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Anupriwan A, Schenk M, Kongmanas K, Vanichviriyakit R, Santos DC, Yaghoubian A, Liu F, Wu A, Berger T, Faull KF, Saitongdee P, Sretarugsa P, Tanphaichitr N. Presence of arylsulfatase A and sulfogalactosylglycerolipid in mouse ovaries: localization to the corpus luteum. Endocrinology 2008; 149:3942-51. [PMID: 18420734 PMCID: PMC2488217 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Arylsulfatase A (AS-A) is a lysosomal enzyme, which catalyzes the desulfation of certain sulfogalactolipids, including sulfogalactosylglycerolipid (SGG), a molecule implicated in cell adhesion. In this report, immunocytochemistry revealed the selective presence of AS-A in the corpus luteum of mouse ovaries. Immunoblotting indicated that mouse corpus luteum AS-A had a molecular mass of 66 kDa, similar to AS-A of other tissues. Corpus luteum AS-A was active, capable of desulfating the artificial substrate, p-nitrocatechol sulfate, at the optimum pH of five. To understand further the role of AS-A in female reproduction, levels of AS-A were determined during corpus luteum development in pseudopregnant mice and during luteolysis after cessation of pseudopregnancy. Immunocytochemistry, immunoblotting and desulfation activity showed that AS-A expression was evident at the onset of pseudopregnancy in the newly formed corpora lutea, and its level increased steadily during gland development. The increase in the expression and activity of AS-A continued throughout luteolysis after the decrease in serum progesterone levels. We also observed the selective presence of SGG on the luteal cell surface in developed corpora lutea, as shown by immunofluorescence of mouse ovary sections as well as high-performance thin-layer chromatography of lipids isolated from mouse and pig corpora lutea. The identity of the "SGG" band on the thin layer silica plate was further validated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Significantly, SGG disappeared in regressing corpora lutea. Therefore, lysosomal AS-A may be involved in cell-surface remodeling during luteolysis by desulfating SGG after its endocytosis and targeting to the lysosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araya Anupriwan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Steinhour E, Sherwani SI, Mazerik JN, Ciapala V, Butler EO, Cruff JP, Magalang U, Parthasarathy S, Sen CK, Marsh CB, Kuppusamy P, Parinandi NL. Redox-active antioxidant modulation of lipid signaling in vascular endothelial cells: vitamin C induces activation of phospholipase D through phospholipase A2, lipoxygenase, and cyclooxygenase. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 315:97-112. [PMID: 18496733 PMCID: PMC5067108 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We have earlier reported that the redox-active antioxidant, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), activates the lipid signaling enzyme, phospholipase D (PLD), at pharmacological doses (mM) in the bovine lung microvascular endothelial cells (BLMVECs). However, the activation of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)), another signaling phospholipase, and the modulation of PLD activation by PLA(2) in the ECs treated with vitamin C at pharmacological doses have not been reported to date. Therefore, this study aimed at the regulation of PLD activation by PLA(2) in the cultured BLMVECs exposed to vitamin C at pharmacological concentrations. The results revealed that vitamin C (3-10 mM) significantly activated PLA(2) starting at 30 min; however, the activation of PLD resulted only at 120 min of treatment of cells under identical conditions. Further studies were conducted utilizing specific pharmacological agents to understand the mechanism(s) of activation of PLA(2) and PLD in BLMVECs treated with vitamin C (5 mM) for 120 min. Antioxidants, calcium chelators, iron chelators, and PLA(2) inhibitors offered attenuation of the vitamin C-induced activation of both PLA(2) and PLD in the cells. Vitamin C was also observed to significantly induce the formation and release of the cyclooxygenase (COX)- and lipoxygenase (LOX)-catalyzed arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites and to activate the AA LOX in BLMVECs. The inhibitors of PLA(2), COX, and LOX were observed to effectively and significantly attenuate the vitamin C-induced PLD activation in BLMVECs. For the first time, the results of the present study revealed that the vitamin C-induced activation of PLD in vascular ECs was regulated by the upstream activation of PLA(2), COX, and LOX through the formation of AA metabolites involving oxidative stress, calcium, and iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Steinhour
