1
|
Gibson AD, Bayrón-Marrero Z, Nieves-Lopez B, Maldonado-Martínez G, Washington AV. High Levels of Triggering Receptor Expressed in Myeloid Cells-Like Transcript-1 Positive, but Not Glycoprotein 1b+, Microparticles Are Associated With Poor Outcomes in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Crit Care Explor 2024; 6:e1108. [PMID: 38935146 PMCID: PMC11213581 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000001108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells-like transcript-1 positive (TLT-1+) microparticles (MPs) and evaluate if their presence is associated with clinical outcomes and/or disease severity in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING ARDS Network clinical trials. PATIENTS A total of 564 patients were diagnosed with ARDS. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Using flow cytometry, we demonstrated the presence of TLT-1+ platelet-derived microparticles (PMP) that bind fibrinogen in plasma samples from fresh donors. We retrospectively quantified TLT-1, glycoprotein (Gp) 1b, or αIIbβIIIa immunopositive microparticles in plasma samples from patients with ARDS enrolled in the ARMA, KARMA, and LARMA (Studies 01 and 03 lower versus higher tidal volume, ketoconazole treatment, and lisofylline treatment Clincial Trials) ARDS Network clinical trials and evaluated the relationship between these measures and clinical outcomes. No associations were found between Gp1b+ MPs and clinical outcomes for any of the cohorts. When stratified by quartile, associations were found for survival, ventilation-free breathing, and thrombocytopenia with αIIbβIIIa+ and TLT-1+ MPs (χ2p < 0.001). Notably, 63 of 64 patients in this study who failed to achieve unassisted breathing had TLT+ PMP in the 75th percentile. In all three cohorts, patients whose TLT+ MP counts were higher than the median had higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III scores, were more likely to present with thrombocytopenia and were 3.7 times (p < 0.001) more likely to die than patients with lower TLT+ PMP after adjusting for other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Although both αIIbβIIIa+ and TLT+ microparticles (αIIbβIIIa, TLT-1) were associated with mortality, TLT-1+ MPs demonstrated stronger correlations with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III scores, unassisted breathing, and multiple system organ failure. These findings warrant further exploration of the mechanistic role of TLT-1+ PMP in ARDS or acute lung injury progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benjamin Nieves-Lopez
- Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Segev A, Shechter M, Tsur AM, Belkin D, Cohen H, Sharon A, Morag NK, Grossman E, Maor E. Serum Magnesium Is Associated with Long-Term Survival of Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients. Nutrients 2023; 15:4299. [PMID: 37836583 PMCID: PMC10574643 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low serum magnesium (sMg) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerotic disease. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between sMg levels on admission and clinical outcomes in hospitalized non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients. METHODS A retrospective analysis of all patients admitted to a single tertiary center with a primary diagnosis of NSTEMI. Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease were excluded. Clinical data were collected and compared between lower sMg quartile patients (Q1; sMg < 1.9 mg/dL) and all other patients (Q2-Q4; sMg ≥ 1.9 mg/dL). RESULTS The study cohort included 4552 patients (70% male, median age 69 [IQR 59-79]) who were followed for a median of 4.4 (IQR 2.4-6.6) years. The median sMg level in the low sMg group was 1.7 (1.6-1.8) and 2.0 (2.0-2.2) mg/dL in the normal/high sMg group. The low sMg group was older (mean of 72 vs. 67 years), less likely to be male (64% vs. 72%), and had higher rates of comorbidities, including diabetes, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation (59% vs. 29%, 92% vs. 85%, and 6% vs. 5%; p < 0.05 for all). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated significantly higher cumulative death probability at 4 years in the low sMg group (34% vs. 22%; p log rank <0.001). In a multivariable analysis model adjusted for sex, significant comorbidities, coronary interventions during the hospitalization, and renal function, the low sMg group exhibited an independent 24% increased risk of death during follow up (95% CI 1.11-1.39; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Low sMg is independently associated with higher risk of long-term mortality among patients recovering from an NSTEMI event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amitai Segev
- The Leviev Cardiothoracic & Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262504, Israel; (M.S.); (E.M.)
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel (D.B.); (H.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Michael Shechter
- The Leviev Cardiothoracic & Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262504, Israel; (M.S.); (E.M.)
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel (D.B.); (H.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Avishai M. Tsur
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel (D.B.); (H.C.); (E.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262504, Israel
- Israel Defense Forces, Medical Corps, Ramat Gan 5262504, Israel
| | - David Belkin
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel (D.B.); (H.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Hofit Cohen
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel (D.B.); (H.C.); (E.G.)
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262504, Israel
| | - Amir Sharon
- The Leviev Cardiothoracic & Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262504, Israel; (M.S.); (E.M.)
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel (D.B.); (H.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Nira Koren Morag
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel (D.B.); (H.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Ehud Grossman
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel (D.B.); (H.C.); (E.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262504, Israel
| | - Elad Maor
- The Leviev Cardiothoracic & Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262504, Israel; (M.S.); (E.M.)
- The Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel (D.B.); (H.C.); (E.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fluorescent Probes as a Tool in Diagnostic and Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030381. [PMID: 36986481 PMCID: PMC10056067 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, the development of fluorescent probes has received considerable attention. Fluorescence signaling allows noninvasive and harmless real-time imaging with great spectral resolution in living objects, which is extremely useful for modern biomedical applications. This review presents the basic photophysical principles and strategies for the rational design of fluorescent probes as visualization agents in medical diagnosis and drug delivery systems. Common photophysical phenomena, such as Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT), Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer (TICT), Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET), Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT), Fluorescent Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), and Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE), are described as platforms for fluorescence sensing and imaging in vivo and in vitro. The presented examples are focused on the visualization of pH, biologically important cations and anions, reactive oxygen species (ROS), viscosity, biomolecules, and enzymes that find application for diagnostic purposes. The general strategies regarding fluorescence probes as molecular logic devices and fluorescence–drug conjugates for theranostic and drug delivery systems are discussed. This work could be of help for researchers working in the field of fluorescence sensing compounds, molecular logic gates, and drug delivery.
Collapse
|
4
|
Pluta K, Porębska K, Urbanowicz T, Gąsecka A, Olasińska-Wiśniewska A, Targoński R, Krasińska A, Filipiak KJ, Jemielity M, Krasiński Z. Platelet-Leucocyte Aggregates as Novel Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Diseases. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020224. [PMID: 35205091 PMCID: PMC8869671 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death worldwide. Hence, novel biomarkers are urgently needed to improve diagnosis and treatment. Platelet–leucocyte aggregates are conglomerates of platelets and leucocytes and are widely investigated as biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases. Platelet–leucocytes aggregates are present in health, but increase in patients with cardiovascular risk factors and acute or stable coronary syndromes, making them a potential diagnostic marker. Moreover, platelet–leucocyte aggregates predict outcomes after surgery or percutaneous treatment and could be used to monitor antiplatelet therapy. Emerging data about the participation of platelet–leucocyte aggregates in cardiovascular diseases pathogenesis make them an attractive target for novel therapies. Furthermore, simple detection with conventional flow cytometry provides accurate and reproducible results, although requires specific sample handling. The main task for the future is to determine the standardized protocol to measure blood concentrations of platelet–leucocyte aggregates and subsequently establish their normal range in health and disease. Abstract Platelet–leucocyte aggregates (PLA) are a formation of leucocytes and platelets bound by specific receptors. They arise in the condition of sheer stress, thrombosis, immune reaction, vessel injury, and the activation of leukocytes or platelets. PLA participate in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Increased levels of PLA were revealed in acute and chronic coronary syndromes, carotid stenosis cardiovascular risk factors. Due to accessible, available, replicable, quick, and low-cost quantifying using flow cytometry, PLA constitute an ideal biomarker for clinical practice. PLA are promising in early diagnosing and estimating prognosis in patients with acute or chronic coronary syndromes treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). PLA were also a reliable marker of platelet activity for monitoring antiplatelet therapy. PLA consist also targets potential therapies in CVD. All of the above potential clinical applications require further studies to validate methods of assay and proof clinical benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Pluta
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Kinga Porębska
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Tomasz Urbanowicz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (T.U.); (A.O.-W.); (M.J.)
