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Kal‐Koshvandi AT, Heravi MM. Applications of Dainshefsky's Dienes in the Asymmetric synthesis of Aza‐Diels‐Alder Reaction. CHEM REC 2018; 19:550-600. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Majid M. Heravi
- Department of ChemistryAlzahra University Vanak, Tehran Iran
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2
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Renom-Carrasco M, Lefort L. Ligand libraries for high throughput screening of homogeneous catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5038-5060. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00844a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review describes different approaches to construct ligand libraries towards high throughput screening of homogeneous metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Renom-Carrasco
- Institut de Chimie de Lyon
- Laboratory C2P2 UMR 5265-CNRS-Université de Lyon 1-CPE Lyon
- 69616 Villeurbanne
- France
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3
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Hubick S, Jayaraman A, McKeen A, Reid S, Alcorn J, Stavrinides J, Sterenberg BT. A potent synthetic inorganic antibiotic with activity against drug-resistant pathogens. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41999. [PMID: 28165020 PMCID: PMC5292749 DOI: 10.1038/srep41999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The acronymously named “ESKAPE” pathogens represent a group of bacteria that continue to pose a serious threat to human health, not only due to their propensity for repeated emergence, but also due to their ability to “eskape” antibiotic treatment12. The evolution of multi-drug resistance in these pathogens alone has greatly outpaced the development of new therapeutics, necessitating an alternative strategy for antibiotic development that considers the evolutionary mechanisms driving antibiotic resistance. In this study, we synthesize a novel inorganic antibiotic, phosphopyricin, which has antibiotic activity against the Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE). We show that this potent antibiotic is bactericidal, and exhibits low toxicity in an acute dose assay in mice. As a synthetic compound that does not occur naturally, phosphopyricin would be evolutionarily foreign to microbes, thereby slowing the evolution of resistance. In addition, it loses antibiotic activity upon exposure to light, meaning that the active antibiotic will not accumulate in the general environment where strong selective pressures imposed by antibiotic residuals are known to accelerate resistance. Phosphopyricin represents an innovation in antimicrobials, having a synthetic core, and a photosensitive chemical architecture that would reduce accumulation in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Hubick
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S0A2, Canada
| | - Arumugam Jayaraman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S0A2, Canada
| | - Alexander McKeen
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S0A2, Canada
| | - Shelby Reid
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N2Z4, Canada
| | - Jane Alcorn
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N2Z4, Canada
| | - John Stavrinides
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S0A2, Canada
| | - Brian T Sterenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S0A2, Canada
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Li W, Zhang J. Recent developments in the synthesis and utilization of chiral β-aminophosphine derivatives as catalysts or ligands. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1657-77. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00469a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, the research area of chiral β-aminophosphines capable of promoting a wide range of diverse organic transformations has attracted more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- Department of Chemsitry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- Department of Chemsitry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
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5
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Contemporary screening approaches to reaction discovery and development. Nat Chem 2014; 6:859-71. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Sista P, Ghosh K, Martinez JS, Rocha RC. Metallo-Biopolymers: Conjugation Strategies and Applications. POLYM REV 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2014.913063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared C. Lewis
- Searle
Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Sambasivan R, Ball ZT. Studies of Asymmetric StyreneCyclopropanation with a Rhodium(II) Metallopeptide Catalyst Developed with a High-Throughput Screen. Chirality 2013; 25:493-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Sambasivan
- Department of Chemistry MS60; Rice University; 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005
| | - Zachary T. Ball
- Department of Chemistry MS60; Rice University; 6100 Main Street Houston TX 77005
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9
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Schunk SA, Böhmer N, Futter C, Kuschel A, Prasetyo E, Roussière T. High throughput technology: approaches of research in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. CATALYSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849737203-00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
High throughput experimentation (HTE) approaches and the choice of the design of experiment (DoE) tools are discussed with regard to their convenience and applicability in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis as a concerted workflow. Much attention is given to diverse methodologies and strategies, which are fundamental for the experimental planning. For two target reactions in two case studies presented in this chapter, HTE methods were applied to create and evaluate catalyst libraries. A homogeneous catalyst case study is illustrated first, which deals with parallel synthesis and screening of organometallic catalysts in the polymerisation of ethylene. The second case study (heterogeneous catalysis) focuses on coherent synthesis and testing of dopant effects on the performance of oxidation catalysts in a reaction of transformation of n-butane to maleic anhydride. Supporting examples from the literature described here show that careful planning of libraries and test conditions is vital in high throughput experimentation in order to deliver meaningful results leading to performance improvements or disruptive new findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Böhmer
