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Mortier C, Gracey E, Coudenys J, Manuello T, Decruy T, Maelegheer M, Stappers F, Gilis E, Gaublomme D, Van Hoorebeke L, Van Welden S, Ambler C, Hegen M, Symanowicz P, Steyn S, Berstein G, Elewaut D, Venken K. RORγt inhibition ameliorates IL-23 driven experimental psoriatic arthritis by predominantly modulating γδ-T cells. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3169-3178. [PMID: 36661300 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Divergent therapeutic outcomes on different disease domains have been noted with IL-23 and IL-17A-blockade in PsA. Therefore, elucidating the role of RORγt, the master regulator of type 17 immune responses, is of potential therapeutic interest. To this end, RORγt inhibition was assessed in combined skin, joint and gut inflammation in vivo, using a PsA model. METHODS We tested the efficacy of a RORγt antagonist in B10.RIII mice challenged with systemic overexpression of IL-23 by hydrodynamic injection of IL-23 enhanced episomal vector (IL-23 EEV). Clinical outcomes were evaluated by histopathology. Bone density and surface erosions were examined using micro-computed tomography. Cytokine production was measured in serum and by intracellular flow cytometry. Gene expression in PsA-related tissues was analysed by qPCR. RESULTS RORγt-blockade significantly ameliorated psoriasis, peripheral arthritis and colitis development in IL-23 EEV mice (improvement of clinical scores and weight loss respectively by 91.8%, 58.2% and 7.0%, P < 0.001), in line with profound suppression of an enhanced type IL-17 immune signature in PsA-affected tissues. Moreover, inflammation-induced bone loss and bone erosions were reduced (P < 0.05 in calcaneus, P < 0.01 in tibia). Sustained IL-23 overexpression resulted in only mild signs of sacroiliitis. Gamma-delta (γδ)-T cells, the dominant source of T cell-derived IL-17A and IL-22, were expanded during IL-23 overexpression, and together with Th17 cells, clearly countered by RORγt inhibition (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION RORγt-blockade shows therapeutic efficacy in a preclinical PsA model with protection towards extra-musculoskeletal manifestations, reflected by a clear attenuation of type 17 cytokine responses by γδ-T cells and Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Mortier
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eric Gracey
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Coudenys
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Teddy Manuello
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tine Decruy
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Margaux Maelegheer
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Flore Stappers
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Gilis
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Djoere Gaublomme
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Van Welden
- IBD Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Intestinal Barrier Signaling in Disease and Therapy, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Martin Hegen
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter Symanowicz
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stefan Steyn
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel Berstein
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Venken
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
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Li W, Crouse KK, Alley J, Frisbie RK, Fish SC, Andreyeva TA, Reed LA, Thorn M, DiMaggio G, Donovan CB, Bennett D, Garren J, Oziolor E, Qian J, Newman L, Vargas AP, Kumpf SW, Steyn SJ, Schnute ME, Thorarensen A, Hegen M, Stevens E, Collinge M, Lanz TA, Vincent F, Vincent MS, Berstein G. A Novel C-C Chemoattractant Cytokine (Chemokine) Receptor 6 (CCR6) Antagonist (PF-07054894) Distinguishes between Homologous Chemokine Receptors, Increases Basal Circulating CCR6 + T Cells, and Ameliorates Interleukin-23-Induced Skin Inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 386:80-92. [PMID: 37142443 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blocking chemokine receptor C-C chemoattractant cytokine (chemokine) receptor (CCR) 6-dependent T cell migration has therapeutic promise in inflammatory diseases. PF-07054894 is a novel CCR6 antagonist that blocked only CCR6, CCR7, and C-X-C chemoattractant cytokine (chemokine) receptor (CXCR) 2 in a β-arrestin assay panel of 168 G protein-coupled receptors. Inhibition of CCR6-mediated human T cell chemotaxis by (R)-4-((2-(((1,4-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)(1-methylcyclopentyl)methyl)amino)-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-en-1-yl)amino)-3-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylpicolinamide (PF-07054894) was insurmountable by CCR6 ligand, C-C motif ligand (CCL) 20. In contrast, blockade of CCR7-dependent chemotaxis in human T cells and CXCR2-dependent chemotaxis in human neutrophils by PF-07054894 were surmountable by CCL19 and C-X-C motif ligand 1, respectively. [3H]-PF-07054894 showed a slower dissociation rate for CCR6 than for CCR7 and CXCR2 suggesting that differences in chemotaxis patterns of inhibition could be attributable to offset kinetics. Consistent with this notion, an analog of PF-07054894 with fast dissociation rate showed surmountable inhibition of CCL20/CCR6 chemotaxis. Furthermore, pre-equilibration of T cells with PF-07054894 increased its inhibitory potency in CCL20/CCR6 chemotaxis by 10-fold. The functional selectivity of PF-07054894 for inhibition of CCR6 relative to CCR7 and CXCR2 is estimated to be at least 50- and 150-fold, respectively. When administered orally to naïve cynomolgus monkeys, PF-07054894 increased the frequency of CCR6+ peripheral blood T cells, suggesting that blockade of CCR6 inhibited homeostatic migration of T cells from blood to tissues. PF-07054894 inhibited interleukin-23-induced mouse skin ear swelling to a similar extent as genetic ablation of CCR6. PF-07054894 caused an increase in cell surface CCR6 in mouse and monkey B cells, which was recapitulated in mouse splenocytes in vitro. In conclusion, PF-07054894 is a potent and functionally selective CCR6 antagonist that blocks CCR6-mediated chemotaxis in vitro and in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The chemokine receptor, C-C chemoattractant cytokine (chemokine) receptor 6 (CCR6) plays a key role in the migration of pathogenic lymphocytes and dendritic cells into sites of inflammation. (R)-4-((2-(((1,4-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)(1-methylcyclopentyl)methyl)amino)-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-en-1-yl)amino)-3-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylpicolinamide (PF-07054894) is a novel CCR6 small molecule antagonist that illustrates the importance of binding kinetics in achieving pharmacological potency and selectivity. Orally administered PF-07054894 blocks homeostatic and pathogenic functions of CCR6, suggesting that it is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Kimberly K Crouse
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Jennifer Alley
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Richard K Frisbie
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Susan C Fish
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Tatyana A Andreyeva
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Lori A Reed
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Mitchell Thorn
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Giovanni DiMaggio
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Carol B Donovan
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Donald Bennett
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Jeonifer Garren
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Elias Oziolor
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Jesse Qian
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Leah Newman
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Amanda P Vargas
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Steven W Kumpf
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Stefan J Steyn
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Mark E Schnute
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Atli Thorarensen
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Martin Hegen
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Erin Stevens
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Mark Collinge
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Thomas A Lanz
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Fabien Vincent
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Michael S Vincent
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Gabriel Berstein
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (W.L., K.K.C., J.A., S.C.F., T.A.A., M.H., M.S.V., G.B.), Biostatistics (D.B., J.G.), and Medicine Design (S.J.S., M.E.S., A.T.), Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Primary Pharmacology Group (R.K.F., F.V.), Clinical Biomarkers (M.T., E.S.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (L.A.R., G.D., C.B.D., E.O., J.Q., L.N., A.P.V., S.W.K., M.C., T.A.L.), Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut
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Su Z, Brooks J, Pelker J, Andreyeva T, Sobon H, Gifford R, Powers M, Wang J, Dower C, Hegen M, Messing D, Sheehan AD, Brennan JJ. Studies with neutralizing antibodies suggest CXCL8-mediated neutrophil activation is independent of C-C motif chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2) ligand binding function. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280590. [PMID: 36662882 PMCID: PMC9858354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
C-C motif chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2) is a non-signaling 7 transmembrane receptor that binds chemotactic ligands to shape leukocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation. However, there is a lack of consensus on the ligands that directly bind CCRL2 or their functional impact. Studies with CCRL2 knockout mice have demonstrated that neutrophils have impaired degranulation and migration in response to CXCL8, where the underlying molecular mechanism is proposed to be due to the formation of CCRL2 heterodimers with the chemokine receptor CXCR2. Herein, we characterized the ligands that bind directly to CCRL2 and interrogated the impact of CCRL2 neutralization on CXCL8 signaling in neutrophils using pharmacological antibody tools. Using flow cytometry and Surface Plasmon Resonance microscopy (SPRm) cell binding experiments, we confirmed that chemerin, but not previously reported C-C chemokines, binds CCRL2. Furthermore, we identified human and mouse CCRL2 antibodies that neutralized chemerin binding to CCRL2. Unexpectedly, we found that neutralization of CCRL2 with these antibodies did not attenuate CXCL8-induced human neutrophil degranulation nor CXCL8-induced murine neutrophil recruitment to the peritoneum. Based on the observed differences in modulating CCRL2 function with neutralizing antibodies compared to the reported CCRL2 deficient murine models, we hypothesize that the ligand binding function of CCRL2 is dispensable for CXCL8 signaling in neutrophils. Finally, extensive profiling of CCRL2 expression on peripheral blood leukocytes revealed monocytes, dendritic cells (DC), and subpopulations of natural killer T (NKT) cells as additional targets, highlighting potential roles for CCRL2 in human cell types beyond neutrophils that warrants future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Su
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Brooks
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Pelker
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tatyana Andreyeva
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hanna Sobon
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roger Gifford
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew Powers
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jing Wang
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Corey Dower
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Martin Hegen
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dean Messing
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Joseph J. Brennan
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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4