- Lipid Signaling and Lipidomics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shariq I. Sherwani
- Lipid Signaling and Lipidomics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica N. Mazerik
- Lipid Signaling and Lipidomics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Valorie Ciapala
- Lipid Signaling and Lipidomics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth O’Connor Butler
- Lipid Signaling and Lipidomics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jason P. Cruff
- Lipid Signaling and Lipidomics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ulysses Magalang
- Lipid Signaling and Lipidomics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sampath Parthasarathy
- Lipid Signaling and Lipidomics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- Lipid Signaling and Lipidomics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Clay B. Marsh
- Lipid Signaling and Lipidomics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Periannan Kuppusamy
- Lipid Signaling and Lipidomics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Narasimham L. Parinandi
- Lipid Signaling and Lipidomics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, 473 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Abstract
The corpus luteum (CL) is one of the few endocrine glands that forms from the remains of another organ and whose function and survival are limited in scope and time. The CL is the site of rapid remodeling, growth, differentiation, and death of cells originating from granulosa, theca, capillaries, and fibroblasts. The apparent raison d'etre of the CL is the production of progesterone, and all the structural and functional features of this gland are geared toward this end. Because of its unique importance for successful pregnancies, the mammals have evolved a complex series of checks and balances that maintains progesterone at appropriate levels throughout gestation. The formation, maintenance, regression, and steroidogenesis of the CL are among the most significant and closely regulated events in mammalian reproduction. During pregnancy, the fate of the CL depends on the interplay of ovarian, pituitary, and placental regulators. At the end of its life span, the CL undergoes a process of regression leading to its disappearance from the ovary and allowing the initiation of a new cycle. The generation of transgenic, knockout and knockin mice and the development of innovative technologies have revealed a novel role of several molecules in the reprogramming of granulosa cells into luteal cells and in the hormonal and molecular control of the function and demise of the CL. The current review highlights our knowledge on these key molecular events in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Stocco
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Sen A, Browning J, Inskeep EK, Lewis P, Flores JA. Expression and Activation of Protein Kinase C Isozymes by Prostaglandin F2α in the Early- and Mid-Luteal Phase Bovine Corpus Luteum1. Biol Reprod 2004; 70:379-84. [PMID: 14522831 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.103.020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Western blotting was used to identify the array of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes expressed in the early (Day 4) and midcycle (Day 10) bovine corpus luteum (CL). PCKalpha, betaI, betaII, epsilon, and micro isozymes were detected in total protein samples prepared from both Day-4 and Day-10 corpora lutea. In contrast, specific antibodies for PKCgamma, eta, lambda, and theta isozymes failed to detect protein bands in the luteal samples. PKCbetaII and epsilon isozymes were expressed differentially at these two developmental stages of the bovine CL. In the Day-4 luteal samples, PKCepsilon was barely detectable; in contrast, in the Day-10 samples, the actin-corrected ratio for PKCepsilon was 1.16 +/- 0.13. This ratio was higher than the detected ratio for PKCbetaI and micro at this developmental phase of the CL (P < 0.01), but it was comparable with the ratio detected for the PCKalpha and betaII. The amount of PKCbetaII was, although not as dramatic, also greater in the Day-10 CL (actin-corrected ratio was 0.85 +/- 0.2) than in the Day-4 CL (0.35 +/- 0.09 [P < 0.01]). The actin-corrected ratios for all other PKC isozymes, alpha (Day 4 = 0.93 +/- 0.16, Day 10 = 0.97 +/- 0.09), betaI (Day 4 = 0.54 +/- 0.073, Day 10 = 0.48 +/- 0.74), and micro (Day 4 = 0.21 +/- 0.042, Day 10 = 0.21 +/- 0.38) were not different at these 2 days of the cycle. An experiment was designed to test whether activation of specific isozymes differed between CL that do or do not regress