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Sayed IM, Chakraborty A, Inouye K, Dugan L, Tocci S, Advani I, Park K, Hazra TK, Das S, Crotty Alexander LE. E-cigarettes increase the risk of adenoma formation in murine colorectal cancer model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.23.609469. [PMID: 39253444 PMCID: PMC11383026 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.23.609469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Background E-cigarettes (E.cigs) cause inflammation and damage to human organs, including the lungs and heart. In the gut, E.cig vaping promotes inflammation and gut leakiness. Further, E.cig vaping increases tumorigenesis in oral and lung epithelial cells by inducing mutations and suppressing host DNA repair enzymes. It is well known that cigarette (cig) smoking increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). To date, it is unknown whether E.cig vaping impacts CRC development. Methods A mouse model of human familial adenomatous polyposis (CPC-APC) was utilized wherein a mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, CDX2-Cre-APC Min/+ , leads to the development of colon adenomas within 16 weeks. Mice were exposed to air (controls), E.cig vaping, cig, or both (dual exposure). After 4 weeks of 2-hour exposures per day (1 hour of each for dual exposures), the colon was collected and assessed for polyp number and pathology scores by microscopy. Expression of inflammatory cytokines and cancer stem cell markers were quantified. DNA damage such as double-strand DNA breaks was evaluated by immunofluorescence, western blot and gene-specific long amplicon qPCR. DNA repair enzyme levels (NEIL-2, NEIL-1, NTH1, and OGG1) were quantified by western blot. Proliferation markers were assessed by RT-qPCR and ELISA. Results CPC-APC mice exposed to E.cig, cig, and dual exposure developed a higher number of polyps compared to controls. Inflammatory proteins, DNA damage, and cancer stemness markers were higher in E-cig, cig, and dual-exposed mice as well. DNA damage was found to be associated with the suppression of DNA glycosylases, particularly with NEIL-2 and NTH1. E.cig and dual exposure both stimulated cancer cell stem markers ( CD44, Lgr-5, DCLK1, and Ki67). The effect of E.cigs on polyp formation and CRC development was less than that of cigs, while dual exposure was more tumorigenic than either of the inhalants alone. Conclusion E.cig vaping promotes CRC by stimulating inflammatory pathways, mediating DNA damage, and upregulating transcription of cancer stem cell markers. Critically, combining E.cig vaping with cig smoking leads to higher levels of tumorigenesis. Thus, while the chemical composition of these two inhalants, E.cigs and cigs, is highly disparate, they both drive the development of cancer and when combined, a highly common pattern of use, they can have additive or synergistic effects.
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Aceto GM, Pagotto S, Del Pizzo FD, Saoca C, Selvaggi F, Visone R, Cotellese R, Aguennouz M, Lattanzio R, Catalano T. Differential Regulation of Wingless-Wnt/c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Crosstalk via Oxidative Eustress in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1816. [PMID: 39200280 PMCID: PMC11351841 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment (TME), ROS production affects survival, progression, and therapy resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). H2O2-mediated oxidative stress can modulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling and metabolic reprogramming of the TME. Currently, it is unclear how mild/moderate oxidative stress (eustress) modulates Wnt/β-catenin/APC and JNK signaling relationships in primary and metastatic CRC cells. In this study, we determined the effects of the H2O2 concentration inducing eustress on isogenic SW480 and SW620 cells, also in combination with JNK inhibition. We assessed cell viability, mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis, and Wnt/β-catenin/APC/JNK gene and protein expression. Primary CRC cells were more sensitive to H2O2 eustress combined with JNK inhibition, showing a reduction in viability compared to metastatic cells. JNK inhibition under eustress reduced both glycolytic and respiratory capacity in SW620 cells, indicating a greater capacity to adapt to TME. In primary CRC cells, H2O2 alone significantly increased APC, LEF1, LRP6, cMYC and IL8 gene expression, whereas in metastatic CRC cells, this effect occurred after JNK inhibition. In metastatic but not in primary tumor cells, eustress and inhibition of JNK reduced APC, β-catenin, and pJNK protein. The results showed differential cross-regulation of Wnt/JNK in primary and metastatic tumor cells under environmental eustress conditions. Further studies would be useful to validate these findings and explore their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitana Maria Aceto
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.P.); (R.V.); (R.C.)
| | - Sara Pagotto
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.P.); (R.V.); (R.C.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.D.P.); (R.L.)
| | - Francesco Domenico Del Pizzo
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.D.P.); (R.L.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Concetta Saoca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (M.A.); (T.C.)
| | - Federico Selvaggi
- Unit of General Surgery, Ospedale Clinicizzato SS Annunziata of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Rosa Visone
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.P.); (R.V.); (R.C.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.D.P.); (R.L.)
| | - Roberto Cotellese
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.P.); (R.V.); (R.C.)
- Villa Serena Foundation for Research, 65013 Città Sant’Angelo, Italy
| | - M’hammed Aguennouz
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (M.A.); (T.C.)
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.D.P.); (R.L.)
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Teresa Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (M.A.); (T.C.)