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Winkler A, Sun W, De S, Jiao A, Sharif MN, Symanowicz PT, Athale S, Shin JH, Wang J, Jacobson BA, Ramsey SJ, Dower K, Andreyeva T, Liu H, Hegen M, Homer BL, Brodfuehrer J, Tilley M, Gilbert SA, Danto SI, Beebe JJ, Barnes BJ, Pascual V, Lin LL, Kilty I, Fleming M, Rao VR. The Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 4 Inhibitor PF-06650833 Blocks Inflammation in Preclinical Models of Rheumatic Disease and in Humans Enrolled in a Randomized Clinical Trial. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:2206-2218. [PMID: 34423919 PMCID: PMC8671219 DOI: 10.1002/art.41953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of PF-06650833, a highly potent and selective small-molecule inhibitor of interleukin-1-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4), in autoimmune pathophysiology in vitro, in vivo, and in the clinical setting. METHODS Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inflammatory pathophysiology was modeled in vitro through 1) stimulation of primary human macrophages with anti-citrullinated protein antibody immune complexes (ICs), 2) RA fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) cultures stimulated with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, as well as 3) additional human primary cell cocultures exposed to inflammatory stimuli. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathophysiology was simulated in human neutrophils, dendritic cells, B cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with TLR ligands and SLE patient ICs. PF-06650833 was evaluated in vivo in the rat collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model and the mouse pristane-induced and MRL/lpr models of lupus. Finally, RNA sequencing data generated with whole blood samples from a phase I multiple-ascending-dose clinical trial of PF-06650833 were used to test in vivo human pharmacology. RESULTS In vitro, PF-06650833 inhibited human primary cell inflammatory responses to physiologically relevant stimuli generated with RA and SLE patient plasma. In vivo, PF-06650833 reduced circulating autoantibody levels in the pristane-induced and MRL/lpr murine models of lupus and protected against CIA in rats. In a phase I clinical trial (NCT02485769), PF-06650833 demonstrated in vivo pharmacologic action pertinent to SLE by reducing whole blood interferon gene signature expression in healthy volunteers. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that inhibition of IRAK4 kinase activity can reduce levels of inflammation markers in humans and provide confidence in the rationale for clinical development of IRAK4 inhibitors for rheumatologic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saurav De
- The Feinstein Institute, Manhasset, New York
| | | | | | | | - Shruti Athale
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Ju Wang
- Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - Heng Liu
- Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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5
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Gerstenberger BS, Ambler C, Arnold EP, Banker ME, Brown MF, Clark JD, Dermenci A, Dowty ME, Fensome A, Fish S, Hayward MM, Hegen M, Hollingshead BD, Knafels JD, Lin DW, Lin TH, Owen DR, Saiah E, Sharma R, Vajdos FF, Xing L, Yang X, Yang X, Wright SW. Discovery of Tyrosine Kinase 2 (TYK2) Inhibitor (PF-06826647) for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13561-13577. [PMID: 32787094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a member of the JAK kinase family that regulates signal transduction downstream of receptors for the IL-23/IL-12 pathways and type I interferon family, where it pairs with JAK2 or JAK1, respectively. On the basis of human genetic and emerging clinical data, a selective TYK2 inhibitor provides an opportunity to treat autoimmune diseases delivering a potentially differentiated clinical profile compared to currently approved JAK inhibitors. The discovery of an ATP-competitive pyrazolopyrazinyl series of TYK2 inhibitors was accomplished through computational and structurally enabled design starting from a known kinase hinge binding motif. With understanding of PK/PD relationships, a target profile balancing TYK2 potency and selectivity over off-target JAK2 was established. Lead optimization involved modulating potency, selectivity, and ADME properties which led to the identification of the clinical candidate PF-06826647 (22).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric P Arnold
- Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | | | - James D Clark
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Martin E Dowty
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrew Fensome
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Susan Fish
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Martin Hegen
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | | | - David W Lin
- Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Tsung H Lin
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dafydd R Owen
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eddine Saiah
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Raman Sharma
- Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Li Xing
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Xin Yang
- Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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6
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Fensome A, Ambler CM, Arnold E, Banker ME, Clark JD, Dowty ME, Efremov IV, Flick A, Gerstenberger BS, Gifford RS, Gopalsamy A, Hegen M, Jussif J, Limburg DC, Lin TH, Pierce BS, Sharma R, Trujillo JI, Vajdos FF, Vincent F, Wan ZK, Xing L, Yang X, Yang X. Design and optimization of a series of 4-(3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amines: Dual inhibitors of TYK2 and JAK1. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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7
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Dowty ME, Lin TH, Jesson MI, Hegen M, Martin DA, Katkade V, Menon S, Telliez J. Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis demonstrate similar profiles of in vitro cytokine receptor inhibition. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00537. [PMID: 31832202 PMCID: PMC6857076 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have emerged as an effective class of therapies for various inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). JAK inhibitors function intracellularly by modulating the catalytic activity of JAKs and disrupting the receptor-mediated signaling of multiple cytokines and growth factors, including those with pro-inflammatory activity. Understanding the inhibition profiles of different JAK inhibitors, based on the associated cytokine receptors and downstream inflammatory pathways affected, is important to identify the potential mechanisms for observed differences in efficacy and safety. This study applied an integrated modeling approach, using in vitro whole blood cytokine inhibition potencies and plasma pharmacokinetics, to determine JAK-dependent cytokine receptor inhibition profiles, in the context of doses estimated to provide a similar clinical response in RA clinical trials. The calculated profiles of cytokine receptor inhibition for the JAK inhibitors tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib, and filgotinib and its metabolite, were generally similar when clinically efficacious doses for RA were considered. Only minor numerical differences in percentage cytokine receptor inhibition were observed, suggesting limited differentiation of these inhibitors based on JAK pharmacology, with each showing a differential selectivity for JAK1 heterodimer inhibition. Nevertheless, only robust clinical testing involving head-to-head studies will ultimately determine whether there are clinically meaningful differences between these JAK inhibitors. Furthermore, ongoing and future research into inhibitors with alternative JAK selectivity remains of clinical importance. Thus, all JAK inhibitors should be characterized via thorough preclinical, metabolic and pharmacological evaluation, adequate long-term clinical data, and when available, real-world experience.
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8
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Schnute ME, Wennerstål M, Alley J, Bengtsson M, Blinn JR, Bolten CW, Braden T, Bonn T, Carlsson B, Caspers N, Chen M, Choi C, Collis LP, Crouse K, Färnegårdh M, Fennell KF, Fish S, Flick AC, Goos-Nilsson A, Gullberg H, Harris PK, Heasley SE, Hegen M, Hromockyj AE, Hu X, Husman B, Janosik T, Jones P, Kaila N, Kallin E, Kauppi B, Kiefer JR, Knafels J, Koehler K, Kruger L, Kurumbail RG, Kyne RE, Li W, Löfstedt J, Long SA, Menard CA, Mente S, Messing D, Meyers MJ, Napierata L, Nöteberg D, Nuhant P, Pelc MJ, Prinsen MJ, Rhönnstad P, Backström-Rydin E, Sandberg J, Sandström M, Shah F, Sjöberg M, Sundell A, Taylor AP, Thorarensen A, Trujillo JI, Trzupek JD, Unwalla R, Vajdos FF, Weinberg RA, Wood DC, Xing L, Zamaratski E, Zapf CW, Zhao Y, Wilhelmsson A, Berstein G. Discovery of 3-Cyano-N-(3-(1-isobutyrylpiperidin-4-yl)-1-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)benzamide: A Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor C2 Inverse Agonist. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10415-10439. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tomas Bonn
- Karo Bio AB (now Karo Pharma AB), 111 48 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Carlsson
- Karo Bio AB (now Karo Pharma AB), 111 48 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicole Caspers
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ming Chen
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Chulho Choi
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew C. Flick
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | | | | | - Steven E. Heasley
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | | | | | - Bolette Husman
- Karo Bio AB (now Karo Pharma AB), 111 48 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomasz Janosik
- Karo Bio AB (now Karo Pharma AB), 111 48 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Björn Kauppi
- Karo Bio AB (now Karo Pharma AB), 111 48 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - John Knafels
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Konrad Koehler
- Karo Bio AB (now Karo Pharma AB), 111 48 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Kruger
- Karo Bio AB (now Karo Pharma AB), 111 48 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ravi G. Kurumbail
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robert E. Kyne
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | | | | | - Carol A. Menard
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Philippe Nuhant
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Sjöberg
- Karo Bio AB (now Karo Pharma AB), 111 48 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aron Sundell
- Karo Bio AB (now Karo Pharma AB), 111 48 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - John I. Trujillo
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | | | - Felix F. Vajdos
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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9
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Fensome A, Ambler CM, Arnold E, Banker ME, Brown MF, Chrencik J, Clark JD, Dowty ME, Efremov IV, Flick A, Gerstenberger BS, Gopalsamy A, Hayward MM, Hegen M, Hollingshead BD, Jussif J, Knafels JD, Limburg DC, Lin D, Lin TH, Pierce BS, Saiah E, Sharma R, Symanowicz PT, Telliez JB, Trujillo JI, Vajdos FF, Vincent F, Wan ZK, Xing L, Yang X, Yang X, Zhang L. Dual Inhibition of TYK2 and JAK1 for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases: Discovery of (( S)-2,2-Difluorocyclopropyl)((1 R,5 S)-3-(2-((1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl)methanone (PF-06700841). J Med Chem 2018; 61:8597-8612. [PMID: 30113844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine signaling is an important characteristic of autoimmune diseases. Many pro-inflammatory cytokines signal through the Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. JAK1 is important for the γ-common chain cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6, and type-I interferon (IFN) family, while TYK2 in addition to type-I IFN signaling also plays a role in IL-23 and IL-12 signaling. Intervention with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or JAK1 inhibitors has demonstrated efficacy in Phase III psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis studies, leading to multiple drug approvals. We hypothesized that a dual JAK1/TYK2 inhibitor will provide additional efficacy, while managing risk by optimizing selectivity against JAK2 driven hematopoietic changes. Our program began with a conformationally constrained piperazinyl-pyrimidine Type 1 ATP site inhibitor, subsequent work led to the discovery of PF-06700841 (compound 23), which is in Phase II clinical development (NCT02969018, NCT02958865, NCT03395184, and NCT02974868).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Fensome
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Catherine M Ambler
