1
|
Mori Y, Yamashita E, Nakagawa A, Matsuzawa T, Inagaki M, Aiba Y, Tanaka S, Hatori S, Ayami M, Takeda S. Determination of the three-dimensional structure of bacteriophage Mu(-) tail fiber and its characterization. Virology 2024; 593:110017. [PMID: 38382161 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Bacteriophage Mu is a temperate phage known to infect various species of Enterobacteria, playing a role in bacterial mutation induction and horizontal gene transfer. The phage possesses two types of tail fibers important for host recognition, which enable it to expand its range of hosts. The alternate tail fibers are formed through the action of genes 49-50 or 52-51, allowing the Mu phage to recognize different surfaces of host cells. In a previous study, we presented the X-ray crystal structure of the C-terminal lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding domain of gene product (gp) 49, one of the subunits comprising the Mu tail fiber. In this study, we have determined the structure of the alternative tail fiber subunit, gp52, and compared it with other tail fibers. The results revealed that Mu phage employs different structural motifs for two individual tail fibers for recognizing different hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukina Mori
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Eiki Yamashita
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakagawa
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoki Matsuzawa
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Minoru Inagaki
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Aiba
- Division of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Syu Tanaka
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Syunya Hatori
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Maeda Ayami
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Shigeki Takeda
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huan YW, Fa-Arun J, Wang B. The Role of O-antigen in P1 Transduction of Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli with its Alternative S' Tail Fibre. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167829. [PMID: 36116540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enterobacteria phage P1 expresses two types of tail fibre, S and S'. Despite the wide usage of phage P1 for transduction, the host range and the receptor for its alternative S' tail fibre was never determined. Here, a ΔS-cin Δpac E. coli P1 lysogenic strain was generated to allow packaging of phagemid DNA into P1 phage having either S or S' tail fibre. P1(S') could transduce phagemid DNA into Shigella flexneri 2a 2457O, Shigella flexneri 5a M90T and Escherichia coli O3 efficiently. Mutational analysis of the O-antigen assembly genes and LPS inhibition assays indicated that P1(S') transduction requires at least one O-antigen unit. E. coli O111:B4 LPS produced a high neutralising effect against P1(S') transduction, indicating that this E. coli strain could be susceptible to P1(S')-mediated transduction. Mutations in the O-antigen modification genes of S. flexneri 2a 2457O and S. flexneri 5a M90T did not cause significant changes to P1(S') transduction efficiency. A higher transduction efficiency of P1(S') improved the delivery of a cas9 antimicrobial phagemid into both S. flexneri 2457O and M90T. These findings provide novel insights into P1 tropism-switching, by identifying the bacterial strains which are susceptible to P1(S')-mediated transduction, as well as demonstrating its potential for delivering a DNA sequence-specific Cas9 antimicrobial into clinically relevant S. flexneri.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang W Huan
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Jidapha Fa-Arun
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Baojun Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering & ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Centre of Biological Computation, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Toussaint A, Rice PA. Transposable phages, DNA reorganization and transfer. Curr Opin Microbiol 2017; 38:88-94. [PMID: 28551392 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transposable bacteriophages have long been known to necessarily and randomly integrate their DNA in their host genome, where they amplify by successive rounds of replicative transposition, profoundly reorganizing that genome. As a result of such transposition, a conjugative element (plasmid or genomic island), can either become integrated in the chromosome or receive chromosome segments, which can then be transferred to new hosts by conjugation. In recent years, more and more transposable phages have been isolated or detected by sequence similarity searches in a wide range of bacteria, supporting the idea that this mode of HGT may be pervasive in natural bacterial populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Toussaint
- Génétique et Physiologie Bactérienne, Université Libre de Bruxelles, IBMM-DBM, 12 Rue des Professeurs Jeneer et Brachet, B 6041 Gosselies, Belgium.