| | - Aleksandra Gąsecka
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (K.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-599-1951
| | - Anna Olasińska-Wiśniewska
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (T.U.); (A.O.-W.); (M.J.)
| | - Radosław Targoński
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Krasińska
- Department of Ophtalmology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof J. Filipiak
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy in Warsaw, 00-136 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marek Jemielity
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (T.U.); (A.O.-W.); (M.J.)
| | - Zbigniew Krasiński
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Huang LY, Li PP, Li YJ, Zhao WQ, Shang WK, Wang YL, Gao DS, Li HC, Ma P. Decreased intracellular chloride promotes ADP induced platelet activation through inhibition of cAMP/PKA instead of activation of Lyn/PI3K/Akt pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1740-1746. [PMID: 30122318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Decrease of chloride concentration contributes to cardiovascular diseases, however, whether decrease of chloride concentration is involved in platelet activation remains elusive. In the present study, we found that ACI patients had lower serum chloride which would be rescued after Aspirin administration. ADP induced chloride concentration reduction in platelets. Blockade of chloride channel prevented ADP-induced platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation, however, decreasing the extracellular chloride concentration promoted ADP-induced platelet adhesion and activation. Decrease of the extracellular chloride concentration facilitated the inactivation of Src family kinase Lyn, which was not involved in PI3K/Akt phosphorylation. Nevertheless, low chloride concentration promoted the production of platelet cytosol Gαi2 subunit. This subunit prevents AC from converting ATP into cAMP, which therefore, inhibited the phosphorylation of PKA to promote platelet activation. In conclusion, decreased intracellular chloride promotes ADP induced platelet activation through the Gαi2/cAMP/PKA pathway instead of the Lyn/PI3K/Akt signal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yan Huang
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Peng-Peng Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.99 Huaihai West Road, 221000, PR China
| | - Yu-Jie Li
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Wen-Qian Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Wen-Kang Shang
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Dian-Shuai Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, PR China
| | - Hong-Chun Li
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Medical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.99 Huaihai West Road, 221000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tangvoraphonkchai K, Davenport A. Magnesium and Cardiovascular Disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2018; 25:251-260. [PMID: 29793664 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium is the most abundant intracellular divalent cation and essential for maintaining normal cellular physiology and metabolism, acting as a cofactor of numerous enzymes, regulating ion channels and energy generation. In the heart, magnesium plays a key role in modulating neuronal excitation, intracardiac conduction, and myocardial contraction by regulating a number of ion transporters, including potassium and calcium channels. Magnesium also has a role in regulating vascular tone, atherogenesis and thrombosis, vascular calcification, and proliferation and migration of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. As such, magnesium potentially has a major influence on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. As the kidney is a major regulator of magnesium homeostasis, kidney disorders can potentially lead to both magnesium depletion and overload, and as such increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Observational data have shown an association between low serum magnesium concentrations or magnesium intake and increased atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, and heart failure. However, major trials of supplementation with magnesium have reported inconsistent benefits and also raised potential adverse effects of magnesium overload. As such, there is currently no firm recommendation for routine magnesium supplementation except when hypomagnesemia has been proven or suspected as a cause for cardiac arrhythmias.
Collapse
|
8
|
Münzer P, Liu G, Towhid S, Karathanos A, Tavlaki E, Geisler T, Seizer P, May A, Bigalke B, Borst O, Gawaz M, Tolios A, Gatidis S, Lang F. Increased platelet Ca2+ channel Orai1 expression upon platelet activation and in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemost 2017; 110:386-9. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-09-0701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
9
|
Voesch S, Htun P, Jorbenadze R, Geisler T, Gawaz M, Bocksch W, Fateh-Moghadam S. Platelet activation is less enhanced in the new balloon expandable Edwards Sapien 3 valve compared to its predecessor model (Edwards Sapien XT). Thromb Haemost 2017; 115:109-16. [DOI: 10.1160/th15-03-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryStroke and thromboembolic events after transfemoral aortic valve replacement (TAVR) continue to be a problem. The aim of our study was to compare platelet aggregation (Agg) and platelet activation (PA) observed with two different catheter valves, the ESV-XT and the newer ESV-3 valve in patients (pts) undergoing TAVR on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). A total of 174 patients with severe aortic stenosis and high surgical risk successfully underwent TAVR (60 ESV-XT; 114 ESV-3). Platelet Agg and PA (CD62P expression) were evaluated before and the following three days after TAVR under DAPT. Platelet Agg was inhibited to the same extent in both valve types and there was no significant difference in platelet drop between both valve types between day 0 and day 3 [ESV-XT vs ESV-3: median (25th-75th percentile): platelet count (x1000): 55 (42–74) vs 61(42–93), p=0.280]. However, there was an enhanced CD62P expression directly after TAVR with the ESV-XT compared to the ESV-3 [CD62P (MIF): 7.4 (6.8–8.6) vs 6.6 (6–7.9), p=0.014]. Surface expression of platelet CD62P was associated with the occurrence of residual aortic regurgitation (AR) and was significantly higher in patients with residual AR [CD62P (mild AR) vs CD 62P (no or trace AR): 7.9 (7.3–9.1) vs 7.1 (6.4–8.0), p < 0.001)]. PA was significantly enhanced in patients with the ESV-XT compared to the ESV-3 valve and was associated with the amount of residual AR which was significantly reduced by ESV-3. This may have implications for thromboembolic events following TAVR procedure
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Soma P, Swanepoel AC, du Plooy JN, Mqoco T, Pretorius E. Flow cytometric analysis of platelets type 2 diabetes mellitus reveals 'angry' platelets. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:52. [PMID: 27036108 PMCID: PMC4818425 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The function of platelets have extended way beyond the horizon of haemostasis and thrombosis, and are recognised as active participants in vascular inflammation, as well as in prothrombotic complications of cardiovascular diseases. We describe and compare platelet function in type II diabetes (with and without cardiovascular manifestation) and healthy individuals using scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry. Methods Thirty subjects were recruited per group and informed consent was obtained from all participants. Diabetic patients were recruited from the diabetic clinic of the Steve Biko Academic Hospital (South Africa). Blood samples were drawn from all participants so that platelet specific antigens were analyzed in citrated whole blood. The platelet parameters used in the study were platelet identifiers (CD41 and CD42) and markers of platelet activation (CD62 and CD63). Results Results show that, compared to healthy individuals, both diabetic groups showed a significant difference in both platelet identifiers (CD41-PE, CD42b-PE) as well as markers indicating platelet activation (CD62P-PE and CD63-PE). Interpretation The flow cytometric data shows that the platelet surface receptors and platelet activation are statistically elevated. This is suggestive of enhanced platelet activation and it appears as if platelets are displaying ‘angry’ behaviour. The lysosomal granules may play a significant role in diabetes with cardiovascular complications. These results were confirmed by ultrastructural analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashilla Soma
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Albe Carina Swanepoel
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Jeanette Noel du Plooy
