1
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Toussi SS, Hammond JL, Gerstenberger BS, Anderson AS. Therapeutics for COVID-19. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:771-786. [PMID: 37142688 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines and monoclonal antibody treatments to prevent severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness were available within a year of the pandemic being declared but there remained an urgent need for therapeutics to treat patients who were not vaccinated, were immunocompromised or whose vaccine immunity had waned. Initial results for investigational therapies were mixed. AT-527, a repurposed nucleoside inhibitor for hepatitis C virus, enabled viral load reduction in a hospitalized cohort but did not reduce viral load in outpatients. The nucleoside inhibitor molnupiravir prevented death but failed to prevent hospitalization. Nirmatrelvir, an inhibitor of the main protease (Mpro), co-dosed with the pharmacokinetic booster ritonavir, reduced hospitalization and death. Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and molnupiravir received an Emergency Use Authorization in the United States at the end of 2021. Immunomodulatory drugs such as baricitinib, tocilizumab and corticosteroid, which target host-driven COVID-19 symptoms, are also in use. We highlight the development of COVID-19 therapies and the challenges that remain for anticoronavirals.
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2
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Gerstenberger BS, Ambler C, Arnold EP, Banker ME, Brown MF, Clark JD, Dermenci A, Dowty ME, Fensome A, Fish S, Hayward MM, Hegen M, Hollingshead BD, Knafels JD, Lin DW, Lin TH, Owen DR, Saiah E, Sharma R, Vajdos FF, Xing L, Yang X, Yang X, Wright SW. Discovery of Tyrosine Kinase 2 (TYK2) Inhibitor (PF-06826647) for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13561-13577. [PMID: 32787094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a member of the JAK kinase family that regulates signal transduction downstream of receptors for the IL-23/IL-12 pathways and type I interferon family, where it pairs with JAK2 or JAK1, respectively. On the basis of human genetic and emerging clinical data, a selective TYK2 inhibitor provides an opportunity to treat autoimmune diseases delivering a potentially differentiated clinical profile compared to currently approved JAK inhibitors. The discovery of an ATP-competitive pyrazolopyrazinyl series of TYK2 inhibitors was accomplished through computational and structurally enabled design starting from a known kinase hinge binding motif. With understanding of PK/PD relationships, a target profile balancing TYK2 potency and selectivity over off-target JAK2 was established. Lead optimization involved modulating potency, selectivity, and ADME properties which led to the identification of the clinical candidate PF-06826647 (22).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric P Arnold
- Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | | | - James D Clark
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Martin E Dowty
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrew Fensome
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Susan Fish
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Martin Hegen
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | | | - David W Lin
- Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Tsung H Lin
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dafydd R Owen
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eddine Saiah
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Raman Sharma
- Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Li Xing
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Xin Yang
- Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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3
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Fensome A, Ambler CM, Arnold E, Banker ME, Clark JD, Dowty ME, Efremov IV, Flick A, Gerstenberger BS, Gifford RS, Gopalsamy A, Hegen M, Jussif J, Limburg DC, Lin TH, Pierce BS, Sharma R, Trujillo JI, Vajdos FF, Vincent F, Wan ZK, Xing L, Yang X, Yang X. Design and optimization of a series of 4-(3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amines: Dual inhibitors of TYK2 and JAK1. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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4
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Fensome A, Ambler CM, Arnold E, Banker ME, Brown MF, Chrencik J, Clark JD, Dowty ME, Efremov IV, Flick A, Gerstenberger BS, Gopalsamy A, Hayward MM, Hegen M, Hollingshead BD, Jussif J, Knafels JD, Limburg DC, Lin D, Lin TH, Pierce BS, Saiah E, Sharma R, Symanowicz PT, Telliez JB, Trujillo JI, Vajdos FF, Vincent F, Wan ZK, Xing L, Yang X, Yang X, Zhang L. Dual Inhibition of TYK2 and JAK1 for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases: Discovery of (( S)-2,2-Difluorocyclopropyl)((1 R,5 S)-3-(2-((1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl)methanone (PF-06700841). J Med Chem 2018; 61:8597-8612. [PMID: 30113844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine signaling is an important characteristic of autoimmune diseases. Many pro-inflammatory cytokines signal through the Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. JAK1 is important for the γ-common chain cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6, and type-I interferon (IFN) family, while TYK2 in addition to type-I IFN signaling also plays a role in IL-23 and IL-12 signaling. Intervention with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or JAK1 inhibitors has demonstrated efficacy in Phase III psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis studies, leading to multiple drug approvals. We hypothesized that a dual JAK1/TYK2 inhibitor will provide additional efficacy, while managing risk by optimizing selectivity against JAK2 driven hematopoietic changes. Our program began with a conformationally constrained piperazinyl-pyrimidine Type 1 ATP site inhibitor, subsequent work led to the discovery of PF-06700841 (compound 23), which is in Phase II clinical development (NCT02969018, NCT02958865, NCT03395184, and NCT02974868).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Fensome