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Eric Arnold
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Mary Ellen Banker
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Matthew F Brown
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Jill Chrencik
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - James D Clark
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Martin E Dowty
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Ivan V Efremov
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Andrew Flick
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Brian S Gerstenberger
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Ariamala Gopalsamy
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Matthew M Hayward
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Martin Hegen
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Brett D Hollingshead
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Jason Jussif
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - John D Knafels
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - David C Limburg
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - David Lin
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Tsung H Lin
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Betsy S Pierce
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Eddine Saiah
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Raman Sharma
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Peter T Symanowicz
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Jean-Baptiste Telliez
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - John I Trujillo
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Felix F Vajdos
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Fabien Vincent
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Zhao-Kui Wan
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Li Xing
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Xin Yang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Liying Zhang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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10
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van der Geest T, Roeleveld DM, Walgreen B, Helsen MM, Nayak TK, Klein C, Hegen M, Storm G, Metselaar JM, van den Berg WB, van der Kraan PM, Laverman P, Boerman OC, Koenders MI. Imaging fibroblast activation protein to monitor therapeutic effects of neutralizing interleukin-22 in collagen-induced arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57:737-747. [PMID: 29361119 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives RA is a chronic autoimmune disease leading to progressive destruction of cartilage and bone. RA patients show elevated IL-22 levels and the amount of IL-22-producing Th cells positively correlates with the extent of erosive disease, suggesting a role for this cytokine in RA pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of SPECT/CT imaging with 111In-labelled anti-fibroblast activation protein antibody (28H1) to monitor the therapeutic effect of neutralizing IL-22 in experimental arthritis. Methods Mice (six mice/group) with CIA received anti-IL-22 or isotype control antibodies. To monitor therapeutic effects after treatment, SPECT/CT images were acquired 24 h after injection of 111In-28H1. Imaging results were compared with macroscopic, histologic and radiographic arthritis scores. Results Neutralizing IL-22 before CIA onset effectively prevented arthritis development, reaching a disease incidence of only 50%, vs 100% in the control group. SPECT imaging showed significantly lower joint tracer uptake in mice treated early with anti-IL-22 antibodies compared with the control-treated group. Reduction of disease activity in those mice was confirmed by macroscopic, histological and radiographic pathology scores. However, when treatment was initiated in a later phase of CIA, progression of joint pathology could not be prevented. Conclusion These findings suggest that IL-22 plays an important role in CIA development, and neutralizing this cytokine seems an attractive new strategy in RA treatment. Most importantly, SPECT/CT imaging with 111In-28H1 can be used to specifically monitor therapy responses, and is potentially more sensitive in disease monitoring than the gold standard method of macroscopic arthritis scoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa van der Geest
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Debbie M Roeleveld
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitte Walgreen
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique M Helsen
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tapan K Nayak
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hegen
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht
- Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Josbert M Metselaar
- Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic & Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wim B van den Berg
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Laverman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Otto C Boerman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije I Koenders
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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11
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Vazquez ML, Kaila N, Strohbach JW, Trzupek JD, Brown MF, Flanagan ME, Mitton-Fry MJ, Johnson TA, TenBrink RE, Arnold EP, Basak A, Heasley SE, Kwon S, Langille J, Parikh MD, Griffin SH, Casavant JM, Duclos BA, Fenwick AE, Harris TM, Han S, Caspers N, Dowty ME, Yang X, Banker ME, Hegen M, Symanowicz PT, Li L, Wang L, Lin TH, Jussif J, Clark JD, Telliez JB, Robinson RP, Unwalla R. Identification of N-{cis-3-[Methyl(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]cyclobutyl}propane-1-sulfonamide (PF-04965842): A Selective JAK1 Clinical Candidate for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1130-1152. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Vazquez
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Neelu Kaila
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joseph W. Strohbach
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John D. Trzupek
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew F. Brown
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark E. Flanagan
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark J. Mitton-Fry
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Timothy A. Johnson
- Veterinary
Medicine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United States
| | - Ruth E. TenBrink
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Pfizer Inc, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Eric P. Arnold
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Arindrajit Basak
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven E. Heasley
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Soojin Kwon
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jonathan Langille
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mihir D. Parikh
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sarah H. Griffin
- Chemical
Research Development, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Casavant
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Brian A. Duclos
- Veterinary
Medicine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United States
| | - Ashley E. Fenwick
- Veterinary
Medicine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United States
| | - Thomas M. Harris
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Seungil Han
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nicole Caspers
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Martin E. Dowty
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Xin Yang
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mary Ellen Banker
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Martin Hegen
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter T. Symanowicz
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Li Li
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tsung H. Lin
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jason Jussif
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James D. Clark
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jean-Baptiste Telliez
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ralph P. Robinson
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ray Unwalla
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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12
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Lee KL, Ambler CM, Anderson DR, Boscoe BP, Bree AG, Brodfuehrer JI, Chang JS, Choi C, Chung S, Curran KJ, Day JE, Dehnhardt CM, Dower K, Drozda SE, Frisbie RK, Gavrin LK, Goldberg JA, Han S, Hegen M, Hepworth D, Hope HR, Kamtekar S, Kilty IC, Lee A, Lin LL, Lovering FE, Lowe MD, Mathias JP, Morgan HM, Murphy EA, Papaioannou N, Patny A, Pierce BS, Rao VR, Saiah E, Samardjiev IJ, Samas BM, Shen MWH, Shin JH, Soutter HH, Strohbach JW, Symanowicz PT, Thomason JR, Trzupek JD, Vargas R, Vincent F, Yan J, Zapf CW, Wright SW. Discovery of Clinical Candidate 1-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-Ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide (PF-06650833), a Potent, Selective Inhibitor of Interleukin-1 Receptor Associated Kinase 4 (IRAK4), by Fragment-Based Drug Design. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5521-5542. [PMID: 28498658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Through fragment-based drug design focused on engaging the active site of IRAK4 and leveraging three-dimensional topology in a ligand-efficient manner, a micromolar hit identified from a screen of a Pfizer fragment library was optimized to afford IRAK4 inhibitors with nanomolar potency in cellular assays. The medicinal chemistry effort featured the judicious placement of lipophilicity, informed by co-crystal structures with IRAK4 and optimization of ADME properties to deliver clinical candidate PF-06650833 (compound 40). This compound displays a 5-unit increase in lipophilic efficiency from the fragment hit, excellent kinase selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties suitable for oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Heidi M Morgan
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc. , 1070 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiangli Yan
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc. , 1070 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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13
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Dekkers JS, Verheul MK, Stoop JN, Liu B, Ioan-Facsinay A, van Veelen PA, de Ru AH, Janssen GMC, Hegen M, Rapecki S, Huizinga TWJ, Trouw LA, Toes REM. Breach of autoreactive B cell tolerance by post-translationally modified proteins. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76:1449-1457. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
ObjectivesOver 50% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) harbour a variety of anti-modified protein antibodies (AMPA) against different post-translationally modified (PTM) proteins, including anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies. At present, it is unknown how AMPA are generated and how autoreactive B cell responses against PTM proteins are induced. Here we studied whether PTM foreign antigens can breach B cell tolerance towards PTM self-proteins.MethodsSerum reactivity towards five carbamylated proteins was determined for 160 patients with RA and 40 healthy individuals. Antibody cross-reactivity was studied by inhibition experiments. Mass spectrometry was performed to identify carbamylated self-proteins in human rheumatic joint tissue. Mice were immunised with carbamylated or non-modified (auto)antigens and analysed for autoantibody responses.ResultsWe show that anti-CarP antibodies in RA are highly cross-reactive towards multiple carbamylated proteins, including modified self-proteins and modified non-self-proteins. Studies in mice show that anti-CarP antibody responses recognising carbamylated self-proteins are induced by immunisation with carbamylated self-proteins and by immunisation with carbamylated proteins of non-self-origin. Similar to the data observed with sera from patients with RA, the murine anti-CarP antibody response was, both at the monoclonal level and the polyclonal level, highly cross-reactive towards multiple carbamylated proteins, including carbamylated self-proteins.ConclusionsSelf-reactive AMPA responses can be induced by exposure to foreign proteins containing PTM. These data show how autoreactive B cell responses against PTM self-proteins can be induced by exposure to PTM foreign proteins and provide new insights on the breach of autoreactive B cell tolerance.