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Szuman M, Kaczmarek-Ryś M, Hryhorowicz S, Kryszczyńska A, Grot N, Pławski A. Low-Penetrance Susceptibility Variants in Colorectal Cancer-Current Outlook in the Field. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8338. [PMID: 39125905 PMCID: PMC11313073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent and mortality-causing neoplasia, with various distributions between populations. Strong hereditary predispositions are the causatives of a small percentage of CRC, and most cases have no transparent genetic background. This is a vast arena for exploring cancer low-susceptibility genetic variants. Nonetheless, the research that has been conducted to date has failed to deliver consistent conclusions and often features conflicting messages, causing chaos in this field. Therefore, we decided to organize the existing knowledge on this topic. We screened the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. We drew up markers by gene locus gathered by hallmark: oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, genes involved in DNA damage repair, genes involved in metabolic pathways, genes involved in methylation, genes that modify the colonic microenvironment, and genes involved in the immune response. Low-penetration genetic variants increasing the risk of cancer are often population-specific, hence the urgent need for large-scale testing. Such endeavors can be successful only when financial decision-makers are united with social educators, medical specialists, genetic consultants, and the scientific community. Countries' policies should prioritize research on this subject regardless of cost because it is the best investment. In this review, we listed potential low-penetrance CRC susceptibility alleles whose role remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Szuman
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.-R.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Marta Kaczmarek-Ryś
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.-R.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
- University Clinical Hospital, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Szymon Hryhorowicz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.-R.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Alicja Kryszczyńska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.-R.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Natalia Grot
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.-R.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Andrzej Pławski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.-R.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery and Gastroenterological Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
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Büki G, Antal G, Bene J. Rare Germline Variants in the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Gene Associated with Dental and Osseous Anomalies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8189. [PMID: 39125758 PMCID: PMC11312143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
APC is a tumor suppressor gene that exerts its effect through the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Loss of function mutations of the gene are associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Early diagnosis in FAP patients is essential to prevent the development of colorectal cancer. Extraintestinal manifestations often precede the formation of the polyposis; therefore, these manifestations may serve as a clinical indicator for the condition. The aim of this study was to assess genotype-phenotype associations between the location of APC mutations and various extraintestinal features, mainly focusing on osseous and dental anomalies. Analyses of our cases and the mutations available in the literature with these manifestations revealed that mutations in the N-terminal region (amino acids 1-~1000) of the protein are more frequently associated with only osseous anomalies, whereas dental manifestations are more prevalent in mutations in the middle region (amino acids 1000-~2100). In addition, supernumerary teeth were found to be the most common dental feature. Since dental abnormalities often precede intestinal polyposis, dentists have a crucial role in the early identification of patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Büki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Gréta Antal
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Judit Bene
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
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de Pellegars-Malhortie A, Picque Lasorsa L, Mazard T, Granier F, Prévostel C. Why Is Wnt/β-Catenin Not Yet Targeted in Routine Cancer Care? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:949. [PMID: 39065798 PMCID: PMC11279613 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in cancer prevention, screening, and treatment, the still limited number of therapeutic options is an obstacle towards increasing the cancer cure rate. In recent years, many efforts were put forth to develop therapeutics that selectively target different components of the oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These include small molecule inhibitors, antibodies, and more recently, gene-based approaches. Although some of them showed promising outcomes in clinical trials, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is still not targeted in routine clinical practice for cancer management. As for most anticancer treatments, a critical limitation to the use of Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors is their therapeutic index, i.e., the difficulty of combining effective anticancer activity with acceptable toxicity. Protecting healthy tissues from the effects of Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors is a major issue due to the vital role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in adult tissue homeostasis and regeneration. In this review, we provide an up-to-date summary of clinical trials on Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitors, examine their anti-tumor activity and associated adverse events, and explore strategies under development to improve the benefit/risk profile of this therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auriane de Pellegars-Malhortie
- IRCM (Montpellier Cancer Research Institute), University of Montpellier, Inserm, ICM (Montpellier Regional Cancer Institute), 34298 Montpellier, CEDEX 5, France; (A.d.P.-M.); (L.P.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Laurence Picque Lasorsa
- IRCM (Montpellier Cancer Research Institute), University of Montpellier, Inserm, ICM (Montpellier Regional Cancer Institute), 34298 Montpellier, CEDEX 5, France; (A.d.P.-M.); (L.P.L.); (T.M.)
| | - Thibault Mazard
- IRCM (Montpellier Cancer Research Institute), University of Montpellier, Inserm, ICM (Montpellier Regional Cancer Institute), 34298 Montpellier, CEDEX 5, France; (A.d.P.-M.); (L.P.L.); (T.M.)
- Medical Oncology Department, ICM, University of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Corinne Prévostel
- IRCM (Montpellier Cancer Research Institute), University of Montpellier, Inserm, ICM (Montpellier Regional Cancer Institute), 34298 Montpellier, CEDEX 5, France; (A.d.P.-M.); (L.P.L.); (T.M.)
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6
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Oliero M, Alaoui AA, McCartney C, Santos MM. Colorectal cancer and inulin supplementation: the good, the bad, and the unhelpful. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2024; 12:goae058. [PMID: 38984069 PMCID: PMC11231048 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The prebiotic inulin has been vaunted for its potential to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Inulin fermentation resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids, primarily butyrate, has been reported to be associated with properties that are beneficial for gut health and has led to an increased consumption of inulin in the Western population through processed food and over-the-counter dietary supplements. However, in clinical trials, there is limited evidence of the efficacy of inulin in preventing colorectal cancer. Moreover, recent data suggest that improper inulin consumption may even be harmful for gastro-intestinal health under certain circumstances. The main objective of this review is to provide insight into the beneficial and potentially detrimental effects of inulin supplementation in the context of colorectal cancer prevention and enhancement of treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Oliero
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ahmed Amine Alaoui
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Claire McCartney
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Manuela M Santos
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Yin X, Richardson M, Laner A, Shi X, Ognedal E, Vasta V, Hansen TVO, Pineda M, Ritter D, den Dunnen JT, Hassanin E, Lyman Lin W, Borras E, Krahn K, Nordling M, Martins A, Mahmood K, Nadeau EAW, Beshay V, Tops C, Genuardi M, Pesaran T, Frayling IM, Capellá G, Latchford A, Tavtigian SV, Maj C, Plon SE, Greenblatt MS, Macrae FA, Spier I, Aretz S. Systematic large-scale application of ClinGen InSiGHT APC -specific ACMG/AMP variant classification criteria substantially alleviates the burden of variants of uncertain significance in ClinVar and LOVD databases. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.03.24306761. [PMID: 38746299 PMCID: PMC11092726 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.03.24306761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Pathogenic constitutional APC variants underlie familial adenomatous polyposis, the most common hereditary gastrointestinal polyposis syndrome. To improve variant classification and resolve the interpretative challenges of variants of uncertain significance (VUS), APC-specific ACMG/AMP variant classification criteria were developed by the ClinGen-InSiGHT Hereditary Colorectal Cancer/Polyposis Variant Curation Expert Panel (VCEP). Methods A streamlined algorithm using the APC -specific criteria was developed and applied to assess all APC variants in ClinVar and the InSiGHT international reference APC LOVD variant database. Results A total of 10,228 unique APC variants were analysed. Among the ClinVar and LOVD variants with an initial classification of (Likely) Benign or (Likely) Pathogenic, 94% and 96% remained in their original categories, respectively. In contrast, 41% ClinVar and 61% LOVD VUS were reclassified into clinically actionable classes, the vast majority as (Likely) Benign. The total number of VUS was reduced by 37%. In 21 out of 36 (58%) promising APC variants that remained VUS despite evidence for pathogenicity, a data mining-driven work-up allowed their reclassification as (Likely) Pathogenic. Conclusions The application of APC -specific criteria substantially reduced the number of VUS in ClinVar and LOVD. The study also demonstrated the feasibility of a systematic approach to variant classification in large datasets, which might serve as a generalisable model for other gene-/disease-specific variant interpretation initiatives. It also allowed for the prioritization of VUS that will benefit from in-depth evidence collection. This subset of APC variants was approved by the VCEP and made publicly available through ClinVar and LOVD for widespread clinical use.
