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Meena CL, Ingole S, Rajpoot S, Thakur A, Nandeker PP, Sangamwar AT, Sharma SS, Jain R. Discovery of a low affinity thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-like peptide that exhibits potent inhibition of scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. RSC Adv 2015; 5:56872-56884. [PMID: 26191403 PMCID: PMC4501038 DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06935a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TRH-like peptides were synthesized in which the critical N-terminus residue L-pGlu was replaced with various heteroaromatic rings, and the central residue histidine with 1-alkyl-L-histidines. All synthesized TRH-like peptides were evaluated in vitro as agonists in HEK mTRH-R1 and HEK mTRH-R2 cell lines, an expressing receptor binding assay (IC50), and cell signaling assay (EC50). The analeptic potential of the synthesized peptides was evaluated in vivo by using the antagonism of a pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. The peptides 6a, 6c and 6e were found to activate TRH-R2 with potencies (EC50) of 0.002 μM, 0.28 μM and 0.049 μM, respectively. In contrast, for signaling activation of TRH-R1, the same peptides required higher concentration of 0.414 μM, 50 μM and 19.1 μM, respectively in the FLIPR assay. The results showed that these peptides were 207, 178 and 389-fold selective towards TRH-R2 receptor subtype. In the antagonism of a pentobarbital-induced sleeping time assay, peptide 6c showed a 58.5% reduction in sleeping time. The peptide 6c exhibited high stability in rat blood plasma, a superior effect on the scopolamine-induced cognition impairment mice model, safe effects on the cardiovascular system, and general behavior using a functional observation battery (FOB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhuttan L. Meena
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Shubdha Ingole
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Satyendra Rajpoot
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Avinash Thakur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Prajwal P. Nandeker
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay T. Sangamwar
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Shyam S. Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
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Uchida S, Endo S, Akita K, Ohta T, Fukuda S. The cyanine Dye NK-4 improves scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 35:1831-5. [PMID: 23037173 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of NK-4, a kind of cyanine dye, on cholinergic memory deficits in mice. We examined whether NK-4 could reverse scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice since NK-4 displays a potent and selective inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vitro. Intraperitoneal administration of NK-4 significantly reversed scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in mice in the Y maze and the passive avoidance tests, and NK-4 also improved spatial learning ability in the Morris water maze test. Despite NK-4 displaying remarkable AChE inhibitory activity in vitro, we could not detect a significant reduction of AChE activity in brain homogenates of NK-4-treated mice. Although the mechanism through which NK-4 reverses cognitive impairments in scopolamine-treated mice remains unclear, these data suggest that NK-4 may have potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Uchida
- R&D Center, Hayashibara Co., Ltd., 675–1 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama 702–8006, Japan.
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Kornum BR, Knudsen GM. Cognitive testing of pigs (Sus scrofa) in translational biobehavioral research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011; 35:437-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Revised: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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A novel spatial Delayed Non-Match to Sample (DNMS) task in the Göttingen minipig. Behav Brain Res 2009; 196:93-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Revised: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Prokai L. Central nervous system effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its analogues: opportunities and perspectives for drug discovery and development. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2003; 59:133-69. [PMID: 12458966 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8171-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Besides its well-known endocrine role in the thyroid system, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (L-pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide) has been long recognized as a modulatory neuropeptide. After a brief overview of the extrahypothalamic and receptor distribution, and of the neurophysiological, neuropharmacological and neurochemical effects of this tripeptide, this review discusses efforts devoted to enhance therapeutically beneficial central nervous system effects via structural modifications of the endogenous peptide. An enormous array of maladies affecting the brain and the spinal cord has been a potential target for therapeutic interventions involving agents derived from thyrotropin-releasing hormone as a molecular lead. Successful development of several centrally active analogues and recent accounts of efforts aimed at improving metabolic stability, selectivity and bioavailability are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Prokai
- Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, and the McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32610-0497, USA
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Santucci AC, Perez S. Multiple injections of thyrotropin releasing hormone fail to reverse learning and memory deficits in rats with lesions of the nucleus basalis of meynert. Behav Brain Res 2002; 136:433-8. [PMID: 12429405 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4328(02)00195-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The learning and memory enhancing effects of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) was examined in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Adult rats were prepared with either sham surgeries or cholinergic lesions of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM). Subjects were injected (ip) with one of three doses of TRH (0, 5, 10 mg/kg) starting on the day of surgery and continuing once every other day for a total of four injections. Performance (four trials/day for 4 days, 30 m inter-trial interval) in a Morris water maze was assessed one week after the last TRH injection (i.e., 2 weeks postoperatively). Latency to find the hidden platform served as the dependent variable. Results indicated that damage to the nbM impaired task performance in that animals with nbM lesions generally required more time to find the platform and showed less trial-to-trial improvement. Treatment with TRH failed to reverse this lesion-induced deficit. These results suggest that multiple injections of TRH do not provide residual protection against the deleterious effects on learning and memory produced by cholinergic lesions of the basal forebrain. Other doses and administration parameters, however, need to be studied in order to determine the generalizability of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Santucci
- Deptartment of Psychology, Manhattanville College, 2900 Purchase Street, Purchase, NY 10577, USA.
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Ogasawara T, Itoh Y, Tamura M, Ukai Y, Yoshikuni Y, Kimura K. NS-3, a TRH-analog, reverses memory disruption by stimulating cholinergic and noradrenergic systems. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1996; 53:391-9. [PMID: 8808149 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(95)02039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a TRH-analog, N[[(3R,6R)-6-methyl-5-oxo-3-thiomorpholinyl]carbonyl]-L-histidyl-L - prolinamide tetrahydrate (NS-3, CG3703, montirelin hydrate) were compared with those of physostigmine on learning and memory disruption in the passive avoidance response (PAR) induced by either electrolytic lesion of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) or by treatment with the noradrenergic neurotoxin, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP4) in rats. a) In NBM-lesioned rats, both NS-3 and physostigmine significantly reversed disruption of memory consolidation examined 15 min after the training session when these drugs were injected IP immediately after the training session. In addition, reversal by NS-3 (0.1 mg/kg) of the disruption of memory was observed even in the retention test conducted 24 h after the training session. b) NS-3 (0.5 mg/kg) significantly reversed the disruption of memory retrieval, when the drug was administered 15 min before the test session. c) DSP4 (50 mg/kg IP) caused memory disruption when the retention tests were conducted between 1 and 48 h after the acquisition session. NS-3 (0.1 mg/kg), but not physostigmine, significantly reversed the disruption of memory induced by DSP4 treatment. These findings suggest that the consistent antiamnestic action of NS-3 is due to the enhancement of both central cholinergic and noradrenergic systems, possibly via facilitation of the release of these transmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ogasawara
- Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
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