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Stepan AF, Subramanyam C, Efremov IV, Dutra JK, O'Sullivan TJ, DiRico KJ, McDonald WS, Won A, Dorff PH, Nolan CE, Becker SL, Pustilnik LR, Riddell DR, Kauffman GW, Kormos BL, Zhang L, Lu Y, Capetta SH, Green ME, Karki K, Sibley E, Atchison KP, Hallgren AJ, Oborski CE, Robshaw AE, Sneed B, O'Donnell CJ. Application of the bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane motif as a nonclassical phenyl ring bioisostere in the design of a potent and orally active γ-secretase inhibitor. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3414-24. [PMID: 22420884 DOI: 10.1021/jm300094u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of the central, para-substituted fluorophenyl ring in the γ-secretase inhibitor 1 (BMS-708,163) with the bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane motif led to the discovery of compound 3, an equipotent enzyme inhibitor with significant improvements in passive permeability and aqueous solubility. The modified biopharmaceutical properties of 3 translated into excellent oral absorption characteristics (~4-fold ↑ C(max) and AUC values relative to 1) in a mouse model of γ-secretase inhibition. In addition, SAR studies into other fluorophenyl replacements indicate the intrinsic advantages of the bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane moiety over conventional phenyl ring replacements with respect to achieving an optimal balance of properties (e.g., γ-secretase inhibition, aqueous solubility/permeability, in vitro metabolic stability). Overall, this work enhances the scope of the [1.1.1]-bicycle beyond that of a mere "spacer" unit and presents a compelling case for its broader application as a phenyl group replacement in scenarios where the aromatic ring count impacts physicochemical parameters and overall drug-likeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia F Stepan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.
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Stepan AF, Karki K, McDonald WS, Dorff PH, Dutra JK, DiRico KJ, Won A, Subramanyam C, Efremov IV, O’Donnell CJ, Nolan CE, Becker SL, Pustilnik LR, Sneed B, Sun H, Lu Y, Robshaw AE, Riddell D, O'Sullivan TJ, Sibley E, Capetta S, Atchison K, Hallgren AJ, Miller E, Wood A, Obach RS. Metabolism-Directed Design of Oxetane-Containing Arylsulfonamide Derivatives as γ-Secretase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2011; 54:7772-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200893p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia F. Stepan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kapil Karki
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - W. Scott McDonald
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Peter H. Dorff
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jason K. Dutra
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kenneth J. DiRico
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Annie Won
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Chakrapani Subramanyam
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ivan V. Efremov
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J. O’Donnell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Charles E. Nolan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Stacey L. Becker
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Leslie R. Pustilnik
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Blossom Sneed
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Hao Sun
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yasong Lu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ashley E. Robshaw
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Riddell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Theresa J. O'Sullivan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Evelyn Sibley
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven Capetta
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kevin Atchison
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Andrew J. Hallgren
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Emily Miller
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Anthony Wood
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - R. Scott Obach
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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Lu Y, Zhang L, Nolan CE, Becker SL, Atchison K, Robshaw AE, Pustilnik LR, Osgood SM, Miller EH, Stepan AF, Subramanyam C, Efremov I, Hallgren AJ, Riddell D. Quantitative pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analyses suggest that the 129/SVE mouse is a suitable preclinical pharmacology model for identifying small-molecule γ-secretase inhibitors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 339:922-34. [PMID: 21930801 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.186791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a serious public health threat to the United States. Disease-modifying drugs slowing AD progression are in urgent need, but they are still unavailable. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, inhibition of β- or γ-secretase, key enzymes for the production of amyloid β (Aβ), may be viable mechanisms for the treatment of AD. For the discovery of γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs), the APP-overexpressing Tg2576 mouse has been the preclinical model of choice, in part because of the ease of detection of Aβ species in its brain, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Some biological observations and practical considerations, however, argue against the use of the Tg2576 mouse. We reasoned that an animal model would be suitable for GSI discovery if the pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) relationship of a compound for Aβ lowering in this model is predictive of that in human. In this study, we assessed whether the background 129/SVE strain is a suitable preclinical pharmacology model for identifying new GSIs by evaluating the translatability of the intrinsic PK/PD relationships for brain and CSF Aβ across the Tg2576 and 129/SVE mouse and human. Using semimechanistically based PK/PD modeling, our analyses indicated that the intrinsic PK/PD relationship for brain Aβx-42 and CSF Aβx-40 in the 129/SVE mouse is indicative of that for human CSF Aβ. This result, in conjunction with practical considerations, strongly suggests that the 129/SVE mouse is a suitable model for GSI discovery. Concurrently, the necessity and utilities of PK/PD modeling for rational interpretation of Aβ data are established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasong Lu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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