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Li B, Chen Z, Wang G, Liu Y, Ning S. Synchronous Multiple Primary Malignant Adenocarcinoma of the Descending Colon and Fungating Bleeding Adenocarcinoma of the Terminal Ileum Presenting Massive Rectal Bleeding: A Trap for the Unwary. Onco Targets Ther 2024; 17:363-368. [PMID: 38711919 PMCID: PMC11073142 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s453682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary cancer of the ileum is rare, and when it occurs in conjunction with primary colon cancer, it becomes even more infrequent and challenging to diagnose prior to surgical intervention. Primary small bowel cancers can be overlooked and may be misidentified as small bowel mesenchymal tumours or advanced metastases from colon cancer. We present an exceedingly uncommon case of ruptured primary ileal cancer combined with primary descending colon cancer presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding. Based on our understanding, instances of dual tumours concurrently occurring are exceedingly infrequent. In this patient, there was a preoperative suspicion of bleeding from colon cancer in the descending region. However, intraoperative exploration revealed that the location of the bleeding was a terminal ileal mass. Following the surgical intervention, the patient recovered satisfactorily. Intraoperative exploration of the entire gastrointestinal tract is therefore necessary in patients with gastrointestinal haemorrhage, especially in those who require urgent surgery without adequate preoperative investigations. If a mass is detected at the end of the ileum, intraoperative pathology should be performed if feasible. Subsequently, if the diagnosis reveals an adenocarcinoma, terminal ileocolic resection and right hemicolectomy are necessary for appropriate resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baicheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shili Ning
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116023, People’s Republic of China
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Yuan Y, Wu D, Hou Y, Zhang Y, Tan C, Nie X, Zhao Z, Hou J. Wnt signaling: Modulating tumor-associated macrophages and related immunotherapeutic insights. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116154. [PMID: 38513742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathways are highly conserved cascades that mediate multiple biological processes through canonical or noncanonical pathways, from embryonic development to tissue maintenance, but they also contribute to the pathogenesis of numerous cancers. Recent studies have revealed that Wnt signaling pathways critically control the interplay between cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and potentially impact the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the evidence that Wnt signaling pathways boost the maturation and infiltration of macrophages for immune surveillance in the steady state but also polarize TAMs toward immunosuppressive M2-like phenotypes for immune escape in the TME. Both cancer cells and TAMs utilize Wnt signaling to transmit signals, and this interaction is crucial for the carcinogenesis and progression of common solid cancers, such as colorectal, gastric, hepatocellular, breast, thyroid, prostate, kidney, and lung cancers; osteosarcoma; and glioma. Specifically, compared with those in solid cancers, Wnt signaling pathways play a distinct role in the pathogenesis of leukemia. Efforts to develop Wnt-based drugs for cancer treatment are still ongoing, and some indeed enhance the anticancer immune response. We believe that the combination of Wnt signaling-based therapy with conventional or immune therapies is a promising therapeutic approach and can facilitate personalized treatment for most cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dapeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yifan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Cong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaobo Nie
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China; Henan Provincial Research Center for the Prevention and Diagnosis of Prostate Diseases, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Zhenhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Urinary Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China; Henan Provincial Research Center for the Prevention and Diagnosis of Prostate Diseases, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Junqing Hou
- Kaifeng 155 Hospital, China RongTong Medical Healthcare Group Co. Ltd., Kaifeng, China; Henan Provincial Research Center for the Prevention and Diagnosis of Prostate Diseases, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
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Karstensen JG, Hansen TVO, Burisch J, Djursby M, Højen H, Madsen MB, Jespersen N, Jelsig AM. Re-evaluating the genotypes of patients with adenomatous polyposis of unknown etiology: a nationwide study. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:588-592. [PMID: 38467732 PMCID: PMC11061120 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-024-01585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In the Danish Polyposis Register, patients with over 100 cumulative colorectal adenomas of unknown genetic etiology, named in this study colorectal polyposis (CP), is registered and treated as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). In this study, we performed genetic analyses, including whole genome sequencing (WGS), of all Danish patients registered with CP and estimated the detection rate of pathogenic variants (PV). We identified 231 families in the Polyposis Register, 31 of which had CP. A polyposis-associated gene panel was performed and, if negative, patients were offered WGS and screening for mosaicism in blood and/or adenomas. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was carried out for 27 of the families (four declined). PVs were detected in 11 families, and WGS revealed three additional structural variants in APC. Mosaicism of a PV in APC was detected in two families. As the variant detection rate of eligible families was 60%, 93% of families in the register now have a known genetic etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gásdal Karstensen
- Danish Polyposis Register, Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas V Overeem Hansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Burisch
- Danish Polyposis Register, Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Gastrounit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Malene Djursby
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Højen
- Danish Polyposis Register, Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Majbritt Busk Madsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Jespersen
- Danish Polyposis Register, Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Jelsig
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Abbass MA. Colorectal Cancer Genetics: An Evolutionary Tale of Us. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2024; 37:125-126. [PMID: 38606048 PMCID: PMC11006443 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Abbass
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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12