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14
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Thorarensen A, Dowty ME, Banker ME, Juba B, Jussif J, Lin T, Vincent F, Czerwinski RM, Casimiro-Garcia A, Unwalla R, Trujillo JI, Liang S, Balbo P, Che Y, Gilbert AM, Brown MF, Hayward M, Montgomery J, Leung L, Yang X, Soucy S, Hegen M, Coe J, Langille J, Vajdos F, Chrencik J, Telliez JB. Design of a Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3) Specific Inhibitor 1-((2S,5R)-5-((7H-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (PF-06651600) Allowing for the Interrogation of JAK3 Signaling in Humans. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1971-1993. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin E. Dowty
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Louis Leung
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Xin Yang
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
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15
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Telliez JB, Dowty ME, Wang L, Jussif J, Lin T, Li L, Moy E, Balbo P, Li W, Zhao Y, Crouse K, Dickinson C, Symanowicz P, Hegen M, Banker ME, Vincent F, Unwalla R, Liang S, Gilbert AM, Brown MF, Hayward M, Montgomery J, Yang X, Bauman J, Trujillo JI, Casimiro-Garcia A, Vajdos FF, Leung L, Geoghegan KF, Quazi A, Xuan D, Jones L, Hett E, Wright K, Clark JD, Thorarensen A. Discovery of a JAK3-Selective Inhibitor: Functional Differentiation of JAK3-Selective Inhibition over pan-JAK or JAK1-Selective Inhibition. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:3442-3451. [PMID: 27791347 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PF-06651600, a newly discovered potent JAK3-selective inhibitor, is highly efficacious at inhibiting γc cytokine signaling, which is dependent on both JAK1 and JAK3. PF-06651600 allowed the comparison of JAK3-selective inhibition to pan-JAK or JAK1-selective inhibition, in relevant immune cells to a level that could not be achieved previously without such potency and selectivity. In vitro, PF-06651600 inhibits Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation and function, and in vivo it reduces disease pathology in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis as well as in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models. Importantly, by sparing JAK1 function, PF-06651600 selectively targets γc cytokine pathways while preserving JAK1-dependent anti-inflammatory signaling such as the IL-10 suppressive functions following LPS treatment in macrophages and the suppression of TNFα and IL-1β production in IL-27-primed macrophages. Thus, JAK3-selective inhibition differentiates from pan-JAK or JAK1 inhibition in various immune cellular responses, which could potentially translate to advantageous clinical outcomes in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Telliez
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin E. Dowty
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jason Jussif
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tsung Lin
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Li Li
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Erick Moy
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paul Balbo
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yajuan Zhao
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kimberly Crouse
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Caitlyn Dickinson
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter Symanowicz
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin Hegen
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mary Ellen Banker
- Primary Pharmacology Group, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Fabien Vincent
- Primary Pharmacology Group, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ray Unwalla
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sidney Liang
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Adam M. Gilbert
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew F. Brown
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew Hayward
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Justin Montgomery
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Xin Yang
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jonathan Bauman
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John I. Trujillo
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Agustin Casimiro-Garcia
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Felix F. Vajdos
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Louis Leung
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kieran F. Geoghegan
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Amira Quazi
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dejun Xuan
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lyn Jones
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Erik Hett
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Katherine Wright
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James D. Clark
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Atli Thorarensen
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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16
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Mostafavi S, Yoshida H, Moodley D, LeBoité H, Rothamel K, Raj T, Ye CJ, Chevrier N, Zhang SY, Feng T, Lee M, Casanova JL, Clark JD, Hegen M, Telliez JB, Hacohen N, De Jager PL, Regev A, Mathis D, Benoist C. Parsing the Interferon Transcriptional Network and Its Disease Associations. Cell 2016; 164:564-78. [PMID: 26824662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 interferon (IFN) is a key mediator of organismal responses to pathogens, eliciting prototypical "interferon signature genes" that encode antiviral and inflammatory mediators. For a global view of IFN signatures and regulatory pathways, we performed gene expression and chromatin analyses of the IFN-induced response across a range of immunocyte lineages. These distinguished ISGs by cell-type specificity, kinetics, and sensitivity to tonic IFN and revealed underlying changes in chromatin configuration. We combined 1,398 human and mouse datasets to computationally infer ISG modules and their regulators, validated by genetic analysis in both species. Some ISGs are controlled by Stat1/2 and Irf9 and the ISRE DNA motif, but others appeared dependent on non-canonical factors. This regulatory framework helped to interpret JAK1 blockade pharmacology, different clusters being affected under tonic or IFN-stimulated conditions, and the IFN signatures previously associated with human diseases, revealing unrecognized subtleties in disease footprints, as affected by human ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mostafavi
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Statistics and Department Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Hideyuki Yoshida
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Devapregasan Moodley
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hugo LeBoité
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine Rothamel
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Towfique Raj
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicolas Chevrier
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ting Feng
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark Lee
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Diane Mathis
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Christophe Benoist
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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17
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Telliez JB, Wang L, Jussif J, Lin T, Li L, Moy E, Li W, Zhao Y, Crouse K, Symanowicz P, Hegen M, Banker M, Vincent F, Clark J, Thorarensen A. OP0155 Development of A JAK3 Specific Inhibitor Clinical Candidate: Functional Differentiation of JAK3 Selective Inhibition over PAN-JAK or JAK1 Selective Inhibition. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Roeleveld D, van der Geest T, Nayak T, Klein C, Walgreen B, Helsen M, Hegen M, Laverman P, Boerman O, Koenders M. OP0075 Sensitive Spect/CT Imaging of Synovial Fap Expression after Anti-IL-22 Treatment in Experimental Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.3195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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19
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Verheul MK, Stoop JN, Liu BS, Shi J, Jansen DTSL, Hegen M, Huizinga TWJ, Trouw LA, Toes REM. A1.55 Development of antibodies specific for carbamylated protein precedes disease onset in MICE with collagen-induced arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-205124.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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20
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LaBranche TP, Jesson MI, Radi ZA, Storer CE, Guzova JA, Bonar SL, Thompson JM, Happa FA, Stewart ZS, Zhan Y, Bollinger CS, Bansal PN, Wellen JW, Wilkie DP, Bailey SA, Symanowicz PT, Hegen M, Head RD, Kishore N, Mbalaviele G, Meyer DM. JAK inhibition with tofacitinib suppresses arthritic joint structural damage through decreased RANKL production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:3531-42. [DOI: 10.1002/art.34649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Vugmeyster Y, Entrican CA, Joyce AP, Lawrence-Henderson RF, Leary BA, Mahoney CS, Patel HK, Raso SW, Olland SH, Hegen M, Xu X. Pharmacokinetic, biodistribution, and biophysical profiles of TNF nanobodies conjugated to linear or branched poly(ethylene glycol). Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1452-62. [PMID: 22731748 DOI: 10.1021/bc300066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to therapeutic proteins has been used to prolong in vivo exposure of therapeutic proteins. We have examined pharmacokinetic, biodistribution, and biophysical profiles of three different tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) Nanobody-40 kDa PEG conjugates: linear 1 × 40 KDa, branched 2 × 20 kDa, and 4 × 10 kDa conjugates. In accord with earlier reports, the superior PK profile was observed for the branched versus linear PEG conjugates, while all three conjugates had similar potency in a cell-based assay. Our results also indicate that (i) a superior PK profile of branched versus linear PEGs is likely to hold across species, (ii) for a given PEG size, the extent of PEG branching affects the PK profile, and (iii) tissue penetration may differ between linear and branched PEG conjugates in a tissue-specific manner. Biophysical analysis (R(g)/R(h) ratio) demonstrated that among the three protein-PEG conjugates the linear PEG conjugate had the most extended time-average conformation and the most exposed surface charges. We hypothesized that these biophysical characteristics of the linear PEG conjugate accounts for relatively less optimal masking of sites involved in elimination of the PEGylated Nanobodies (e.g., intracellular uptake and proteolysis), leading to lower in vivo exposure compared to the branched PEG conjugates. However, additional studies are needed to test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Vugmeyster
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA.
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22
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Kim KH, Maderna A, Schnute ME, Hegen M, Mohan S, Miyashiro J, Lin L, Li E, Keegan S, Lussier J, Wrocklage C, Nickerson-Nutter CL, Wittwer AJ, Soutter H, Caspers N, Han S, Kurumbail R, Dunussi-Joannopoulos K, Douhan J, Wissner A. Imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines as irreversible BTK inhibitors for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6258-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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23
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Kollias G, Papadaki P, Apparailly F, Vervoordeldonk MJ, Holmdahl R, Baumans V, Desaintes C, Di Santo J, Distler J, Garside P, Hegen M, Huizinga TWJ, Jüngel A, Klareskog L, McInnes I, Ragoussis I, Schett G, Hart B', Tak PP, Toes R, van den Berg W, Wurst W, Gay S. Animal models for arthritis: innovative tools for prevention and treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70:1357-62. [PMID: 21628308 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.148551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) requires the interplay between clinical observations and studies in animal models. Given the complex molecular pathogenesis and highly heterogeneous clinical picture of RA, there is an urgent need to dissect its multifactorial nature and to propose new strategies for preventive, early and curative treatments. Research on animal models has generated new knowledge on RA pathophysiology and aetiology and has provided highly successful paradigms for innovative drug development. Recent focus has shifted towards the discovery of novel biomarkers, with emphasis on presymptomatic and emerging stages of human RA, and towards addressing the pathophysiological mechanisms and subsequent efficacy of interventions that underlie different disease variants. Shifts in the current paradigms underlying RA pathogenesis have also led to increased demand for new (including humanised) animal models. There is therefore an urgent need to integrate the knowledge on human and animal models with the ultimate goal of creating a comprehensive 'pathogenesis map' that will guide alignment of existing and new animal models to the subset of disease they mimic. This requires full and standardised characterisation of all models at the genotypic, phenotypic and biomarker level, exploiting recent technological developments in 'omics' profiling and computational biology as well as state of the art bioimaging. Efficient integration and dissemination of information and resources as well as outreach to the public will be necessary to manage the plethora of data accumulated and to increase community awareness and support for innovative animal model research in rheumatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kollias
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming,Institute of Immunology, Vari-Athens, Greece.
