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Liu L, Jiang M, Zhang Q, Chen H, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Asymmetric total synthesis strategies of halichlorine and pinnaic acid. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33754-33769. [PMID: 38019985 PMCID: PMC10654894 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06955a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Halichlorine and pinnaic acid are structurally related natural alkaloids isolated from different marine organisms. These two marine alkaloids bearing a 6-azaspiro[4.5]decane skeleton demonstrate a wide range of biological effects. It is this kind of unique structure and potentially valuable biological activity that have prompted strong synthetic interest, making it a research focus in recent years. Since the first total synthesis of halichlorine and pinnaic acid completed by Danishefsky's group, many groups have reported their outstanding synthesis methods especially the asymmetric synthesis strategies. This review summarizes the asymmetric synthesis strategies of halichlorine and pinnaic acid using a 6-azaspiro[4.5]decane skeleton as the key intermediate, which can provide some guidance for related work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Minghua Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Qingkang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Yifu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
- Northwest Collaborative Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Co-Constructed by Gansu Province & MOE of PRC Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
- Northwest Collaborative Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Co-Constructed by Gansu Province & MOE of PRC Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Quality for TCM of the College of Gansu Province Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
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Fudger A, Cakir OM, Khan Y, Sinclair A, Le Gresley A. Chemical synthesis of a library of natural product-like derivatives based on pinnaic acid and initial evaluation of their anti-cancer activity. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9408-9421. [PMID: 36398757 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01626e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Halichlorine and pinnaic acid have been shown previously to be potent inhibitors of the inflammatory enzymes cPLA2 and VCAM-1 and have also demonstrated some anti-cancer activity. They possess an almost identical azaspirocyclic core consisting of a unique 3-dimensional geometry with four stereocentres, making them compounds of interest for further study to reveal any bioactivity not yet discovered. The azaspirocyclic core was synthesised from an established protocol, from which a small library of novel analogues were synthesised and tested for activity against two cancer cell lines, HeLa and CaCo-2, along with the non-cancerous cell line HaCaT. Eleven compounds were found to be selective for CaCo-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Fudger
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, HSSCE Faculty, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Okan M Cakir
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, HSSCE Faculty, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Yousaf Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, HSSCE Faculty, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Alex Sinclair
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, HSSCE Faculty, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Adam Le Gresley
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, HSSCE Faculty, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK.
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Liu J, Zhang J, Fan Y, Ding H, Liu T, Li S, Jiang M, Liu L. Construction of azaspirocyclic skeletons mediated by the carbonyl of the Weinreb amide: formal total synthesis of (±)-cephalotaxine. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1879-1882. [PMID: 35166743 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02304g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile Stevens rearrangement of the Weinreb amide and the subsequent key steps mediated by the carbonyl of the Weinreb amide led to the construction of azaspirocyclic skeletons of some typical alkaloids. And the formal total synthesis of (±)-cephalotaxine was completed via a shorter synthetic route by this efficient method. Further studies on the development and asymmetric synthesis application of this strategy are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Quality for TCM of the College of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yuxue Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Huili Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Tianfu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Minghua Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
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Chakraborty K, Joy M. High-value compounds from the molluscs of marine and estuarine ecosystems as prospective functional food ingredients: An overview. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109637. [PMID: 33233216 PMCID: PMC7457972 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extensive biodiversity and availability of marine and estuarine molluscs, along with their their wide-range of utilities as food and nutraceutical resources developed keen attention of the food technologists and dieticians, particularly during the recent years. The current review comprehensively summarized the nutritional qualities, functional food attributes, and bioactive properties of these organisms. Among the phylum mollusca, Cephalopoda, Bivalvia, and Gastropoda were mostly reported for their nutraceutical applications and bioactive properties. The online search tools, like Scifinder/Science Direct/PubMed/Google Scholar/MarinLit database and marine natural product reports (1984-2019) were used to comprehend the information about the molluscs. More than 1334 secondary metabolites were reported from marine molluscs between the periods from 1984 to 2019. Among various classes of specialized metabolites, terpenes were occupied by 55% in gastropods, whereas sterols occupied 41% in bivalves. The marketed nutraceuticals, such as CadalminTM green mussel extract (Perna viridis) and Lyprinol® (Perna canaliculus) were endowed with potential anti-inflammatory activities, and were used against arthritis. Molluscan-derived therapeutics, for example, ziconotide was used as an analgesic, and elisidepsin was used in the treatment of cancer. Greater numbers of granted patents (30%) during 2016-2019 recognized the increasing importance of bioactive compounds from molluscs. Consumption of molluscs as daily diets could be helpful in the enhancement of immunity, and reduce the risk of several ailments. The present review comprehended the high value compounds and functional food ingredients from marine and estuarine molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Chakraborty
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin-682018, Kerala, India.
