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Fensome A, Ambler CM, Arnold E, Banker ME, Clark JD, Dowty ME, Efremov IV, Flick A, Gerstenberger BS, Gifford RS, Gopalsamy A, Hegen M, Jussif J, Limburg DC, Lin TH, Pierce BS, Sharma R, Trujillo JI, Vajdos FF, Vincent F, Wan ZK, Xing L, Yang X, Yang X. Design and optimization of a series of 4-(3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amines: Dual inhibitors of TYK2 and JAK1. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Fensome A, Ambler CM, Arnold E, Banker ME, Brown MF, Chrencik J, Clark JD, Dowty ME, Efremov IV, Flick A, Gerstenberger BS, Gopalsamy A, Hayward MM, Hegen M, Hollingshead BD, Jussif J, Knafels JD, Limburg DC, Lin D, Lin TH, Pierce BS, Saiah E, Sharma R, Symanowicz PT, Telliez JB, Trujillo JI, Vajdos FF, Vincent F, Wan ZK, Xing L, Yang X, Yang X, Zhang L. Dual Inhibition of TYK2 and JAK1 for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases: Discovery of (( S)-2,2-Difluorocyclopropyl)((1 R,5 S)-3-(2-((1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl)methanone (PF-06700841). J Med Chem 2018; 61:8597-8612. [PMID: 30113844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine signaling is an important characteristic of autoimmune diseases. Many pro-inflammatory cytokines signal through the Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. JAK1 is important for the γ-common chain cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6, and type-I interferon (IFN) family, while TYK2 in addition to type-I IFN signaling also plays a role in IL-23 and IL-12 signaling. Intervention with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or JAK1 inhibitors has demonstrated efficacy in Phase III psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis studies, leading to multiple drug approvals. We hypothesized that a dual JAK1/TYK2 inhibitor will provide additional efficacy, while managing risk by optimizing selectivity against JAK2 driven hematopoietic changes. Our program began with a conformationally constrained piperazinyl-pyrimidine Type 1 ATP site inhibitor, subsequent work led to the discovery of PF-06700841 (compound 23), which is in Phase II clinical development (NCT02969018, NCT02958865, NCT03395184, and NCT02974868).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Fensome
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Catherine M Ambler
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Eric Arnold
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Mary Ellen Banker
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Matthew F Brown
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Jill Chrencik
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - James D Clark
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Martin E Dowty
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Ivan V Efremov
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Andrew Flick
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Brian S Gerstenberger
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Ariamala Gopalsamy
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Matthew M Hayward
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Martin Hegen
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Brett D Hollingshead
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Jason Jussif
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - John D Knafels
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - David C Limburg
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - David Lin
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Tsung H Lin
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Betsy S Pierce
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Eddine Saiah
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Raman Sharma
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Peter T Symanowicz
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Jean-Baptiste Telliez
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - John I Trujillo
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Felix F Vajdos
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Fabien Vincent
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Zhao-Kui Wan
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Li Xing
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Xin Yang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Liying Zhang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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Hall JD, Wang H, Byrnes LJ, Shanker S, Wang K, Efremov IV, Chong PA, Forman-Kay JD, Aulabaugh AE. Binding screen for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator correctors finds new chemical matter and yields insights into cystic fibrosis therapeutic strategy. Protein Sci 2016; 25:360-73. [PMID: 26444971 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The most common mutation in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is deletion of F508 (ΔF508) in the first nucleotide binding domain (NBD1) of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). ΔF508 causes a decrease in the trafficking of CFTR to the cell surface and reduces the thermal stability of isolated NBD1; it is well established that both of these effects can be rescued by additional revertant mutations in NBD1. The current paradigm in CF small molecule drug discovery is that, like revertant mutations, a path may exist to ΔF508 CFTR correction through a small molecule chaperone binding to NBD1. We, therefore, set out to find small molecule binders of NBD1 and test whether it is possible to develop these molecules into potent binders that increase CFTR trafficking in CF-patient-derived human bronchial epithelial cells. Several fragments were identified that bind NBD1 at either the CFFT-001 site or the BIA site. However, repeated attempts to improve the affinity of these fragments resulted in only modest gains. Although these results cannot prove that there is no possibility of finding a high-affinity small molecule binder of NBD1, they are discouraging and lead us to hypothesize that the nature of these two binding sites, and isolated NBD1 itself, may not contain the features needed to build high-affinity interactions. Future work in this area may, therefore, require constructs including other domains of CFTR in addition to NBD1, if high-affinity small molecule binding is to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Hall
- Structural Biology and Biophysics Group, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, 06340
| | - Hong Wang
- Structural Biology and Biophysics Group, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, 06340
| | - Laura J Byrnes
- Structural Biology and Biophysics Group, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, 06340
| | - Suman Shanker
- Structural Biology and Biophysics Group, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, 06340
| | - Kelong Wang
- Structural Biology and Biophysics Group, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, 06340
| | - Ivan V Efremov
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, , Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02140
| | - P Andrew Chong
- Molecular Structure and Function Program, Hospital for Sick Kids, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Julie D Forman-Kay
- Molecular Structure and Function Program, Hospital for Sick Kids, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ann E Aulabaugh
- Structural Biology and Biophysics Group, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, 06340
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4
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Efremov IV, Vajdos FF, Borzilleri KA, Capetta S, Chen H, Dorff PH, Dutra JK, Goldstein SW, Mansour M, McColl A, Noell S, Oborski CE, O’Connell TN, O’Sullivan TJ, Pandit J, Wang H, Wei B, Withka JM. Discovery and Optimization of a Novel Spiropyrrolidine Inhibitor of β-Secretase (BACE1) through Fragment-Based Drug Design. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9069-88. [DOI: 10.1021/jm201715d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Efremov
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road,
Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Felix F. Vajdos
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road,
Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kris A. Borzilleri