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24
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Lin TH, Hegen M, Quadros E, Nickerson-Nutter CL, Appell KC, Cole AG, Shao Y, Tam S, Ohlmeyer M, Wang B, Goodwin DG, Kimble EF, Quintero J, Gao M, Symanowicz P, Wrocklage C, Lussier J, Schelling SH, Hewet AG, Xuan D, Krykbaev R, Togias J, Xu X, Harrison R, Mansour T, Collins M, Clark JD, Webb ML, Seidl KJ. Selective functional inhibition of JAK-3 is sufficient for efficacy in collagen-induced arthritis in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:2283-93. [PMID: 20506481 DOI: 10.1002/art.27536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE All gamma-chain cytokines signal through JAK-3 and JAK-1 acting in tandem. We undertook this study to determine whether the JAK-3 selective inhibitor WYE-151650 would be sufficient to disrupt cytokine signaling and to ameliorate autoimmune disease pathology without inhibiting other pathways mediated by JAK-1, JAK-2, and Tyk-2. METHODS JAK-3 kinase selective compounds were characterized by kinase assay and JAK-3-dependent (interleukin-2 [IL-2]) and -independent (IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]) cell-based assays measuring proliferation or STAT phosphorylation. In vivo, off-target signaling was measured by IL-22- and erythropoietin (EPO)-mediated models, while on-target signaling was measured by IL-2-mediated signaling. Efficacy of JAK-3 inhibitors was determined using delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) models in mice. RESULTS In vitro, WYE-151650 potently suppressed IL-2-induced STAT-5 phosphorylation and cell proliferation, while exhibiting 10-29-fold less activity against JAK-3-independent IL-6- or GM-CSF-induced STAT phosphorylation. Ex vivo, WYE-151650 suppressed IL-2-induced STAT phosphorylation, but not IL-6-induced STAT phosphorylation, as measured in whole blood. In vivo, WYE-151650 inhibited JAK-3-mediated IL-2-induced interferon-gamma production and decreased the natural killer cell population in mice, while not affecting IL-22-induced serum amyloid A production or EPO-induced reticulocytosis. WYE-151650 was efficacious in mouse DTH and CIA models. CONCLUSION In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo assays demonstrate that WYE-151650 is efficacious in mouse CIA despite JAK-3 selectivity. These data question the need to broadly inhibit JAK-1-, JAK-2-, or Tyk-2-dependent cytokine pathways for efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung H Lin
- Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cranbury, New Jersey, USA
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McKew JC, Lee KL, Shen MWH, Thakker P, Foley MA, Behnke ML, Hu B, Sum FW, Tam S, Hu Y, Chen L, Kirincich SJ, Michalak R, Thomason J, Ipek M, Wu K, Wooder L, Ramarao MK, Murphy EA, Goodwin DG, Albert L, Xu X, Donahue F, Ku MS, Keith J, Nickerson-Nutter CL, Abraham WM, Williams C, Hegen M, Clark JD. Indole cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha inhibitors: discovery and in vitro and in vivo characterization of 4-{3-[5-chloro-2-(2-{[(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)sulfonyl]amino}ethyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]propyl}benzoic acid, efipladib. J Med Chem 2008; 51:3388-413. [PMID: 18498150 DOI: 10.1021/jm701467e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of a class of indole cPLA 2 alpha inhibitors is described herein. The importance of the substituent at C3 and the substitution pattern of the phenylmethane sulfonamide region are highlighted. Optimization of these regions led to the discovery of 111 (efipladib) and 121 (WAY-196025), which are shown to be potent, selective inhibitors of cPLA 2 alpha in a variety of isolated enzyme assays, cell based assays, and rat and human whole blood assays. The binding of these compounds has been further examined using isothermal titration calorimetry. Finally, these compounds have shown efficacy when dosed orally in multiple acute and chronic prostaglandin and leukotriene dependent in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C McKew
- Department of Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 200 CambridgePark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
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Lamothe J, Lee K, Schelling S, Stedman N, Leach M, McKew J, Clark J, Nickerson-Nutter C, Hegen M. Sa.29. Efficacy of Giripladib, a Novel Inhibitor of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α, in Two Different Mouse Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Clin Immunol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.03.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hegen M, Keith JC, Collins M, Nickerson-Nutter CL. Utility of animal models for identification of potential therapeutics for rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 67:1505-15. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2007.076430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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28
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Young DA, Hegen M, Ma HLM, Whitters MJ, Albert LM, Lowe L, Senices M, Wu PW, Sibley B, Leathurby Y, Brown TP, Nickerson-Nutter C, Keith JC, Collins M. Blockade of the interleukin-21/interleukin-21 receptor pathway ameliorates disease in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:1152-63. [PMID: 17393408 DOI: 10.1002/art.22452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a T cell-derived cytokine that modulates T cell, B cell, and natural killer cell responses. In this study, the effects of blocking IL-21 were examined in 2 rodent models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to determine whether IL-21 contributes to their pathologic processes. METHODS DBA/1 mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen and then treated with murine IL-21 receptor Fc fusion protein (IL-21R.Fc), which was initiated after the onset of arthritis symptoms in 10% of the cohort. The mice were assessed 3 times per week for signs of disease, including histologic features as well as serum cytokine, Ig, and cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in the paws. In a separate experiment, Lewis rats were immunized with Freund's complete adjuvant followed by administration of IL-21R.Fc at the peak of inflammation in the joints. Rats were assessed daily for histologic features and for scoring of arthritis severity. In addition, the effects of IL-21R.Fc on the production of interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) by T cells were examined. RESULTS Treatment of DBA/1 mice with IL-21R.Fc reduced the clinical and histologic signs of collagen-induced arthritis. Nonspecific IgG1 levels were decreased in response to treatment. The levels of IL-6 mRNA in the paws and the serum IL-6 levels were decreased after treatment with IL-21R.Fc. IFNgamma mRNA levels were increased in the paws, and the addition of IL-21R.Fc to collagen-activated lymph node cultures enhanced the levels of IFNgamma. Collagen-specific spleen cell responses in IL-21R.Fc-treated mice were observed as reduced levels of IFNgamma and increased levels of IL-6. Treatment of Lewis rats with IL-21R.Fc after induction of adjuvant-induced arthritis resulted in reversal of disease signs and improvements in histologic parameters. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate a pathogenic role for IL-21 in animal models of RA, and support consideration of IL-21 as a therapeutic target in human RA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/blood
- Cytokines/genetics
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-21 Receptor alpha Subunit/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-21 Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Interleukins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukins/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/drug effects
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Interleukin-21/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-21/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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29
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Young DA, Hegen M, Ma H, Napierata L, Lamothe J, Senices M, Lowe L, Collins M, Nickerson-Nutter C. IL-21 modulates cytokine levels in murine collagen-induced arthritis and contributes to disease pathology. Arthritis Res Ther 2007; 9 Suppl 3:P1-39. [PMID: 17967205 PMCID: PMC3226085 DOI: 10.1186/ar2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
TNF-alpha is a pleiotropic cytokine considered a primary mediator of immune regulation and inflammatory response and has been shown to play a central role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MAPKAP kinase 2 (MK2) is a serine/threonine kinase that is regulated through direct phosphorylation by p38 MAPK, and has been shown to be an essential component in the inflammatory response that regulates the biosynthesis of TNF-alpha at a posttranscriptional level. The murine model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is an established disease model to study pathogenic mechanisms relevant to RA. In this study, we report that deletion of the MK2 gene in DBA/1LacJ mice confers protection against CIA. Interestingly, the MK2 heterozygous mutants display an intermediate level of protection when compared with homozygous mutant and wild-type littermates. We show that MK2(-/-) and MK2(+/-) mice exhibit decreased disease incidence and severity in the CIA disease model and reduced TNF-alpha and IL-6 serum levels following LPS/d-Gal treatment compared with wild-type mice. Additionally, we show that levels of IL-6 mRNA in paws of mice with CIA correlate with the disease status. These findings suggest that an MK2 inhibitor could be of great therapeutic value to treat inflammatory diseases like RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hegen
- Inflammation Department, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
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31
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Dunussi-Joannopoulos K, Hancock GE, Kunz A, Hegen M, Zhou XX, Sheppard BJ, Lamothe J, Li E, Ma HL, Hamann PR, Damle NK, Collins M. B-cell depletion inhibits arthritis in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model, but does not adversely affect humoral responses in a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccination model. Blood 2005; 106:2235-43. [PMID: 15947095 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-11-4547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe report the development of a mouse B cell-depleting immunoconjugate (anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody [mAb] conjugated to calicheamicin) and its in vivo use to characterize the kinetics of CD22+ B-cell depletion and reconstitution in murine primary and secondary lymphoid tissues. The effect of B-cell depletion was further studied in a murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model and a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccination model. Our results show that (1) the immunoconjugate has B-cell-specific in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity; (2) B-cell reconstitution starts in the bone marrow and spleen around day 30 after depletion and is completed in all tissues tested by day 50; (3) B-cell depletion inhibits the development of clinical and histologic arthritis in the CIA model; (4) depletion of type II collagen antibody levels is not necessary for clinical and histologic prevention of CIA; and (5) B-cell depletion does not adversely affect memory antibody responses after challenge nor clearance of infectious virus from lungs in the RSV vaccination model. These results demonstrate for the first time that only B-cell reduction but not type II collagen antibody levels correlate with the prevention of arthritis and represent key insights into the role of CD22-targeted B-cell depletion in mouse autoimmunity and vaccination models.