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Dopeso H, Rodrigues P, Cartón-García F, Macaya I, Bilic J, Anguita E, Jing L, Brotons B, Vivancos N, Beà L, Sánchez-Martín M, Landolfi S, Hernandez-Losa J, Ramon y Cajal S, Nieto R, Vicario M, Farre R, Schwartz S, van Ijzendoorn SC, Kobayashi K, Martinez-Barriocanal Á, Arango D. RhoA downregulation in the murine intestinal epithelium results in chronic Wnt activation and increased tumorigenesis. iScience 2024; 27:109400. [PMID: 38523777 PMCID: PMC10959657 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases are molecular switches regulating multiple cellular processes. To investigate the role of RhoA in normal intestinal physiology, we used a conditional mouse model overexpressing a dominant negative RhoA mutant (RhoAT19N) in the intestinal epithelium. Although RhoA inhibition did not cause an overt phenotype, increased levels of nuclear β-catenin were observed in the small intestinal epithelium of RhoAT19N mice, and the overexpression of multiple Wnt target genes revealed a chronic activation of Wnt signaling. Elevated Wnt signaling in RhoAT19N mice and intestinal organoids did not affect the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells but significantly interfered with their differentiation. Importantly, 17-month-old RhoAT19N mice showed a significant increase in the number of spontaneous intestinal tumors. Altogether, our results indicate that RhoA regulates the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells and inhibits tumor initiation, likely through the control of Wnt signaling, a key regulator of proliferation and differentiation in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Higinio Dopeso
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paulo Rodrigues
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Cartón-García
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irati Macaya
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josipa Bilic
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Anguita
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Li Jing
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Bruno Brotons
- Group of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Núria Vivancos
- Group of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Laia Beà
- Group of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Servicio de Transgénesis, Nucleus, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Stefania Landolfi
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Hernandez-Losa
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Ramon y Cajal
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Nieto
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Vicario
- Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricard Farre
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Simo Schwartz
- Group of Drug Delivery and Targeting, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sven C.D. van Ijzendoorn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Águeda Martinez-Barriocanal
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Diego Arango
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
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13
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Komeda Y, Ishikawa H, Yoshida T, Ushiama M, Yoshida S, Nomura K, Kono M, Omoto S, Takenaka M, Hagiwara S, Kashida H, Kudo M. Familial Adenomatous Polyposis with Atypical Clinical Morphology and Genetic Variants. Intern Med 2024; 63:1075-1079. [PMID: 37558482 PMCID: PMC11081906 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2050-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is caused by pathogenic variants of the APC gene on the long arm of chromosome 5. An analysis showed an association between germline APC gene variants and clinical signs of FAP; however, attenuated FAP has also been reported in cases with pathogenic variants. In contrast, a phenotype of FAP with no APC germline pathogenic variant and with few signs has been reported. We herein report a 16-year-old girl in whom the presence of multiple large bowel cancers from a young age and several small bowel cancers reflected a carcinogenic tendency higher than that typical for FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriaki Komeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Mineko Ushiama
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Saki Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kenji Nomura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masashi Kono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Omoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mamoru Takenaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Satoru Hagiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kashida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
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14
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Kim HM, Kim TI. Screening and surveillance for hereditary colorectal cancer. Intest Res 2024; 22:119-130. [PMID: 38311713 PMCID: PMC11079514 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2023.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that is caused by a genetic mutation. Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer, or who have a known hereditary syndrome, are at an increased risk of developing the disease. Screening and surveillance are important tools for managing the risk of hereditary colorectal cancer. Screening involves a combination of tests that can detect precancerous or cancerous changes in the colon and rectum. Surveillance involves regular follow-up examinations to monitor disease progression and to identify new developments. The frequency and type of screening and surveillance tests may vary depending on an individual's risk factors, genetic profile, and medical history. However, early detection and treatment of hereditary colorectal cancer can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality rates. By implementing comprehensive screening and surveillance strategies, healthcare providers can help individuals at risk of hereditary colorectal cancer to receive timely interventions and make informed decisions about their health. Specific examples of screening and surveillance tests for hereditary colorectal cancer include colonoscopy, genetic testing, and imaging tests. In this review article, we will discuss detailed screening and surveillance of hereditary colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Man Kim
- Cancer Prevention Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Cancer Prevention Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Kelson CO, Zaytseva YY. Altered lipid metabolism in APC-driven colorectal cancer: the potential for therapeutic intervention. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1343061. [PMID: 38590663 PMCID: PMC10999677 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1343061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Altered lipid metabolism is a well-recognized feature of solid cancers, including colorectal cancer. In colorectal cancer, upregulation of lipid metabolism contributes to initiation, progression, and metastasis; thus, aberrant lipid metabolism contributes to a poor patient outcome. The inactivating mutation of APC, a vital tumor suppressor in the Wnt signaling pathway, is a key event that occurs early in the majority of colorectal cancer cases. The potential crosstalk between lipid metabolism and APC-driven colorectal cancer is poorly understood. This review collectively highlights and summarizes the limited understanding between mutations in APC and the upregulation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and lipid metabolism. The interconnection between APC inactivation and aberrant lipid metabolism activates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling which causes transcriptome, epigenetic, and microbiome changes to promote colorectal cancer initiation and progression. Furthermore, the downstream effects of this collaborative effort between aberrant Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and lipid metabolism are enhanced stemness, cellular proliferation, prooncogenic signaling, and survival. Understanding the mechanistic link between APC inactivation and alterations in lipid metabolism may foster identification of new therapeutic targets to enable development of more efficacious strategies for prevention and/or treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney O. Kelson
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yekaterina Y. Zaytseva
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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16
