the new sites compared to the non-placement sites (p = 0.05). Increased volume density of fibroblasts (p = 0.027) and decreased volume densities of macrophages (p = 0.0083) and mast cells (p = 0.05) were observed at 2 d in new versus non-placement sites. Clinically, the new sites showed erythema, erythema plus ulceration, or white striations. This study demonstrated histological and clinical changes at new snuff placement sites in as few as 2-7 d, underscoring the rapidity of tissue alterations following snuff use.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Payne
- Department of Surgical Specialties, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Dentistry, Lincoln 68583-0757, USA
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Bernzweig E, Payne JB, Reinhardt RA, Dyer JK, Patil KD. Nicotine and smokeless tobacco effects on gingival and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Clin Periodontol 1998; 25:246-52. [PMID: 9543195 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1998.tb02435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of tobacco-related periodontal diseases is not well understood. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate smokeless tobacco extract (ST) and nicotine effects on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC, consisting of monocytes and lymphocytes) and gingival mononuclear cells (GMC). Both peripheral blood and gingival tissue adjacent to the alveolar crest were taken from non-smoking adult periodontitis patients. Gingival tissue was treated with collagenase and deoxyribonuclease and GMC and PBMC were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation. GMC and PBMC (100,000 cells/200 microl) were cultured for 24 hours in supplemented RPMI 1640 alone (control), or in supplemented RPMI 1640 containing 1% ST, 100 microg/ml nicotine, 1 microg/ml Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS, or 1 microg/ml P. gingivalis LPS and either 100 microg/ml nicotine or 1% ST. Enzyme immunoassays were used to quantify PGE2 and IL-1beta. Treatments were compared by repeated measures ANOVA. 100 microg/ml nicotine (7-fold, p<0.02) and 1% ST (3.5-fold, p<0.004) significantly increased secretion of PGE2 by PBMC relative to control cultures. 100 microg/ml nicotine and 1% ST, however, had no effect on IL-1beta secretion by PBMC. Enhanced PGE2 secretion also was seen when PBMC were treated with P. gingivalis LPS+ 100 microg/ml nicotine relative to P. gingivalis LPS alone (p<0.007). In contrast, 100 microg/ml nicotine significantly downregulated IL-1beta secretion by GMC relative to medium alone (p<0.008) and had no effect on PGE2 secretion by GMC. These data indicate that while nicotine and ST can stimulate PBMC to secrete PGE2, they cannot activate further mononuclear cells extracted from gingiva, possibly due to maximal previous stimulation in the periodontitis lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bernzweig
- Department of Surgical Specialties, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Dentistry, Lincoln 68583, USA
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Catone GA. LASER MANAGEMENT OF ORAL PRECANCER. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1042-3699(20)30980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sciubba JJ. Oral leukoplakia. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ORAL BIOLOGISTS 1995; 6:147-60. [PMID: 7548621 DOI: 10.1177/10454411950060020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Leukoplakia has evolved as a clinico-pathologic concept over many years, with the current clinical designation being accepted worldwide. Reflective of the biology of leukoplakia is the concept of cellular atypia and epithelial dysplasia. Adding to a better understanding of leukoplakia in general has been the definition of relevant clinical subsets which, in some cases, includes etiology (snuff), while in other cases a verrucous clinical appearance will suggest a more aggressive anticipated behavior pattern. Tobacco usage, in many of its forms, remains the prime etiologic factor; however, other considerations also apply. More recently, the potential etiologic role of Candida albicans has been stressed, as well as its possible role in carcinogenesis. So-called oral hairy leukoplakia has been defined in relation to a possible Epstein-Barr viral infection, usually in the immunosuppressed patient. Other viruses, human papilloma virus in particular, have been implicated in leukoplakia, while genetic alterations involving tumor suppressor elements (p53) have also been investigated. Finally, the management of this common condition remains a variable and includes local, topical, and systemic therapies such as anti-oxidants, carotenoids, and retinoids.
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MESH Headings
- Candidiasis, Oral
- Epithelium/pathology
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor/genetics
- Herpesviridae Infections
- Herpesvirus 4, Human
- Humans
- Immunocompromised Host
- Leukoplakia, Hairy/virology
- Leukoplakia, Oral/drug therapy
- Leukoplakia, Oral/etiology
- Leukoplakia, Oral/genetics
- Leukoplakia, Oral/microbiology
- Leukoplakia, Oral/virology
- Mouth Neoplasms/microbiology
- Papillomaviridae
- Papillomavirus Infections
- Plants, Toxic
- Nicotiana
- Tobacco, Smokeless/adverse effects
- Tumor Virus Infections
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Sciubba
- Department of Dental Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York 11040, USA
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Clayman L. MANAGEMENT OF MUCOSAL PREMALIGNANT LESIONS. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s1042-3699(20)30764-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kleinman DV, Swango PA, Pindborg JJ, Gupta P. Toward assessing trends in oral mucosal lesions: lessons learned from oral cancer. Adv Dent Res 1993; 7:32-41. [PMID: 8259994 DOI: 10.1177/08959374930070010401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Trend data on oral mucosal lesions are limited. The literature is comprised of a large number of studies documenting the prevalence of various lesions in different populations. Trend data on cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx are the exception. An overview of the international epidemiologic studies of these cancers is provided. General conclusions across studies and countries for trend data of these cancers cannot easily be drawn, since variations exist in data collection methods, risk factors, and other characteristics of the study populations. This paper also reviewed the available prevalence data for oral mucosal lesions in general as well as data on leukoplakia, recurrent herpes labialis, and recurrent aphthous ulcers. A few studies of the incidence of leukoplakia are described. In order to explore the potential for future trend data on oral mucosal lesions, this paper discusses issues related to the feasibility and structure of monitoring these lesions. Criteria that could be used to identify which conditions should be monitored in the future were discussed, such as, those that present a public health problem, those that are sentinel events for serious conditions, and infectious lesions. Once lesions are identified, it is clear that international consensus for diagnostic criteria of these lesions is needed in order to permit comparisons to be made among studies. Finally, strategies for monitoring these conditions and factors that may affect future trends are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Kleinman
- National Institute of Dental Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Kaugars GE, Riley WT, Brandt RB, Burns JC, Svirsky JA. The prevalence of oral lesions in smokeless tobacco users and an evaluation of risk factors. Cancer 1992; 70:2579-85. [PMID: 1423184 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19921201)70:11<2579::aid-cncr2820701102>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread use of smokeless tobacco (ST) has prompted concern in regard to the development of oral lesions in long-term users. METHODS For inclusion in the current study, a subject must have used an ST product, either snuff or chewing tobacco, for at least 6 months. The subjects were recruited by advertising, and none was referred for the evaluation of an oral lesion. The following were performed on all subjects: assessment of exposure to ST, cigarettes, and alcohol; examination of the oral cavity; a biopsy, if an oral lesion was found; and analysis of a blood sample for beta-carotene. The dietary intake of most of the subjects was analyzed. RESULTS Of the 347 ST users, all of whom were white male subjects, 45 (13.0%) had an oral lesion. Thirty-five of the lesions were hyperkeratosis and 10 were epithelial dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS Snuff exposure was associated significantly with the presence of an oral lesion (P < 0.0001). A decreased vitamin C intake also was found among the ST users with oral lesions (P < 0.01). The ST users with epithelial dysplasia, as compared with those with hyperkeratotic lesions, were slightly older, had a lower intake of vitamin C (P < 0.05), and were more likely to have used chewing tobacco than snuff.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Kaugars
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond 23298
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