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Catherine M Ambler
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Eric Arnold
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Mary Ellen Banker
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Matthew F Brown
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Jill Chrencik
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - James D Clark
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Martin E Dowty
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Ivan V Efremov
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Andrew Flick
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Brian S Gerstenberger
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Ariamala Gopalsamy
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Matthew M Hayward
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Martin Hegen
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Brett D Hollingshead
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Jason Jussif
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - John D Knafels
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - David C Limburg
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - David Lin
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Tsung H Lin
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Betsy S Pierce
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Eddine Saiah
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Raman Sharma
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Peter T Symanowicz
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Jean-Baptiste Telliez
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - John I Trujillo
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Felix F Vajdos
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Fabien Vincent
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Zhao-Kui Wan
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Li Xing
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Xin Yang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Liying Zhang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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5
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Meier JC, Tallant C, Fedorov O, Witwicka H, Hwang SY, van Stiphout RG, Lambert JP, Rogers C, Yapp C, Gerstenberger BS, Fedele V, Savitsky P, Heidenreich D, Daniels DL, Owen DR, Fish PV, Igoe NM, Bayle ED, Haendler B, Oppermann UC, Buffa F, Brennan PE, Müller S, Gingras AC, Odgren PR, Birnbaum MJ, Knapp S. Selective Targeting of Bromodomains of the Bromodomain-PHD Fingers Family Impairs Osteoclast Differentiation. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:2619-2630. [PMID: 28849908 PMCID: PMC5662925 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetyltransferases of the MYST family are recruited to chromatin by BRPF scaffolding proteins. We explored functional consequences and the therapeutic potential of inhibitors targeting acetyl-lysine dependent protein interaction domains (bromodomains) present in BRPF1-3 in bone maintenance. We report three potent and selective inhibitors: one (PFI-4) with high selectivity for the BRPF1B isoform and two pan-BRPF bromodomain inhibitors (OF-1, NI-57). The developed inhibitors displaced BRPF bromodomains from chromatin and did not inhibit cell growth and proliferation. Intriguingly, the inhibitors impaired RANKL-induced differentiation of primary murine bone marrow cells and human primary monocytes into bone resorbing osteoclasts by specifically repressing transcriptional programs required for osteoclastogenesis. The data suggest a key role of BRPF in regulating gene expression during osteoclastogenesis, and the excellent druggability of these bromodomains may lead to new treatment strategies for patients suffering from bone loss or osteolytic malignant bone lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. Meier
- Target Discovery
Institute and Structural Genomics Consortium, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingom
| | - Cynthia Tallant
- Target Discovery
Institute and Structural Genomics Consortium, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingom
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- Target Discovery
Institute and Structural Genomics Consortium, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingom
| | - Hanna Witwicka
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sung-Yong Hwang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ruud G. van Stiphout
- Department of Oncology, Oxford University, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Philippe Lambert
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Catherine Rogers
- Target Discovery
Institute and Structural Genomics Consortium, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingom
| | - Clarence Yapp
- Target Discovery
Institute and Structural Genomics Consortium, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingom
| | - Brian S. Gerstenberger
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal
Chemistry, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vita Fedele
- Target Discovery
Institute and Structural Genomics Consortium, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingom
| | - Pavel Savitsky
- Target Discovery
Institute and Structural Genomics Consortium, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingom
| | - David Heidenreich
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riedberg Campus, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Dafydd R. Owen
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal
Chemistry, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paul V. Fish
- Department
of Pharmaceutical & Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United
Kingdom
| | - Niall M. Igoe
- Department
of Pharmaceutical & Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United
Kingdom
| | - Elliott D. Bayle
- Department
of Pharmaceutical & Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, United
Kingdom
| | - Bernard Haendler
- Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma
AG, Müllerstrasse
178, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Francesca Buffa
- Department of Oncology, Oxford University, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul E. Brennan
- Target Discovery
Institute and Structural Genomics Consortium, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingom
| | - Susanne Müller
- Target Discovery
Institute and Structural Genomics Consortium, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingom
- Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Riedberg Campus, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anne Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Paul R. Odgren
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mark J. Birnbaum
- Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Target Discovery
Institute and Structural Genomics Consortium, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingom
- Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Riedberg Campus, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riedberg Campus, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Network (DKTK), Frankfurt site, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulho Choi
- Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, Pfizer WorldWide R&D, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Philippe Nuhant
- Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, Pfizer WorldWide R&D, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James J. Mousseau
- Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, Pfizer WorldWide R&D, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, Pfizer WorldWide R&D, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Brian S. Gerstenberger
- Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, Pfizer WorldWide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jessica M. Williams
- Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 15200 Kutztown Road, Kutztown, Pennsylvania 19530, United States
| | - Stephen W. Wright
- Medicinal Chemistry, Medicine Design, Pfizer WorldWide R&D, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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7
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Gerstenberger BS, Trzupek JD, Tallant C, Fedorov O, Filippakopoulos P, Brennan PE, Fedele V, Martin S, Picaud S, Rogers C, Parikh M, Taylor A, Samas B, O'Mahony A, Berg E, Pallares G, Torrey AD, Treiber DK, Samardjiev IJ, Nasipak BT, Padilla-Benavides T, Wu Q, Imbalzano AN, Nickerson JA, Bunnage ME, Müller S, Knapp S, Owen DR. Identification of a Chemical Probe for Family VIII Bromodomains through Optimization of a Fragment Hit. J Med Chem 2016; 59:4800-11. [PMID: 27115555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The acetyl post-translational modification of chromatin at selected histone lysine residues is interpreted by an acetyl-lysine specific interaction with bromodomain reader modules. Here we report the discovery of the potent, acetyl-lysine-competitive, and cell active inhibitor PFI-3 that binds to certain family VIII bromodomains while displaying significant, broader bromodomain family selectivity. The high specificity of PFI-3 for family VIII was achieved through a novel bromodomain binding mode of a phenolic headgroup that led to the unusual displacement of water molecules that are generally retained by most other bromodomain inhibitors reported to date. The medicinal chemistry program that led to PFI-3 from an initial fragment screening hit is described in detail, and additional analogues with differing family VIII bromodomain selectivity profiles are also reported. We also describe the full pharmacological characterization of PFI-3 as a chemical probe, along with phenotypic data on adipocyte and myoblast cell differentiation assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Gerstenberger
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry , 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John D Trzupek
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry , 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cynthia Tallant
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford , NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford , NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Panagis Filippakopoulos
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford , NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul E Brennan
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford , NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Vita Fedele
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford , NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Martin
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford , NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Picaud
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford , NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Rogers
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford , NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mihir Parikh
- Pfizer Pharmaceutical Sciences , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Alexandria Taylor
- Pfizer Pharmaceutical Sciences , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Brian Samas
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Alison O'Mahony
- Bioseek Inc., Division of DiscoveRx , 310 Utah Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ellen Berg
- Bioseek Inc., Division of DiscoveRx , 310 Utah Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gabriel Pallares
- KinomeScan, Division of DiscoveRx , 11180 Roselle Street, Suite D, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Adam D Torrey
- KinomeScan, Division of DiscoveRx , 11180 Roselle Street, Suite D, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Daniel K Treiber
- KinomeScan, Division of DiscoveRx , 11180 Roselle Street, Suite D, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ivan J Samardjiev
- Eurofins Lancaster PPS , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Brian T Nasipak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - Teresita Padilla-Benavides
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - Anthony N Imbalzano
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Nickerson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, United States