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Sasaki K, Kawai K, Nozawa H, Ishihara S, Ishida H, Ishibashi K, Mori Y, Shichijo S, Tani Y, Takeuchi Y, Chino A, Takao M, Fujiyoshi K, Matsubara T, Miyakura Y, Taniguchi F, Yamaguchi T, Tanakaya K, Tomita N, Ajioka Y. Risk of gastric adenoma and adenocarcinoma in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis in Japan: a nationwide multicenter study. J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:187-194. [PMID: 38263336 PMCID: PMC10904405 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) have an increased risk of developing gastric neoplasms. However, the clinical course of FAP with these gastric lesions has not yet been fully clarified. The present study aimed to clarify the changes in the incidence risk of developing gastric adenoma or gastric cancer during the lifespan of patients with FAP. METHODS Four hundred forty-three patients with data regarding gastric adenoma and gastric cancer retrospectively registered in a nationwide Japanese multicenter study were enrolled. The cumulative incidences and hazard rates (HRs) of gastric neoplasms were evaluated. RESULTS The cumulative incidence rates in 50-year-old patients with FAP were 22.8% for gastric adenoma and 7.6% for gastric cancer, respectively. No significant association was found between gastric neoplasms and the colonic phenotype. The peak age for the HR of gastric adenoma was 65 years, with the highest HR (0.043). Regarding the incidence of gastric cancer, the HR increased moderately up to the age of 40 years, but the increase accelerated from the age of 50 years (HR = 0.0067). CONCLUSION Careful surveillance of the upper gastrointestinal tract in elderly patients with FAP, such as shortening the interval of follow-up according to age, may be helpful for early diagnosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Sasaki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
- The Committee of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazushige Kawai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nozawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ishida
- The Committee of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Ishibashi
- Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Mori
- Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoki Shichijo
- The Committee of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoji Takeuchi
- Department of Genetic Oncology, Division of Hereditary Tumors and Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Chino
- The Committee of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misato Takao
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Fujiyoshi
- The Committee of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takaaki Matsubara
- The Committee of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Miyakura
- The Committee of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Taniguchi
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Iwakuni Clinical Center, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Yamaguchi
- The Committee of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohji Tanakaya
- The Committee of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Iwakuni Clinical Center, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Naohiro Tomita
- The Committee of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ajioka
- The Committee of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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17
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Young CC, Horton C, Grzybowski J, Abualkheir N, Ramirez Castano J, Molparia B, Karam R, Chao E, Richardson ME. Solving Missing Heritability in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis With DNA-RNA Paired Testing. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300404. [PMID: 38564685 PMCID: PMC11000780 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in APC develop tens (attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis [AFAP]) to innumerable (classic FAP) adenomatous polyps in their colon and are at significantly increased lifetime risk of colorectal cancer. Up to 10% of FAP and up to 50% of patients with AFAP who have undergone DNA-only multigene panel testing (MGPT) do not have an identified PV in APC. We seek to demonstrate how the addition of RNA sequencing run concurrently with DNA can improve detection of germline PVs in individuals with a clinical presentation of AFAP/FAP. METHODS We performed a retrospective query of individuals tested with paired DNA-RNA MGPT from 2021 to 2022 at a single laboratory and included those with a novel APC PV located in intronic regions infrequently covered by MGPT, a personal history of polyposis, and family medical history provided. All clinical data were deidentified in this institutional review board-exempt study. RESULTS Three novel APC variants were identified in six families and were shown to cause aberrant splicing because of the creation of a deep intronic cryptic splice site that leads to an RNA transcript subject nonsense-mediated decay. Several carriers had previously undergone DNA-only genetic testing and had received a negative result. CONCLUSION Here, we describe how paired DNA-RNA MGPT can be used to solve missing heritability in FAP families, which can have important implications in family planning and treatment decisions for patients and their families.
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18
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Skotheim RI, Bogaard M, Carm KT, Axcrona U, Axcrona K. Prostate cancer: Molecular aspects, consequences, and opportunities of the multifocal nature. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189080. [PMID: 38272101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is unique compared to other major cancers due to the presence of multiple primary malignant foci in the majority of patients at the time of diagnosis. Each malignant focus has distinct somatic mutations and gene expression patterns, which represents a challenge for the development of prognostic tests for localized prostate cancer. Additionally, the molecular heterogeneity of advanced prostate cancer has important implications for management, particularly for patients with metastatic and locally recurrent cancer. Studies have shown that prostate cancers with mutations in DNA damage response genes are more sensitive to drugs inhibiting the poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) enzyme. However, testing for such mutations should consider both spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Here, we summarize studies where multiregional genomics and transcriptomics analyses have been performed for primary prostate cancer. We further discuss the vast interfocal heterogeneity and how prognostic biomarkers and a molecular definition of the index tumor should be developed. The concept of focal treatments in prostate cancer has been evolving as a demand from patients and clinicians and is one example where there is a need for defining an index tumor. Here, biomarkers must have proven value for individual malignant foci. The potential discovery and implementation of biomarkers that are agnostic to heterogeneity are also explored as an alternative to multisample testing. Thus, deciding upon whole-organ treatment, such as radical prostatectomy, should depend on information from biomarkers which are informative for the whole organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf I Skotheim
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Mari Bogaard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristina T Carm
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulrika Axcrona
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karol Axcrona
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Urology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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19