| | - Phoebe A Rice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 E. 57th St., Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Reversible site-specific DNA inversion reactions are widely distributed in bacteria and their viruses. They control a range of biological reactions that most often involve alterations of molecules on the surface of cells or phage. These programmed DNA rearrangements usually occur at a low frequency, thereby preadapting a small subset of the population to a change in environmental conditions, or in the case of phages, an expanded host range. A dedicated recombinase, sometimes with the aid of additional regulatory or DNA architectural proteins, catalyzes the inversion of DNA. RecA or other components of the general recombination-repair machinery are not involved. This chapter discusses site-specific DNA inversion reactions mediated by the serine recombinase family of enzymes and focuses on the extensively studied serine DNA invertases that are stringently controlled by the Fis-bound enhancer regulatory system. The first section summarizes biological features and general properties of inversion reactions by the Fis/enhancer-dependent serine invertases and the recently described serine DNA invertases in Bacteroides. Mechanistic studies of reactions catalyzed by the Hin and Gin invertases are then discussed in more depth, particularly with regards to recent advances in our understanding of the function of the Fis/enhancer regulatory system, the assembly of the active recombination complex (invertasome) containing the Fis/enhancer, and the process of DNA strand exchange by rotation of synapsed subunit pairs within the invertasome. The role of DNA topological forces that function in concert with the Fis/enhancer controlling element in specifying the overwhelming bias for DNA inversion over deletion and intermolecular recombination is emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reid C. Johnson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1737, Phone: 310 825-7800, Fax: 310 206-5272
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Toussaint A. Transposable Mu-like phages in Firmicutes: new instances of divergence generating retroelements. Res Microbiol 2013; 164:281-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
6
|
12 Virulence Determinants in the Bacterial Phytopathogen Erwinia. J Microbiol Methods 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0580-9517(08)70123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
|
7
|
Haggård-Ljungquist E, Halling C, Calendar R. DNA sequences of the tail fiber genes of bacteriophage P2: evidence for horizontal transfer of tail fiber genes among unrelated bacteriophages. J Bacteriol 1992; 174:1462-77. [PMID: 1531648 PMCID: PMC206541 DOI: 10.1128/jb.174.5.1462-1477.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have determined the DNA sequence of the bacteriophage P2 tail genes G and H, which code for polypeptides of 175 and 669 residues, respectively. Gene H probably codes for the distal part of the P2 tail fiber, since the deduced sequence of its product contains regions similar to tail fiber proteins from phages Mu, P1, lambda, K3, and T2. The similarities of the carboxy-terminal portions of the P2, Mu, ann P1 tail fiber proteins may explain the observation that these phages in general have the same host range. The P2 H gene product is similar to the products of both lambda open reading frame (ORF) 401 (stf, side tail fiber) and its downstream ORF, ORF 314. If 1 bp is inserted near the end of ORF 401, this reading frame becomes fused with ORF 314, creating an ORF that may represent the complete stf gene that encodes a 774-amino-acid-long side tail fiber protein. Thus, a frameshift mutation seems to be present in the common laboratory strain of lambda. Gene G of P2 probably codes for a protein required for assembly of the tail fibers of the virion. The entire G gene product is very similar to the products of genes U and U' of phage Mu; a region of these proteins is also found in the tail fiber assembly proteins of phages TuIa, TuIb, T4, and lambda. The similarities in the tail fiber genes of phages of different families provide evidence that illegitimate recombination occurs at previously unappreciated levels and that phages are taking advantage of the gene pool available to them to alter their host ranges under selective pressures.
Collapse
|
8
|
Roncero C, Sanderson KE, Casadaban MJ. Analysis of the host ranges of transposon bacteriophages Mu, MuhP1, and D108 by use of lipopolysaccharide mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT2. J Bacteriol 1991; 173:5230-3. [PMID: 1830581 PMCID: PMC208218 DOI: 10.1128/jb.173.16.5230-5233.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipopolysaccharide receptors for the mutator bacteriophages Mu, MuhP1, and D108 were investigated with lipopolysaccharide mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT2. Mu adsorbed only to mutants lacking the terminal O antigen but retaining the main chain sugars of the core; the side chain N-acetylglucosamine was not required. MuhP1 and D108 adsorbed partially to cells with the same receptors but adsorbed well only to cells with shorter lipopolysaccharides of the Rc and Rd1 chemotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Roncero
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Abstract
