1
|
Daud S, Abid OUR, Sardar A, Abdullah S, Shahid W, Ashraf M, Ejaz SA, Saeed A, Shah BA, Niaz B. Exploring ibuprofen derivatives as α-glucosidase and lipoxygenase inhibitors: Cytotoxicity and in silico studies. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200013. [PMID: 35532320 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the synthesis of a series of ibuprofen derivatives, including thiosemicarbazides 4a-f, 1,3,4-oxadiazoles 5a-f, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles 6a-f, 1,2,4-triazoles 7a-f, and their S-alkylated derivatives 8a-d. All of the newly synthesized derivatives were analyzed using 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectra (electron ionization) spectrometry. These synthetic molecules were examined for their in vitro baking yeast α-glucosidase and soybean 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) inhibition and cell viability studies. The results revealed that the compounds N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-[1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine 5f (IC50 3.05 ± 1.23 µM) and N-(3-fluorophenyl)-5-[1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine 5b (IC50 3.12 ± 1.21 µM) were the most potent with respect to the α-glucosidase enzyme while in case of 15-LOX, the compound 4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-[2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propanoyl]thiosemicarbazide 4e showed potent inhibition with an IC50 value of 55.41 ± 0.41 µM. All these compounds were found least toxic by displaying a blood mononuclear cell viability value of 69.2%-97.8% by the MTT assay compared to the standards when assayed at 0.25 mM concentration. Molecular docking analyses were conducted to evaluate the inhibition profiles of these derivatives against the said enzymes and the data supported the in vitro profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saima Daud
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | | | - Asma Sardar
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Shawana Abdullah
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Wardah Shahid
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Amna Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Basit Ali Shah
- School of Material Science & Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Basit Niaz
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Breijyeh Z, Karaman R. Enzyme Models-From Catalysis to Prodrugs. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113248. [PMID: 34071328 PMCID: PMC8198240 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are highly specific biological catalysts that accelerate the rate of chemical reactions within the cell. Our knowledge of how enzymes work remains incomplete. Computational methodologies such as molecular mechanics (MM) and quantum mechanical (QM) methods play an important role in elucidating the detailed mechanisms of enzymatic reactions where experimental research measurements are not possible. Theories invoked by a variety of scientists indicate that enzymes work as structural scaffolds that serve to bring together and orient the reactants so that the reaction can proceed with minimum energy. Enzyme models can be utilized for mimicking enzyme catalysis and the development of novel prodrugs. Prodrugs are used to enhance the pharmacokinetics of drugs; classical prodrug approaches focus on alternating the physicochemical properties, while chemical modern approaches are based on the knowledge gained from the chemistry of enzyme models and correlations between experimental and calculated rate values of intramolecular processes (enzyme models). A large number of prodrugs have been designed and developed to improve the effectiveness and pharmacokinetics of commonly used drugs, such as anti-Parkinson (dopamine), antiviral (acyclovir), antimalarial (atovaquone), anticancer (azanucleosides), antifibrinolytic (tranexamic acid), antihyperlipidemia (statins), vasoconstrictors (phenylephrine), antihypertension (atenolol), antibacterial agents (amoxicillin, cephalexin, and cefuroxime axetil), paracetamol, and guaifenesin. This article describes the works done on enzyme models and the computational methods used to understand enzyme catalysis and to help in the development of efficient prodrugs.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun W, Shi Z, Wang Y, Zhou XP, Liang D. Crystal structure of 2-methoxyphenyl 2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propanoate, C 21H 20O 4. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2021-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C21H20O4, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 5.7726(10) Å, b = 12.662(2) Å, c = 12.068(3) Å, β = 92.377(11)°, V = 881.3(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0342, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.0887, T = 296(2) K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130021 , P. R.China
| | - Zhe Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130021 , P. R.China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130021 , P. R.China
| | - Xiao-ping Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130021 , P. R.China
| | - Di Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130021 , P. R.China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zappaterra F, Rodriguez MEM, Summa D, Semeraro B, Costa S, Tamburini E. Biocatalytic Approach for Direct Esterification of Ibuprofen with Sorbitol in Biphasic Media. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3066. [PMID: 33802769 PMCID: PMC8002397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) introduced in the 1960s and widely used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic. In its acid form, the solubility of 21 mg/L greatly limits its bioavailability. Since the bioavailability of a drug product plays a critical role in the design of oral administration dosage, this study investigated the enzymatic esterification of ibuprofen as a strategy for hydrophilization. This work proposes an enzymatic strategy for the covalent attack of highly hydrophilic molecules using acidic functions of commercially available bioactive compounds. The poorly water-soluble drug ibuprofen was esterified in a hexane/water biphasic system by direct esterification with sorbitol using the cheap biocatalyst porcine pancreas lipase (PPL), which demonstrated itself to be a suitable enzyme for the effective production of the IBU-sorbitol ester. This work reports the optimization of the esterification reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Zappaterra
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.Z.); (D.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Maria Elena Maldonado Rodriguez
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering of the RRNN, Salesian Polytechnic University, Av. 12 de Octubre y Wilson, Quito 170109, Ecuador;
| | - Daniela Summa
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.Z.); (D.S.); (E.T.)
