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Thomas DC, Green M. Biochemical studies on adenovirus multiplication, xi. Evidence of a cytoplasmic site for the synthesis of viral-coded proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 56:243-6. [PMID: 16591360 PMCID: PMC285702 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.56.1.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D C Thomas
- INSTITUTE FOR MOLECULAR VIROLOGY, SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL
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Lucher LA, Symington JS, Green M. Biosynthesis and properties of the adenovirus 2 L1-encoded 52,000- and 55,000-Mr proteins. J Virol 1986; 57:839-47. [PMID: 3005630 PMCID: PMC252813 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.57.3.839-847.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The adenovirus type 2 L1 region, which is located at 30.7 to 39.2 map units on the viral genome, is transcribed from the major late promoter during both early and late stages of virus replication, and a 52,000-Mr (52K) protein-55K protein doublet has been translated in vitro on L1-specific RNA. To investigate the biosynthesis and properties of the L1 52K and 55K proteins, we prepared antibody against a synthetic peptide encoded near the predicted N terminus. As determined by immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis, the antipeptide antibody recognized major 52K and 55K proteins synthesized in adenovirus type 2-infected cells that appeared to be identical to the 52K-55K doublet translated in vitro. The immunoprecipitated 52K and 55K proteins were very closely related, as shown by a peptide map analysis. Both L1 proteins were phosphorylated, and they were phosphorylated at similar sites. No precursor-product relationship was detected between the 52K and 55K proteins by a pulse-chase analysis. Biosynthesis of the L1 52K and 55K proteins began about 6 to 7 h postinfection, after biosynthesis of the early region 1A and early region 1B 19K (175R) T antigens, and reached a maximum rate at about 15 h; the maximum rate was maintained until at least 25 h postinfection. At all times, the 55K protein appeared to be synthesized at a severalfold-higher level than the 52K protein. Both proteins were quite stable and accumulated until late times after infection. Viral DNA replication was not essential for formation of the L1 proteins. Thus, the L1 52K-55K gene appears to be regulated in a manner different from the classical early and late viral genes but similar to the protein encoded by the i-leader (Symington et al., J. Virol. 57:849-856, 1986). The L1 proteins were detected in the cell nucleus by immunofluorescence microscopy with antipeptide antibody and were found to be primarily associated with the nuclear membrane by an immunoblot analysis of subcellular fractions.
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Philipson L, Pettersson U, Lindberg U. Molecular biology of adenoviruses. VIROLOGY MONOGRAPHS. DIE VIRUSFORSCHUNG IN EINZELDARSTELLUNGEN 1975; 14:1-115. [PMID: 170728 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-8391-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yamashita T, Green M. Adenovirus DNA replication. I. Requirement for protein synthesis and isolation of nuclear membrane fractions containing newly synthesized viral DNA and proteins. J Virol 1974; 14:412-20. [PMID: 4850436 PMCID: PMC355532 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.14.3.412-420.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear membrane fractions were prepared by two procedures from KB cells pulse labeled with [(3)H]thymidine for 5 min late after infection with adenovirus 2: (i) the M-band technique, which yields a sharp peak containing most of the newly synthesized viral DNA, and (ii) the discontinuous sucrose gradient method, which yields three membrane fractions, one which bands at the interface between sucrose layers at density 1.18 and 1.20 g/ml and contains most of the newly synthesized viral DNA. Studies using cycloheximide to inhibit protein synthesis showed that proteins whose synthesis begins early after infection and occurs in the absence of viral DNA replication are required for viral DNA synthesis late after infection. To study the nature of these proteins, nuclear membrane fractions were isolated from cells labeled with [(3)H]leucine from 6 to 24 h postinfection in the presence of arabinosyl cytosine to block viral DNA replication, and were analyzed by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. Two proteins of molecular weights 75,000 and 45,000 were the major labeled polypeptides in the nuclear membrane fractions prepared from infected cells both by the M-band and the discontinuous sucrose gradient methods. These two proteins were not found in nuclear membrane fractions from uninfected cells. It is suggested that the 75,000 and 45,000 proteins may be early viral gene products that may play a role in the viral DNA replication.