- hte Aktiengesellschaft Kurpfalzring 104, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Futter
- hte Aktiengesellschaft Kurpfalzring 104, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kuschel
- hte Aktiengesellschaft Kurpfalzring 104, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eko Prasetyo
- hte Aktiengesellschaft Kurpfalzring 104, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Roussière
- hte Aktiengesellschaft Kurpfalzring 104, 69123 Heidelberg, Germany
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Johansson MJ, Berglund S, Hu Y, Andersson KHO, Kann N. Parallel and modular synthesis of P-chirogenic P,O-ligands. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2012; 14:304-8. [PMID: 22486483 DOI: 10.1021/co2002119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A modular synthesis of P-chirogenic α-alkoxyphosphine ligands has been developed, allowing for the variation of two of the three groups on phosphorus. Oxidation and concomitant desymmetrization of a prochiral alkyl- or aryldimethylphosphine borane afforded α-hydroxyphosphines, which were subsequently deprotonated and alkylated in a parallel fashion. The choice of base and temperature for the alkylation step was found to be crucial for the outcome of the reaction. Selected ligands were subsequently screened in palladium catalyzed allylic substitution, affording product in good to excellent yield but moderate enantioselectivity, indicating that further optimization of the ligand structures is desirable to increase the stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus J. Johansson
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Susanne Berglund
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Yinjun Hu
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kristian H. O. Andersson
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Nina Kann
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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12
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Deuss PJ, den Heeten R, Laan W, Kamer PCJ. Bioinspired Catalyst Design and Artificial Metalloenzymes. Chemistry 2011; 17:4680-98. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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14
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Burck S, van Assema SG, Lastdrager B, Slootweg JC, Ehlers A, Otero J, Dacunha-Marinho B, Llamas-Saiz A, Overhand M, van Raaij M, Lammertsma K. Bisphosphine-Functionalized Cyclic Decapeptides Based on the Natural Product Gramicidin S: A Potential Scaffold for Transition-Metal Coordination. Chemistry 2009; 15:8134-45. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Yamamoto T, Suginome M. Helical poly(quinoxaline-2,3-diyl)s bearing metal-binding sites as polymer-based chiral ligands for asymmetric catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:539-42. [PMID: 19072952 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamamoto
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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16
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Yamamoto T, Suginome M. Helical Poly(quinoxaline-2,3-diyl)s Bearing Metal-Binding Sites as Polymer-Based Chiral Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200803719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Pawar GM, Bantu B, Weckesser J, Blechert S, Wurst K, Buchmeiser MR. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization-derived, polymer-bound Cu-catalysts for click-chemistry and hydrosilylation reactions under micellar conditions. Dalton Trans 2009:9043-51. [DOI: 10.1039/b909180g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Kalek M, Stawinski J. Palladium-Catalyzed C−P Bond Formation: Mechanistic Studies on the Ligand Substitution and the Reductive Elimination. An Intramolecular Catalysis by the Acetate Group in PdII Complexes. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800641n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kalek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, and Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Stawinski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, and Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
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Goudriaan PE, van Leeuwen PWNM, Birkholz M, Reek JNH. Libraries of Bidentate Phosphorus Ligands; Synthesis Strategies and Application in Catalysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Elsbeth Goudriaan
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Piet W. N. M. van Leeuwen
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mandy‐Nicole Birkholz
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Fuentes JA, Clarke ML, Z. Slawin AM. A supramolecular approach to chiral ligand modification: coordination chemistry of a multifunctionalised tridentate amine-phosphine ligand. NEW J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b712612c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Das S, Brudvig GW, Crabtree RH. Molecular recognition in homogeneous transition metal catalysis: a biomimetic strategy for high selectivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:413-24. [DOI: 10.1039/b710355g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Clarke ML, Fuentes JA. Self-assembly of organocatalysts: fine-tuning organocatalytic reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:930-3. [PMID: 17171744 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200602912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Clarke
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, EaSTCHEM, St Andrews, Fife, KY 16 9ST, UK.