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Thandi Mqoco
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ueno K, Nomura Y, Morita Y, Eguchi T, Masuda K, Kawano Y. Circulating platelet-neutrophil aggregates play a significant role in Kawasaki disease. Circ J 2015; 79:1349-56. [PMID: 25787672 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-14-1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating platelet-neutrophil aggregates play a crucial role in amplifying acute inflammation and could promote adverse effects involving vascular injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of platelet-neutrophil aggregates in Kawasaki disease (KD). METHODS AND RESULTS Forty patients with KD (30 intravenous immunoglobulin [IVIG] responders and 10 IVIG non-responders), 7 febrile patients with bacterial infections, and 9 normal volunteers were analyzed. Thirty-three patients with KD were treated with IVIG, and 7 were treated with IVIG plus prednisolone. We evaluated the rate of platelet-neutrophil aggregates and measured the platelet factor 4 (PF4) and β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) levels. The rate of platelet-neutrophil aggregates was significantly higher in patients with KD than those with bacterial infection and normal volunteers. The rate of platelet-neutrophil aggregates was significantly higher in patients with coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) than in those without CAA, and was correlated with PF4 and β-TG levels in patients with KD. Comparing time-course analysis, the rate of platelet-neutrophil aggregates was significantly decreased in patients treated with IVIG plus prednisolone than in those treated with IVIG alone. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate that platelet-neutrophil aggregates are significantly present in higher rates and are closely related to pathological developments of CAA in KD. Additional prednisolone treatment for patients in the acute phase of KD could suppress platelet-neutrophil aggregates, indicating that platelet-neutrophil aggregates would inhibit amplified reciprocal vascular inflammatory activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ueno
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wurster T, Tegtmeyer R, Borst O, Rath D, Geisler T, Gawaz M, Bigalke B. Platelet expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 is associated with the degree of valvular aortic stenosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97405. [PMID: 24834915 PMCID: PMC4023969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Platelet surface expression of stromal-cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is increased during platelet activation and constitutes an important factor in hematopoetic progenitor cell trafficking at sites of vascular injury and ischemia. Enhanced platelet SDF-1 expression has been reported previously in patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We hypothesized that expression of platelet associated SDF-1 may also be influenced by calcified valvular aortic stenosis (AS). Methods We consecutively evaluated 941 patients, who were admitted to the emergency department with dyspnea and chest pain. Platelet surface expression of SDF-1 was determined by flow cytometry, AS was assessed using echocardiography and hemodynamic assessment by heart catheterization. A 1∶1 propensity score matching was implemented to match 218 cases with 109 pairs adjusting for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, and medication including ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta blockers, statins, aspirin, clopidogrel, GPIIb/IIIa antagonists, and vitamin K antagonists. Results Patients with valvular AS showed enhanced platelet SDF-1 expression compared to patients without AS (non-valvular disease, NV) independent of ACS and stable coronary artery disease (SAP) [mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) for ACS (AS vs. NV): 75±40.4 vs. 39.5±23.3; P = 0.002; for SAP (AS vs. NV): 54.9±44.6 vs. 24.3±11.2; P = 0.008]. Moreover, the degree of AS significantly correlated with SDF-1 platelet surface expression (r = 0.462; P = 0.002). Conclusions Valvular AS is associated with enhanced platelet-SDF-1 expression; moreover the degree of valvular AS correlates with SDF-1 platelet surface expression. These findings may have clinical implications in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wurster
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roland Tegtmeyer
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Borst
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Rath
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Geisler
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Boris Bigalke
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany; King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wurster T, Stellos K, Haap M, Seizer P, Geisler T, Otton J, Indermuehle A, Ishida M, Schuster A, Nagel E, Gawaz M, Bigalke B. Platelet expression of stromal-cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1): An indicator for ACS? Int J Cardiol 2013; 164:111-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
15
|
|
16
|
|
17
|
Majumder B, North J, Mavroudis C, Rakhit R, Lowdell MW. Improved accuracy and reproducibility of enumeration of platelet-monocyte complexes through use of doublet-discriminator strategy. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2012; 82:353-9. [PMID: 22915375 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-monocyte complex (PMC) formation is a marker of in vivo platelet activation and may be readily measured by flow cytometry. Due to the high frequency of free platelets relative to monocytes and PMCs, false-positive identification through coincidence remains a significant technical problem.To overcome this problem, we evaluated the use of a doublet-discriminator strategy (DDM) to allow faster sample acquisition whilst significantly reducing aberrant coincidence. METHODS Fourteen healthy volunteers and 20 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) gave arterial and/or peripheral venous blood samples (NaCit). Whole blood was labelled in duplicate with anti-CD61 and anti-CD14 using a standard lyse/wash protocol. One of each paired sample was serially diluted before analysis; the second was analyzed at full concentration but using FL1-width to exclude co-incident platelet and monocyte events. Control experiments were performed with ex vivo thrombin activated samples. RESULTS With the DDM use PMC frequencies in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals and in CAD patients fell significantly [6.27% ± 1.77 (mean ± sd) to 2.57% ± 0.99 (P = 0.02)] and from 16.04% (± 11.26) to 7.66% (± 5.18) (P < 0.01), respectively. DDM use significantly reduced the percentage of PMCs in the ex vivo thrombin activated samples (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Use of DDM effectively reduces the coincidence and enumerates true PMC in the samples of normal individuals and in patients with CAD and in ex vivo thrombin activated samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Majumder
- Department of Haematology, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gorudko IV, Shamova EV, Shishlo LM, Mukhortova AV, Prokhorova VI, Panasenko OM, Gusev SA, Cherenkevich SN. Glutathione-dependent regulation of platelet aggregation with neutrophils and tumor cells. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350912010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
19
|
Wurster T, Stellos K, Geisler T, Seizer P, Andia ME, Schuster A, May AE, Melms A, Gawaz M, Bigalke B. Expression of stromal‐cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1): a predictor of ischaemic stroke? Eur J Neurol 2011; 19:395-401. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Wurster
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard‐Karls‐Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - K. Stellos
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard‐Karls‐Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - T. Geisler
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard‐Karls‐Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - P. Seizer
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard‐Karls‐Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M. E. Andia
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, King’s College London, The Rayne Institute, London, UK
| | - A. Schuster
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, King’s College London, The Rayne Institute, London, UK
| | - A. E. May
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard‐Karls‐Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A. Melms
- Center for Neurology, Eberhard‐Karls‐Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M. Gawaz
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard‐Karls‐Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - B. Bigalke