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32
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Zhang Y, Hegen M, Xu J, Keith JC, Jin G, Du X, Cummons T, Sheppard BJ, Sun L, Zhu Y, Rao VR, Wang Q, Xu W, Cowling R, Nickerson-Nutter CL, Gibbons J, Skotnicki J, Lin LL, Levin J. Characterization of (2R, 3S)-2-([[4-(2-butynyloxy)phenyl]sulfonyl]amino)-N,3-dihydroxybutanamide, a potent and selective inhibitor of TNF-alpha converting enzyme. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 4:1845-57. [PMID: 15531300 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2004] [Revised: 08/13/2004] [Accepted: 08/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) is a validated therapeutic target for the development of oral tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors. Here we report the pre-clinical results and characterization of a selective and potent TACE inhibitor, (2R, 3S)-2-([[4-(2-butynyloxy)phenyl]sulfonyl]amino)-N,3-dihydroxybutanamide (TMI-2), in various in vitro and in vivo assays. TMI-2 is a potent TACE inhibitor in an enzymatic FRET assay (IC50=2 nM). It is more than 250-fold selective over MMP-1, -7, -9, -14, and ADAM-10 in vitro. In cell-based assays and human whole blood, TMI-2 inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF secretion with IC50s<1 uM. Importantly, TMI-2 inhibits the spontaneous release of TNF-alpha in human synovium tissue explants of rheumatoid arthritis patients with an IC50 of 0.8 microM. In vivo, TMI-2 potently inhibits LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in mice (ED50=3 mg/kg). In the adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) model in rats, treatment with TMI-2 at 30 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg p.o. b.i.d. was highly effective in reducing joint arthritis scores. In a semi-therapeutic collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model in mice, TMI-2 is highly effective in reducing disease severity scores after oral treatment at 100 mg/kg twice per day. In summary, TMI-2 is a potent and selective TACE inhibitor that inhibits TNF-alpha production and reduces the arthritis scores in pre-clinical models. TMI-2 represents a novel class of TACE inhibitors that may be effective and beneficial in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis as well as other TNF-mediated inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zhang
- Department of Inflammation, Wyeth Research, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
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33
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Zhang Y, Xu J, Levin J, Hegen M, Li G, Robertshaw H, Brennan F, Cummons T, Clarke D, Vansell N, Nickerson-Nutter C, Barone D, Mohler K, Black R, Skotnicki J, Gibbons J, Feldmann M, Frost P, Larsen G, Lin LL. Identification and Characterization of 4-[[4-(2-Butynyloxy)phenyl]sulfonyl]-N-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-(3S)thiomorpholinecarboxamide (TMI-1), a Novel Dual Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Converting Enzyme/Matrix Metalloprotease Inhibitor for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 309:348-55. [PMID: 14718605 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.059675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is a well validated therapeutic target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. TNF-alpha is initially synthesized as a 26-kDa membrane-bound form (pro-TNF) that is cleaved by a Zn-metalloprotease named TNF-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE) to generate the 17-kDa, soluble, mature TNF-alpha. TACE inhibitors that prevent the secretion of soluble TNF-alpha may be effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Using a structure-based design approach, we have identified a novel dual TACE/matrix metalloprotease (MMP) inhibitor 4-[[4-(2-butynyloxy)phenyl]sulfonyl]-N-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-(3S)thiomorpholinecarboxamide (TMI-1). This molecule inhibits TACE and several MMPs with nanomolar IC(50) values in vitro. In cell-based assays such as monocyte cell lines, human primary monocytes, and human whole blood, it inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-alpha secretion at submicromolar concentrations, whereas there is no effect on the TNF-alpha mRNA level as judged by RNase protection assay. The inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-alpha secretion is selective because TMI-1 has no effect on the secretion of other proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8. Importantly, TMI-1 potently inhibits TNF-alpha secretion by human synovium tissue explants of RA patients. In vivo, TMI-1 is highly effective in reducing clinical severity scores in mouse prophylactic collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg p.o. b.i.d. and therapeutic CIA model at 100 mg/kg p.o. b.i.d. In summary, TMI-1, a dual TACE/MMP inhibitor, represents a unique class of orally bioavailable small molecule TNF inhibitors that may be effective and beneficial for treating RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zhang
- Wyeth Research, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
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Hegen M, Sun L, Uozumi N, Kume K, Goad ME, Nickerson-Nutter CL, Shimizu T, Clark JD. Cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha-deficient mice are resistant to collagen-induced arthritis. J Exp Med 2003; 197:1297-302. [PMID: 12743172 PMCID: PMC2193788 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic mechanisms relevant to rheumatoid arthritis occur in the mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha (cPLA2alpha) releases arachidonic acid from cell membranes to initiate the production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. These inflammatory mediators have been implicated in the development of CIA. To test the hypothesis that cPLA2alpha plays a key role in the development of CIA, we backcrossed cPLA2alpha-deficient mice on the DBA/1LacJ background that is susceptible to CIA. The disease severity scores and the incidence of disease were markedly reduced in cPLA2alpha-deficient mice compared with wild-type littermates. At completion of the study, >90% of the wild-type mice had developed disease whereas none of the cPLA2alpha-deficient mice had more than one digit inflamed. Furthermore, visual disease scores correlated with severity of disease determined histologically. Pannus formation, articular fibrillation, and ankylosis were all dramatically reduced in the cPLA2alpha-deficient mice. Although the disease scores differed significantly between cPLA2alpha mutant and wild-type mice, anti-collagen antibody levels were similar in the wild-type mice and mutant littermates. These data demonstrate the critical role of cPLA2alpha in the pathogenesis of CIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hegen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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35
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Krishnan J, Kirkin V, Steffen A, Hegen M, Weih D, Tomarev S, Wilting J, Sleeman JP. Differential in vivo and in vitro expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D in tumors and its relationship to lymphatic metastasis in immunocompetent rats. Cancer Res 2003; 63:713-22. [PMID: 12566318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
The presence of metastases in regional lymph nodes is a strong indicator of poor patient survival. A number of clinical and experimental studies suggest that tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis driven by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C- and/or VEGF-D-induced activation of VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-3 may promote metastasis to regional lymph nodes. Here we show that constitutive VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression by tumor cells of diverse origin grown in tissue culture does not correlate with metastatic potential in vivo. However, tumors derived from cell lines that do not constitutively express VEGF-C or VEGF-D in tissue culture can nevertheless express one or both of these factors. We demonstrate that both tumor and stromal cells can contribute to this expression, suggesting that tumor cell-host interactions determine tumor expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D. Using immunocompetent rat mammary tumor models, we show in two ways that this expression can promote metastasis via the lymphatics. Firstly, ectopic expression of a soluble VEGFR-3 receptor globulin protein in MT-450 tumor cells that are highly metastatic via the lymphatics blocked VEGF-C and VEGF-D activity and suppressed metastasis formation in both the regional lymph nodes and the lungs. Secondly, ectopic expression in the weakly metastatic NM-081 cell line of a mutant form of VEGF-C that is only able to activate VEGFR-3 strongly promoted metastasis of these cells to the regional lymph nodes and lung. These data show that expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in tissue culture does not reflect expression in vivo and that activation of VEGFR-3 in the absence of VEGFR-2 activation is sufficient to promote tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis and metastasis, and they support the notion that blockade of VEGFR-3 activation will be useful as a novel form of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Krishnan
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Genetics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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36
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Pfisterer P, Ehlermann J, Hegen M, Schorle H. A subtractive gene expression screen suggests a role of transcription factor AP-2 alpha in control of proliferation and differentiation. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:6637-44. [PMID: 11741941 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m108578200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor AP-2 alpha has been implicated as a cell type-specific regulator of gene expression during vertebrate embryogenesis based on its expression pattern in neural crest cells, ectoderm, and the nervous system in mouse and frog embryos. AP-2 alpha is prominently expressed in cranial neural crest cells, a population of cells that migrate from the lateral margins of the brain plate during closure of the neural tube at day 8-9 of embryonic development. Homozygous AP-2 alpha mutant mice die perinatally with cranio-abdominoschisis, full facial clefting, and defects in cranial ganglia and sensory organs, indicating the importance of this gene for proper development. By using a subtractive cloning approach, we identified a set of genes repressed by AP-2 alpha that are described to retard cellular proliferation and induce differentiation and apoptosis. We show that these target genes are prematurely expressed in AP-2 alpha mutant mice. One of the genes isolated, the Krüppel-box transcription factor KLF-4 implicated in induction of terminal differentiation and growth regulation, is found expressed in mutant embryonic fibroblasts. We show that fibroblasts lacking AP-2 alpha display retarded growth but no enhanced apoptosis. Based on these data we suggest that AP-2 alpha might be required for cell proliferation by suppression of genes inducing terminal differentiation, apoptosis, and growth retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Pfisterer
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, ITG, Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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37