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road,
Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven Capetta
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road,
Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Hou Chen
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road,
Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Peter H. Dorff
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road,
Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jason K. Dutra
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road,
Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven W. Goldstein
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road,
Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mahmoud Mansour
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road,
Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Alexander McColl
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road,
Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Stephen Noell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road,
Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christine E. Oborski
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road,
Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Thomas N. O’Connell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road,
Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Theresa J. O’Sullivan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road,
Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jayvardhan Pandit
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road,
Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road,
Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - BinQing Wei
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road,
Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jane M. Withka
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road,
Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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5
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Stepan AF, Subramanyam C, Efremov IV, Dutra JK, O'Sullivan TJ, DiRico KJ, McDonald WS, Won A, Dorff PH, Nolan CE, Becker SL, Pustilnik LR, Riddell DR, Kauffman GW, Kormos BL, Zhang L, Lu Y, Capetta SH, Green ME, Karki K, Sibley E, Atchison KP, Hallgren AJ, Oborski CE, Robshaw AE, Sneed B, O'Donnell CJ. Application of the bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane motif as a nonclassical phenyl ring bioisostere in the design of a potent and orally active γ-secretase inhibitor. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3414-24. [PMID: 22420884 DOI: 10.1021/jm300094u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of the central, para-substituted fluorophenyl ring in the γ-secretase inhibitor 1 (BMS-708,163) with the bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane motif led to the discovery of compound 3, an equipotent enzyme inhibitor with significant improvements in passive permeability and aqueous solubility. The modified biopharmaceutical properties of 3 translated into excellent oral absorption characteristics (~4-fold ↑ C(max) and AUC values relative to 1) in a mouse model of γ-secretase inhibition. In addition, SAR studies into other fluorophenyl replacements indicate the intrinsic advantages of the bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane moiety over conventional phenyl ring replacements with respect to achieving an optimal balance of properties (e.g., γ-secretase inhibition, aqueous solubility/permeability, in vitro metabolic stability). Overall, this work enhances the scope of the [1.1.1]-bicycle beyond that of a mere "spacer" unit and presents a compelling case for its broader application as a phenyl group replacement in scenarios where the aromatic ring count impacts physicochemical parameters and overall drug-likeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia F Stepan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.
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6
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Stepan AF, Karki K, McDonald WS, Dorff PH, Dutra JK, DiRico KJ, Won A, Subramanyam C, Efremov IV, O’Donnell CJ, Nolan CE, Becker SL, Pustilnik LR, Sneed B, Sun H, Lu Y, Robshaw AE, Riddell D, O'Sullivan TJ, Sibley E, Capetta S, Atchison K, Hallgren AJ, Miller E, Wood A, Obach RS. Metabolism-Directed Design of Oxetane-Containing Arylsulfonamide Derivatives as γ-Secretase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2011; 54:7772-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200893p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia F. Stepan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kapil Karki
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - W. Scott McDonald
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Peter H. Dorff
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jason K. Dutra
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kenneth J. DiRico
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Annie Won
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Chakrapani Subramanyam
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ivan V. Efremov
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J. O’Donnell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Charles E. Nolan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Stacey L. Becker
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Leslie R. Pustilnik
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Blossom Sneed
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Hao Sun
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yasong Lu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ashley E. Robshaw
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Riddell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Theresa J. O'Sullivan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Evelyn Sibley
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven Capetta
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kevin Atchison
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Andrew J. Hallgren
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Emily Miller
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Anthony Wood
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - R. Scott Obach
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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7
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Zhang L, Brodney MA, Candler J, Doran AC, Duplantier AJ, Efremov IV, Evrard E, Kraus K, Ganong AH, Haas JA, Hanks AN, Jenza K, Lazzaro JT, Maklad N, McCarthy SA, Qian W, Rogers BN, Rottas MD, Schmidt CJ, Siuciak JA, Tingley FD, Zhang AQ. 1-[(1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-4-phenylpiperidines as mGluR2 Positive Allosteric Modulators for the Treatment of Psychosis. J Med Chem 2011; 54:1724-39. [DOI: 10.1021/jm101414h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael A. Brodney
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John Candler
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Angela C. Doran
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Allen J. Duplantier
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ivan V. Efremov
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Edel Evrard
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kenneth Kraus
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Alan H. Ganong
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jessica A. Haas
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ashley N. Hanks
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Keith Jenza
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John T. Lazzaro
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Noha Maklad
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sheryl A. McCarthy
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Weimin Qian
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Bruce N. Rogers
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Melinda D. Rottas
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J. Schmidt
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Judith A. Siuciak
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - F. David Tingley
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Andy Q. Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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