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard‐Karls‐Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, King’s College London, The Rayne Institute, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ying SQ, Xiang MX, Fang L, Wang JA. Temporal changes in circulating P-selectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, magnesium, and creatine kinase after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2010; 11:575-82. [PMID: 20669347 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1001006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the mechanisms underlying restenosis and ischemia-reperfusion injury of the myocardium after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS The present study examined serial changes (5 min, 30 min, 2 h, 6 h, and 24 h after PCI) in circulating P-selectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), magnesium (Mg), and creatine kinase-myocardial band fraction (CK-MB) levels, which may be associated with restenosis and myocardial injury in patients undergoing PCI. The occurrence rates of major adverse cardiovascular events were collected over a six-month follow-up. RESULTS PCI induced an early elevation of P-selectin, which correlated positively with the inflation pressure used in the PCI procedure. PCI also caused a significant and sustained decrease in serum Mg in PCI patients, without an effect on PAI-1. An increase in CK-MB was observed in PCI patients, although values were within normal reference range. In addition, elevated P-selectin and decreased Mg measured shortly after the coronary angioplasty procedure were associated with recurrent treatment and heart failure, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that PCI induces temporal changes of P-selectin, Mg, and CK-MB, which may be involved in restenosis and ischemia-reperfusion injury. These findings highlight the need for using antiplatelet therapy and Mg to reduce the risks associated with PCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-qin Ying
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sanderson HM, Fox SC, Robbins RA, Lösche W, Spangenberg P, Heptinstall S. Role of GPIIb-IIIa in platelet-monocyte and platelet-neutrophil conjugate formation in whole blood. Platelets 2009; 9:245-50. [PMID: 16793711 DOI: 10.1080/09537109876780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Platelets in stirred whole blood can be induced to form aggregates and also to form heterotypic platelet-monocyte (P/M) and platelet-neutrophil (P/N) conjugates. Here we have investigated the effects of three GPIIb-IIIa antagonists (GR144053F, MK-852 and Reopro, a CD62P-blocking antibody, GA6, and EDTA on the conjugate formation that occurs on stirring whole blood and in response to adding ADP and PAF. We have confirmed the identities of the conjugates by light microscopy after cell sorting. Platelet aggregation was measured by platelet counting. Monocytes, neutrophils, P/M and P/N were detected and quantitated using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Stirring whole blood resulted in both platelet aggregation and formation of P/M but not P/N. Adding ADP or PAF to whole blood caused rapid platelet aggregation and generation of both P/M and P/N. All of the GPIIb-IIIa antagonists studied had similar effects: inhibition of stirring-induced platelet aggregation and P/M formation, and inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation and P/N formation. In contrast, they accelerated ADP induced-P/M conjugate formation and PAF-induced formation of both P/M and P/N. Both EDTA and GA6 completely inhibited P/M and P/N, which is commensurate with CD62P being involved in platelet-leucocyte conjugate formation. The results of these investigations suggest that GPIIb-IIIa has a dual role in determining the interaction between platelets and leukocytes.
Collapse
|
22
|
McCaslin J, Ashour H, Bhattacharya V, Cleanthis M, Daly A, Stansby G. Increased Platelet-monocyte Aggregation in Male Claudicants with the PlA1/A2 Polymorphism of Gp IIb/IIIa. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2008; 36:132-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2008.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
23
|
Bihari P, Fent J, Hamar J, Fűrész J, Lakatos S. An easy-to-use practical method to measure coincidence in the flow cytometer—The case of platelet–granulocyte complex determination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 70:1080-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
24
|
Ying SQ, Fang L, Xiang MX, Xu G, Shan J, Wang JA. Protective effects of magnesium against ischaemia-reperfusion injury through inhibition of P-selectin in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 34:1234-9. [PMID: 17973860 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
1. The leucocyte-mediated inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in ischaemia-reperfusion injury. P-Selectin and CD11b are important mediators for the recruitment of leucocytes into the endothelium. However, the time-course of changes in P-selectin and CD11b expression during reperfusion is not defined. Magnesium has been shown to have a protective role in reperfusion injury, but the mechanism of its action is not yet clear. 2. In the present study, 90 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups, namely a sham-operated group, an IR group (subjected to 45 min of coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion for up to 6 h) and an MgSO(4)-treated group, which received an infusion of MgSO(4) starting 30 min before occlusion and continuing until the onset of reperfusion. The expression of P-selectin on platelets and CD11b on leucocytes, endothelial P-selectin on cardiac microvessels and P-selectin mRNA in myocardial tissue were measured by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively, at different time points during reperfusion. The degree of myocardial necrosis and arrhythmia was assessed. 3. The present study shows that P-selectin expression on platelets and cardiac microvessels, P-selectin mRNA in myocardial tissue and CD11b expression on leucocytes in the IR group were significantly upregulated compared with the sham-operated group in a time-dependent manner during reperfusion. Treatment with MgSO(4) attenuated the upregulation of P-selectin expression, in addition to inhibiting myocardial necrosis and arrhythmia, but had no effect on CD11b expression on leucocytes. 4. These results suggest that the expression of P-selectin and CD11b is upregulated after reperfusion and magnesium pretreatment plays a cardioprotective role in ischaemia-reperfusion injury, possibly by inhibiting the upregulation of P-selectin expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qin Ying
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second University Hospital, School of Medicine, ZheJiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fent J, Bihari P, Furész J, Hamar J, Lakatos S. Impact of coincidence on granulocyte-platelet complex determination by flow cytometry is evaluated by a novel computer simulation model of coincidence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 70:1086-90. [PMID: 17825919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Revised: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell complexes composed of two different cells labeled with different fluorophores can be detected as double positive events in the flow cytometer. Double positivity can originate not only from real complexes but from non-interacting coinciding cells as well. Coincidence has a high impact on the determination of the amount of platelet-granulocyte complexes since platelet concentration is in the orders of magnitude higher than that of the granulocytes. A computer model has been developed to simulate coincidence in the flow cytometer to reveal the contribution of coincidence to the overestimation of the total amount of platelet-granulocyte complexes. Mixtures of non-interacting fluorescent beads as well as EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples were analyzed in the flow cytometer. An excellent fit was found between computer simulated and measured data pairs. Bead mixture in the flow cytometer and simulation of that resulted in 37.3+/-1.3 and 35.7+/-0.6% double positivity, respectively. 30.2+/-4.3% double positivity was measured for EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples while simulation of that resulted in 28.3+/-0.6%. Double positivity attributed to platelet-granulocyte complexes in slightly diluted blood samples might originate in coincidence and not from true complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- János Fent