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23
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Jagt RBC, Toullec PY, Schudde EP, de Vries JG, Feringa BL, Minnaard AJ. Synthesis of solution-phase phosphoramidite and phosphite ligand libraries and their in situ screening in the rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric addition of arylboronic acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 9:407-14. [PMID: 17430002 DOI: 10.1021/cc060161k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the automated parallel synthesis of solution-phase libraries of phosphoramidite ligands for the development of enantioselective catalysts. The ligand libraries are screened in situ in the asymmetric rhodium-catalyzed addition of arylboronic acids to aldehydes and imines. It is shown that the described methodology results in the straightforward discovery of leads for highly efficient enantioselective catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B C Jagt
- Department of Organic and Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Clarke M, Fuentes J. Self-Assembly of Organocatalysts: Fine-Tuning Organocatalytic Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200602912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Jäkel C, Paciello R. High-Throughput and Parallel Screening Methods in Asymmetric Hydrogenation. Chem Rev 2006; 106:2912-42. [PMID: 16836304 DOI: 10.1021/cr040675a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Jäkel
- BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Basic Chemicals Research, GCB - M 313, 67098 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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Agarkov A, Greenfield S, Xie D, Pawlick R, Starkey G, Gilbertson SR. Synthesis of phosphine containing amino acids: utilization of peptide synthesis in ligand design. Biopolymers 2006; 84:48-73. [PMID: 16235230 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial chemistry has recently burst on the scene as a valuable tool for the discovery of new drug candidates. The ability to synthesize hundreds of compounds for screening is a useful complement to rational drug design. There are many similarities between the design of new therapeutic agents and the development of new asymmetric ligands, the most important of which is the limitation of a rational design strategy. For this reason a program was begun that would allow the use of combinatorial technology in the development of new ligands for transition metal catalyzed asymmetric reactions. Because of the large number of catalytic reactions they are involved in the system was based around phosphine ligands. This paper reports the synthesis of phosphine derivatives of alanine, proline, and the aromatic amino acids tyrosine and hydroxyphenylglycine. Examples of the use of these amino acids in the synthesis of peptides possessing helical and beta-turn secondary structures are presented. Metal complexes of these peptide-based ligands are used in hydrogenation and alkylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Agarkov
- Chemical Biology Program, Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0650, USA
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Meyer C, Scherer M, Schönberg H, Rüegger H, Loss S, Gramlich V, Grützmacher H. Coordination chemistry of phosphanyl amino acids: solid state and solution structures of neutral and cationic rhodium complexes. Dalton Trans 2006:137-48. [PMID: 16357969 DOI: 10.1039/b512653c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper phosphide or arsenide complexes, [Cu(EPh(2))(neo)] (E = P, As, neo = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline; trivial name: neocuprine) react selectively with the N-protected brominated serine derivatives, 2-(S)-(alkoxycarbonylamino)-3-bromomethylpropionates ((ROCO)SerBr, : R = PhCH(2), : tBu, : Me) to give the corresponding phosphanylated or arsanylated amino acids, (ROCO)SerPhos (: Phos = PPh(2)) and (Z)SerArs (Ars = AsPh(2), Z = PhCH(2)OCO). The dipeptide (Z)AlaSerPhos was likewise prepared. The phosphanes , and the arsane reacted cleanly with [Rh(2)(micro-Cl)(2)(cod)(2)] to give the rhodium(I) complexes [RhCl(cod)((Z)SerPhos)] , [RhCl(cod)((Boc)SerPhos)] (Boc = tBuOCO), [RhCl(cod)((Z)AlaSerPhos)] , and [RhCl(cod)((Z)SerArs)] which were characterized by X-ray diffraction studies. A common structural feature is an intramolecular (N)H[dot dot dot]Cl(Rh)-hydrogen bridge which according to NMR investigations remains intact in solution. The abstraction of chloride from the coordination sphere of Rh(I) in or has a profound structural impact. While in and , the ligands bind in a monodentate fashion, via the phosphorus atom only, they serve as bidentate ligands via the phosphorus centre and the peptidic C=O group in [Rh(cod)(kappa(2)-(Z)SerPhos)]PF(6) and [Rh(cod)(kappa(2)-(Z)AlaSerPhos)]PF(6). This causes also the amino acid residue structures to change from alpha-helix type in and to a beta-sheet type in both. Addition of chloride to and fully re-establishes the structures of both. The complexes [RhCl(cod)((Z)SerPhos)] and [RhCl(cod)((Boc)SerPhos)] show good activities in homogeneously catalyzed hydrogenations of olefins while the dipeptide complex is less active. Phosphane addition to greatly diminishes the catalytic activity. The cationic complex [Rh(cod)(kappa(2)-(Z)AlaSerPhos)]PF(6) shows low activity which, however, is greatly increased by addition of one equivalent of phosphane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Meyer
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Hönggerberg, HCI H131, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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Christensen CA, Meldal M. Efficient Solid-Phase Synthesis of Peptide-Based Phosphine Ligands: Towards Combinatorial Libraries of Selective Transition Metal Catalysts. Chemistry 2005; 11:4121-31. [PMID: 15861474 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A new methodology for the solid-phase synthesis of peptide-based phosphine ligands has been developed. Solid supported peptide scaffolds possessing either primary or secondary amines were synthesised using commercially available Fmoc-protected amino acids and readily available Fmoc-protected amino aldehydes for reductive alkylation, in standard solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Phosphine moieties were introduced by phosphinomethylation of the free amines as the final solid-phase synthetic step, immediately prior to complexation with palladium(II), thus avoiding tedious protection/deprotection of the phosphine moieties during the synthesis of the ligands. The extensive use of commercial building blocks and standard SPPS makes this methodology well suited for the generation of solid-phase combinatorial libraries of novel ligands. Furthermore, it is possible to generate several different phosphine ligand libraries for every peptide scaffold library synthesised, by functionalising the scaffold libraries with different phosphine moieties. The synthesised ligands were characterised on solid support by conventional (31)P NMR spectroscopy and, cleaved from the support, as their phosphine oxides by HPLC, (1)H NMR, (31)P NMR and high resolution ESMS. Palladium(II) allyl complexes were generated from the resin bound ligands and to demonstrate their catalytic properties, palladium catalysed asymmetric allylic substitution reactions were performed. Good yields and moderate enantioselectivity was obtained for the selected combination of catalysts and substrate, but most importantly the concept of this new methodology was proven. Screening of ligand libraries should afford more selective catalysts.
