1
|
Teh-Poot CF, Dzul-Huchim VM, Mercado JM, Villanueva-Lizama LE, Bottazzi ME, Jones KM, Tsai FTF, Cruz-Chan JV. A short-term method to evaluate anti-leishmania drugs by inhibition of stage differentiation in Leishmania mexicana using flow cytometry. Exp Parasitol 2023; 249:108519. [PMID: 37004860 PMCID: PMC10231665 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne neglected tropical disease caused by the Leishmania spp. Parasite. The disease is transmitted to humans and animals by the bite of infected female sandflies during the ingestion of bloodmeal. Because current drug treatments induce toxicity and parasite resistance, there is an urgent need to evaluate new drugs. Most therapeutics target the differentiation of promastigotes to amastigotes, which is necessary to maintain Leishmania infection. However, in vitro assays are laborious, time-consuming, and depend on the experience of the technician. In this study, we aimed to establish a short-term method to assess the differentiation status of Leishmania mexicana (L. mexicana) using flow cytometry. Here, we showed that flow cytometry provides a rapid means to quantify parasite differentiation in cell culture as reliably as light microscopy. Interestingly, we found using flow cytometry that miltefosine reduced promastigote-to-amastigote differentiation of L. mexicana. We conclude that flow cytometry provides a means to rapidly assay the efficacy of small molecules or natural compounds as potential anti-leishmanials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Florian Teh-Poot
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Victor Manuel Dzul-Huchim
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Jonathan M Mercado
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Liliana Estefanía Villanueva-Lizama
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico; Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kathryn M Jones
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Francis T F Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Julio Vladimir Cruz-Chan
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico; Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Beg MA, Kobayashi S, Hussainy AS, Hamada A, Okuzawa E, Smego RA, Hussain R. An experimental model for amoebic abscess production in the cheek pouch of the Syrian golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus. Parasitol Int 2004; 53:247-54. [PMID: 15468532 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2004.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A new experimental model was developed in hamsters for amoebic abscess caused by Entamoeba histolytica. E. histolytica trophozoites were cultured in a liquid axenic medium, and then injected intradermally into the cheek pouch of the Syrian golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus. Inoculation consistently resulted in abscess formation at the site in 20 of 22 (91%) study animals. The amoebic nature of the abscesses was confirmed by light microscopy and histopathologic examination. Abscess formation was maximal at day 12 post-inoculation. Potential applications of this simple and reliable model include further elucidation of the pathogenesis of invasive amoebiasis, studies of the host response to amoebae, and in vivo evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents that show in vitro efficacy against E. histolytica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Beg
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Medicine, The Aga Khan University Medical College, P.O. Box 3500, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carter KC, Baillie AJ, Alexander J, Dolan TF. The therapeutic effect of sodium stibogluconate in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania donovani is organ-dependent. J Pharm Pharmacol 1988; 40:370-3. [PMID: 2899637 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1988.tb05271.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A study of the antileishmanial efficacy of sodium stibogluconate was carried out in BALB/c mice. The drug was administered to Leishmania donovani-infected animals on days 7 and 8 post-infection in one of three forms; free (40-50 mg Sbv Kg-1), liposomal, or niosomal (6.4-8.0 mg Sbv Kg-1) drug. On day 14 post-infection counts of the number of parasites present in the liver, spleen and bone marrow of treated and control animals showed that although all three drug preparations significantly reduced parasite numbers in the liver (approximately equal to 99% suppression) they had little effect on those residing in the spleen or bone marrow. The carrier forms of the drug were therefore significantly more effective than free drug in reducing liver parasite burdens. Increasing the concentration and the number of doses of free drug (maximum of 500 mg Sbv Kg-1), and reducing the size of the vesicles used to deliver the drug had a minimal effect on parasite numbers in the spleen and bone marrow. It is proposed that because of the resistance of spleen and bone marrow parasites to drug therapy, the BALB/c mouse infected with L. donovani provides an excellent model system for the study of drug delivery to these deeper tissue sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K C Carter
- Pharmacy Department, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Kenyan kala-azar is sometimes unresponsive to a standard course of sodium stibogluconate. The renal excretion of sodium stibogluconate was therefore studied in patients with kala azar and in volunteers; both urine and serum levels of sodium stibogluconate were measured. After intravenous injection sodium stibogluconate seemed to be distributed throughout the extracellular fluid and to have a renal clearance similar to that of inulin. At 6 h blood levels had fallen to less than 1% of peak values. After intramuscular injection, peak blood levels were lower and more sustained. However, more than 80% was excreted in the first 6 h, and blood levels fell to around 1% of peak values in 16 h. The dangers of cumulative toxicity may be exaggerated, and restriction of courses of sodium stibogluconate to 30 days or even to 10 days (in the U.S.A.) may not be necessary. If shorter courses are ineffective prolonged and continued courses may be given provided that renal function is assessed and the dosage is adjusted when indicated.
Collapse
|