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A structural DFT study of MM, GG, MG, and GM alginic acid disaccharides and reactivity of the MG metallic complexes. J Mol Model 2018; 24:312. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Papageorgiou SK, Kouvelos EP, Favvas EP, Sapalidis AA, Romanos GE, Katsaros FK. Metal-carboxylate interactions in metal-alginate complexes studied with FTIR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:469-73. [PMID: 20044077 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
FTIR spectroscopy was used in order to obtain information about metal-carboxylate interactions in metal-alginate complexes of alginic acid and sodium alginate from the brown algae Laminaria digitata after crosslinking with Ca(2+), Cu(2+), Cd(2+), Zn(2+), Ni(2+) and Pb(2+). From the frequencies of the characteristic peaks for asymmetric COO stretching vibration (nu(asym)(COO(-)) and symmetric COO stretching vibration (nu(sym)(COO(-))) a 'pseudo bridged' unidentate coordination with intermolecular hydrogen bonds is proposed for the metal-carboxylate complexes in polyguluronic regions while for the polymannuronic regions the bidentate bridging coordination was proposed. The PIB factor introduced previously as a relationship between metal sorption and frequencies of the asymmetric vibrations was found not to correlate with sorption capacity or any other physical property of the metal-alginate complexes studied.
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Rinaudo M. Main properties and current applications of some polysaccharides as biomaterials. POLYM INT 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 672] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Björklund M, Hearn MT. Characterisation of silica-based heparin affinity sorbents from equilibrium binding studies on plasma fractions containing thrombin. J Chromatogr A 1997; 762:113-33. [PMID: 9098971 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(96)00957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The binding properties of rigid heparin sorbents, synthesised by end-point-attachment of heparin onto aminopropylderivatised silica through reductive amination, were characterised through batch-adsorption studies employing human plasma fractions containing thrombin. Thrombin was quantified using a chromogenic assay that had been specially modified for these studies. These investigations yielded information regarding the maximum adsorption capacities/stoichiometries and binding affinities for thrombin present in complex protein mixtures. Of the two types of heparin-silica evaluated, heparin-Fractosil 1000, with a pore size of 1000 A, displayed a capacity of 2.4 mol of thrombin/mol of heparin (mol T-mol H). This stoichiometry was significantly higher than the value of 1.8 mol T-mol H obtained for the commercial soft gel heparin-Sepharose CL-6B. Furthermore, the heparin-Fractosil 1000 sorbents were superior in capacity and binding site accessibility to heparin-LiChroprep Si60 sorbents, where the smaller pore size of 60 A largely restricts the ligand-protein interactions to the outer surface of the sorbent particles. Nevertheless, heparin-LiChroprep Si60 sorbents were useful, in that they simulated a non-porous particle system, in which intra-pore diffusion effects are eliminated. The batch adsorption results with these sorbents indicated that the adsorption involved both high and low binding affinity characteristics. This bimodal binding mechanism was also evident with the commercial heparin-Sepharose sorbent. Binding stoichiometries and affinities in the high concentration range were similar to values reported for a largely non-specific electrostatic thrombin-heparin interaction. Dissociation constants in the nanomolar range were observed in the low concentrations range. This stronger binding affinity is more similar to highly specific bio-affinity interactions. Thus, the results indicated that heparin-thrombin interactions with these systems involve both a weak electrostatic and a strong biospecific interaction component.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Björklund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Pillai S, Ciciriello S, Koster M, Eby R. Distinct pattern of antibody reactivity with oligomeric or polymeric forms of the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b. Infect Immun 1991; 59:4371-6. [PMID: 1718875 PMCID: PMC259051 DOI: 10.1128/iai.59.12.4371-4376.