| | - Minju Joy
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin-682018, Kerala, India
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Dai C, Xie Z, Li M, Wang C. Cs
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‐Promoted [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of 4‐Aryliden‐5(4H)‐Oxazolones and β‐Nitrostyrenes: Access to Spirocycloalkyloxazolones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University 180 Siwangting Street Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
| | - Zengyang Xie
- College of Basic MedicineJining Medical University Jining 272067 P. R. China
| | - Mingshuang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University 180 Siwangting Street Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
| | - Cunde Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University 180 Siwangting Street Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
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6
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Li Y, Pi R, Ouyang XH, Song RJ, Li JH. Rhodium-Catalyzed Annulation of 4-Arylbut-3-yn-1-amines with Internal Alkynes through C–H Functionalization. Org Lett 2018; 21:397-400. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Rui Pi
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Xuan-Hui Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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7
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Griggs SD, Thompson N, Tape DT, Fabre M, Clarke PA. Synthesis of highly substituted 2-spiropiperidines. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6663-6674. [PMID: 30067258 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01272e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2-Spiropiperidines are a highly desirable, yet under represented structure in drug discovery. 2-Spiropiperidines were synthesised in either a two-pot or one-pot reaction. In the two-pot reaction, the addition of a Weiler dianion to N-Boc imines, followed by deprotection and in situ condensation with a cyclic ketone generated functionalised 2-spiropiperidines in good to excellent yields. In the one-pot reaction, the addition of Chan's diene to N-Boc imines under Maitland-Japp conditions, followed by the addition of sodium bicarbonate and a cyclic ketone formed functionalised 2-spiropiperidines in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Griggs
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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8
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Sharghi H, Aboonajmi J, Mozaffari M, Doroodmand MM, Aberi M. Application and developing of iron‐doped multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (Fe/MWCNTs) as an efficient and reusable heterogeneous nanocatalyst in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Sharghi
- Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesShiraz University Shiraz 71454 Iran
| | - Jasem Aboonajmi
- Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesShiraz University Shiraz 71454 Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Mozaffari
- Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesShiraz University Shiraz 71454 Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Aberi
- Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesShiraz University Shiraz 71454 Iran
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9
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Shrestha ML, Qi W, McIntosh MC. Acyclic 1,4-Stereocontrol via the Allylic Diazene Rearrangement: Development, Applications, and the Essential Role of Kinetic E Stereoselectivity in Tosylhydrazone Formation. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8359-8370. [PMID: 28776373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report full details of a method for 1,3-reductive transposition of α-alkoxy-α,β-unsaturated hydrazones to provide E-alkenes with high 1,4-stereocontrol between the two respective allylic stereocenters. The process couples a chelation-controlled reduction of the hydrazone with an in situ allylic strain controlled retro-ene reaction of an allyl diazene, i.e., an allylic diazene rearrangement. Such stereotriads are frequently observed motifs in natural products. We observed a fortuitous kinetic preference for the E-hydrazone geometry during the hydrazonation reaction, as only the E-isomers could undergo chelation-controlled reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha L Shrestha
- University of Arkansas , 119 Chemistry Bldg, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Wei Qi
- University of Arkansas , 119 Chemistry Bldg, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Matthias C McIntosh
- University of Arkansas , 119 Chemistry Bldg, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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Ghosh AK, Brindisi M. Achmatowicz Reaction and its Application in the Syntheses of Bioactive Molecules. RSC Adv 2016; 6:111564-111598. [PMID: 28944049 PMCID: PMC5603243 DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22611f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Substituted pyranones and tetrahydropyrans are structural subunits of many bioactive natural products. Considerable efforts are devoted toward the chemical synthesis of these natural products due to their therapeutic potential as well as low natural abundance. These embedded pyranones and tetrahydropyran structural motifs have been the subject of synthetic interest over the years. While there are methods available for the syntheses of these subunits, there are issues related to regio and stereochemical outcomes, as well as versatility and compatibility of reaction conditions and functional group tolerance. The Achmatowicz reaction, an oxidative ring enlargement of furyl alcohol, was developed in the 1970s. The reaction provides a unique entry to a variety of pyranone derivatives from functionalized furanyl alcohols. These pyranones provide convenient access to substituted tetrahydropyran derivatives. This review outlines general approaches to the synthesis of tetrahydropyrans, covering general mechanistic aspects of the Achmatowicz reaction or rearrangement with an overview of the reagents utilized for the Achmatowicz reaction. The review then focuses on the synthesis of functionalized tetrahydropyrans and pyranones and their applications in the synthesis of natural products and medicinal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Hager A, Vrielink N, Hager D, Lefranc J, Trauner D. Synthetic approaches towards alkaloids bearing α-tertiary amines. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 33:491-522. [PMID: 26621771 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00096c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids account for some of the most beautiful and biologically active natural products. Although they are usually classified along biosynthetic criteria, they can also be categorized according to certain structural motifs. Amongst these, the α-tertiary amine (ATA), i.e. a tetrasubstituted carbon atom surrounded by three carbons and one nitrogen, is particularly interesting. A limited number of methods have been described to access this functional group and fewer still are commonly used in synthesis. Herein, we review some approaches to asymmetrically access ATAs and provide an overview of alkaloid total syntheses where those have been employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Hager
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science, Butenandtstr. 5 - 13, 81377 München, Germany.