| | | | - Stefania Costa
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.Z.); (D.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Elena Tamburini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.Z.); (D.S.); (E.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Soltani Rad MN, Behrouz S, Atashbasteh E, Hashemi SS. Butyl methyl imidazolium silica sulfate (BMIm)SS: A novel hybrid nano-catalyst for highly efficient synthesis of new 1,2-diol monoesters of ibuprofen as the novel prodrugs of ibuprofen having potent analgesic property. Bioorg Chem 2020; 107:104570. [PMID: 33373759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication, characterization of butyl methyl imidazolium silica sulfate [BMIm]SS as a novel nano hybrid catalyst and its application in synthesis of new ibuprofen (IBP) 1,2-diol mono esters were described. [BMIm]SS catalyzed the reaction of IBP with epoxides to afford the new IBP 1,2-diol mono esters in good to excellent yields. The products were tested in vivo for the analgesic properties on female mice using formalin test. The test results revealed that most compounds, in particular compounds 1h, 1k and 1o displayed potent analgesic activity compare to IBP as a reference drug. No mortality was observed due to the toxicity of the synthesized compounds. The docking analysis was conducted that confirmed the strong binding affinity of active compounds to active site of murine cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme compare to IBP. The in silico pharmacokinetic profile, drug likeness and toxicity predictions were carried out for all compounds which determined that 1h can be suggested as an appropriate future drug candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Navid Soltani Rad
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 71555-313, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Behrouz
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 71555-313, Iran.
| | - Esmaeil Atashbasteh
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 71555-313, Iran
| | - Seyedeh-Sara Hashemi
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Division of Food and Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chopade SS, Dhaneshwar SS. Determination of the mitigating effect of colon-specific bioreversible codrugs of mycophenolic acid and aminosugars in an experimental colitis model in Wistar rats. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:1093-1106. [PMID: 29563754 PMCID: PMC5850129 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i10.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To design colon-targeted codrugs of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and aminosugars as a safer option to mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in the management of inflammatory bowel disease.
METHODS Codrugs were synthesized by coupling MPA with aminosugars (D-glucosamine and D-galactosamine) using EDCI coupling. The structures were confirmed by infrared radiation, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The release profile of codrugs was extensively studied in aqueous buffers, upper gastrointestinal homogenates, faecal matter and caecal homogenates (in vitro) and rat blood (in vitro). Anti-colitic activity was assessed in 2,4,6-trinitrobezenesulfonic acid-induced colitis in Wistar rats by the estimation of various demarcating parameters. Statistical evaluation was performed by applying one-way and two-way ANOVA when compared with the disease control.
RESULTS The prodrugs resisted activation in HCl buffer (pH 1.2) and stomach homogenates of rats with negligible hydrolysis in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and intestinal homogenates. Incubation with colon homogenates (in vitro) produced 76% to 89% release of MPA emphasizing colon-specific activation of codrugs and the release of MPA and aminosugars at the site of action. In the in vitro studies, the prodrug of MPA with D-glucosamine (MGLS) was selected which resulted in 68% release of MPA in blood. in vitro studies on MGLS revealed its colon-specific activation after a lag time of 8 h which could be ascribed to the hydrolytic action of N-acyl amidases found in the colon. The synthesized codrugs markedly diminished disease activity score and revived the disrupted architecture of the colon that was comparable to MMF but superior to MPA.