| | - Mark E Bunnage
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry , 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Susanne Müller
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford , NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford , NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom.,Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University , Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dafydd R Owen
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry , 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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8
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Fedorov O, Castex J, Tallant C, Owen DR, Martin S, Aldeghi M, Monteiro O, Filippakopoulos P, Picaud S, Trzupek JD, Gerstenberger BS, Bountra C, Willmann D, Wells C, Philpott M, Rogers C, Biggin PC, Brennan PE, Bunnage ME, Schüle R, Günther T, Knapp S, Müller S. Selective targeting of the BRG/PB1 bromodomains impairs embryonic and trophoblast stem cell maintenance. Sci Adv 2015; 1:e1500723. [PMID: 26702435 PMCID: PMC4681344 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian SWI/SNF [also called Brg/Brahma-associated factors (BAFs)] are evolutionarily conserved chromatin-remodeling complexes regulating gene transcription programs during development and stem cell differentiation. BAF complexes contain an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate)-driven remodeling enzyme (either BRG1 or BRM) and multiple protein interaction domains including bromodomains, an evolutionary conserved acetyl lysine-dependent protein interaction motif that recruits transcriptional regulators to acetylated chromatin. We report a potent and cell active protein interaction inhibitor, PFI-3, that selectively binds to essential BAF bromodomains. The high specificity of PFI-3 was achieved on the basis of a novel binding mode of a salicylic acid head group that led to the replacement of water molecules typically maintained in other bromodomain inhibitor complexes. We show that exposure of embryonic stem cells to PFI-3 led to deprivation of stemness and deregulated lineage specification. Furthermore, differentiation of trophoblast stem cells in the presence of PFI-3 was markedly enhanced. The data present a key function of BAF bromodomains in stem cell maintenance and differentiation, introducing a novel versatile chemical probe for studies on acetylation-dependent cellular processes controlled by BAF remodeling complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Fedorov
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Josefina Castex
- Urologische Klinik und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Universität Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 66, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cynthia Tallant
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Dafydd R. Owen
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sarah Martin
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Matteo Aldeghi
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Octovia Monteiro
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Panagis Filippakopoulos
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sarah Picaud
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - John D. Trzupek
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Chas Bountra
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Dominica Willmann
- Urologische Klinik und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Universität Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 66, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Wells
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Martin Philpott
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Catherine Rogers
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Philip C. Biggin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Paul E. Brennan
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Mark E. Bunnage
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Roland Schüle
- Urologische Klinik und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Universität Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 66, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung, Standort Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Günther
- Urologische Klinik und Zentrale Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Universität Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 66, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Corresponding author. E-mail: (T.G.); (S.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Corresponding author. E-mail: (T.G.); (S.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Susanne Müller
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Corresponding author. E-mail: (T.G.); (S.M.); (S.K.)
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9
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Mitton-Fry MJ, Arcari JT, Brown MF, Casavant JM, Finegan SM, Flanagan ME, Gao H, George DM, Gerstenberger BS, Han S, Hardink JR, Harris TM, Hoang T, Huband MD, Irvine R, Lall MS, Megan Lemmon M, Li C, Lin J, McCurdy SP, Mueller JP, Mullins L, Niosi M, Noe MC, Pattavina D, Penzien J, Plummer MS, Risley H, Schuff BP, Shanmugasundaram V, Starr JT, Sun J, Winton J, Young JA. Corrigendum to “Novel monobactams utilizing a siderophore uptake mechanism for the treatment of Gram-negative infections” [Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 22/18 (2012) 5989–5994]. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Starr J, Brown MF, Aschenbrenner L, Caspers N, Che Y, Gerstenberger BS, Huband M, Knafels JD, Lemmon MM, Li C, McCurdy SP, McElroy E, Rauckhorst MR, Tomaras AP, Young JA, Zaniewski RP, Shanmugasundaram V, Han S. Siderophore Receptor-Mediated Uptake of Lactivicin Analogues in Gram-Negative Bacteria. J Med Chem 2014; 57:3845-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500219c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Starr
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew F. Brown
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lisa Aschenbrenner
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nicole Caspers