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The chain length of oligosaccharides required for antibody binding has been studied by using the capsular polysaccharide from Haemophilus influenzae type b or oligosaccharides derived from it. The concentration of competing antigens required to achieve a 50% inhibition of antibody binding by human polyclonal antisera in an in vitro competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay decreased progressively from greater than 10(-3) to 5 x 10(-7) M as the inhibiting saccharide chain length increased from 1 to 262 repeat units. Even small oligosaccharides (one or two repeat units) are potentially capable of competing to a significant level if a high enough concentration of saccharides is used. A similar pattern of reactivity was seen with a monoclonal anti-polyribosyl ribitol phosphate antibody, suggesting that the differences in the avidity of the antibody subpopulations in the polyclonal antisera do not contribute to the binding patterns observed. The binding reaction was specific as evaluated with pneumococcal saccharides. Furthermore, an oligosaccharide-protein conjugate binds antibody better than the free oligosaccharides do. Such a difference in binding was not observed between the polysaccharide and a polysaccharide-protein conjugate. Overall, the data suggest that identical epitopes are expressed by oligomeric and polymeric forms of the antigen and that a particularly more stable conformation in polysaccharides is preferred by antibodies. Covalent coupling of oligomers to protein increases the expression of stable conformation of epitopes. The data further suggest that this kind of antigenic analysis may be important for the design and synthesis of glycoconjugate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pillai
- Praxis Biologics, Inc., Rochester, New York 14623
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Szu SC, Li XR, Stone AL, Robbins JB. Relation between structure and immunologic properties of the Vi capsular polysaccharide. Infect Immun 1991; 59:4555-61. [PMID: 1937814 PMCID: PMC259077 DOI: 10.1128/iai.59.12.4555-4561.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi is a linear homopolymer of poly-alpha(1----4)GalNAcp variably O acetylated at the C-3 position. Serum antibodies elicited by this antigen confer protective immunity against typhoid fever. The relation between the immunologic properties and structure of Vi was investigated by carboxyl reduction, O deacetylation, and acid hydrolysis. The immunogenicity of Vi was closely related to its degree of O acetylation. Partial O deacetylation slightly increased immunogenicity; complete O deacetylation eliminated the immunogenicity of Vi. O-deacetylated Vi, however, still reacted with antisera prepared by injection of whole bacteria. Carboxyl reduction, in contrast, had a comparatively slight effect upon both the immunogenicity and antigenicity of Vi. Retention levels of antigenicity after acid treatment were greater for both the native and carboxyl-reduced Vi than for the O-deacetylated product. The Courtauld-Koltun space-filling model of a pentamer of Vi demonstrated that the bulky nonpolar O-acetyls, which protrude in rows on both sides, make up most of the surface. The carboxyls are less exposed and are partially shielded by the O-acetyls. The molecular model thus provides an explantation for the dominant role of the O-acetyls, as well as the lesser effect of carboxyl reduction, upon the immunologic properties of Vi.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Szu
- Laboratory of Developmental and Molecular Immunity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Cairns P, Atkins ED, Miles MJ, Morris VJ. Molecular transforms of kappa carrageenan and furcellaran from mixed gel systems. Int J Biol Macromol 1991; 13:65-8. [PMID: 1888712 DOI: 10.1016/0141-8130(91)90049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
X-ray fibre diffraction studies of furcellaran-carob, furcellaran-tara, and furcellaran-konjac mannan mixed gels have failed to reveal any evidence for the predicted intermolecular binding between the algal polysaccharide helix and the galactomannan or glucomannan (konjac) mannan). In the absence of such interactions, mixed gels of kappa carrageenan-konjac mannan and furcellaran-konjac mannan, have been used to obtain good quality molecular transforms of the kappa carrageenan and furcellaran molecules in an oriented nematic liquid crystalline form. Analyses of the pattern support double helix structures with threefold symmetry with helix pitch of 2.5 nm. The absence of a 0.83 nm meridional in kappa carrageenan necessitates zero axial translation from the exact half-stagger position, contrary to the model building prediction. An axial translation from half-stagger is necessary for furcellaran.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cairns
- AFRC Institute of Food Research, Norwich Laboratory, UK
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11