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12
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Zhu DY, Zhang Z, Mou XQ, Tu YQ, Zhang FM, Peng JB, Wang SH, Zhang SY. Gold(I)/Copper(II)-Cocatalyzed Tandem Cyclization/Semipinacol Reaction: Construction of 6-Aza/Oxa-Spiro[4.5]decane Skeletons and Formal Synthesis of (±)-Halichlorine. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Carbone M, Núñez-Pons L, Ciavatta ML, Castelluccio F, Avila C, Gavagnin M. Occurrence of a Taurine Derivative in an Antarctic Glass Sponge. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The n-butanol extract of an Antarctic hexactinellid sponge, Anoxycalyx (Scolymastra) joubini, was found to contain a taurine-conjugated anthranilic acid, never reported so far either as a natural product or by synthesis. The compound was inactive against human cancer cells in an in vitro growth inhibitory test, and also showed no antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Carbone
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Núñez-Pons
- Departament of Animal Biology (Invertebrates) & Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO) Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M. Letizia Ciavatta
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Castelluccio
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Conxita Avila
- Departament of Animal Biology (Invertebrates) & Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO) Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Margherita Gavagnin
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
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Xu S, Unabara D, Uemura D, Arimoto H. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Pinnaic Acid and Halichlorine. Chem Asian J 2013; 9:367-75. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201301248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Ferrari FD, Pasqua AE, Ledgard AJ, Marquez R. Convergent approach to complex spirocyclic pyrans: practical synthesis of the oxa-pinnaic acid core. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:3469-76. [PMID: 23589153 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40284c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of the oxa-pinnaic acid framework has been achieved through internal asymmetric induction. The synthetic strategy pursued illustrates the adaptability of the Achmatowicz oxidative rearrangement for the synthesis of complex spirocyclic pyrans starting from tertiary alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank D Ferrari
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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Atar AB, Jeong YT. Silica supported tungstic acid (STA): an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of bis-spiro piperidine derivatives under milder condition. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Liu R, Gutierrez O, Tantillo DJ, Aubé J. Stereocontrol in a combined allylic azide rearrangement and intramolecular Schmidt reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:6528-31. [PMID: 22490078 DOI: 10.1021/ja300369c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pre-equilibration of an interconverting set of isomeric allylic azides is coupled with an intramolecular Schmidt reaction to afford substituted lactams stereoselectively. The effect of substitution and a preliminary mechanistic study are reported. The synthetic potential of this method is demonstrated in the context of an enantioselective synthesis of an advanced intermediate leading toward pinnaic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzhang Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Delbert M. Shankel Structural Biology Center, University of Kansas, 2034 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Chen J, Wang A, Huo H, Huang P. Progress on the total synthesis of natural products in China: From 2006 to 2010. Sci China Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-012-4534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gignoux C, Newton AF, Barthelme A, Lewis W, Alcaraz ML, Stockman RA. Combining two-directional synthesis and tandem reactions: a short formal synthesis of halichlorine. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:67-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06380d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Abstract
Once considered to be isolation artifacts or chemical "mistakes" of nature, the number of naturally occurring organohalogen compounds has grown from a dozen in 1954 to >5000 today. Of these, at least 25% are halogenated alkaloids. This is not surprising since nitrogen-containing pyrroles, indoles, carbolines, tryptamines, tyrosines, and tyramines are excellent platforms for biohalogenation, particularly in the marine environment where both chloride and bromide are plentiful for biooxidation and subsequent incorporation into these electron-rich substrates. This review presents the occurrence of all halogenated alkaloids, with the exception of marine bromotyrosines where coverage begins where it left off in volume 61 of The Alkaloids. Whereas the biological activity of these extraordinary compounds is briefly cited for some examples, a future volume of The Alkaloids will present full coverage of this topic and will also include selected syntheses of halogenated alkaloids. Natural organohalogens of all types, especially marine and terrestrial halogenated alkaloids, comprise a rapidly expanding class of natural products, in many cases expressing powerful biological activity. This enormous proliferation has several origins: (1) a revitalization of natural product research in