The revised sequence of a bacteriophage P1 DNA fragment containing the 5' end of the tail-fibre gene, gene 19, revealed that this gene is closely preceded by another open reading frame (ORF) of 432 bp. We have designated this ORF as gene R. The tail-fibre gene and gene R are transcriptionally and translationally coupled. Thus, the tail-fibre operon of bacteriophage P1 consists of three genes: gene R, gene 19 (or gene S) and gene U.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Guidolin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marrs CF, Ruehl WW, Schoolnik GK, Falkow S. Pilin-gene phase variation of Moraxella bovis is caused by an inversion of the pilin genes. J Bacteriol 1988; 170:3032-9. [PMID: 2898471 PMCID: PMC211245 DOI: 10.1128/jb.170.7.3032-3039.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Moraxella bovis Epp63 can express either of two different pilin proteins, called alpha and beta. We have previously cloned and sequenced the beta-pilin gene and now report that DNAs isolated from bacteria expressing alpha pilin have hybridization patterns consistently different from those of bacteria expressing beta pilin. The phase variation between alpha- and beta-pilin gene expression appears to be associated with an inversion of about 2 kilobases of DNA, whose endpoints occur within the coding region of the expressed pilin gene. Comparisons of the beta-pilin gene sequence with those of well-studied bacterial inversion systems revealed a stretch of 58% sequence similarity (21 of 36 base pairs) between the left inverted repeat of the Salmonella typhimurium flagellar hin control region and the amino-terminal portion of the beta-pilin gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C F Marrs
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Toussaint A, Desmet L, Faelen M, Alazard R, Chandler M, Pato M. In vivo mutagenesis of bacteriophage Mu transposase. J Bacteriol 1987; 169:5700-7. [PMID: 2824443 PMCID: PMC214061 DOI: 10.1128/jb.169.12.5700-5707.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We devised a method for isolating mutations in the bacteriophage Mu A gene which encodes the phage transposase. Nine new conditional defective A mutations were isolated. These, as well as eight previously isolated mutations, were mapped with a set of defined deletions which divided the gene into 13 100- to 200-base-pair segments. Phages carrying these mutations were analyzed for their ability to lysogenize and to transpose in nonpermissive hosts. One Aam mutation, Aam7110, known to retain the capacity to support lysogenization of a sup0 host (M. M. Howe, K. J. O'Day, and D. W. Shultz, Virology 93:303-319, 1979) and to map 91 base pairs from the 3' end of the gene (R. M. Harshey and S. D. Cuneo, J. Genet. 65:159-174, 1987) was shown to be able to complement other A mutations for lysogenization, although it was incapable of catalyzing either the replication of Mu DNA or the massive conservative integration required for phage growth. Four Ats mutations which map at different positions in the gene were able to catalyze lysogenization but not phage growth at the nonpermissive temperature. Phages carrying mutations located at different positions in the Mu B gene (which encodes a product necessary for efficient integration and lytic replication) were all able to lysogenize at the same frequency. These results suggest that the ability of Mu to lysogenize is not strictly correlated with its ability to perform massive conservative and replicative transposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Toussaint
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rhode Saint Genèse, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Harkki A, Karkku H, Palva ET. Use of lambda vehicles to isolate ompC-lacZ gene fusions in Salmonella typhimurium LT2. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1987; 209:607-11. [PMID: 2828886 DOI: 10.1007/bf00331170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel plasmid vector, pAMH70 carrying both the lamB and nusA genes of Escherichia coli K12 was constructed. Introduction of this plasmid into Salmonella typhimurium LT2 renders this bacterium both sensitive to lambda adsorption and able to sustain growth and lysogenization by lambda. Using this strain as a recipient, stable gene fusions to the gene encoding a major outer membrane porin protein OmpC, were constructed with a lambda vehicle lambda placMu. To confirm the actual site of fusions they were genetically mapped and transducing phages carrying the ompC-lacZ fusion were isolated and relysogenized. The fusions were also shown to be to ompC by their regulatory properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Harkki
- Department of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Using the mini-Mu-duction technique, we cloned the malA regions from Escherichia coli K-12 and Klebsiella pneumoniae. A comparison of the structures of the cloned DNAs indicated that the malT, malP, and malQ genes, encoding the transcriptional activator of the maltose regulon, maltodextrin phosphorylase, and amylomaltase, respectively, are similarly organized in both species; malP and malQ constitute an operon divergent from the malT gene. We sequenced 1,200 nucleotides encompassing the beginnings of the malT and malP genes, their promoters, and the intergenic region. The DNA sequences from the two species were very different; the levels of homology ranged from 28 to 80%, depending on the region. The sequences of the coding regions and of elements known to be important for the functions of these two promoters in E. coli were well conserved between the two bacteria, whereas the sequence of the malT-malP intergenic region had totally diverged.