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Dong RP, Tachibana K, Hegen M, Scharpé S, Cho D, Schlossman S, Morimoto C. Correlation of the epitopes defined by anti-CD26 mAbs and CD26 function. Mol Immunol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(98)80013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dong RP, Tachibana K, Hegen M, Scharpé S, Cho D, Schlossman SF, Morimoto C. Correlation of the epitopes defined by anti-CD26 mAbs and CD26 function. Mol Immunol 1998; 35:13-21. [PMID: 9683260 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(98)00015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the different anti-CD26 mAbs corresponding different functions of CD26, the correlation of the epitopes defined by anti-CD26 mAbs and the functions of CD26 have been studied. Using truncated, human-rat CD26 swap mutants and cross-blocking studies, 13 anti-CD26 mAbs were divided into 5 separate groups. These 5 epitopes were localized between the 1-247th, 248-358th, 359-449th (closer to the 359th amino acid), 450-577th and 359 653th amino acid regions. MAbs against two of these five epitopes, the 248-358th and 359-449th amino acid regions, were associated with inducing modulation of CD26 and T-cell costimulation through the CD3 pathway. Furthermore, mAbs against one of these epitopes, the 359-449th amino acid region, appeared to encompass the ADA binding domain. Analysing the avidity of each mAb to the CD26 molecule using DPPIV enzymatic activity as an indicator, we found that the function of CD26 had little correlation with the avidity of anti-CD26 mAbs, suggesting that distinct epitopes defined by anti-CD26 mAbs appeared to be associated with different functions of CD26. These results will be very useful in the further definition of the functional domains of CD26.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Dong
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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39
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Dong RP, Tachibana K, Hegen M, Munakata Y, Cho D, Schlossman SF, Morimoto C. Determination of adenosine deaminase binding domain on CD26 and its immunoregulatory effect on T cell activation. J Immunol 1997; 159:6070-6. [PMID: 9550406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CD26, a 110-kDa cell surface glycoprotein, exhibits dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme activity and plays an important role in T cell costimulation. In the present study, we examined both the exact adenosine deaminase (ADA) binding domain on CD26 and the functional consequences of mutated CD26 transfectants that were deficient for cell surface ADA. Using CD26 deletion, human-rat swap, and point mutations, we found that the residues of L340, V341, A342, and R343 on the CD26 molecule were essential amino acids for ADA binding. When these amino acids were mutated and transfected into Jurkat cells, the resultant CD26 transfectants expressed only CD26, not ADA, on the cell surface. The amount of IL-2 produced by wild-type and mutated CD26 transfectants was almost the same following stimulation with anti-CD3 plus PMA. However, the mutated CD26 transfectants were much more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of adenosine on IL-2 production than were the wild CD26 transfectants. These data suggest that ADA on the cell surface does not directly involve T cell activation. Conversely, CD26 alone does not result in modulating the inhibitory effect of adenosine. Only the ADA bound to CD26 on the cell surface was functional and could counteract the inhibitory effect of elevated extracellular adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Dong
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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40
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Dong RP, Tachibana K, Hegen M, Munakata Y, Cho D, Schlossman SF, Morimoto C. Determination of adenosine deaminase binding domain on CD26 and its immunoregulatory effect on T cell activation. The Journal of Immunology 1997. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.159.12.6070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CD26, a 110-kDa cell surface glycoprotein, exhibits dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme activity and plays an important role in T cell costimulation. In the present study, we examined both the exact adenosine deaminase (ADA) binding domain on CD26 and the functional consequences of mutated CD26 transfectants that were deficient for cell surface ADA. Using CD26 deletion, human-rat swap, and point mutations, we found that the residues of L340, V341, A342, and R343 on the CD26 molecule were essential amino acids for ADA binding. When these amino acids were mutated and transfected into Jurkat cells, the resultant CD26 transfectants expressed only CD26, not ADA, on the cell surface. The amount of IL-2 produced by wild-type and mutated CD26 transfectants was almost the same following stimulation with anti-CD3 plus PMA. However, the mutated CD26 transfectants were much more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of adenosine on IL-2 production than were the wild CD26 transfectants. These data suggest that ADA on the cell surface does not directly involve T cell activation. Conversely, CD26 alone does not result in modulating the inhibitory effect of adenosine. Only the ADA bound to CD26 on the cell surface was functional and could counteract the inhibitory effect of elevated extracellular adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Dong
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - K Tachibana
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - M Hegen
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Y Munakata
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - D Cho
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - S F Schlossman
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - C Morimoto
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Hegen M, Kameoka J, Dong RP, Morimoto C, Schlossman SF. Structure of CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV) and function in human T cell activation. Adv Exp Med Biol 1997; 421:109-16. [PMID: 9330687 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-9613-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Hegen
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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42
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Hegen M, Kameoka J, Dong RP, Schlossman SF, Morimoto C. Cross-linking of CD26 by antibody induces tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. Immunol Suppl 1997; 90:257-64. [PMID: 9135555 PMCID: PMC1456738 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1997.00053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CD26, a T-cell activation antigen that has dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity in its extracellular domain and has also been shown to play an important role in T-cell activation. The earliest biochemical events seen in stimulated T lymphocytes activated through the engagement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) is the tyrosine phosphorylation of a panel of cellular proteins. In this study we demonstrate that antibody-induced cross-linking of CD26-in CD26-transfected Jurkat cells induced tyrosine phosphorylation of several intracellular proteins with a similar pattern to that seen after TCR/CD3 stimulation. Herbimycin A, an inhibitor of the src family protein tyrosine kinases dramatically inhibited this CD26-mediated effect on tyrosine phosphorylation. Major tyrosine phosphorylated proteins were identified by immunoblotting, and included p56lck, p59fyn, zeta associated protein-tyrosine kinase of 70,000 MW (ZAP-70), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, c-Cb1, and phospholipase C gamma. CD26-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of MAP kinase correlated with increased MAP kinase activity. In addition, CD26 was costimulatory to CD3 signal transduction since co-cross-linking of CD26 and CD3 antigens induced prolonged and increased tyrosine phosphorylation in comparison with CD3 activation alone. We therefore conclude that CD26 is a true costimulatory entity that can up-regulate the signal transducing properties of the TCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hegen
- Division of Tumor Immunology, DanaFarber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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43
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Wu MX, Ao Z, Hegen M, Morimoto C, Schlossman SF. Requirement of Fas(CD95), CD45, and CD11a/CD18 in monocyte-dependent apoptosis of human T cells. The Journal of Immunology 1996. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.157.2.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that upon activation, monocytes (Mo) were able to sensitize peripheral blood T (PBT) cells to apoptosis induced by treatment with PMA. However, it is unknown what gene products provide the death signal to the sensitized PBT cells and how activated Mo enable PBT cells to become susceptible to apoptosis. Here, we show that PBT cells, but not Mo, express functional Fas ligand upon treatment with PMA. Moreover, this Mo-dependent T cell apoptosis could be blocked by a Fas-Ig fusion protein, as well as by a nonlytic mAb against Fas molecule. These results strongly suggest involvement of Fas-Fas ligand interaction in the death of PBT cells. Unlike Fas-induced apoptosis, however, Mo-dependent T cell death was completely inhibited by overexpression of the Bcl-2 protein, and PMA alone was sufficient to trigger apoptosis in T cells when Mo were included in culture. Furthermore, anti-CD11a, anti-CD18, or anti-CD45/CD45RA mAbs; could prevent PBT cells from death triggered by PMA plus Mo, suggesting that these Ags participate in the apoptotic process. The participation of CD45RA in the death of PBT cells was further demonstrated by the observation that the J45.01 cell line, a CD45-deficient variant of Jurkat cells, did not undergo apoptosis by this Mo-dependent mechanism. When transfected with cDNA encoding CD45RA, J45.01 cells acquired apoptotic response to PMA stimulation in the presence of Mo to a similar, but lesser, degree than normal Jurkat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M X Wu
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Z Ao
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - M Hegen
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - C Morimoto
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - S F Schlossman
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Wu MX, Ao Z, Hegen M, Morimoto C, Schlossman SF. Requirement of Fas(CD95), CD45, and CD11a/CD18 in monocyte-dependent apoptosis of human T cells. J Immunol 1996; 157:707-13. [PMID: 8752920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that upon activation, monocytes (Mo) were able to sensitize peripheral blood T (PBT) cells to apoptosis induced by treatment with PMA. However, it is unknown what gene products provide the death signal to the sensitized PBT cells and how activated Mo enable PBT cells to become susceptible to apoptosis. Here, we show that PBT cells, but not Mo, express functional Fas ligand upon treatment with PMA. Moreover, this Mo-dependent T cell apoptosis could be blocked by a Fas-Ig fusion protein, as well as by a nonlytic mAb against Fas molecule. These results strongly suggest involvement of Fas-Fas ligand interaction in the death of PBT cells. Unlike Fas-induced apoptosis, however, Mo-dependent T cell death was completely inhibited by overexpression of the Bcl-2 protein, and PMA alone was sufficient to trigger apoptosis in T cells when Mo were included in culture. Furthermore, anti-CD11a, anti-CD18, or anti-CD45/CD45RA mAbs; could prevent PBT cells from death triggered by PMA plus Mo, suggesting that these Ags participate in the apoptotic process. The participation of CD45RA in the death of PBT cells was further demonstrated by the observation that the J45.01 cell line, a CD45-deficient variant of Jurkat cells, did not undergo apoptosis by this Mo-dependent mechanism. When transfected with cDNA encoding CD45RA, J45.01 cells acquired apoptotic response to PMA stimulation in the presence of Mo to a similar, but lesser, degree than normal Jurkat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M X Wu