a search for new drugs, (2) improved compound characterization methods (multidimensional NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry), (3) specific enzyme-based and other biological assays, (4) sophisticated collection methods (SCUBA and remote submersibles for deep ocean marine collections), (5) new separation and purification techniques (HPLC and countercurrent separation), (6) a greater appreciation of traditional folk medicine and ethobotany, and (7) marine bacteria and fungi as novel sources of natural products. Halogenated alkaloids are truly omnipresent in the environment. Indeed, one compound, Q1 (234), is ubiquitous in the marine food web and is found in the Inuit from their diet of whale blubber. Given the fact that of the 500,000 estimated marine organisms--which are the source of most halogenated alkaloids--only a small percentage have been investigated for their chemical content, it is certain that myriad new halogenated alkaloids are awaiting discovery. For example, it is estimated that nearly 4000 species of bryozoans have not been examined for their chemical content. The few species that have been studied contain some extraordinary halogenated alkaloids, such as hinckdentine A (610) and the chartellines (611-613). Of the estimated 1.5 million species of fungi, secondary metabolites have been characterized from only 5000 species. The future seems bright for the collector of halogenated alkaloids!
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
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21
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Ferrari FD, Ledgard AJ, Marquez R. Divergent approach to the polymaxenolide and pinnaic acid cores. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Xu S, Yoshimura H, Maru N, Ohno O, Arimoto H, Uemura D. Pinnarine, another member of the halichlorine family. Isolation and preparation from pinnaic acid. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1323-1326. [PMID: 21410164 DOI: 10.1021/np200031d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pinnarine (1), a new macrocyclic alkaloid, was isolated from the black marine sponge Halichondria okadai. The structure was elucidated on the basis of 2D NMR and comparison with the spectra of the co-isolated known halichlorine. Further confirmation of the structure and the absolute configuration was validated by a synthetic method from authentic pinnaic acid and CD analysis. The isolation of pinnarine also suggested a biogenetic pathway from pinnaic acid to halichlorine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Stereoselective ring contraction of 2,5-diketopiperazines: An innovative approach to the synthesis of promising bioactive 5-membered scaffolds. Bioorg Chem 2010; 38:210-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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25
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Sahn JJ, Comins DL. [2 + 2] Photochemical Cycloaddition/Ring Opening of 6-Alkenyl-2,3-dihydro-4-pyridones. J Org Chem 2010; 75:6728-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101276q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James J. Sahn
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
| | - Daniel L. Comins
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
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26
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Flick AC, Caballero MJA, Lee HI, Padwa A. 2,3-Bis(phenylsulfonyl)-1,3-butadiene as a Reagent for the Synthesis of the Azatricyclic Core of (±)-Halichlorine. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1992-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100055u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Flick
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | | | - Hyoung Ik Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Albert Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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27
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Appukkuttan P, Mehta VP, Van der Eycken EV. Microwave-assisted cycloaddition reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:1467-77. [DOI: 10.1039/b815717k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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28
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Liu D, Acharya HP, Yu M, Wang J, Yeh VSC, Kang S, Chiruta C, Jachak SM, Clive DLJ. Total synthesis of the marine alkaloid halichlorine: development and use of a general route to chiral piperidines. J Org Chem 2009; 74:7417-28. [PMID: 19739615 DOI: 10.1021/jo901481n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of the marine alkaloid halichlorine is described, based on an approach that involves constructing the fully substituted asymmetric center at an early stage. The five-membered ring is formed by 5-exo-trig radical cyclization and the unsaturated six-membered ring by a process that formally represents a sequential combination of conjugate addition and S(N)2' displacement-a method that is general for making bicyclic compounds with nitrogen at a ring fusion position. A formal synthesis of (+)-halichlorine is also reported, based on the development of a general method for preparing optically pure piperidines. The key step of this method, which was used to make one of our intermediates, is the Claisen rearrangement of a 4-vinyloxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester. Such O-vinyl compounds are easily generated in situ from the corresponding alcohols, which are themselves readily assembled from serine and terminal acetylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhan Liu