Collapse
|
15
|
Tominaga A, Enomoto M. Magnesium-dependent plaque formation by bacteriophage P1cinC(-) on Escherichia coli C and Shigella sonnei. Virology 1986; 155:284-8. [PMID: 3535235 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(86)90190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Phage P1C(-), in a state of the phage not infective to Escherichia coli K12, was able to form plaques on a wild-type strain of E. coli C and on Shigella sonnei in the presence of Mg2+. Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, and a Salmonella typhimurium galE mutant were not lysed by, but were lysogenized with P1cinC(-), whereas Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus rettgeri, and S. typhimurium LT2 were not susceptible to either P1cinC(-) or P1cinC(+). The lipopolysaccharide structure of E. coli C and Sh. sonnei is discussed with reference to receptors for P1cinC(-) and P1cinC(+).
Collapse
|
16
|
Iida S, Hiestand-Nauer R, Meyer J, Arber W. Crossover sites cix for inversion of the invertible DNA segment C on the bacteriophage P7 genome. Virology 1985; 143:347-51. [PMID: 2998011 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(85)90123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The bacteriophage P7 genome contains an invertible DNA segment called C which determines its host range. P7 C(+) phages produce plaques on Escherichia coli K12. The C segment consists of a 3-kb unique sequence and 0.62-kb inverted repeats of which one carries an internal 0.2-kb deletion. This deletion has been mapped within the right inverted repeat in the C(+) orientation. The crossover sites cix for inversion of the C segment do not map at the inside boundaries of the inverted repeats, as had been proposed. They are localized at the external ends of these repeats. Thus organization of the C segment in phage P7 is analogous to that in the related phage P1.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The invertible G segment in phage Mu DNA controls the host range of the phage. Depending on the orientation of the G segment, two types of phage particles, G(+) and G(-), are produced which recognize different cell surface receptors. The receptor for Mu G(+) was located in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of gram-negative bacteria. The analysis of different LPS core types and of mutants that were made resistant to Mu G(+) shows that the primary receptor site on Escherichia coli K-12 lies in the GlcNAc beta 1 . . . 6Glc alpha 1-2Glc alpha 1-part at the outer end of the LPS. Mu shares this receptor site in E. coli K-12 with the unrelated single-stranded DNA phage St-1. Phage D108, which is related to Mu, and phages P1 and P7, which are unrelated to Mu but contain a homologous invertible DNA segment, have different receptor requirements. Since they also bind to terminal glucose in a different configuration, they adsorb to and infect E. coli K-12 strains with an incomplete LPS core.
Collapse
|
18
|
Plasterk RH, Van de Putte P. Genetic switches by DNA inversions in prokaryotes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1984; 782:111-9. [PMID: 6326835 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(84)90013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
19
|
Iida S. Bacteriophage P1 carries two related sets of genes determining its host range in the invertible C segment of its genome. Virology 1984; 134:421-34. [PMID: 6100576 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(84)90309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The bacteriophage P1 genome carries an invertible C segment consisting of 3-kb unique sequences flanked by 0.6-kb inverted repeats. Host range mutations of P1 have been mapped in the C segment region. P1 derivatives carrying insertions and deletions in the left half of the C segment in one of two orientations termed C(+) do not affect the plaque-forming ability on Escherichia coli K12 and E coli C, whereas those having insertions in the right half of the C segment fail to form plaques on these hosts. An E. coli C mutant which allows the latter insertion mutants with the C segment in the C(-) configuration to form plaques has been isolated. Not only P1 C(-) but also P1 C(+) phages gave plaques on this E. coli C mutant. The results are consistent with the notion that the C segment of P1 carries two sets of genes for host specificity, and that C inversion alters the P1 host range through activation of one set of the genes. Furthermore, extended host range mutants can be isolated by point mutation in either set of the P1 genes. C inversion is a slow process, but it occurs on the phage genome upon its vegetative growth as well as on the prophage in the lysogenic state. The 3-kb invertible G segment of the phage Mu genome is known to be homologous with the central 3-kb part of the C segment of P1 and to carry also two sets of genes for Mu host specificity. While only Mu G(-) grows on E. coli C, both Mu G(+) and Mu G(-) phages form plaques on the E. coli C mutant sensitive to P1 C(-). In the discussion the gene organization of the P1 C segment is compared with that of the Mu G segment.