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Llewellyn DB, Arndtsen BA. Synthesis of a library of chiral α-amino acid-based borate counteranions and their application to copper catalyzed olefin cyclopropanation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Coordination mode for turn-based phosphine ligands: the origin of selectivity in Pd catalysis. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Agarkov A, Greenfield SJ, Ohishi T, Collibee SE, Gilbertson SR. Catalysis with Phosphine-Containing Amino Acids in Various “Turn” Motifs. J Org Chem 2004; 69:8077-85. [PMID: 15527293 DOI: 10.1021/jo049103g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have been actively involved in the development of parallel approaches for the discovery of phosphine ligands. Our approach has been based on the incorporation of phosphine-containing amino acids into peptide sequences that are designed to have stable secondary structures. We have examined helical and turn secondary structures and have reported that alkylation of cyclopentenyl acetate with dimethylmalonate can be catalyzed in high enantiomeric excess (ee) with a beta-turn-based ligand. The importance of the peptide secondary structure was demonstrated through the synthesis of a series of peptide ligands where the nature of the turn-forming residues was probed. Additionally, other turn-forming units and a variety of different phosphine-containing amino acids have been examined for their ability to control the selectivity of the allylation reaction. This paper reports the results obtained through the examination of different turn motifs as well as different phosphine substitutions on the "best" turn sequence, Pps-Pro-d-Xxx-Pps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Agarkov
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
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Gilbertson SR, Yamada S. A study of catalyst selectivity with polymer bound palladium phosphine complexes on various solid phase synthesis supports. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Reggelin M, Doerr S, Klussmann M, Schultz M, Holbach M. Helically chiral polymers: a class of ligands for asymmetric catalysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:5461-6. [PMID: 15054138 PMCID: PMC397405 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0307443101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Helically chiral polymers from achiral monomers containing N and P atoms have been shown to be ligands for transition metals such as Pd and Rh. The Rh complex of the phosphane-containing polyisocyanate p(18-co-17) was an active albeit hardly enantioselective catalyst in the asymmetric hydrogenation of the dehydro amino acid N-acetamidocinnamic acid (15% enantiomeric excess). The most active catalyst obtained until now was the Pd-complexed polymethacrylate Pd-p12, which catalyzes the allylic substitution reaction of 1,3-diphenylprop-2-enyl acetate with dimethyl malonate even at -20 degrees C in quantitative yield, although again the enantioselectivity was unsatisfactory. The most successful application of a helically chiral polymer in asymmetric catalysis with respect to both reactivity and enantioselectivity is the polymethacrylate p(5-co-8). Its palladium complex catalyzes the above-mentioned reaction at 0 degrees C with quantitative yield and 60% enantiomeric excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Reggelin
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 22, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Greenfield SJ, Agarkov A, Gilbertson SR. High asymmetric induction with beta-turn-derived palladium phosphine complexes. Org Lett 2003; 5:3069-72. [PMID: 12916983 DOI: 10.1021/ol035097j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Work toward the development of a bisphosphine ligand system for the palladium-catalyzed addition to cyclic allyl acetates is reported. A parallel approach using phosphine-containing amino acids in conjunction with natural amino acids was used to develop a selective ligand system. The ligand system was examined while attached to the polymer support as well as in solution. Selectivites with the difficult substrate 3-acetoxycyclopentene of up to 95% ee are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Greenfield
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Campus 1134, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
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Gennari C, Piarulli U. Combinatorial libraries of chiral ligands for enantioselective catalysis. Chem Rev 2003; 103:3071-100. [PMID: 12914492 DOI: 10.1021/cr020058r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Gennari
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Centro di Eccellenza C.I.S.I., Università di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Vries J, Vries A. The Power of High‐Throughput Experimentation in Homogeneous Catalysis Research for Fine Chemicals. European J Org Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200390122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes G. de Vries
- DSM Research‐Life Sciences, Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis, P. O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, Fax: (internat.) + 31‐46/476‐7604
| | - André H.M. de Vries
- DSM Research‐Life Sciences, Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis, P. O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, Fax: (internat.) + 31‐46/476‐7604
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Leadbeater NE, Marco M. Preparation of polymer-supported ligands and metal complexes for use in catalysis. Chem Rev 2002; 102:3217-73. [PMID: 12371884 DOI: 10.1021/cr010361c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 709] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Leadbeater