CONCLUSION The significant attenuating effect of prodrugs and individual aminosugars on colonic inflammation proved that the rationale of the codrug approach is valid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakuntala Santosh Chopade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411038, India
| | - Suneela Sunil Dhaneshwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411038, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shah K, Gupta JK, Chauhan NS, Upmanyu N, Shrivastava SK, Mishra P. Prodrugs of NSAIDs: A Review. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2017; 11:146-195. [PMID: 29387273 PMCID: PMC5748882 DOI: 10.2174/1874104501711010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTORODUCTION Prodrug approach deals with chemical biotransformation or enzymatic conversion or involves inactive or less active bio-reversible derivatives of active drug molecules. They have to pass through enzymatic or chemical biotransformation before eliciting their pharmacological action. METHODS & MATERIALS The two different pharmacophores combine to give synergistic activity or may help in targeting the active drug to its target. Prodrug super seeds the problems of prodrug designing, for example solubility enhancement, bioavailability enhancement, chemical stability improvement, presystemic metabolism, site specific delivery, toxicity masking, improving patient acceptance, or eradicating undesirable adverse effects. RESULTS As an outcome the search for a prodrug or mutual prodrug with reduced toxicity has continued during recent years. This present review emphasizes the common help to revamp physiochemical, pharmaceutical and therapeutic effectiveness of drugs. CONCLUSION This gives the researcher a common platform where they can find prodrugs of commonly used NSAIDs to overcome the gastrointestinal toxicity (irritation, ulcergenocity and bleeding).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, U.P.- 281406, India
| | - Jeetendra K. Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, U.P.- 281406, India
| | | | - Neeraj Upmanyu
- School of Pharmacy & Research, Peoples University, Bhopal, M.P.- 462037, India
| | - Sushant K. Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi U.P.- 221005, India
| | - Pradeep Mishra
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, U.P.- 281406, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Karaman R. Prodrugs Design Based on Inter- and Intramolecular Chemical Processes. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 82:643-68. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafik Karaman
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Quds University; P.O. Box 20002 Jerusalem Palestine
- Department of Science; University of Basilicata; Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10 85100 Potenza Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Liang D, Yang XH, Sun W, Wang WN, Yang JZ, Liu YY, Wang GS. Synthesis, crystal structure and biological activities of naproxen-eugenol ester prodrug. Chem Res Chin Univ 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-013-2266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Dhaneshwar S, Patel V, Patil D, Meena G. Studies on synthesis, stability, release and pharmacodynamic profile of a novel diacerein-thymol prodrug. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
12
|
Ouyang N, Ji P, Williams JL. A novel NSAID derivative, phospho-ibuprofen, prevents AOM-induced colon cancer in rats. Int J Oncol 2012; 42:643-50. [PMID: 23291777 PMCID: PMC3982714 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer chemopreventive properties and gastrointestinal toxicity of ibuprofen are well documented. Modification of existing NSAIDs has improved on the chemopreventive efficacy of this agent and reduced its toxicity. In this study, ibuprofen and a modified derivative (phospho-modified ibuprofen or p-ibuprofen) were used in a chemically induced model of colon cancer. Fisher 344 rats were injected with azoxymethane then treated with either ibuprofen (500 ppm) or p-ibuprofen (900 ppm) for 20 weeks to observe aberrant crypt foci (ACF) or 40 weeks to evaluate tumor incidence and multiplicity. β-catenin and p65 were measured in colonic tissues by immunofluorescence staining. Equal molar doses of ibuprofen (75 and 670 mg/kg) and p-ibuprofen (135 and 1,215 mg/kg) were administered to rats for 7 days to assess acute toxicity. The in vitro effect of p-ibuprofen on COX-2 and PGE(2) synthesis, β-catenin expression and NF-κB activity were examined in RAW 264.7 macrophage and HCT 116 colon cancer cells. At week 20, p-ibuprofen and ibuprofen significantly reduced the multiplicity of ACF compared with control (p<0.05); 31.2 and 37.9%, respectively. At week 40, p-ibuprofen and ibuprofen reduced the multiplicity of colon tumors compared with control (p<0.01) by 47.2 and 56.6%, respectively. Equal molar concentrations of ibuprofen (670 mg/kg) and p-ibuprofen (1,215 mg/kg) resulted in stomach ulceration in 85.7% (6 out of 7) and 14.3% (1 out of 7) of rats, respectively, with p<0.01. Immunofluoresence staining and western blot analysis demonstrated that both ibuprofen and p-ibuprofen suppressed β-catenin nuclear translocation in colon cancer cells. In addition, p-ibuprofen but not ibuprofen inhibited NF-κB activation in colon cancer cells. Collectively, these results suggest that p-ibuprofen is a potential effective novel drug for long-term use in colon cancer prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nengtai Ouyang