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Institute of Military Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rajendran S, Chirkov YY, Horowitz JD. Potentiation of platelet responsiveness to nitric oxide by angiotensin-(1-7) is associated with suppression of superoxide release. Platelets 2007; 18:158-64. [PMID: 17365865 DOI: 10.1080/09537100600936158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently we showed that angiotensin (Ang) II potentiates platelet aggregation, while Ang-(1-7) potentiates the anti-aggregatory action of the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and may therefore counteract platelet NO resistance that accompanies cardiovascular disease and is associated with increased levels of superoxide (O(2)(-)). In the current study, we investigated whether the effect of Ang-(1-7) on platelet NO responsiveness is associated with the modulation of O(2)(-) release and is mediated by a specific Ang-(1-7) receptor. In whole blood, SNP (10 micromol/L) inhibited ADP (2.5 micromol/L)-induced platelet aggregation by 21 +/- 8% (p < 0.02), measured via extent of aggregation. Ang-(1-7) did not directly affect platelet aggregation, but potentiated the inhibitory action of SNP. This effect of Ang-(1-7) was bimodal, with maximal increase in SNP-induced inhibition of aggregation by incremental 18 +/- 2% (2-fold, on average; p<0.01) at 10-100 nmol/L Ang-(1-7) (Cmax), and was abolished at higher concentrations of Ang-(1-7). The Ang-(1-7) receptor antagonist D-ala7-Ang-(1-7) (1 micromol/L) completely eliminated the potentiating effects of Ang-(1-7). Platelet aggregation was accompanied by O(2)(-) release (assessed via lucigenin-derived chemiluminescence). SNP suppressed this O(2)(-) release, and Ang-(1-7) at Cmax augmented (by incremental 23 +/- 8%, p<0.03) the effect of SNP. In order to examine possible association of Ang-(1-7) receptor with platelets, we performed aggregation experiments in platelet-rich plasma. However, in these experiments Ang-(1-7) did not potentiate the anti-aggregatory action of SNP. Furthermore, in isolated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), a major cellular source of O(2)(-) in blood, Ang-(1-7) did not modify O(2)(-) release (after stimulation with fMLP, PMA or ADP), either in the absence or presence of SNP. Hence, Ang-(1-7) effects occurred only in whole blood. In conclusion, Ang-(1-7) potentiates the anti-aggregatory effects of NO donor, presumably via a specific Ang-(1-7) receptor. This potentiation is associated with the suppression of O(2)(-) release during aggregation and arises via an interaction between platelets and PMN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmalar Rajendran
- Cardiology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Michelson AD, Linden MD, Barnard MR, Furman MI, Frelinger A. Flow Cytometry. Platelets 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-012369367-9/50792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
|
28
|
Htun P, Fateh-Moghadam S, Tomandl B, Handschu R, Klinger K, Stellos K, Garlichs C, Daniel W, Gawaz M. Course of platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte interaction in cerebrovascular ischemia. Stroke 2006; 37:2283-7. [PMID: 16888273 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000236638.75591.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Platelet activation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of platelet activation and leukocyte-platelet interactions to the disease. METHODS One hundred thirty-five patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke were enrolled in this single-center study. They underwent cranial computer tomography within 24 hours of clinical onset and after 3 months, and systemic venous blood samples were drawn. Platelet activation (CD62P expression), leukocyte activation (L-selectin expression), and the appearance of platelet-specific antigens on leukocytes as an index of platelet-leukocyte aggregation were measured by flow cytometric techniques in the acute state and at 3-month follow-up. RESULTS Patients with a completed stroke or TIA had significantly increased circulating platelet-leukocyte aggregates, increased P-selectin expression on platelets, and decreased L-selectin expression in the acute state compared with the control group (healthy volunteers). No differences in regard to the tested activation markers could be detected between patients with stroke or TIA in the acute phase of the disease. However, platelet and leukocyte activations were normalized after 3 months in patients with TIA, whereas leukocyte activation (reduced L-selectin expression) remained in stroke patients. CONCLUSIONS In patients with TIA and completed stroke, platelet and leukocyte activation is substantially enhanced in the acute phase of the disease. The sustained leukocyte activation observed in stroke but not in TIA patients at 3-month follow up might play a pathophysiological role in the course of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Htun
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Nephrologie und Intensivmedizin, Charité-Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Barnard MR, Linden MD, Frelinger AL, Li Y, Fox ML, Furman MI, Michelson AD. Effects of platelet binding on whole blood flow cytometry assays of monocyte and neutrophil procoagulant activity. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3:2563-70. [PMID: 16241954 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocytes and neutrophils form heterotypic aggregates with platelets initially via engagement of platelet surface P-selectin with leukocyte surface P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1). The resultant intracellular signaling causes the leukocyte surface expression of tissue factor and activation of leukocyte surface Mac-1 (integrin alphaMbeta2, CD11b/CD18). The activation-dependent conformational change in monocyte surface Mac-1 results in the binding of coagulation factor Xa (FXa) and/or fibrinogen to Mac-1. The aim of this study was to develop whole blood flow cytometry assays of these procoagulant activities and to investigate the effects of platelet binding to monocytes and neutrophils. METHODS Citrate or D-Phe-Pro-Arg-chloromethylketone (PPACK) anticoagulated whole blood was incubated with monoclonal antibodies against CD14 (PECy5), CD42a (PE), FITC-conjugated test antibody and an agonist, and then fixed with FACS lyse. Appropriate isotype negative controls were prepared in parallel. A BD FACSCalibur was used to analyze monocytes and neutrophils, which were identified based on CD14 fluorescence, forward and 90 degrees light scatter. These populations were further gated into CD42a-positive (platelet-bound) and CD42a-negative (platelet-free). Geometric mean fluorescence and per cent positive data were collected for each subpopulation to measure the binding of test antibodies directed at CD42a, tissue factor, coagulation FXa, bound fibrinogen, activated Mac-1, and CD11b. Compensation controls were prepared on six normal donors prior to the study and these settings were used throughout the 10 donor study. Negative controls verified the lack of cross talk, particularly in the quantified FITC and PE parameters. RESULTS The physiologic agonists collagen and ADP increased monocyte-platelet and neutrophil-platelet aggregates and increased leukocyte surface Mac-1/CD11b and surface-bound tissue factor, FXa and fibrinogen. Whereas the increases in Mac-1/CD11b were mainly independent of leukocyte-platelet binding, the increases in surface-bound tissue factor, FXa and fibrinogen were mainly dependent on leukocyte-platelet binding. CONCLUSIONS (i) We have developed novel whole blood flow cytometry assays to measure bound tissue factor, coagulation FXa, fibrinogen, activated Mac-1 and CD11b on the surface of monocytes and neutrophils, allowing independent analysis of monocytes and neutrophils with and without surface-adherent platelets. (ii) The monocyte and neutrophil surface binding of tissue factor, FXa and fibrinogen is mainly dependent on platelet adherence to monocytes and neutrophils, whereas the monocyte and neutrophil surface expression of CD11b and activated Mac-1 is mainly independent of platelet adherence to monocytes and neutrophils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Barnard