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Foord SA, Atkins EDY. New x-ray diffraction results from agarose: Extended single helix structures and implications for gelation mechanism. Biopolymers 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.360280802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Levery SB, Nudelman E, Kannagi R, Symington FW, Andersen NH, Clausen H, Baldwin M, Hakomori S. 1H-n.m.r. analysis of type-2 chain lacto-gangliosides. Confirmation of structure of a novel cancer-associated fucoganglioside, alpha-NeuAc-(2----6)- beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1----3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-[alp ha-L- Fucp-(1----3)]-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1----3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-beta -D-Glc p- (1----1)-Cer (VI6NeuAcIII3FucnLc6Cer). Carbohydr Res 1988; 178:121-44. [PMID: 3191505 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(88)80106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Neolacto-glycosphingolipids, substituted with alpha-NeuAc-(2----3)- and -(2----6)-linked D-Galp residues were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy at 500 MHz in 49:1 (v/v) di(2H3)methyl sulfoxide-deuterium oxide solution. For the simplest structures analyzed, nLc4Cer, IV3NeuAcnLc4Cer, and IV6NeuAcnLc4Cer, sialosylation-induced changes in shifts of terminal and subterminal core residues were interpretable in terms of existing conformational models. Chemical shifts for H-3e and H-3a of NeuAc characteristic for the type of linkage, were also determined. In addition, regularly reproducible shifts were seen for H-1 and other resonances of terminal and subterminal core residues of all structures tested. Chemical-shift correlations proved to be useful in elucidating the structure of a unique ganglioside bearing an internal beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1----3)]-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1---- 3) residue ("X-trisaccharide") with an alpha-NeuAc-(2----6)-substituted terminal group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Levery
- Program of Biochemical Oncology/Membrane Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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van Kuppevelt TH, Janssen HM, van Beuningen HM, Cheung KS, Schijen MM, Kuyper CM, Veerkamp JH. Isolation and characterization of a collagen fibril-associated dermatan sulphate proteoglycan from bovine lung. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1987; 926:296-309. [PMID: 3318935 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(87)90216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dermatan sulphate proteoglycans have been extracted from bovine lung with 2.0 M CaCl2 and isolated using CsCl density gradient centrifugation, DEAE ion-exchange chromatography, gel chromatography and preparative sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Ultrastructurally these proteoglycans are specifically associated with collagen fibrils. Dermatan sulphate (Mr 15.10(3)-35.10(3), with a strong prevalence for the higher Mr) is link via an O-glycosidic bond to a protein core, which is rich in Asx, Glx and Leu. Of the total uronic acid, 91% is iduronic acid. A part of the glucuronic acid residues is located near the protein core and a large cluster of disaccharides is devoid of glucuronic acid residues. An inhibition enzyme immunoassay has been developed to quantitate the proteoglycan. A model for the interaction between dermatan sulphate proteoglycans and collagen fibrils is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H van Kuppevelt
- Department of Chemical Cytology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kaizu T, Levery SB, Nudelman E, Stenkamp RE, Hakomori S. Novel fucolipids of human adenocarcinoma: monoclonal antibody specific for trifucosyl Ley (III3FucV3FucVI2FucnLc6) and a possible three-dimensional epitope structure. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)67376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Marchessault RH, Deslandes Y. Crystalline conformation of homo- and regular heteroglucan chains. Carbohydr Polym 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0144-8617(81)90013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Perkins SJ, Miller A, Hardingham TE, Muir H. Physical properties of the hyaluronate binding region of proteoglycan from pig laryngeal cartilage. Densitometric and small-angle neutron scattering studies of carbohydrates and carbohydrate-protein macromolecules. J Mol Biol 1981; 150:69-95. [PMID: 6795354 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Isaac D, Atkins E, Stirm S. Molecular structure for microbial polysaccharides: conformation of the Klebsiella serotype K9 capsular polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-8130(81)90058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Isaac D, Atkins E, Niemann H, Stirm S. Molecular structures for microbial polysaccharides: conformation of the Klebsiella serotype K25 capsular polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-8130(81)90079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Hascall GK. Cartilage proteoglycans: comparison of sectioned and spread whole molecules. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1980; 70:369-75. [PMID: 6768897 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(80)80019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Boyd J, Williamson FB, Gettins P. A physico-chemical study of heparin. Evidence for a calcium-induced co-operative conformational transition. J Mol Biol 1980; 137:175-90. [PMID: 7373654 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Isaac D, Gardner K, Wolf-Ullish C, Atkins E, Dutton G. Molecular structures for microbial polysaccharides. X-ray diffraction from the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella K-type 5. Int J Biol Macromol 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-8130(79)90025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cael JJ, Winter WT, Arnott S. Calcium chondroitin 4-sulfate: molecular conformation and organization of polysaccharide chains in a proteoglycan. J Mol Biol 1978; 125:21-42. [PMID: 712856 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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28
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Winter WT, Arnott S, Isaac DH, Atkins ED. Chondroitin 4-sulfate: the structure of a sulfated glycosaminoglycan. J Mol Biol 1978; 125:1-19. [PMID: 712855 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Isaac DH, Gardner KH, Atkin ED, Elsasser-Beile U, Stirm S. Molecular structures for microbial polysaccharides: x-ray diffraction results from Klebsiella serotype K57 capsular polysaccharide. Carbohydr Res 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)83237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Niemann H, Watanabe K, Hakomori S. Blood group i and I activities of "lacto-N-norhexaosylceramide" and its analogues: the structural requirements for i-specificities. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1978; 81:1286-93. [PMID: 78708 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(78)91275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Kinetics and substrate specificity of the glycanase activity associated with particles of Klebsiella bacteriophage No. 13. Carbohydr Res 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(78)80042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sheehan JK, Gardner KH, Atkins ED. Hyaluronic acid: a double-helical structure in the presence of potassium at low pH and found also with the cations ammonium, rubidium and caesium. J Mol Biol 1977; 117:113-35. [PMID: 23436 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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34
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Hadler NM, Napier MA. Structure of hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid and its influence on the movement of solutes. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1977; 7:141-52. [PMID: 929207 DOI: 10.1016/0049-0172(77)90020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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35
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Németh-Csóka M. The influence of inorganic phosphate and citrate anions on the effect of glycosaminoglycans during collagen fibril-formation. EXPERIMENTELLE PATHOLOGIE 1977; 14:40-54. [PMID: 598455 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4908(77)80090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Some anions like phosphate, sulfate and citrate delay the fibril-formation. The interaction of phosphate and citrate with chondroitin sulfate-A (CSA) in binding to collagen was investigated in different environmental conditions. By changing the concentration of phosphate from 5 to 50 mM/l and that of CSA from 0.5 to 16 mM/l some kind of competition of the anions was discovered. When different equilibration, systems were used the affinity of CSA to collagen was found to be 10 times greater than that of phosphate at pH 7.2 and I=0.15. As phosphate anions bind to collagen at physiological concentration. phosphate anions may be supposed to influence the biological fibril-formation. On the other hand the CSA exchanges phosphate for collagen. Therefore, glycosamino-glycans (GAG) in connective tissue ground substance in fibrillogenesis may regulate the ion binding and through this the tendency of aggregation of the collagen molecules. The binding of citrate to collagen and its effect and possible role in fibril-formation was also evaluated.