- Chemistry Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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30
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Guinchard X, Bugaut X, Cook C, Roulland E. Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Potassium (Z)-2-Chloroalk-1-enyl Trifluoroborates: A Chemo- and Stereoselective Access to (Z)-Chloroolefins and Trisubstituted Alkenes. Chemistry 2009; 15:5793-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Yamamoto Y, Yasuda Y, Nasu H, Tomioka K. Asymmetric Construction of Three Contiguous Stereogenic Centers by Conjugate Addition−Alkylation of Lithium Ester Enolate. Org Lett 2009; 11:2007-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol900447n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yorinobu Yasuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nasu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Tomioka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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32
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Yang SH, Clark GR, Caprio V. A concise approach to the core structures of pinnaic acid and halichlorine. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:2981-90. [DOI: 10.1039/b903904j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Ramarao MK, Shen MW, Murphy EA, Duan W, Zhao Y, McKew J, Lee KL, Thakker P, Behnke ML, Clark JD. Thermodynamic characterization of cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha inhibitors. Anal Biochem 2008; 383:217-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Bahde RJ, Rychnovsky SD. Cyclization via carbolithiation of alpha-amino alkyllithium reagents. Org Lett 2008; 10:4017-20. [PMID: 18700774 DOI: 10.1021/ol801523r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a new route to tertiary alpha-amino stereocenters by sequential alkylation of alpha-amino nitriles followed by reductive lithiation of the nitrile and cyclization onto an alkene. Reductive lithiation of alpha-amino nitriles using lithium 4,4'-di-tert-butylbiphenylide (LiDBB) and subsequent intramolecular carbolithiation proceeded with modest to high diastereoselectivity to deliver cyclic or spirocyclic ring systems. The stereoselectivity of these intramolecular carbolithiations was examined using density function calculations to evaluate plausible transition state models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Bahde
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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35
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McKew JC, Lee KL, Shen MWH, Thakker P, Foley MA, Behnke ML, Hu B, Sum FW, Tam S, Hu Y, Chen L, Kirincich SJ, Michalak R, Thomason J, Ipek M, Wu K, Wooder L, Ramarao MK, Murphy EA, Goodwin DG, Albert L, Xu X, Donahue F, Ku MS, Keith J, Nickerson-Nutter CL, Abraham WM, Williams C, Hegen M, Clark JD. Indole cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha inhibitors: discovery and in vitro and in vivo characterization of 4-{3-[5-chloro-2-(2-{[(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)sulfonyl]amino}ethyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]propyl}benzoic acid, efipladib. J Med Chem 2008; 51:3388-413. [PMID: 18498150 DOI: 10.1021/jm701467e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of a class of indole cPLA 2 alpha inhibitors is described herein. The importance of the substituent at C3 and the substitution pattern of the phenylmethane sulfonamide region are highlighted. Optimization of these regions led to the discovery of 111 (efipladib) and 121 (WAY-196025), which are shown to be potent, selective inhibitors of cPLA 2 alpha in a variety of isolated enzyme assays, cell based assays, and rat and human whole blood assays. The binding of these compounds has been further examined using isothermal titration calorimetry. Finally, these compounds have shown efficacy when dosed orally in multiple acute and chronic prostaglandin and leukotriene dependent in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C McKew
- Department of Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 200 CambridgePark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
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Hurley PB, Dake GR. Synthetic Studies toward Halichlorine: Complex Azaspirocycle Formation with Use of an NBS-Promoted Semipinacol Reaction. J Org Chem 2008; 73:4131-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800336k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul B. Hurley
- Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Gregory R. Dake
- Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z1
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37
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Zhang H, Capon RJ. Phorbasins D−F: Diterpenyl-taurines from a Southern Australian Marine Sponge, Phorbas sp. Org Lett 2008; 10:1959-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8004744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Centre for Molecular Biodiversity, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J. Capon
- Centre for Molecular Biodiversity, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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38
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Abstract
One-pot reduction/allylic diazene rearrangement of lactic acid- and mandelic acid-derived alpha,beta-unsaturated tosyl hydrazones leads to 1,4-syn- or 1,4-anti-E-2-alkenyl arrays in high yield and diastereoselectivity. Either the syn or the anti diastereomer can be prepared by choosing the appropriate alkene stereoisomer of the hydrazone. The E-alkenes led to the 1,4-syn isomers, while the Z-alkenes led to the 1,4-anti isomers, both with > or =20:1 diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qi