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ye Che
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Brian S. Gerstenberger
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael Huband
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John D. Knafels
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - M. Megan Lemmon
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Chao Li
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sandra P. McCurdy
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Eric McElroy
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark R. Rauckhorst
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Andrew P. Tomaras
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Young
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Richard P. Zaniewski
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Veerabahu Shanmugasundaram
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Seungil Han
- Medicinal Chemistry, ⧧Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research
Unit, and ¶Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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11
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Brown MF, Mitton-Fry MJ, Arcari JT, Barham R, Casavant J, Gerstenberger BS, Han S, Hardink JR, Harris TM, Hoang T, Huband MD, Lall MS, Lemmon MM, Li C, Lin J, McCurdy SP, McElroy E, McPherson C, Marr ES, Mueller JP, Mullins L, Nikitenko AA, Noe MC, Penzien J, Plummer MS, Schuff BP, Shanmugasundaram V, Starr JT, Sun J, Tomaras A, Young JA, Zaniewski RP. Pyridone-conjugated monobactam antibiotics with gram-negative activity. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5541-52. [PMID: 23755848 DOI: 10.1021/jm400560z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe the structure-aided design and synthesis of a series of pyridone-conjugated monobactam analogues with in vitro antibacterial activity against clinically relevant Gram-negative species including Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Escherichia coli . Rat pharmacokinetic studies with compound 17 demonstrate low clearance and low plasma protein binding. In addition, evidence is provided for a number of analogues suggesting that the siderophore receptors PiuA and PirA play a role in drug uptake in P. aeruginosa strain PAO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Brown
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Computational Chemistry, §Antibacterials Research Unit, ∥Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics & Metabolism, ⊥Structural Biology, Pfizer Global Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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12
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Zapf CW, Gerstenberger BS, Xing L, Limburg DC, Anderson DR, Caspers N, Han S, Aulabaugh A, Kurumbail R, Shakya S, Li X, Spaulding V, Czerwinski RM, Seth N, Medley QG. Covalent Inhibitors of Interleukin-2 Inducible T Cell Kinase (Itk) with Nanomolar Potency in a Whole-Blood Assay. J Med Chem 2012; 55:10047-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301190s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph W. Zapf
- BioTherapeutics Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, 200 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02140, United States
| | - Brian S. Gerstenberger
- BioTherapeutics
Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Li Xing
- BioTherapeutics Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, 200 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02140, United States
| | - David C. Limburg
- BioTherapeutics
Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David R. Anderson
- BioTherapeutics
Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nicole Caspers
- Structure Biology and Biophysics, Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Seungil Han
- Structure Biology and Biophysics, Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ann Aulabaugh
- Structure Biology and Biophysics, Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ravi Kurumbail
- Structure Biology and Biophysics, Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Eastern Point
Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Subarna Shakya
- Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Pfizer Research, 200 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Xin Li
- Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Pfizer Research, 200 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Vikki Spaulding
- Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Pfizer Research, 200 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Robert M. Czerwinski
- Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Pfizer Research, 200 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Nilufer Seth
- Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Pfizer Research, 200 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Quintus G. Medley
- Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Pfizer Research, 200 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02140, United States
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13
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Fish PV, Filippakopoulos P, Bish G, Brennan PE, Bunnage ME, Cook AS, Federov O, Gerstenberger BS, Jones H, Knapp S, Marsden B, Nocka K, Owen DR, Philpott M, Picaud S, Primiano MJ, Ralph MJ, Sciammetta N, Trzupek JD. Identification of a chemical probe for bromo and extra C-terminal bromodomain inhibition through optimization of a fragment-derived hit. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9831-7. [PMID: 23095041 PMCID: PMC3506127 DOI: 10.1021/jm3010515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The posttranslational modification of chromatin through acetylation at selected histone lysine residues is governed by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). The significance of this subset of the epigenetic code is interrogated and interpreted by an acetyllysine-specific protein-protein interaction with bromodomain reader modules. Selective inhibition of the bromo and extra C-terminal domain (BET) family of bromodomains with a small molecule is feasible, and this may represent an opportunity for disease intervention through the recently disclosed antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties of such inhibitors. Herein, we describe the discovery and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of a novel, small-molecule chemical probe for BET family inhibition that was identified through the application of structure-based fragment assessment and optimization techniques. This has yielded a potent, selective compound with cell-based activity (PFI-1) that may further add to the understanding of BET family function within the bromodomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Fish
- Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D , Ramsgate Road, Sandwich CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
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14
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Mitton-Fry MJ, Arcari JT, Brown MF, Casavant JM, Finegan SM, Flanagan ME, Gao H, George DM, Gerstenberger BS, Han S, Hardink JR, Harris TM, Hoang T, Huband MD, Irvine R, Lall MS, Megan Lemmon M, Li C, Lin J, McCurdy SP, Mueller JP, Mullins L, Niosi M, Noe MC, Pattavina D, Penzien J, Plummer MS, Risley H, Schuff BP, Shanmugasundaram V, Starr JT, Sun J, Winton J, Young JA. Novel monobactams utilizing a siderophore uptake mechanism for the treatment of gram-negative infections. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5989-94. [PMID: 22892121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel siderophore-linked monobactams with in vitro and in vivo anti-microbial activity against MDR Gram-negative pathogens are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Mitton-Fry
- Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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15
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S. Gerstenberger
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Mark R. Rauckhorst
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | - Jeremy T. Starr
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340
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17
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Lin J, Gerstenberger BS, Stessman NYT, Konopelski JP. Diazonamide support studies: stereoselective formation of the C10 chiral center in both the CDEFG and AEFG fragments. Org Lett 2008; 10:3969-72. [PMID: 18702502 DOI: 10.1021/ol8014336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of both the AEFG macrolactam and the CDEFG bis-indole/tyrosine units found in the marine natural product diazonamide A is presented. Key to the success of the synthesis is the highly stereoselective direct C-arylation of an oxindole by an aryllead(IV) reagent derived from tyrosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhen Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
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18
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Gerstenberger BS, Lin J, Mimieux YS, Brown LE, Oliver AG, Konopelski JP. Structural characterization of an enantiomerically pure amino acid imidazolide and direct formation of the beta-lactam nucleus from an alpha-amino acid. Org Lett 2008; 10:369-72. [PMID: 18181633 PMCID: PMC2597468 DOI: 10.1021/ol7025922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Decomposition of a diazo beta-ketoamide derived from N-trityl serine imidazolide and N-protected acetanilides provides, instead of the expected 3-acyloxindole product, an enantiomerically pure (EP) beta-lactam. The amino acid stereocenter is incorporated, the second chiral center is induced, and trityl protection of the beta-lactam ring is realized for the first time. The desired 3-acyloxindole is obtained from oxindole and Tr-Ser(OBn)-imidazole, the X-ray of which provides the first structural determination of an EP amino acid imidazolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S. Gerstenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California. 95064
| | - Jinzhen Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California. 95064
| | - Yvette S. Mimieux
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California. 95064
| | - Lauren E. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California. 95064
| | - Allen G. Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California. 95064
| | - Joseph P. Konopelski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California. 95064
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19
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] A new protection group for phenols, the 2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)ethyl (TBDPSE) group, has been prepared and investigated. Protection of a variety of substituted phenols proceeds in good to excellent yield. The group is stable to mild acid, base, hydrogenolysis conditions, and lithium/halogen exchange on the protected phenol. Removal is achieved with strong acid or standard fluoride treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Gerstenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
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20
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Konopelski JP, Lin J, Wenzel PJ, Deng H, Elliott GI, Gerstenberger BS. Carbanion stabilization by distal silyloxy groups. Origin of the high diastereoselectivity in the formation of quaternary centers with aryllead(IV) triacetate reagents. Org Lett 2002; 4:4121-4. [PMID: 12423101 DOI: 10.1021/ol026863+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of methyl 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-cyclohexanecarboxylate react with aryllead(IV) reagents in high yield and with wide variation in diastereoselectivity. Ab initio calculations are consistent with a heretofore unrecognized attraction between the carbanionic center of the beta-ketoester intermediate and the distal OSiR(3) group. This attractive interaction stabilizes the silyl group in the axial conformation and leads to the excellent trans diastereoselection in the formation of quaternary centers. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Konopelski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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