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8175, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ghosh P, Bhise KS, Paradkar AR, Bodhankar SL, Kadam SS. Reduced ulcerogenic potential and antiarthritic effect of chitosan-naproxen sodium complexes. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:896-902. [PMID: 22711255 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to address the utility of naproxen sodium-chitosan spray-dried complexes for antiulcer and antiarthritic activities. The cold stress technique was used to examine the ulcerogenic potential of naproxen sodium (NPX) and spray-dried formulations in the different doses. The ulcerations reduced with the dose of spray-dried complexes of naproxen sodium and chitosan. The conspicuous hemorrhagic lesions were visible in the morphological features of the animal treated with naproxen 50 mg/kg (p.o.). Thus, the results suggest that the spray-dried naproxen sodium-chitosan complex (NPXF) was not corrosive to the gastric mucosa at high doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg (p.o.) under stressful conditions. It is evident from the present investigation that NPXF does not possess any ulcerogenic potential in comparison to naproxen which, under stressful conditions, led to the hypersecretion of HCl, culminating to petichial hemorrhages in the gastric mucosa of the animals. The biphasic pattern was observed in the various arthritic parameters. The rise in paw volume, joint diameter, WBC count, arthritis score, and fall in body weight was significantly ameliorated in the animals treated with NPXF (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, p.o). At the end of the study, slight erythema was visible in the naproxen-treated animals. However, no erythema, redness, or ulcers were visible in the animals treated with NPXF. Thus, the direct compression properties and reduced ulcerogenic activity, combined with the demonstrated solubilizing power and analgesic effect enhancer ability toward the drug, make naproxen sodium-chitosan spray-dried complexes particularly suitable for developing a reduced-dose, fast-release, solid oral dosage form of naproxen.
Collapse
|
14
|
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 22, Revision 1 (FGE.22Rev1): Ring‐substituted phenolic substances from chemical groups 21 and 25. EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
15
|
Dhaneshwar S, Patil D, Mengi S, Mulay G, Lahane J. Diacerein mutual prodrug for osteoarthritis: synthesis, in vitro kinetic studies and preliminary pharmacological screening. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(09)50003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
16
|
Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to Flavouring Group Evaluation 22 (FGE.22): Ring‐substituted phenolic substances from chemical groups 21 and 25 (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000). EFSA J 2007. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2007.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
17
|
Liu J, Chan SY, Ho PC. Polymer-coated microparticles for the sustained release of nitrofurantoin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2002; 54:1205-12. [PMID: 12356274 DOI: 10.1211/002235702320402044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Suspensions of nitrofurantoin (NTF) microparticles for controlled release were investigated in this study. The microparticles were enteric coated with various combinations of the two polymers, cellulose acetate phthalate/cellulose acetate butyrate (CAP/CAB) by a modified solvent evaporation method. Ratios of NTF to the two polymers (NTF/CAP/CAB) ranged from 1.0:1.6:0.4,1.0:1.0:1.0,1.0: 0.4:1.6 to 1.0:0.0:2.0. The encapsulation efficiency, percentage yield, determined by comparing the final mass of the microparticles with the initial mass of the ingredients used, distribution of particle size and the in-vitro dissolution profiles of the microparticles were determined. Based on light photographs for the evaluation of the microparticle morphology, the drug crystals appeared to be encapsulated sufficiently by the enteric polymers. In our study, the microparticles enteric coated with CAP/CAB in the ratio of 0.4:1.6 displayed the most satisfactory in-vitro release profile (reduced release in the simulated gastric fluid and sustained release in the simulated intestinal fluid). Thus, microparticles with NTF/CAP/CAB in the ratio of 1.0:0.4:1.6 were formulated into a suspension for further bioavailability and ulcerogenicity studies in Sprague-Dawley rats, with the suspension of NTF crystals as a control. The bioavailability study was carried out in eight rats fed with either the free NTF or the corresponding microparticles in a cross-over design. The ulcerogenicity study was carried out in three groups of six rats each: one group received no drug treatment; the control group was treated with free NTF; and the third group was treated with enteric-coated NTF microparticles. The bioavailability