- Center for Platelet Function Studies, University of Massachusettes Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mehta R, Petrova A. Intrapartum magnesium sulfate exposure attenuates neutrophil function in preterm neonates. Neonatology 2005; 89:99-103. [PMID: 16479090 DOI: 10.1159/000088560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2005] [Accepted: 07/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to magnesium sulfate, a drug that is frequently used for attempted tocolysis in preterm labor, could alter neutrophil functional activity in infants born preterm. OBJECTIVES To determine the association between maternal tocolysis with magnesium sulfate and the cord blood neutrophil functional activity of preterm neonates. METHODS The chemotaxis, random motility, and chemiluminescence of neutrophils were compared in the cord blood of 10 preterm neonates born to mothers tocolysed with magnesium sulfate, 10 preterm infants whose mothers had not received any tocolysis, and 10 term infants. Data regarding the maternal and neonatal magnesium and calcium levels were collected and analyzed in association with the cord blood neutrophil functional activity of the preterm infants. RESULTS Neutrophil functional activity in the cord blood of the preterm neonates was significantly lower than in term neonates. However, the alteration of neutrophil chemotaxis, random motility and chemiluminescence was more noticeable in neonates with intrapartum exposure to magnesium sulfate as compared to preterm infants whose mothers received no tocolysis (30.9 +/- 2.3 vs. 36.7 +/- 2.7 microm, p < 0.01; 26.6 +/- 1.9 vs. 33.1 +/- 3.1 microm, p < 0.01; and 74.3 +/- 6.5 vs. 89.9 +/- 6.25 x 10(3) counts per min (cpm), p < 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, the reduction in neutrophil functional activity of preterm infants with intrapartum exposure to magnesium was directly correlated with the maternal serum magnesium levels (r = -0.90 to -0.85, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION In infants born preterm, intrapartum exposure to magnesium sulfate is a risk factor contributing to the alteration in neutrophil motility and post-phagocytic bactericidal capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Mehta
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) complications, associated with space flight (SF), are caused by microgravity, hypokinesia and radiation, particularly beyond earth orbit, with all three conducive to oxidative stress. Except for emergencies, pharmaceuticals appear to be contraindicated, because of unpredictable side effects from malabsorption (M) and potential hepatic and renal impairment. Magnesium (Mg) depletion and elevations of cytokines (interleukin 6) occur during SF, conducive to self-sustaining vascular inflammation mechanisms. There are potential endothelial injuries (EI) and reduced Cyclic GMP (a second messenger of nitric oxide: NO) and elevated urinary excretion of C-peptide (insulin resistance: IR). Recent findings that show reductions in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) suggest that this may result from SF-related thrombocytopenia since platelets (P) are the major source of VEGF, and that NO might play a role. Both VEGF and Mg are vital for angiogenesis, endothelial function and reendothelialization. Insulin is necessary for VEGF expression. To prevent SF-related CV complications in the presence of IR and M and with the potential for renal insufficiency, closely monitored subcutaneous (SC) Mg should be provided. The dosage can be monitored by sublingual intracellular Mg assays. Needed is development of a SC Mg reservoir device, which can be replenished before extra-vehicular activities (EVA) and which must be reliable despite vigorous movements during EVA, that can last up to 8 hours. This could also be protective against decompression sickness and EVA-related 100% oxygen requirements before and during this activity, both of which predispost to EI.
Collapse
|
32
|
Tuttle HA, Davis-Gorman G, Goldman S, Copeland JG, McDonagh PF. Platelet-neutrophil conjugate formation is increased in diabetic women with cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2003; 2:12. [PMID: 14609437 PMCID: PMC270088 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-2-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2003] [Accepted: 10/04/2003] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background More than seventeen million Americans are afflicted with diabetes and these people have four times the rate of coronary heart disease (CHD) as non-diabetics. Furthermore, diabetic women have a 3.8 fold greater risk for CHD compared to diabetic men. Little is known why diabetic women are at an increased risk for CHD. It is possible that diabetic women with cardiovascular disease (CVD) have a greater inflammatory response resulting in an increased platelet neutrophil conjugate formation than diabetic men with CVD or non-diabetic women with CVD. This study tested the hypothesis that platelet-neutrophil conjugates, which are associated with several cardiovascular diseases, are increased in diabetic women with CVD compared to diabetic men with CVD and non-diabetic women with CVD. Methods Platelet-neutrophil conjugates were quantified by flow cytometry. The primary method is through direct binding of the neutrophil PSGL-1 receptor with P-selectin expressed on the platelet. Results In this study, we found when the blood was stimulated with PAF (platelet activating factor), diabetic women without CVD demonstrated an increase in platelet-neutrophil conjugates compared to diabetic women with CVD and non-diabetic women with CVD (% conjugates: 63.3 ± 5.2 vs 46.8 ± 4.3 vs 48.6 ± 3.4, p < 0.05). The stimulation ratio was significantly increased in diabetic and non-diabetic women with CVD in comparison to diabetic men with CVD (ratio: 3.3 ± 0.4 vs 3.3 ± 0.3 vs 2.1 ± 0.3, p < 0.05). Conclusion These results suggest that platelets and neutrophils in diabetic women have a greater potential for activation compared to diabetic men and may contribute to thrombosis/inflammation and the greater severity of coronary heart disease observed in diabetic women as compared to diabetic men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hillary A Tuttle
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery and The Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Grace Davis-Gorman
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery and The Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Steven Goldman
- Department of Cardiology, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ 85723, USA
| | - Jack G Copeland
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery and The Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Paul F McDonagh
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery and The Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Hypomagnesemia is common in hospitalized patients, especially in elderly patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and/or those with chronic heart failure. Hypomagnesemia is associated with increased all cause mortality and mortality from CAD. Magnesium supplementation improves myocardial metabolism, inhibits calcium accumulation and myocardial cell death; it improves vascular tone, peripheral vascular resistance, afterload and cardiac output, reduces cardiac arrhythmias and improves lipid metabolism. Magnesium also reduces vulnerability to oxygen-derived free radicals, improves endothelial function and inhibits platelet function, including platelet aggregation and adhesion, which potentially confers upon magnesium physiologic and natural effects similar to adenosine-diphosphate inhibitors such as clopidogrel. However, data regarding the use of magnesium in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are conflicting. Although some previous relatively small randomized clinical trials demonstrated a remarkable reduction in mortality when intravenous magnesium was administered to relatively high risk AMI patients, two recently published large-scale randomized clinical trials (the Fourth International Study of Infarct Survival [ISIS 4] and Magnesium in Coronaries [MAGIC]) were unable to demonstrate any advantage of intravenous magnesium over placebo. Nevertheless, the theoretical benefits of magnesium supplementation as a cardio-protective agent in CAD patients, promising results from animal and human studies, its relatively low-cost and ease of handling requiring no special expertise, together with its excellent tolerability, gives magnesium a place in treating CAD patients, especially in those at high risk, such as CAD patients with heart failure, the elderly and hospitalized patients with hypomagnesemia. Furthermore, magnesium therapy is indicated in life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias such as torsades de pointes and intractable ventricular tachycardia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shechter