Collapse
|
20
|
Toussaint A, Faelen M, Desmet L, Allet B. The products of gene A of the related phages Mu and D108 differ in their specificities. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1983; 190:70-9. [PMID: 6222246 DOI: 10.1007/bf00330326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
By recombination between different mutants of mutator phages Mu and D108, we isolated a set of viable hybrids. The structure of the hybrids was analyzed by digestion with different restriction enzymes. Genetic studies show that hybrids which carry the left end of the Mu genome complement a mini-Mu deleted from within the A gene as well as Mu while hybrids with the left end of the D108 genome or D108 do not. Vice versa, hybrids with the left end of the D108 genome or D108, but not hybrids with the left end of the Mu genome or Mu complement a mini-D108 deleted from within the A gene. The nucleotide sequence of the A gene of Mu and its equivalent on D108 are mainly similar except on their left end. These observations demonstrate that the two pA products, although only partially different, have different specificities.
Collapse
|
21
|
Toussaint A, Schoonejans E. Production and modification of Mu (G-) phage particles in E. coli K12 and Erwinia. Genet Res (Camb) 1983; 41:145-54. [PMID: 6222938 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672300021182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYWe studied the amount of Mu(G+) and Mu(G−) phages in different Mu lysates prepared either upon induction or upon infection ofE. coliandErwiniastrains. We also looked at the level of expression of the modification function (mom) by Mu(G−) phages, both after induction and after infection ofE. coliandErwinia. The expression ofmomseems to be regulated in the same manner inE. coliand in the strain ofErwinia carotovoratested. The proportion of both types of Mu(G+) and Mu(G−) phages in induced lysates is very variable and we found growth conditions favouring the production of Mu(G−) particles. This should extend the use of Mu as a genetic tool and as a generalized transducing phage to many enterobacteria.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
We used electron microscopy and serum blocking power tests to determine the phenotypes of 47 phage P1 amber mutants that have defects in particle morphogenesis. Eleven mutants showed head defects, 30 showed tail defects, and 6 had a defect in particle maturation (which could be either in the head or in the tail). Consideration of previous complementation test results, genetic and physical positions of the mutations, and phenotypes of the mutants allowed assignment of most of the 47 mutations to genes. Thus, a minimum of 12 tail genes, 4 head genes, and 1 particle maturation gene are now known for P1. Of the 12 tail genes, 1 (gene 19, located within the invertible C loop) codes for tail fibers, 6 (genes 3, 5, 16, 20, 21, and 26) code for baseplate components (although one of these genes could code for the tail tube), 1 (gene 22) codes for the sheath, 1 (gene 6) affects tail length, 2 (genes 7 and 25) are involved in tail stability, and 1 (gene 24) either codes for a baseplate component or is involved in tail stability. Of the four head genes, gene 9 codes for a protein required for DNA packaging. The function of head gene 4 is unclear. Head gene 8 probably codes for a minor head protein, whereas head gene 23 could code for either a minor head protein or the major head protein. Excluding the particle maturation gene (gene 1), the 12 tail genes are clustered in three regions of the P1 physical genome. The four head genes are at four separate locations. However, some P1 head genes have not yet been detected and could be located in two regions (for which there are no known genes) adjacent to genes 4 and 8. The P1 morphogenetic gene clusters are interrupted by many genes that are expressed in the prophage.
Collapse
|
23
|
Kennedy KE, Iida S, Meyer J, Stålhammar-Carlemalm M, Hiestand-Nauer R, Arber W. Genome fusion mediated by the site specific DNA inversion system of bacteriophage P1. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1983; 189:413-21. [PMID: 6602932 DOI: 10.1007/bf00325903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The genome of bacteriophage P1 contains a segment which is invertible by site specific recombination between sequences near the outside ends of the inverted repeats which flank it. Immediately adjacent to this C segment is the coding sequence for cin, the enzyme catalyzing inversion. We show that multicopy plasmids carrying cin and the sequences at which it acts (cix) can form dimers in the absence of the host recA function. Further, such plasmids can be cotransduced with P1 markers at high frequency from recA lysogens, indicating cointegration with the P1 genome. It is thus demonstrated that a system whose primary role is the inversion of a specific DNA segment can also mediate intermolecular recombination.