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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45
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Dong RP, Kameoka J, Hegen M, Tanaka T, Xu Y, Schlossman SF, Morimoto C. Characterization of adenosine deaminase binding to human CD26 on T cells and its biologic role in immune response. J Immunol 1996; 156:1349-55. [PMID: 8568233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
CD26, a T cell activation Ag, also known as dipeptidyl peptidase IV, is directly associated with adenosine deaminase (ADA) on the surface of T cells and T cell lines. In the present study, we examined both the binding of ADA and CD26 and the functional consequences of this interaction. We found that ADA was associated with CD26 on T cell lines lacking either ADA or dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzymatic activity, indicating that the association between dipeptidyl peptidase IV and ADA did not require enzymatic activity. Moreover, using immunoelectron microscopy, we demonstrated that CD26 and ADA co-localized on the cell surface, but not inside cells, suggesting that CD26 did not transport ADA to the surface. In keeping with this observation, we showed that human CD26-transfected murine pre-B cell lines lacking human ADA acquired ADA from an extracellular source. More importantly, adenosine in the absence of cell surface ADA inhibited T cell proliferation and IL-2 production induced by various stimuli. On the other hand, cells expressing ADA and CD26 on the surface were much more resistant to the inhibitory effect of adenosine. These data suggest that ADA on the cell surface is involved in an important immunoregulatory mechanism by which released ADA binds to cell surface CD26, and this complex is capable of reducing the local concentration of adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Dong
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Dong RP, Kameoka J, Hegen M, Tanaka T, Xu Y, Schlossman SF, Morimoto C. Characterization of adenosine deaminase binding to human CD26 on T cells and its biologic role in immune response. The Journal of Immunology 1996. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.156.4.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CD26, a T cell activation Ag, also known as dipeptidyl peptidase IV, is directly associated with adenosine deaminase (ADA) on the surface of T cells and T cell lines. In the present study, we examined both the binding of ADA and CD26 and the functional consequences of this interaction. We found that ADA was associated with CD26 on T cell lines lacking either ADA or dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzymatic activity, indicating that the association between dipeptidyl peptidase IV and ADA did not require enzymatic activity. Moreover, using immunoelectron microscopy, we demonstrated that CD26 and ADA co-localized on the cell surface, but not inside cells, suggesting that CD26 did not transport ADA to the surface. In keeping with this observation, we showed that human CD26-transfected murine pre-B cell lines lacking human ADA acquired ADA from an extracellular source. More importantly, adenosine in the absence of cell surface ADA inhibited T cell proliferation and IL-2 production induced by various stimuli. On the other hand, cells expressing ADA and CD26 on the surface were much more resistant to the inhibitory effect of adenosine. These data suggest that ADA on the cell surface is involved in an important immunoregulatory mechanism by which released ADA binds to cell surface CD26, and this complex is capable of reducing the local concentration of adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Dong
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J Kameoka
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - M Hegen
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - T Tanaka
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Y Xu
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - S F Schlossman
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - C Morimoto
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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47
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Hegen M, Mittrücker HW, Hug R, Demuth HU, Neubert K, Barth A, Fleischer B. Enzymatic activity of CD26 (dipeptidylpeptidase IV) is not required for its signalling function in T cells. Immunobiology 1993; 189:483-93. [PMID: 7907318 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-2985(11)80419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
CD26 is a proteolytic enzyme (dipeptidylpeptidase IV) expressed on the T cell surface that defines an alternative activation signal for human T lymphocytes. Crosslinking of CD26 via monoclonal antibodies triggers proliferation and cytotoxicity in preactivated T cells. In this study, we used highly specific competitive and irreversible inhibitors of dipeptidylpeptidase IV to study the role of the enzymatic activity in activation of CD26-transfected T cells as well as of CD26-expressing normal human T cell clones. These inhibitors at concentrations that blocked up to 95% of the enzymatic activity, did not specifically inhibit T cell activation neither via TCR/CD3 nor via CD26 itself. This demonstrates that the enzymatic activity of CD26 is not required for its T cell activating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hegen
- First Department of Medicine, University of Mainz, Germany
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48
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Abstract
CD26 (Tp103) is a proteolytic enzyme (dipeptidyl peptidase IV) expressed on the T cell surface that defines an alternative activation signal for human T lymphocytes. It is absent from or present in only low amounts on resting T cells but it is expressed strongly after activation. Crosslinking of CD26/Tp103 via the monoclonal antibody CB.1 triggers functional activities in preactivated T cells. To study the molecular requirements for T cell activation via CD26 we transfected a cDNA encoding CD26 into several CD26-negative cells. In Jurkat T cell leukemia cells that normally do not express the CD26 antigen, the transfected CD26 molecule is functional because the monoclonal antibody CB.1 induces an increase of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and IL-2 production. For this stimulatory effect a crosslinking of the monoclonal antibody CB.1 is necessary. After modulation of the TCR/CD3 complex the transfected Jurkat cells were insensitive to triggering via CD26. Moreover, a CD26-transfected TCR-negative variant of Jurkat cells did not respond to CD26 triggering despite high levels of expression of the molecule on their surface. These data demonstrate that the function of CD26/Tp103 is dependent on the expression of the T cell receptor complex. In search of a physiological function of CD26 we found a costimulatory effect of mAb CB.1 in combination with the nonstimulatory anti-CD3 antibody BMA030 and an additive effect in the response to the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin E. Transfected Jurkat cells, however, did not show a reproducibly enhanced responsiveness to the superantigen compared to that of untransfected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hegen
- First Department of Medicine, University of Mainz, Germany
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49
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Hegen M, Niedobitek G, Klein CE, Stein H, Fleischer B. The T cell triggering molecule Tp103 is associated with dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV activity. J Immunol 1990; 144:2908-14. [PMID: 1969875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tp103 is a 103-kDa T cell activation molecule that defines an alternative activation signal for human T lymphocytes. It is absent from or present in only low amounts on resting T cells but is expressed strongly after activation. Cross-linking of Tp103 via a mAb CB.1 leads to triggering of functional activities in preactivated CD3+ T lymphocytes. By using mAb CB.1 in immunohistology we found that Tp103 is expressed in epithelial cells of various tissues, such as kidney, prostate, epidermis and on endothelia of liver, spleen, lungs, and most vessels, and in bile duct canaliculi in the liver. We found a carcinoma cell line expressing Tp103 and could precipitate a 110-kDa molecule from the surface of these cells. We considered several known molecules of similar distribution and molecular mass for identity with Tp103 and show here that Tp103 is probably identical to the proteolytic enzyme dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV. When we purified Tp103 by affinity chromatography, typical dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV activity copurified with Tp103. On activated T cells the enzymatic activity associated with Tp103 is expressed on the outside of the cell. We show that mAb CB.1 recognizes the same molecule as the anti-CD26 mAb anti-Ta1. The anti-Ta1 mAb was found to have T cell-activating activity too, but to differ in its requirements for triggering of T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hegen
- First Department of Medicine, University of Mainz, FRG
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50
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Hegen M, Niedobitek G, Klein CE, Stein H, Fleischer B. The T cell triggering molecule Tp103 is associated with dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV activity. The Journal of Immunology 1990. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.144.8.2908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Tp103 is a 103-kDa T cell activation molecule that defines an alternative activation signal for human T lymphocytes. It is absent from or present in only low amounts on resting T cells but is expressed strongly after activation. Cross-linking of Tp103 via a mAb CB.1 leads to triggering of functional activities in preactivated CD3+ T lymphocytes. By using mAb CB.1 in immunohistology we found that Tp103 is expressed in epithelial cells of various tissues, such as kidney, prostate, epidermis and on endothelia of liver, spleen, lungs, and most vessels, and in bile duct canaliculi in the liver. We found a carcinoma cell line expressing Tp103 and could precipitate a 110-kDa molecule from the surface of these cells. We considered several known molecules of similar distribution and molecular mass for identity with Tp103 and show here that Tp103 is probably identical to the proteolytic enzyme dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV. When we purified Tp103 by affinity chromatography, typical dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV activity copurified with Tp103. On activated T cells the enzymatic activity associated with Tp103 is expressed on the outside of the cell. We show that mAb CB.1 recognizes the same molecule as the anti-CD26 mAb anti-Ta1. The anti-Ta1 mAb was found to have T cell-activating activity too, but to differ in its requirements for triggering of T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hegen
- First Department of Medicine, University of Mainz, FRG
| | - G Niedobitek
- First Department of Medicine, University of Mainz, FRG
| | - C E Klein
- First Department of Medicine, University of Mainz, FRG
| | - H Stein
- First Department of Medicine, University of Mainz, FRG
| | - B Fleischer
- First Department of Medicine, University of Mainz, FRG
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