of NTF from the microparticles was comparable with the control. More importantly, there was notably less ulceration of the gastric mucosa observed after dosing with the microparticle suspension compared with that after the administration of the control suspension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jita Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Waterman KC, Adami RC, Alsante KM, Antipas AS, Arenson DR, Carrier R, Hong J, Landis MS, Lombardo F, Shah JC, Shalaev E, Smith SW, Wang H. Hydrolysis in pharmaceutical formulations. Pharm Dev Technol 2002; 7:113-46. [PMID: 12066569 DOI: 10.1081/pdt-120003494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This literature review presents hydrolysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients as well as the effects on dosage form stability due to hydrolysis of excipients. Mechanisms and measurement methods are discussed and recommendations for formulation stabilization are listed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C Waterman
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bansal AK, Khar RK, Dubey R, Sharma AK. Activity profile of glycolamide ester prodrugs of ibuprofen. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2001; 27:63-70. [PMID: 11247537 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-100000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Glycolamide esters of ibuprofen (I), namely, unsubstituted (II), N,N dimethyl (III), and N,N diethyl (IV), were synthesized and studied for different physicochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties. They were comparable with I in respect of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity but did not exhibit reduction in the ulcerogenicity on oral administration. However, all three exhibited significantly better topical activity in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assay. In the same assay, they provided significant protection against inflammation when applied at a site remote to the inflammation site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Bansal
- College of Pharmacy, Pushp Vihar Sector 3, New Delhi 110 017, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Karnachi AA, Reddy IK, Degennaro MD, Khan MA. Comparative evaluation of the severity of gastric ulceration by solid dispersions and coprecipitates of indomethacin. J Drug Target 1997; 4:297-301. [PMID: 9169986 DOI: 10.3109/10611869708995845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The ulcerogenic activity of indomethacin was studied in rats following single and chronic doses of indomethacin in the form of pure drug, solid dispersions and coprecipitates. Each formulation was administrated as a suspension in a 2% methylcellulose solution. Gastrointestinal ulceration was assessed, four hours after a single dose and 24 hours following the last dose of a chronic four day dosing regimen, by counting the number of lesions and ulcers present. A rating scale was employed to evaluate the severity index. The coprecipitate formulation produced less severe ulceration than the solid dispersion and pure drug. This suggests that the severity of ulceration than the solid dispersion and pure drug. This suggests that the severity of ulceration may be related to the preparation methodology and drug release kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Karnachi
- Division of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Northeast Louisiana University, Monroe
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Samara E, Avnir D, Ladkani D, Bialer M. Pharmacokinetic analysis of diethylcarbonate prodrugs of ibuprofen and naproxen. Biopharm Drug Dispos 1995; 16:201-10. [PMID: 7787132 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2510160305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen diethylcarbonate (ibudice) and naproxen diethythylcarbonate (napdice), two new diethylcarbonate prodrugs of ibuprofen and naproxen, was investigated in dogs. The rationale for the development of ibudice and napdice was that esterification of the carboxylic moiety of the parent compounds would suppress gastrotoxicity without adversely affecting their anti-inflammatory activity. In addition the biotransformation of the prodrugs to the parent compounds may be utilized to achieve rate and time controlled drug delivery of the active entities. Following oral administration the diethylcarbonate esters were rapidly biotransformed to the parent compounds and no ibudice or napdice was detected in the plasma. The relative bioavailability of ibuprofen and naproxen, following oral administration of ibudice and napdice, was 96% and 74%, respectively, and the rate of absorption was not significantly different from that obtained following oral dosing of the parent compound. Stability studies in gastric and intestinal juice showed that, unlike napdice, ibudice was stable in gastric juice, with both prodrugs undergoing rapid biotransformation to their parent compounds in intestinal juice. This rapid conversion led to the lack of sustained release performance following oral administration of ibudice or napidice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Samara