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Spier I, Yin X, Richardson M, Pineda M, Laner A, Ritter D, Boyle J, Mur P, Hansen TVO, Shi X, Mahmood K, Plazzer JP, Ognedal E, Nordling M, Farrington SM, Yamamoto G, Baert-Desurmont S, Martins A, Borras E, Tops C, Webb E, Beshay V, Genuardi M, Pesaran T, Capellá G, Tavtigian SV, Latchford A, Frayling IM, Plon SE, Greenblatt M, Macrae FA, Aretz S. Gene-specific ACMG/AMP classification criteria for germline APC variants: Recommendations from the ClinGen InSiGHT Hereditary Colorectal Cancer/Polyposis Variant Curation Expert Panel. Genet Med 2024; 26:100992. [PMID: 37800450 PMCID: PMC10922469 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Hereditary Colorectal Cancer/Polyposis Variant Curation Expert Panel (VCEP) was established by the International Society for Gastrointestinal Hereditary Tumours and the Clinical Genome Resource, who set out to develop recommendations for the interpretation of germline APC variants underlying Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, the most frequent hereditary polyposis syndrome. METHODS Through a rigorous process of database analysis, literature review, and expert elicitation, the APC VCEP derived gene-specific modifications to the ACMG/AMP (American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and Association for Molecular Pathology) variant classification guidelines and validated such criteria through the pilot classification of 58 variants. RESULTS The APC-specific criteria represented gene- and disease-informed specifications, including a quantitative approach to allele frequency thresholds, a stepwise decision tool for truncating variants, and semiquantitative evaluations of experimental and clinical data. Using the APC-specific criteria, 47% (27/58) of pilot variants were reclassified including 14 previous variants of uncertain significance (VUS). CONCLUSION The APC-specific ACMG/AMP criteria preserved the classification of well-characterized variants on ClinVar while substantially reducing the number of VUS by 56% (14/25). Moving forward, the APC VCEP will continue to interpret prioritized lists of VUS, the results of which will represent the most authoritative variant classification for widespread clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Spier
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; National Center for Hereditary Tumor Syndromes, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; European Reference Network on Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS) - Project ID No 739547
| | - Xiaoyu Yin
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Colorectal Medicine and Genetics, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | | | - Marta Pineda
- European Reference Network on Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS) - Project ID No 739547; Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ONCOBELL, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Deborah Ritter
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Julie Boyle
- Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Pilar Mur
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ONCOBELL, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas V O Hansen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Khalid Mahmood
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Melbourne Bioinformatics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - John-Paul Plazzer
- Department of Colorectal Medicine and Genetics, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Margareta Nordling
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Susan M Farrington
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gou Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis and Cancer Prevention, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Carli Tops
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Maurizio Genuardi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, and Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriel Capellá
- European Reference Network on Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS) - Project ID No 739547; Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ONCOBELL, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sean V Tavtigian
- Department of Oncological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Andrew Latchford
- Polyposis Registry, St. Mark's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Frayling
- Polyposis Registry, St. Mark's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Inherited Tumour Syndromes Research Group, Institute of Cancer & Genetics, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon E Plon
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Marc Greenblatt
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Finlay A Macrae
- Department of Colorectal Medicine and Genetics, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Stefan Aretz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; National Center for Hereditary Tumor Syndromes, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; European Reference Network on Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS) - Project ID No 739547
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20
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Avila SA, Nguyen G, Wojno T, Kim HJ. Orbital osteomas associated with Gardner's syndrome: a case presentation and review of literature. Orbit 2024; 43:109-114. [PMID: 35652300 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2022.2080231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Gardner syndrome (GS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by numerous intestinal colon polyps with various extraintestinal manifestations. Osteomas are a known extracolonic manifestation of GS and can affect the orbit, as seen in our patient, as well as 13 other cases documented in literature. Excision of large orbital osteomas can be successful with a multi-disciplinary approach as presented in this article. Ophthalmologists can even be the first to diagnose GS, usually via the presence of congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE) lesions. Untreated, 100% of colon polyps will transform into cancer, thus it is important to be aware of this rare syndrome with ophthalmic manifestations and screen patients with osteomas for GS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Avila
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Grace Nguyen
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ted Wojno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - H Joon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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21
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Valle L, Monahan KJ. Genetic predisposition to gastrointestinal polyposis: syndromes, tumour features, genetic testing, and clinical management. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 9:68-82. [PMID: 37931640 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tract polyposis is characterised by the presence of multiple polyps, particularly in the colorectum, and encompasses both cancer predisposition genetic syndromes and non-syndromic clinical manifestations. The sources of the heterogeneity observed in polyposis syndromes relate to genetic cause, mode of inheritance, polyp burden and histological type, and spectrum and frequency of extracolonic manifestations. These features determine the clinical management of carriers, including strategies for cancer prevention and early detection, and oncological treatments. Despite substantial progress in identifying the genetic causes of polyposis, a large proportion of cases remain genetically unexplained. Although some of these cases might be due to lifestyle, environmental factors, or cancer treatments, it is likely that additional polyposis predisposition genes will be identified. This Review provides an overview of the known syndromes and genes, genetic testing, and clinical management of patients with polyposis, and recent advances and challenges in the field of gastrointestinal polyposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell Programme, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Kevin J Monahan
- The St Mark's Centre for Familial Intestinal Cancer Lynch Syndrome & Family Cancer Clinic & Polyposis Registry, St Mark's Hospital, London, UK; Imperial College, London, UK.