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HUNT S, OATES K. Intracellular cationic counterion composition of an acid mucopolysaccharide. Nature 1977. [DOI: 10.1038/268370a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Moorhouse R, Winter WT, Arnott S, Bayer ME. Conformation and molecular organization in fibers of the capsular polysaccharide from Escherichia coli M41 mutant. J Mol Biol 1977; 109:373-91. [PMID: 319241 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(77)80018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Németh-Csoka M, Kajtár M, Kajtár J. The role of sulphation of glycosaminoglycans in their structural and functional characteristics. Connect Tissue Res 1977; 5:1-6. [PMID: 141357 DOI: 10.3109/03008207709152605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The CD spectra in the far ultraviolet and the CD and ORD spectra of methylene blue-complexes (MB-complex) of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) with different sulphate contents were studied in comparison with their effect on the in vitro formation of collagen fibres. The following polyanions were investigated: Chondroitin sulphate-A with different sulphate contents, oversulphated chondroitin sulphate, heparin and dextran sulphate and their desulphated derivatives. It was observed that the MB-complex of polysaccharides with the same backbone structure, but with different sulphate contents might show ORD and CD spectra of exciton type, but of inverse sign. This phenomenon was interpreted on the basis of different types of aggregation of dye molecules bound to the polysaccharides. The biological effect of GAG changed also with the sulphate content. This suggests that it is the extent of sulphation rather than the glycosidic structure of GAG which determines their chiroptical and functional properties.
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Cael JJ, Isaac DH, Blackwell J, Koenig JL. Polarized infrared spectra of crystalline glycosaminoglycans. Carbohydr Res 1976; 50:169-79. [PMID: 991159 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)83848-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polarized infrared spectra have been recorded for oriented, crystalline specimens of hyaluronates, chondroitin 4-sulfate and 6-sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and a cartilage proteoglycan, having different known chain conformations as determined by X-ray diffraction. The dichroism data for the vibrational modes of the amide and carboxyl groups have been interpreted with respect to the particular molecular structures.
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Nakajima A, Shinoda K. Complex formation between oppositely charged polysaccharides. J Colloid Interface Sci 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9797(76)90017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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41
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Sheehan JK, Atkins ED, Nieduszynski IA. X-ray diffraction studies on the connective tissue polysaccharides. Two-dimensional packing schemes for threefold hyaluronate chains. J Mol Biol 1975; 91:153-63. [PMID: 1185776 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(75)90156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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42
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Obrind B, Pertoft H, Iverius PH. The effect of calcium on the macromolecular properties of heparan sulfate. Connect Tissue Res 1975; 3:187-93. [PMID: 126847 DOI: 10.3109/03008207509152178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate from human aorta has been subjected to a physico-chemical analysis in buffers of physiological ionic strength containing either sodium chloride or calcium chloride. A molecular weight of 50,000 was obtained both in sodium and calcium solutions by sedimentation equilibrium and from sedimentation and diffusion coefficients. The values obtained for So20,w in sodium and calcium chloride solutions were 2.28 X 10(-13) and 2.70 X 10(-13) sec, respectively, and the corresponding values for Dl20,w were 2.7 X 10(-7) and 3.1 X 10(-7) cm2/sec, respectively. Diffusion coefficients calculated from data obtained by gel chromatography were in excellent agreement with those determined by conventional techniques. The results indicated that the molecule contracts in the presence of calcium, presumably due to an increased binding of counter-ions with a concomitant decrease in charge density. Circular dichroism spectra above 200 nm, where the substituted amino group contributes to the absorption, gave no indication of a conformational change in the polysaccharide upon transformation from the sodium to the calcium salt. When the polysaccharide was dissolved in a salt solution, physiological both in ionic strength and in sodium to calcium ratio, it sedimented as the sodium salt. The sedimentation coefficient, the diffusion coefficient and the apparent molecular weight all displayed a concentration dependence. This dependence was much less in calcium chloride than in sodium chloride in determinations of molecular weight. Therefore there are advantages in performing molecular weight determinations of glycosaminoglycans in calcium solutions.
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Atkins ED, Nieduszynski IA. Crystalline structure of heparin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1975; 52:19-37. [PMID: 1124697 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-0946-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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