- Heart Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhao L, Bath P, Heptinstall S. Effects of combining three different antiplatelet agents on platelets and leukocytes in whole blood in vitro. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 134:353-8. [PMID: 11564653 PMCID: PMC1572950 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2001] [Revised: 05/14/2001] [Accepted: 06/22/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Antiplatelet drugs have been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of recurrent events in patients with symptomatic vascular disease. However, there is no experimental data indicating the effects of these agents when given together on platelets and leukocytes. We investigated the ability of aspirin (an inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase), dipyridamole (an inhibitor of phospodiesterases and adenosine uptake) and AR-C69931 (a direct acting P(2T) antagonist with effects similar to those of clopidogrel which can be used in vitro) when used alone or in combination to inhibit platelet and leukocyte function. 2. Measurements of platelet and leukocyte function were performed in blood taken from normal volunteers, and the inhibitory effects of aspirin (100 micromol l(-1)), dipyridamole (10 micromol l(-1)) and AR-C66931 (100 nmol l(-1)) were determined. Platelet aggregation was induced by stirring blood with and without adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or platelet activating factor (PAF) and measured by platelet counting. Platelet P-selectin expression, platelet-leukocyte conjugate formation, and leukocyte activation were determined by flow cytometry. 3. Dipyridamole, AR-C69931, dipyridamole and AR-C69931, dipyridamole and aspirin, AR-C69931 and aspirin, and all three agents together inhibited platelet aggregation induced by stirring, ADP and PAF (P<0.01). However, it was only the combination of all three agents inhibited P-selectin expression (P<0.01). Similarly, it was the combination of all three antiplatelet agents that most consistently inhibited platelet-monocyte and platelet-neutrophil conjugate formation and monocyte and neutrophil activation. 4. Since both platelets and leukocytes are thought to contribute to arterial thrombosis and atherosclerosis, it is possible that combinations of different antiplatelet agents with different mechanisms of action may afford better protection than individual or pairs of agents used on their own.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhao
- Centre for Vascular Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB
| | - Philip Bath
- Centre for Vascular Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB
| | - Stan Heptinstall
- Centre for Vascular Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cummings CC, McKenzie ME, Horowitz ED, Oshrine BR, Callahan KP, Gurbel PA, Serebruany VL. Platelet function and total length of intracoronary stents: is there a correlation? Thromb Res 2001; 101:105-7. [PMID: 11392314 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(00)00372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
36
|
Grether JK, Hoogstrate J, Walsh-Greene E, Nelson KB. Magnesium sulfate for tocolysis and risk of spastic cerebral palsy in premature children born to women without preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 183:717-25. [PMID: 10992199 DOI: 10.1067/mob.2000.106581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to examine magnesium sulfate tocolysis and cerebral palsy in infants born prematurely to women without preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a retrospective case-control study of infants with birth weights <1500 g and of infants with birth weights from 1500 to 1999 g who were born at <33 weeks' gestation. The study infants were born in level 2 or level 3 hospitals from 1988 through 1994 to women without preeclampsia, were delivered >3 hours after admission, and had survived to age 2 years. RESULTS Among 170 children with cerebral palsy and 288 control subjects, similar proportions of case mothers (58%) and control mothers (62%) had received magnesium sulfate tocolysis. In women with some tocolytic treatment, these proportions were 78% and 76%, respectively. The duration of treatment with magnesium was comparable for case and control women, as were the intervals from beginning and termination of treatment to delivery. Adjustment for gestational age, birth weight, and other variables did not alter this result. CONCLUSION Magnesium exposure was not associated with a lower risk of cerebral palsy in infants born prematurely to women without preeclampsia. The difference between this finding and that in our previous study showing an apparent neuroprotective effect of magnesium is not explained by the more restrictive selection criteria used here and may be related to a number of changes in medical practice between the 2 periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J K Grether
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation/California Department of Health Services, California Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Auckland, CA 94606, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shechter M, Merz CN, Rude RK, Paul Labrador MJ, Meisel SR, Shah PK, Kaul S. Low intracellular magnesium levels promote platelet-dependent thrombosis in patients with coronary artery disease. Am Heart J 2000; 140:212-8. [PMID: 10925332 DOI: 10.1067/mhj.2000.107553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although reduced intracellular levels of magnesium have been described in patients with acute myocardial infarction, its significance as a regulator of thrombosis remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS To determine whether reduced intracellular levels of magnesium enhance platelet-dependent thrombosis, we evaluated 42 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) by exposing porcine aortic media to their flowing unanticoagulated venous blood for 5 minutes by using an ex vivo perfusion (Badimon) chamber. Baseline analysis demonstrated significant associations between intracellular levels of magnesium, platelet-dependent thrombosis (P =.02), and platelet P-selectin (CD62P) expression (P <.05). Patients were divided into 2 groups: below (n = 22) and above (n = 20) the median intracellular levels of magnesium (1.12 microg/mg protein). There were no significant differences in age, body mass index, serum lipids, fibrinogen, platelet count, or serum magnesium levels between the two groups. Platelet-dependent thrombosis was significantly higher in patients with intracellular levels of magnesium below compared with above median (150 +/- 128 vs 45 +/- 28 microm(2)/mm, P <.004). Neither platelet aggregation nor CD62P expression was significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Platelet-dependent thrombosis was significantly increased in patients with stable CAD with low intracellular levels of magnesium, suggesting a potential role for magnesium supplementation in CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Shechter
- Preventive and Rehabilitative Cardiac Center and the Atherosclerosis Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Burns and Allen Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Michelson AD, Barnard MR, Krueger LA, Frelinger AL, Furman MI. Evaluation of platelet function by flow cytometry. Methods 2000; 21:259-70. [PMID: 10873480 DOI: 10.1006/meth.2000.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet function in whole blood can be comprehensively evaluated by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry can be used to measure platelet reactivity, circulating activated platelets, platelet-platelet aggregates, leukocyte-platelet aggregates, procoagulant platelet-derived microparticles, and calcium flux. Clinical applications of whole blood flow cytometric assays of platelet function in disease states (e.g., acute coronary syndromes, angioplasty, and stroke) may include identification of patients who would benefit from additional antiplatelet therapy and prediction of ischemic events. Circulating monocyte-platelet aggregates appear to be a more sensitive marker of in vivo platelet activation than circulating P-selectin-positive platelets. Flow cytometry can also be used in the following clinical settings: monitoring of GPIIb-IIIa antagonist therapy, diagnosis of inherited deficiencies of platelet surface glycoproteins, diagnosis of storage pool disease, diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and measurement of the rate of thrombopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Michelson
- Center for Platelet Function Studies, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Whole blood flow cytometry is a powerful new laboratory technique for assessment of platelet activation and function. Flow cytometry can be used to measure platelet hyperreactivity, circulating activated platelets, leukocyte-platelet aggregates, and procoagulant platelet-derived microparticles in a number of clinical settings, including acute coronary syndromes, angioplasty, cardiopulmonary bypass, acute cerebrovascular ischemia, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, and Alzheimer's disease. Clinical applications of whole blood flow cytometric assays of platelet function in these diseases may include identification of patients who would benefit from additional antiplatelet therapy and prediction of ischemic events. Circulating monocyte-platelet aggregates appear to be a more sensitive marker of in vivo platelet activation than circulating P-selectin-positive platelets. Flow cytometry can also be used in the following clinical settings: monitoring of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa antagonist therapy, diagnosis of inherited deficiencies of platelet surface glycoproteins, diagnosis of storage pool disease, diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and measurement of the rate of thrombopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Michelson