Collapse
|
24
|
Phage Mu: Transposition as a Life-Style. Mob Genet Elements 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-638680-6.50007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
|
25
|
Hiestand-Nauer R, Iida S. Sequence of the site-specific recombinase gene cin and of its substrates serving in the inversion of the C segment of bacteriophage P1. EMBO J 1983; 2:1733-40. [PMID: 6315399 PMCID: PMC555351 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01650.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inversion of the 4.2-kb C segment flanked by 0.6-kb inverted repeats on the bacteriophage P1 genome is mediated by the P1-encoded site-specific cin recombinase. The cin gene lies adjacent to the C segment and the C inversion cross-over sites cixL and cixR are at the external ends of the inverted repeats. We have sequenced the DNA containing the cin gene and these cix sites. The cin structural gene consists of 561 nucleotides and terminates at the inverted repeat end where the cixL site is located. Only two nucleotides in the cixL region differ from those in the cixR and they are within the cin TAA stop codon. The cin promoter was localized by transposon mutagenesis within a 0.1-kb segment, which contains probable promoter sequences overlapping with a 'pseudo-cix' sequence cixPp. In a particular mutant, integration of an IS1-flanked transposon into the cin control region promoted weak expression of the cin gene. The cin and cix sequences show homology with corresponding, functionally related sequences for H inversion in Salmonella and with cross-over sites for G inversion in phage Mu. Based on a comparison of the DNA sequences and of the gene organizations, a possible evolutionary relationship between these three inversion systems and the possible significance of the cixPp sequence in the cin promoter are discussed.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kamp D, Sandulache R. Recognition of cell surface receptors is controlled by invertible DNA of phage Mu. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1983. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1983.tb00273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
27
|
|
28
|
Iida S, Meyer J, Kennedy KE, Arber W. A site-specific, conservative recombination system carried by bacteriophage P1. Mapping the recombinase gene cin and the cross-over sites cix for the inversion of the C segment. EMBO J 1982; 1:1445-53. [PMID: 6327269 PMCID: PMC553230 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1982.tb01336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacteriophage P1 genome carries an invertible C segment consisting of 3-kb unique sequences flanked by 0.6-kb inverted repeats. With insertion and deletion mutants of P1 derivatives the site-specific recombinase gene cin for C inversion) has been mapped adjacent to the C segment and the cix sites (for C inversion cross-over) have been located at the outside ends of the inverted repeats. Inversion of the C segment functions as a biological switch and controls expression of the gene(s) responsible for phage infectivity carried on the C segment. The cin gene product can promote recombination between a 'quasi- cix ' site on plasmid pBR322 and a cix site on P1 DNA. The junctions formed on the resulting co-integrate can also serve as cix sites. This observation implies a potential evolutionary process to bring genes under the control of a biological switch acting by DNA inversion.
Collapse
|
29
|
Faelen M, Mergeay M, Gerits J, Toussaint A, Lefèbvre N. Genetic mapping of a mutation conferring sensitivity to bacteriophage Mu in Salmonella typhimurium LT2. J Bacteriol 1981; 146:914-9. [PMID: 7016837 PMCID: PMC216944 DOI: 10.1128/jb.146.3.914-919.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Two strains of Salmonella typhimurium LT2, SA1475 and MA411, were fortuitously found to be sensitive to bacteriophage Mu. The Mu-sensitivity allele of SA1475 was called musA1 and shown to be linked to the histidine operon both in conjugation and transduction experiments. The Mus allele of MA411 was unlinked to the his region and was tentatively designated musB2. Strains carrying large deletions of the his operon were also tested for Mu sensitivity; those of which the his-rib region is deleted were also sensitive to Mu. Transduction data led to the order zee-2 hisOGDCBAHFIE gnd musA. An Hfr injecting the his operon early (HfrK9) an carrying hisG9424::Tn10 delta 4 delta 11 and musA1 was isolated; this Hfr made it possible to introduce the Mus character into most derivatives of S. typhimurium LT2. Since strain SA1475 is resistant to bacteriophage P1, it could be used to select a new P1-Mu hybrid which has the host range of Mu and the transduction properties of P1.