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Rouse HC, Schlesinger RW. The effects of arginine starvation on macromolecular synthesis in infection with type 2 adenovirus. I. Synthesis and utilization of structural proteins. Virology 1972; 48:463-71. [PMID: 4337030 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(72)90057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Raska K, Prage L, Schlesinger RW. Effect of arginine starvation on macromolecular synthesis in infection with type 2 adenovirus. II. Synthesis of virus-specific RNA and DNA. Virology 1972; 48:472-84. [PMID: 4337031 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(72)90058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Everitt E, Sundquist B, Philipson L. Mechanism of the arginine requirement for adenovirus synthesis. I. Synthesis of structural proteins. J Virol 1971; 8:742-53. [PMID: 5002382 PMCID: PMC376255 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.8.5.742-753.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of the arginine requirement for adenovirus was studied in cultures of KB cells infected with adenovirus type 2. Macromolecular synthesis was found to be severely impaired in uninfected cells under complete arginine deprivation, whereas an arginine concentration of 50 mum yielded a moderate and reversible inhibition of growth and nucleic acid synthesis. At this concentration, viral structural proteins were accumulated in excess although the virus yield was reduced more than 1,000-fold. The arginine-sensitive step appeared to occur early during the first 15 hr postinfection in the virus growth cycle. Virus-infected cells deprived of arginine to 50 mum showed, when reversed, a 4- to 5-hr lag period before the increase in virus growth was observed. Analysis of the radioactive pattern of labeled virions synthesized after reversion showed that all polypeptides were synthesized after addition of arginine to the medium, and none of the virion-polypeptides which are revealed by gel electrophoresis appeared to be preferentially synthesized after arginine reversion. The excess pool of structural proteins formed during depletion appeared to a large extent to be unavailable for virus assembly.
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Parsons JT, Green M. Biochemical studies on adenovirus multiplication. 18. Resolution of early virus-specific RNA species in Ad 2 infected and transformed cells. Virology 1971; 45:154-62. [PMID: 5165249 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/growth & development
- Adenoviridae/pathogenicity
- Animals
- Carcinoma
- Cell Fractionation
- Cell Line
- Cell Nucleus/analysis
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Cells, Cultured/analysis
- Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Centrifugation, Density Gradient
- Cycloheximide/pharmacology
- Cytoplasm/analysis
- DNA, Viral
- Electrophoresis, Disc
- Genetic Code
- Genetics, Microbial
- Humans
- Molecular Weight
- Mouth Neoplasms
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Protein Biosynthesis
- RNA/biosynthesis
- RNA/isolation & purification
- RNA, Ribosomal/isolation & purification
- RNA, Viral/analysis
- RNA, Viral/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Sucrose
- Time Factors
- Tritium
- Uridine/metabolism
- Virus Replication
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Suzuki E, Shimojo H. A temperature-sensitive mutant of adenovirus 31, defective in viral deoxyribonucleic acid replication. Virology 1971; 43:488-94. [PMID: 5543834 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Fujinaga K, Green M. Mechanism of viral carcinogenesis by DNA mammalian viruses. VII. Viral genes transcribed in adenovirus type 2 infected and transformed cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1970; 65:375-82. [PMID: 5263771 PMCID: PMC282913 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.65.2.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-RNA hybridization-competition experiments were used to compare the virus-specific RNA sequences synthesized during productive infection with human adenovirus type 2 with those synthesized in virus-free adenovirus type 2 transformed cells. The "early" virus-specific RNA present at six hours after infection, prior to the onset of viral DNA synthesis, represents 8-20 percent (2 to 10 genes) of the viral genome. All viral RNA sequences synthesized early are also present "late," at 18 hours after infection. The base sequences transcribed in transformed cells are homologous to approximately 50 per cent of the sequences transcribed early after infection. Thus only 4 to 10 per cent of the viral genome, representing 1 to 5 viral genes, are transcribed in adenovirus type 2 transformed cells. The virus-specific RNA synthesized 18 hours after infection was not found in transformed cells, suggesting that either these late viral genes are not present or are not transcribed in adenovirus type 2 transformed cells.