- 119 Chemistry Building, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Vargas Méndez LY, Kouznetsov VV. An efficient synthesis of new 1-H-4′-methyl-3′,4′-dihydrospiro[piperidine-4,2′(1′H)quinoline] scaffolds. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Uemura D. Bioorganic studies on marine natural products--diverse chemical structures and bioactivities. CHEM REC 2007; 6:235-48. [PMID: 17099881 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.20087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of new molecules contributes to the development of basic scientific concepts, leads to valuable drug-oriented compounds, and suggests possible new pharmacological reagents. Newly discovered substances can even be responsible for the creation of new scientific fields. Due to the radically different habitats of marine organisms, several notable examples of secondary metabolites from marine organisms have been isolated. Two of the most remarkable properties of these compounds are their structural and physiological diversities. These bioactive compounds are candidates for drugs or biological probes for physiological studies. Palytoxin is a polyol compound that shows extreme acute toxicity. Halichondrins are remarkable antitumor macrolides from sponge. Pinnatoxins, potent shellfish poisons, cause food poisoning. This paper describes bioorganic studies on such newly discovered wonders of nature. Several bioactive marine alkaloids and important substances involved in dynamic ecological systems are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Uemura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
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44
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Dake G. Recent approaches to the construction of 1-azaspiro[4.5]decanes and related 1-azaspirocycles. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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45
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Hobson SJ, Marquez R. Stereocontrolled synthesis of highly functionalised spirocyclic pyrans. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:3808-14. [PMID: 17024288 DOI: 10.1039/b611737f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly functionalized spirocyclic pyrans can be obtained through the Achmatowicz rearrangement of furyl carbinols by taking advantage of the different rates of reaction for epoxidation and nucleophilic addition. Through this methodology, spirocyclic units of various ring sizes can be selectively generated with complete stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Hobson
- WestCHEM, Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Abstract
In our ongoing search for bioactive metabolites from marine organisms, novel shellfish poisons have been isolated. Pinnatoxins, which are amphoteric polyether compounds, were purified from the Okinawan bivalve Pinna muricata. Pinnatoxins show acute toxicity against mice and activate Ca2+ channels. Two novel alkaloids, pinnamine and pinnaic acid, were also obtained from P. muricata. Pinnaic acid inhibits cytosolic phospholipase (cPLA2). Pteriatoxins, which are pinnatoxin analogs, were isolated from the Okinawan bivalve Pteria penguin. A nanomole-order structure determination of pteriatoxins was achieved by the detailed analysis of 2D-NMR and ESI-TOF MS/MS. This review covers the isolation, structure determination, bioactivity, synthesis, and biogenesis of these shellfish poisons and related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa 464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
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48
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Abstract
[chemical reaction: see text]. Concise formal syntheses of marine alkaloids (+/-)-pinnaic acid (1) and (+/-)-halichlorine (2) have been accomplished from a common intermediate. The syntheses illustrate the utility of selective olefin cross metathesis methodologies for the elaboration of advanced synthetic intermediates in complex molecule synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo B Andrade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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49
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Hassfeld J, Kalesse M, Stellfeld T, Christmann M. Asymmetric total synthesis of complex marine natural products. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2005; 97:133-203. [PMID: 16261808 DOI: 10.1007/b135825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Among nature's ecosystems, the marine environment has been an extremely rich source of structurally complex and biologically active molecules. This review aims to cover the recent developments in the synthesis of marine natural products, also reflecting the trend of their increased use to address biological questions. The examples chosen should be viewed as representative of the different structural motifs on the one hand and the strategies and stimuli for their synthesis on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorma Hassfeld
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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50
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Hilmey DG, Gallucci JC, Paquette LA. Neighboring effect of the lactam functionality in select reactions of 6-azaspiro[4.5]decane-1,7-dione. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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