Collapse
|
30
|
Toussaint A, Faelen M, Résibois A. Chromosomal rearrangements induced by mini-Mu and mini-D108: mini review and new data. Gene 1981; 14:115-9. [PMID: 6455331 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(81)90153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
31
|
|
32
|
|
33
|
Lefèbvre N, Toussaint A. Transfer of Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae genes in E. coli K12 by mini-muduction. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1981; 181:268-72. [PMID: 6456401 DOI: 10.1007/bf00268436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Using Mu/mini-Mu mixed lysates prepared by induction of Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae lysogenic for Mucts62 or the Mu-P1 hybrid, MPh1, and mini-Mu, Mu18A-1, we were able to transfer Arg and His genes from Klebsiella and Salmonella into E. coli K12.
Collapse
|
34
|
Csonka LN, Howe MM, Ingraham JL, Pierson LS, Turnbough CL. Infection of Salmonella typhimurium with coliphage Mu d1 (Apr lac): construction of pyr::lac gene fusions. J Bacteriol 1981; 145:299-305. [PMID: 6450746 PMCID: PMC217273 DOI: 10.1128/jb.145.1.299-305.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A procedure was developed for introducing the coliphage Mu d1 (Apr lac) into Salmonella typhimurium in order to construct gene fusions that place the structural genes of the lac operon under the control of the promoter-regulatory region of other genes. To introduce Mu d1 from Escherichia coli K-12 into S. typhimurium, which is normally not a host for Mu, we first constructed an E. coli double lysogen carrying the defective Mu d1 phage and a Mu-P1 hybrid helper phage (MuhP1) that confers the P1 host range. A lysate prepared from this strain was used to infect a P1-sensitive (i.e., galE), restriction-deficient, modification-proficient strain of S. typhimurium, and a double lysogen carrying Mu d1 and MuhP1 was isolated. Induction of the latter strain produced lysates capable of infecting and generating gene fusions in P1-sensitive strains of S. typhimurium. In this paper we describe the construction of pyr::lac fusions by this technique.
Collapse
|
35
|
Razza JB, Watkins CA, Scott JR. Phage P1 temperature-sensitive mutants with defects in the lytic pathway. Virology 1980; 105:52-9. [PMID: 6998105 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
36
|
van de Putte P, Cramer S, Giphart-Gassler M. Invertible DNA determines host specificity of bacteriophage mu. Nature 1980; 286:218-22. [PMID: 6250048 DOI: 10.1038/286218a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The function of the invertible G region of bacteriophage Mu is apparently to confer different host specificities on Mu. Two products of genes S and U, situated in the G region are not needed for the infectivity of Mu G(-) particles. In the Mu G(-) phage the S gene product and the 21-K polypeptide, presumably the product of gene U, are missing. Instead, two other polypeptides with different molecular weights are observed.
Collapse
|
37
|
Baumstark BR, Scott JR. The c1 repressor of bacteriophage P1. I. Isolation of the c1 protein and determination of the P1 DNA region to which it binds. J Mol Biol 1980; 140:471-80. [PMID: 7001033 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
38
|
|
39
|
|
40
|
Chesney RH, Scott JR, Vapnek D. Integration of the plasmid prophages P1 and P7 into the chromosome of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol 1979; 130:161-73. [PMID: 381673 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
41
|
Mural RJ, Chesney RH, Vapnek D, Kropf MM, Scott JR. Isolation and characterization of cloned fragments of bacteriophage P1 DNA. Virology 1979; 93:387-97. [PMID: 452412 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
42
|
Howe MM, Schumm JW, Taylor AL. The S and U genes of bacteriophage mu are located in the invertible G segment of mu DNA. Virology 1979; 92:108-24. [PMID: 419685 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
43
|
Résibois A, Toussaint A, de Smet L, Lefèbvre N. Chromosomal rearrangements by an IS2 insertion in phage Mu-1. Gene X 1978; 4:51-68. [PMID: 730054 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(78)90014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We have isolated and characterized a mutant of temperate phage Mu-1 carrying an IS2 insertion in the middle of its beta region. This mutant gives rise spontaneously to secondary mutants which have deletions of different sizes adjacent to IS2. One particular derivative however, was found to have acquired an additional insertion sequence adjacent to IS2. This derivative gave rise to tertiary mutants carrying a deletion next to the tandem insertion. The tandem insertion was located at the same place in the Mu beta region as another 2.6 kb insertion independently isolated by Chow et al. (1977) and was found to be homologous to that insertion. The properties of this particular secondary mutant show that Mu phage particles lacking their S end are defective for growth and lysogenisation.
Collapse
|