- Center for Platelet Function Studies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li N, Goodall AH, Hjemdahl P. Efficient flow cytometric assay for platelet-leukocyte aggregates in whole blood using fluorescence signal triggering. CYTOMETRY 1999; 35:154-61. [PMID: 10554171 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0320(19990201)35:2<154::aid-cyto7>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs) may be important in thrombotic and inflammatory disease states, but accurate assessment of PLA formation in vivo is hampered by the propensity for in vitro artefacts caused by sample manipulation. A whole blood flow cytometric assay for circulating PLAs, based on minimal sample manipulation, was thus developed. METHODS Citrated whole blood was labeled with a RPE-CD45 MAb (leukocyte marker) and an FITC-CD42a (GPIX) MAb (platelet marker). The latter was used to avoid possible influences of platelet glycoprotein proteolysis by neutrophil-derived proteases. The samples were mildly fixed with 0.5% formaldehyde saline. The cytometer was triggered by RPE-CD45 fluorescence. Leukocyte subpopulations were separated according to their typical light scattering and CD45 expression. RESULTS Minimal sample manipulation and mild sample fixation resulted in minor in vitro artefacts and good sample stability. Fluorescence triggering increased the efficiency of the flow cytometric analysis approximately 5-fold compared with triggering with light scatter, and allowed discrimination of leukocyte subpopulations. The majority of PLAs involved monocytes and neutrophils, rather than lymphocytes, both without and with in vitro stimulation by ADP or thrombin. A cocktail of blocking MAbs to CD62P, CD15, GPIIb/IIIa and the CD11b/CD18 complex had no effect on unstimulated samples, whilst totally inhibiting aggregation induced by 10(-5) M ADP, suggesting that the PLAs in unstimulated blood were preformed in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This whole blood flow cytometric assay for PLAs is simple and efficient, and appears to reflect closely platelet-leukocyte aggregates in circulating blood in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Konstantopoulos K, Neelamegham S, Burns AR, Hentzen E, Kansas GS, Snapp KR, Berg EL, Hellums JD, Smith CW, McIntire LV, Simon SI. Venous levels of shear support neutrophil-platelet adhesion and neutrophil aggregation in blood via P-selectin and beta2-integrin. Circulation 1998; 98:873-82. [PMID: 9738642 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.98.9.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After activation, platelets adhere to neutrophils via P-selectin and beta2-integrin. The molecular mechanisms and adhesion events in whole blood exposed to venous levels of hydrodynamic shear in the absence of exogenous activation remain unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Whole blood was sheared at approximately 100 s(-1). The kinetics of neutrophil-platelet adhesion and neutrophil aggregation were measured in real time by flow cytometry. P-selectin was upregulated to the platelet surface in response to shear and was the primary factor mediating neutrophil-platelet adhesion. The extent of neutrophil aggregation increased linearly with platelet adhesion to neutrophils. Blocking either P-selectin, its glycoprotein ligand PSGL-1, or both simultaneously by preincubation with a monoclonal antibody resulted in equivalent inhibition of neutrophil-platelet adhesion (approximately 30%) and neutrophil aggregation (approximately 70%). The residual amount of neutrophil adhesion was blocked with anti-CD11b/CD18. Treatment of blood with prostacyclin analogue ZK36374, which raises cAMP levels in platelets, blocked P-selectin upregulation and neutrophil aggregation to baseline. Complete abrogation of platelet-neutrophil adhesion required both ZK36374 and anti-CD18. Electron microscopic observations of fixed blood specimens revealed that platelets augmented neutrophil aggregation both by forming bridges between neutrophils and through contact-mediated activation. CONCLUSIONS The results are consistent with a model in which venous levels of shear support platelet adherence to neutrophils via P-selectin binding PSGL-1. This interaction alone is sufficient to mediate neutrophil aggregation. Abrogation of platelet adhesion and aggregation requires blocking Mac-1 in addition to PSGL-1 or P-selectin. The described mechanisms are likely of key importance in the pathogenesis and progression of thrombotic disorders that are exacerbated by leukocyte-platelet aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Konstantopoulos
- Cox Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Tex, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
AbstractThe acute coronary syndromes represent a continuum of myocardial ischemia ranging from angina, reversible tissue injury → unstable angina, frequently associated with minor myocardial damage → myocardial infarction and extensive tissue necrosis. Historically, coronary artery disease assessment has been mainly binary, using WHO criteria of symptoms, electrocardiography, and biochemical markers. The creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) has been a benchmark for markers, but it is not specific for myocardium. Cardiac-specific isoforms of troponin T and I have emerged as sensitive myocardial infarction (MI) indicators and, importantly, for risk stratification of acute coronary syndrome patients. In addition to markers of myocardial cell necrosis, markers of plaque disruption (C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A), “angry” platelets (P-selectin), ischemia (glycogen phosphorylase-BB isoenzyme), and the procoagulant state and thrombosis (soluble fibrin) have potential use. Also, CK-MB and myoglobin have been combined with clinical indicators for monitoring reperfusion after thrombolytic therapy. Biochemical markers will continue to be an important clinical adjunct for MI diagnosis, risk assessment, and reperfusion monitoring in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Christenson
- Departments of Pathology and
- Medical and Research Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Hassan M E Azzazy
- Medical and Research Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jenkins DJ, Kendall CWC, Ransom TP. Dietary fiber, the evolution of the human diet and coronary heart disease. Nutr Res 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(98)00050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
44
|
Broberg M, Nygren H. Platelet interaction with surface-immobilized IgG induces the secretion of surface bound microparticles and fragmentation of the cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7765(98)00011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
45
|
Gawaz M, Neumann FJ, Dickfeld T, Reininger A, Adelsberger H, Gebhardt A, Schömig A. Vitronectin receptor (alpha(v)beta3) mediates platelet adhesion to the luminal aspect of endothelial cells: implications for reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1997; 96:1809-18. [PMID: 9323066 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.96.6.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet interaction with endothelium plays an important role in the pathophysiology of coronary microcirculation. We assessed the role of the vitronectin receptor (integrin alpha(v)beta3) in platelet/endothelium adhesion. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the effect on platelet/endothelium adhesion of plasma obtained from patients with acute myocardial infarction during reperfusion (before and 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours and 5 to 7 days after direct angioplasty) and with pretreatment with alpha-thrombin (2 U/mL) and recombinant human interleukin-1beta. Platelet/endothelium adhesion was significantly enhanced by approximately 20% after pretreatment of endothelium with patient plasma for 4 hours (P<.05) compared with endothelium treated with pooled control plasma. Plasma-induced platelet/endothelium adhesion was, in part, RGD peptide dependent. Pretreatment of endothelial cells with alpha-thrombin or recombinant human interleukin-1beta enhanced platelet/endothelium adhesion and surface expression of alpha(v)beta3 on the luminal aspect of endothelium (P<.05). The adhesion of platelets, isolated platelet microparticles, and Chinese hamster ovary cells bearing human recombinant alpha(IIb)beta3 (platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa) to activated endothelial cells was inhibited by antiadhesive peptides GRGDSP and c(RGDfV) and monoclonal antibodies 4F10, LM609, and 7E3. CONCLUSIONS The expression of vitronectin receptor exposed on the luminal aspect of activated endothelium is enhanced and mediates platelet/endothelium adhesion. Vitronectin receptor-mediated platelet attachment to activated endothelium during reperfusion may contribute to reperfusion injury and could be a target for antiadhesive therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Gawaz
- 1. Medizinische Klinik der Technischen Universität München, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|