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tammara VK, Narurkar MM, Crider AM, Khan MA. Synthesis and evaluation of morpholinoalkyl ester prodrugs of indomethacin and naproxen. Pharm Res 1993; 10:1191-9. [PMID: 8415407 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018976520391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Morpholinoalkyl esters (HCl salts) of naproxen 1 and indomethacin 3 were synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their potential use as prodrugs for oral delivery. Prodrugs were freely soluble in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and showed a minimum of a 2000-fold increase in solubility over the parent drugs. All prodrugs were more lipophilic than parent drugs as indicated by n-octanol/pH 7.4 buffer partition coefficients but less lipophilic in terms of n-octanol/SGF partition coefficients. Potentiometrically determined pKa's for prodrugs were in the range of 6.89 to 8.62 at 25 degrees C. All prodrugs were quantitatively hydrolyzed to their respective parent drugs by enzymatic and/or by chemical means. An increase in carbon chain length rendered the prodrugs more stable at pH 7.4 but less stable in SGF. The esters were generally found to be hydrolyzed rapidly in rat plasma at 37 degrees C, the half-lives being in the range of 1.2-31.0 min. Based on in vitro results, prodrugs 2c and 4c were chosen to evaluate solid-state stability, in vivo bioavailability, and ulcerogenicity. At elevated temperatures, the solid-state decomposition of 2c and 4c followed biphasic kinetics, with rapid decomposition occurring initially. The prodrugs were 30-36% more bioavailable orally than the parent drugs following a single equimolar solution dose in rats. Prodrugs 2c and 4c were significantly less irritating to gastric mucosa than parent drugs following single-dose and chronic oral administration in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V K Tammara
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Northeast Louisiana University, Monroe 71209
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shanbhag VR, Crider AM, Gokhale R, Harpalani A, Dick RM. Ester and amide prodrugs of ibuprofen and naproxen: synthesis, anti-inflammatory activity, and gastrointestinal toxicity. J Pharm Sci 1992; 81:149-54. [PMID: 1545354 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600810210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ester and amide prodrugs of ibuprofen (1) and naproxen (16) were synthesized and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity and gastrointestinal toxicity. The chemical structure of the prodrugs was varied in terms of lipophilicity and reactivity toward hydrolysis. Inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing in mice indicated that prodrugs 7, 15, 19, and 20 exhibited significantly better activity (p less than 0.01) than the parent compounds. The average number of ulcers formed in the gastric mucosa following oral administration of 1 and 16 and prodrugs 5, 18, 21, and 22 was determined in rats. All prodrugs, except the glycine amide 21, were significantly less irritating to the gastric mucosa than either 1 or 16.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V R Shanbhag
- School of Pharmacy, Northeast Louisiana University, Monroe 71209
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dalal PS, Narurkar MM. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of sustained release suspensions of ibuprofen. Int J Pharm 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(91)90039-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
25
|
Ong HH, Allen RC. Chapter 33. To Market, To Market – 1987. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
|
26
|
Clark WG. Changes in body temperature after administration of antipyretics, LSD, delta 9-THC and related agents: II. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1987; 11:35-96. [PMID: 3033566 DOI: 10.1016/s0149-7634(87)80003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Antipyretics, in particular acetaminophen, aspirin and ibuprofen, constitute the single most important class of drugs used therapeutically for an effect on body temperature. Hallucinogens exert prominent actions on the central nervous system, and it is not surprising that, like so many other centrally-acting agents, they too often affect temperature. This compilation primarily covers the considerable amount of data published from 1981 through 1985 on the interactions of these drugs and thermoregulation, but data from many earlier papers not included in a previous compilation are also tabulated. The effects of agents not classically considered as antipyretics on temperatures of febrile subjects are also covered. The information listed includes the species used, the route of administration and dose of drug, the environmental temperature at which experiments were performed, the number of tests, the direction and magnitude of change in body temperature and remarks on special conditions, such as age or brain lesions. Also indicated is the influence of other drugs, such as antagonists, on the response to the primary agent.
Collapse
|
27
|
Chapter 18. New Agents for the Treatment of Inflammation and Arthritis. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)61285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|