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Stone AB. The replication of DNA-containing viruses. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/0079-6107(70)90015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ohe K, Weissman SM, Cooke NR. Studies on the Origin of a Low Molecular Weight Ribonucleic Acid from Human Cells Infected with Adenoviruses. J Biol Chem 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)63663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Warocquier R, Samaille J, Green M. Biochemical studies on adenovirus multiplication. XVI. Transcription of the adenovirus genome during abortive infection of elevated temperatures. J Virol 1969; 4:423-8. [PMID: 5823231 PMCID: PMC375891 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.4.4.423-428.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of infectious virus is reduced by 99% in adenovirus type 2-infected KB cells maintained at 42 C in suspension. Studies to delineate the steps in virus biosynthesis blocked at 42 C revealed the following. (i) The inhibition of ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis and the block in the conversion of ribosomal RNA precursors to ribosomal RNA which normally occur in infected cells at 37 C was accentuated at 42 C. (ii) The same species of early and late viral messenger RNA were synthesized at 37 and 42 C. (iii) The shift from host cell deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis to viral DNA replication occurred earlier at 42 C than at 37 C. These findings indicate that the thermosensitive block(s) in virion formation does not occur at the level of viral DNA replication or transcription of viral mRNA but probably involves the synthesis of late viral proteins or the maturation of the virion.
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Schlesinger RW. Adenoviruses: the nature of the virion and of controlling factors in productive or abortive infection and tumorigenesis. Adv Virus Res 1969; 14:1-61. [PMID: 4304567 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60556-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Carpenter C, Binkley SB. Effect of p-fluorophenylalanine on chromosome replication in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1968; 96:939-49. [PMID: 4879568 PMCID: PMC252402 DOI: 10.1128/jb.96.4.939-949.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of p-fluorophenylalanine (FPA) on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and chromosome replication was studied in a thymine-requiring mutant of Escherichia coli. The rate and extent of chromosome replication were followed by labeling the DNA with isotopic thymine and a density marker, bromouracil. The DNA was extracted and analyzed by CsCl gradient centrifugation. The block in chromosome replication caused by high concentrations of FPA occurred at the same point on the chromosome as that caused by amino acid starvation. In a random culture, DNA in cells treated with FPA replicated only slightly slower than the DNA from cells that were not exposed to the analogue. In cultures which had been previously starved for thymine, however, the DNA from the cells treated with FPA showed a marked decrease in the rate and extent of replication. It was concluded that the E. coli cell is most sensitive to FPA when a new cycle of chromosome replication is being initiated at the beginning of the chromosome.
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O'Callaghan DJ, Hyde JM, Gentry GA, Randall CC. Kinetics of viral deoxyribonucleic acid, protein, and infectious particle production and alterations in host macromolecular syntheses in equine abortion (herpes) virus-infected cells. J Virol 1968; 2:793-804. [PMID: 4302745 PMCID: PMC375693 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.2.8.793-804.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of exponential-phase suspension cultures of mouse fibroblast cells (L-M) with equine abortion virus (EAV) resulted in inhibition of cell growth and marked alterations in host metabolic processes. The synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid was inhibited within 4 hr after infection and was suppressed by more than 90% by the time of maximal virus replication (14 to 18 hr). The overall rate of protein synthesis, however, was similar in uninfected and virus-producing cells as determined by measurements of net protein and isotope incorporation. The time course of viral DNA and protein synthesis and assembly into mature virus was determined with the inhibitors 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) and cycloheximide, respectively. Thus, viral DNA synthesis was essentially completed at 14 hr, and viral protein and infectious virus synthesis was completed at 18 hr. Although the number of plaque-forming units (PFU) produced by FUdR-treated cells (10(3) to 10(4) PFU/ml) was at least 3 logs less than that produced by untreated cells, the yield of physical particles (as determined by electron microscopy) was approximately the same at 30 hr after infection. Besides being relatively non-infective, the particles produced in FUdR-treated cells appeared morphologically incomplete as they contained little or no nucleoid material.
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Strohl WA, Rouse HC, Schlesinger RW. Properties of cells derived from adenovirus-induced hamster tumors by long-term in vitro cultivation. II. Nature of the restricted response to type 2 adenovirus. Virology 1966; 28:645-58. [PMID: 4287203 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(66)90249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ledinko N. Changes in metabolic and enzymatic activities of monkey kidney cells after infection with adenovirus 2. Virology 1966; 28:679-92. [PMID: 4287205 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(66)90252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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