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22
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Dolan M, St. John N, Zaidi F, Doyle F, Fasullo M. High-throughput screening of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome for 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoline resistance identifies colon cancer-associated genes. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad219. [PMID: 37738679 PMCID: PMC11025384 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are potent carcinogenic agents found in charred meats and cigarette smoke. However, few eukaryotic resistance genes have been identified. We used Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) to identify genes that confer resistance to 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoline (IQ). CYP1A2 and NAT2 activate IQ to become a mutagenic nitrenium compound. Deletion libraries expressing human CYP1A2 and NAT2 or no human genes were exposed to either 400 or 800 µM IQ for 5 or 10 generations. DNA barcodes were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform and statistical significance was determined for exactly matched barcodes. We identified 424 ORFs, including 337 genes of known function, in duplicate screens of the "humanized" collection for IQ resistance; resistance was further validated for a select group of 51 genes by growth curves, competitive growth, or trypan blue assays. Screens of the library not expressing human genes identified 143 ORFs conferring resistance to IQ per se. Ribosomal protein and protein modification genes were identified as IQ resistance genes in both the original and "humanized" libraries, while nitrogen metabolism, DNA repair, and growth control genes were also prominent in the "humanized" library. Protein complexes identified included the casein kinase 2 (CK2) and histone chaperone (HIR) complex. Among DNA Repair and checkpoint genes, we identified those that function in postreplication repair (RAD18, UBC13, REV7), base excision repair (NTG1), and checkpoint signaling (CHK1, PSY2). These studies underscore the role of ribosomal protein genes in conferring IQ resistance, and illuminate DNA repair pathways for conferring resistance to activated IQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dolan
- College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, State University of NewYork at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Nick St. John
- College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, State University of NewYork at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Faizan Zaidi
- College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, State University of NewYork at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Francis Doyle
- College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, State University of NewYork at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Michael Fasullo
- College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, State University of NewYork at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA
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23
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Xuan M, Gu X, Li J, Huang D, Xue C, He Y. Polyamines: their significance for maintaining health and contributing to diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:348. [PMID: 38049863 PMCID: PMC10694995 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are essential for the growth and proliferation of mammalian cells and are intimately involved in biological mechanisms such as DNA replication, RNA transcription, protein synthesis, and post-translational modification. These mechanisms regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation, programmed cell death, and the formation of tumors. Several studies have confirmed the positive effect of polyamines on the maintenance of health, while others have demonstrated that their activity may promote the occurrence and progression of diseases. This review examines a variety of topics, such as polyamine source and metabolism, including metabolism, transport, and the potential impact of polyamines on health and disease. In addition, a brief summary of the effects of oncogenes and signaling pathways on tumor polyamine metabolism is provided. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Xuan
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- Department of Oncology, College of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Child Health Care, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Chen Xue
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Yuting He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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24
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Mima K, Hamada T, Inamura K, Baba H, Ugai T, Ogino S. The microbiome and rise of early-onset cancers: knowledge gaps and research opportunities. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2269623. [PMID: 37902043 PMCID: PMC10730181 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2269623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates an alarming increase in the incidence of early-onset cancers, which are diagnosed among adults under 50 years of age, in the colorectum, esophagus, extrahepatic bile duct, gallbladder, liver, stomach, pancreas, as well as the bone marrow (multiple myeloma), breast, head and neck, kidney, prostate, thyroid, and uterine corpus (endometrium). While the early-onset cancer studies have encompassed research on the wide variety of organs, this article focuses on research on digestive system cancers. While a minority of early-onset cancers in the digestive system are associated with cancer-predisposing high penetrance germline genetic variants, the majority of those cancers are sporadic and multifactorial. Although potential etiological roles of diets, lifestyle, environment, and the microbiome from early life to adulthood (i.e. in one's life course) have been hypothesized, exact contribution of each of these factors remains uncertain. Diets, lifestyle patterns, and environmental exposures have been shown to alter the oral and intestinal microbiome. To address the rising trend of early-onset cancers, transdisciplinary research approaches including lifecourse epidemiology and molecular pathological epidemiology frameworks, nutritional and environmental sciences, multi-omics technologies, etc. are needed. We review current evidence and discuss emerging research opportunities, which can improve our understanding of their etiologies and help us design better strategies for prevention and treatment to reduce the cancer burden in populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Mima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Medicine, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cancer Immunology Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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McGowan KP, Delgado E, Keeley TM, Hibdon ES, Turgeon DK, Stoffel EM, Samuelson LC. Region-specific Wnt signaling responses promote gastric polyp formation in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e174546. [PMID: 37943618 PMCID: PMC10896006 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutation in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) promotes gastrointestinal polyposis, including the formation of frequent gastric fundic gland polyps (FGPs). In this study, we investigated how dysregulated Wnt signaling promotes FGPs and why they localize to the corpus region of the stomach. We developed a biobank of FGP and surrounding nonpolyp corpus biopsies and organoids from patients with FAP for comparative studies. Polyp biopsies and polyp-derived organoids exhibited enhanced Wnt target gene expression. Polyp-derived organoids with intrinsically upregulated Wnt signaling showed poor tolerance to further induction, suggesting that high Wnt restricts growth. Targeted genomic sequencing revealed that most gastric polyps did not arise via APC loss of heterozygosity. Studies in genetic mouse models demonstrated that heterozygous Apc loss increased epithelial cell proliferation in the corpus but not the antrum, while homozygous Apc loss was not maintained in the corpus yet induced hyperproliferation in the antrum. Our findings suggest that heterozygous APC mutation in patients with FAP may be sufficient to drive polyp formation in the corpus region while subsequent loss of heterozygosity to further enhance Wnt signaling is not tolerated. This finding contextualizes the abundant yet benign nature of gastric polyps in FAP patient corpus compared with the rare, yet adenomatous polyps in the antrum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - D Kim Turgeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elena M Stoffel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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26
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Abstract
Background: Very little was known about the molecular pathogenesis of thyroid cancer until the late 1980s. As part of the Centennial celebration of the American Thyroid Association, we review the historical discoveries that contributed to our current understanding of the genetic underpinnings of thyroid cancer. Summary: The pace of discovery was heavily dependent on scientific breakthroughs in nucleic acid sequencing technology, cancer biology, thyroid development, thyroid cell signaling, and growth regulation. Accordingly, we attempt to link the primary observations on thyroid cancer molecular genetics with the methodological and scientific advances that made them possible. Conclusions: The major genetic drivers of the common forms of thyroid cancer are now quite well established and contribute to a significant extent to how we diagnose and treat the disease. However, many challenges remain. Future work will need to unravel the complexity of thyroid cancer ecosystems, which is likely to be a major determinant of their biological behavior and on how they respond to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Fagin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuri E. Nikiforov