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] A new method is presented for the measurement of enantiomeric excess (ee) utilizing molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). The method is demonstrated to be accurate and rapid, as the ee values can be calculated from straightforward concentration measurements. The MIP-based assay can also be adapted to measure the ee of samples of differing initial concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhao Chen
- University of South Carolina, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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Reggelin M, Schultz M, Holbach M. Helical Chiral Polymers without Additional Stereogenic Units: A New Class of Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20020503)114:9<1684::aid-ange1684>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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42
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Reggelin M, Schultz M, Holbach M. Helical Chiral Polymers without Additional Stereogenic Units: A New Class of Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002; 41:1614-7. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20020503)41:9<1614::aid-anie1614>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Multiply chiral phosphite/phosphonite ligands: tuning enantioselectivity by choice of diastereomers. CR CHIM 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1631-0748(02)01381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ben-Aroya BB, Portnoy M. Solid-phase synthesis of an alpha-aminophosphine library. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2001; 3:524-7. [PMID: 11703146 DOI: 10.1021/cc0100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B B Ben-Aroya
- School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
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Gilbertson SR, Lan P. Kinetic resolution in palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylations by a P,O ligand system. Org Lett 2001; 3:2237-40. [PMID: 11440588 DOI: 10.1021/ol0161256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Through the investigation of peptide-based phosphine oxazoline ligands, a simple P,O ligand system was developed. This system provides palladium complexes that are capable of a very high degree of kinetic resolution of 1,3-diphenylprop-2-enyl acetate. The isolated palladium complex was synthesized, characterized, and determined to be an effective procatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Gilbertson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Campus 1134, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA.
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Abstract
We consider the application of high-throughput experimentation (HTE), including combinatorial methods, to catalyst discovery and early-phase optimization. While combinatorial- and parallel-testing methods have an already substantial history in catalysis, recent work by several groups promises significant efficiency gains. In molecular catalysis, progress is noted in library design, library synthesis by pooled, parallel, and discrete formats, catalyst testing and reaction optimization; the prime constraint for organometallic catalysts is the limited scope of synthesis procedures for non-peptide-based ligand libraries. Routes described for the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts include hydrothermal synthesis, arraying of solution precursors, automated impregnation and precipitation, and arraying of solid precursors. The key challenge in applying HTE to heterogeneous catalysis is testing; we distinguish here between Stage 1, or "discovery" testing and Stage 2, optimization testing, and describe techniques with potential in each case. Recent examples from the literature and our own work are used to illustrate these principles and the prospects for HTE applied to catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Newsam
- Molecular Simulations, Inc., 9685 Scranton Road, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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48
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Caravieilhes S, de Bellefon C, Tanchoux N. Dynamic methods and new reactors for liquid phase molecular catalysis. Catal Today 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5861(00)00615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
[figure: see text] Novel chiral P,N-ligands were synthesized from (1S)-(+)-ketopinic acid using palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of a vinyl triflate and either a diarylphosphine or a dialkylphosphine as the key step. Palladium complexes of these ligands are efficient catalysts for asymmetric Heck reaction between aryl or alkenyl triflates and cyclic alkenes. Products were obtained with good to excellent enantioselectivity from arylation and alkenylation of 1,2-dihydrofuran, cyclopentene, and 4,7-dihydro-1,3-dioxepin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Gilbertson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1134, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
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Szewczyk JW, Zuckerman RL, Bergman RG, Ellman JA. A Mass Spectrometric Labeling Strategy for High-Throughput Reaction Evaluation and Optimization: Exploring C−H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010105)113:1<222::aid-ange222>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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