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Dimitrievska S, Gui L, Weyers A, Lin T, Cai C, Wu W, Tuggle CT, Sundaram S, Balestrini JL, Slattery D, Tchouta L, Kyriakides TR, Tarbell JM, Linhardt RJ, Niklason LE. New Functional Tools for Antithrombogenic Activity Assessment of Live Surface Glycocalyx. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1847-53. [PMID: 27386939 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is widely accepted that the presence of a glycosaminoglycan-rich glycocalyx is essential for endothelialized vasculature health; in fact, a damaged or impaired glycocalyx has been demonstrated in many vascular diseases. Currently, there are no methods that characterize glycocalyx functionality, thus limiting investigators' ability to assess the role of the glycocalyx in vascular health. APPROACH AND RESULTS We have developed novel, easy-to-use, in vitro assays that directly quantify live endothelialized surface's functional heparin weights and their anticoagulant capacity to inactivate Factor Xa and thrombin. Using our assays, we characterized 2 commonly used vascular models: native rat aorta and cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayer. We determined heparin contents to be ≈10 000 ng/cm(2) on the native aorta and ≈10-fold lower on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Interestingly, human umbilical vein endothelial cells demonstrated a 5-fold lower anticoagulation capacity in inactivating both Factor Xa and thrombin relative to native aortas. We verified the validity and accuracy of the novel assays developed in this work using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our assays are of high relevance in the vascular community because they can be used to establish the antithrombogenic capacity of many different types of surfaces such as vascular grafts and transplants. This work will also advance the capacity for glycocalyx-targeting therapeutics development to treat damaged vasculatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashka Dimitrievska
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.D., T.L., W.W., T.R.K., L.E.N.), Department of Anesthesiology (L.G., S.S., J.L.B., L.E.N.), Department of Surgery (W.W., C.T.T.), Department of Medicine (L.T.), and Department of Pharmacology (T.R.K.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D., R.J.L.); Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY (A.W., C.C., R.J.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs (D.S.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York (J.M.T.)
| | - Liqiong Gui
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.D., T.L., W.W., T.R.K., L.E.N.), Department of Anesthesiology (L.G., S.S., J.L.B., L.E.N.), Department of Surgery (W.W., C.T.T.), Department of Medicine (L.T.), and Department of Pharmacology (T.R.K.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D., R.J.L.); Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY (A.W., C.C., R.J.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs (D.S.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York (J.M.T.)
| | - Amanda Weyers
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.D., T.L., W.W., T.R.K., L.E.N.), Department of Anesthesiology (L.G., S.S., J.L.B., L.E.N.), Department of Surgery (W.W., C.T.T.), Department of Medicine (L.T.), and Department of Pharmacology (T.R.K.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D., R.J.L.); Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY (A.W., C.C., R.J.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs (D.S.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York (J.M.T.)
| | - Tylee Lin
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.D., T.L., W.W., T.R.K., L.E.N.), Department of Anesthesiology (L.G., S.S., J.L.B., L.E.N.), Department of Surgery (W.W., C.T.T.), Department of Medicine (L.T.), and Department of Pharmacology (T.R.K.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D., R.J.L.); Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY (A.W., C.C., R.J.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs (D.S.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York (J.M.T.)
| | - Chao Cai
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.D., T.L., W.W., T.R.K., L.E.N.), Department of Anesthesiology (L.G., S.S., J.L.B., L.E.N.), Department of Surgery (W.W., C.T.T.), Department of Medicine (L.T.), and Department of Pharmacology (T.R.K.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D., R.J.L.); Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY (A.W., C.C., R.J.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs (D.S.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York (J.M.T.)
| | - Wei Wu
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.D., T.L., W.W., T.R.K., L.E.N.), Department of Anesthesiology (L.G., S.S., J.L.B., L.E.N.), Department of Surgery (W.W., C.T.T.), Department of Medicine (L.T.), and Department of Pharmacology (T.R.K.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D., R.J.L.); Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY (A.W., C.C., R.J.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs (D.S.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York (J.M.T.)
| | - Charles T Tuggle
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.D., T.L., W.W., T.R.K., L.E.N.), Department of Anesthesiology (L.G., S.S., J.L.B., L.E.N.), Department of Surgery (W.W., C.T.T.), Department of Medicine (L.T.), and Department of Pharmacology (T.R.K.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D., R.J.L.); Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY (A.W., C.C., R.J.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs (D.S.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York (J.M.T.)
| | - Sumati Sundaram
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.D., T.L., W.W., T.R.K., L.E.N.), Department of Anesthesiology (L.G., S.S., J.L.B., L.E.N.), Department of Surgery (W.W., C.T.T.), Department of Medicine (L.T.), and Department of Pharmacology (T.R.K.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D., R.J.L.); Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY (A.W., C.C., R.J.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs (D.S.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York (J.M.T.)
| | - Jenna L Balestrini
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.D., T.L., W.W., T.R.K., L.E.N.), Department of Anesthesiology (L.G., S.S., J.L.B., L.E.N.), Department of Surgery (W.W., C.T.T.), Department of Medicine (L.T.), and Department of Pharmacology (T.R.K.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D., R.J.L.); Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY (A.W., C.C., R.J.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs (D.S.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York (J.M.T.)
| | - David Slattery
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.D., T.L., W.W., T.R.K., L.E.N.), Department of Anesthesiology (L.G., S.S., J.L.B., L.E.N.), Department of Surgery (W.W., C.T.T.), Department of Medicine (L.T.), and Department of Pharmacology (T.R.K.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D., R.J.L.); Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY (A.W., C.C., R.J.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs (D.S.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York (J.M.T.)
| | - Lise Tchouta
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.D., T.L., W.W., T.R.K., L.E.N.), Department of Anesthesiology (L.G., S.S., J.L.B., L.E.N.), Department of Surgery (W.W., C.T.T.), Department of Medicine (L.T.), and Department of Pharmacology (T.R.K.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D., R.J.L.); Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY (A.W., C.C., R.J.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs (D.S.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York (J.M.T.)
| | - Themis R Kyriakides
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.D., T.L., W.W., T.R.K., L.E.N.), Department of Anesthesiology (L.G., S.S., J.L.B., L.E.N.), Department of Surgery (W.W., C.T.T.), Department of Medicine (L.T.), and Department of Pharmacology (T.R.K.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D., R.J.L.); Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY (A.W., C.C., R.J.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs (D.S.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York (J.M.T.)
| | - John M Tarbell
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.D., T.L., W.W., T.R.K., L.E.N.), Department of Anesthesiology (L.G., S.S., J.L.B., L.E.N.), Department of Surgery (W.W., C.T.T.), Department of Medicine (L.T.), and Department of Pharmacology (T.R.K.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D., R.J.L.); Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY (A.W., C.C., R.J.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs (D.S.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York (J.M.T.)
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.D., T.L., W.W., T.R.K., L.E.N.), Department of Anesthesiology (L.G., S.S., J.L.B., L.E.N.), Department of Surgery (W.W., C.T.T.), Department of Medicine (L.T.), and Department of Pharmacology (T.R.K.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D., R.J.L.); Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY (A.W., C.C., R.J.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs (D.S.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York (J.M.T.)
| | - Laura E Niklason
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.D., T.L., W.W., T.R.K., L.E.N.), Department of Anesthesiology (L.G., S.S., J.L.B., L.E.N.), Department of Surgery (W.W., C.T.T.), Department of Medicine (L.T.), and Department of Pharmacology (T.R.K.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (S.D., R.J.L.); Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY (A.W., C.C., R.J.L.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs (D.S.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York (J.M.T.).
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