in response to PGF(2alpha). Bovine CL from Day 4 and Day 10 of the estrous cycle were collected and 1 mm CL fragments were treated in vitro for 0, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 min with PGF(2alpha) (0.1, 1.0, and 10 nM) or minimal essential medium-Hepes vehicle. Translocation of PKC from cytoplasm to membrane fraction was used as indication of PKC activation by PGF(2alpha). Evidence for PKC activation was observed in both Day-4 and Day-10 luteal samples treated with 10 nM PGF(2alpha). Therefore, if PKC, an intracellular mediator associated with the luteal PGF(2alpha) receptor, contributes to the lesser sensitivity of the Day-4 CL, it is likely due to the differential expression of the epsilon and betaII isozymes of PKC at this stage and not due to an inability of the PGF(2alpha) receptor to activate the isozymes expressed in the early CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritro Sen
- Department of Biology, Eberly College of Arts & Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
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Cao YZ, Weaver JA, Reddy CC, Sordillo LM. Selenium deficiency alters the formation of eicosanoids and signal transduction in rat lymphocytes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2002; 70:131-43. [PMID: 12428684 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-6980(02)00018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports have shown that selenium (Se) nutrition alters the lipoxygenase pathway and mitogenic responses in bovine lymphocytes. In order to further understand how Se may alter lymphocyte function, we examined the effects of Se nutrition on arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and phospholipase D (PLD) activation. Lymphocytes were isolated from the lymph nodes of rats fed either Se-deficient diet (-Se) or Se-supplemented diet (+Se) for 12 weeks. Our results revealed that calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated lymphocytes derived from -Se rats produced significantly less prostaglandins (PGs) than those obtained from +Se rats. Phospholipase D (PLD) activation by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was significantly lower in lymphocytes obtained from -Se rats when compared to cells from +Se rats. Furthermore, the addition of PGE2, PGD2 or PGF2alpha to suspended lymphocytes from -Se rats significantly enhanced PLD activity. The effects of TPA and PGE2 on PLD activation were additive. However, the addition of PGE2 abolished the significant difference in PLD activation between -Se and +Se cells observed in response to TPA alone. Based on these results, we postulate that dietary Se status plays an important role in the regulation of AA metabolism that subsequently affects PLD activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhang Cao
- Department of Veterinary Science, Center for Mastitis Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802-3500, USA
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Lukowski S, Lecomte MC, Mira JP, Marin P, Gautero H, Russo-Marie F, Geny B. Inhibition of phospholipase D activity by fodrin. An active role for the cytoskeleton. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:24164-71. [PMID: 8798657 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.39.24164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) is a major enzyme implicated in important cellular processes such as secretion and proliferation. The knowledge of its regulation is essential to understand the control of these phenomena. Several proteins activating PLD have been described in the last years. In this report, we chromatographed bovine brain cytosolic proteins to identify fodrin, the non-erythroid spectrin, as the first described inhibitor of PLD. A cytosolic fraction with an inhibitory effect on PLD activity loses its capacity after immunoprecipitation of fodrin. Moreover, at 1 nM, purified fodrin blocks fully and quickly PLD activity, whatever the stimuli used. In contrast, fodrin has no effect on adenylate cyclase activity. Fodrin-analogous proteins like dimeric or tetrameric erythroid spectrin have the same inhibitory effect on PLD, at higher concentrations. Other cytoskeletal proteins, actin and vimentin, are inefficient on PLD inhibition. The mechanisms implicated in PLD modulation such as post-translational modifications of fodrin and the role of small G-proteins on the cytoskeleton regulation are discussed. In conclusion, this study reveals that fodrin is involved in the control of PLD activity, suggesting that the cytoskeleton could have an active role in control of secretion and proliferation.
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