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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27
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Ding J, Wang S, Liu Q, Duan Y, Cheng T, Ye Z, Cui Z, Zhang A, Liu Q, Zhang Z, Zhang N, Liu Q, An N, Zhao J, Yi D, Li Q, Wang J, Zhang Y, Ma L, Guo S, Wang J, Liang C, Zhou J, Cen S, Li X. Schlafen-5 inhibits LINE-1 retrotransposition. iScience 2023; 26:107968. [PMID: 37810251 PMCID: PMC10551903 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Long interspersed element 1 (LINE-1) is the only currently known active autonomous transposon in humans, and its retrotransposition may cause deleterious effects on the structure and function of host cell genomes and result in sporadic genetic diseases. Host cells therefore developed defense strategies to restrict LINE-1 mobilization. In this study, we demonstrated that IFN-inducible Schlafen5 (SLFN5) inhibits LINE-1 retrotransposition. Mechanistic studies revealed that SLFN5 interrupts LINE-1 ribonucleoprotein particle (RNP) formation, thus diminishing nuclear entry of the LINE-1 RNA template and subsequent LINE-1 cDNA production. The ability of SLFN5 to bind to LINE-1 RNA and the involvement of the helicase domain of SLFN5 in its inhibitory activity suggest a mechanism that SLFN5 binds to LINE-1 RNA followed by dissociation of ORF1p through its helicase activity, resulting in impaired RNP formation. These data highlight a new mechanism of host cells to restrict LINE-1 mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shujie Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qipeng Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Duan
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Cheng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Ye
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanding Cui
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyu Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiong Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ni An
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyuan Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongrong Yi
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Quanjie Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Saisai Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liang
- The Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Jinming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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28
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Brügger MD, Basler K. The diverse nature of intestinal fibroblasts in development, homeostasis, and disease. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:834-849. [PMID: 37080817 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Only in recent years have we begun to appreciate the involvement of fibroblasts in intestinal development, tissue homeostasis, and disease. These insights followed the advent of single-cell transcriptomics that allowed researchers to explore the heterogeneity of intestinal fibroblasts in unprecedented detail. Since researchers often defined cell types and their associated function based on the biological process they studied, there are a plethora of partially overlapping markers for different intestinal fibroblast populations. This ambiguity complicates putting different research findings into context. Here, we provide a census on the function and identity of intestinal fibroblasts in mouse and human. We propose a simplified framework consisting of three colonic and four small intestinal fibroblast populations to aid navigating the diversity of intestinal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael David Brügger
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Konrad Basler
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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29
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Boland CR, Koi M, Hawn MT, Carethers JM, Yurgelun MB. Serendipity Strikes: How Pursuing Novel Hypotheses Shifted the Paradigm Regarding the Genetic Basis of Colorectal Cancer and Changed Cancer Therapy. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:3504-3513. [PMID: 37402979 PMCID: PMC11262588 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
In this installment of the "Paradigm Shifts in Perspective" series, the authors, all scientists who have been involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) research for most or all of their careers, have watched the field develop from early pathological descriptions of tumor formation to the current understanding of tumor pathogenesis that informs personalized therapies. We outline how our understanding of the pathogenetic basis of CRC began with seemingly isolated discoveries-initially with the mutations in RAS and the APC gene, the latter of which was initially found in the context of intestinal polyposis, to the more complex process of multistep carcinogenesis, to the chase for tumor suppressor genes, which led to the unexpected discovery of microsatellite instability (MSI). These discoveries enabled the authors to better understand how the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system not only recognizes DNA damage but also responds to damage by DNA repair or by triggering apoptosis in the injured cell. This work served, in part, to link the earlier findings on the pathogenesis of CRC to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which has been transformative-and curative-for certain types of CRCs and other cancers as well. These discoveries also highlight the circuitous routes that scientific progress takes, which can include thoughtful hypothesis testing and at other times recognizing the importance of seemingly serendipitous observations that substantially change the flow and direction of the discovery process. What has happened over the past 37 years was not predictable when this journey began, but it does speak to the power of careful scientific experimentation, following the facts, perseverance in the face of opposition, and the willingness to think outside of established paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary T Hawn
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, CJ Huang Bldg, Palo Alto, CA, 94306, USA
| | | | - Matthew B Yurgelun
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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30
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Kaunitz JD, Bejjani A. Very Unstable Genetics: How the Confluence of Microsatellite Instability and Immunotherapy Revolutionized the Treatment of Colon Cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:3494-3503. [PMID: 37402981 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Kaunitz
- Medical Service, Section of Gastroenterology, Greater Los Angeles VAMC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Anthony Bejjani
- Medical Service, Section of Hematology Oncology, Greater Los Angeles VAMC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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31
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Broekema MF, Redeker EJW, Uiterwaal MT, van Hest LP. A novel pathogenic frameshift variant in AXIN2 in a man with polyposis and hypodontia. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2023; 21:16. [PMID: 37626374 PMCID: PMC10464116 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-023-00260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WNT signaling is pivotal in embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Aberrant WNT signaling, due to mutations in components of this pathway, contributes to the development and progression of human cancers, including colorectal cancer. AXIN2, encoded by the AXIN2 gene, is a key negative regulator and target of the canonical WNT signaling pathway. Germline mutations in AXIN2 are associated with absence of permanent teeth (hypo- and oligodontia) and predisposition to gastrointestinal polyps and cancer. The limited number of patients makes an accurate genotype-phenotype analysis currently challenging. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a 55-year-old male with colorectal polyposis and hypodontia. Genetic testing confirmed a novel frameshift germline mutation in exon 8 of the AXIN2 gene. In addition, we provide an updated overview of germline AXIN2 mutations reported in literature. CONCLUSIONS Although the number of missing teeth is less severe in our patient than in some previously reported cases, our findings provide additional evidence that missing teeth and gastrointestinal neoplasia are associated with rare pathogenic AXIN2 germline mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Broekema
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - E J W Redeker
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M T Uiterwaal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - L P van Hest
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Abstract
Mouse models of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been crucial in the identification of the role of genes responsible for the full range of pathology of the human disease and have proved to be dependable for testing anti-cancer drugs. Recent research points toward the relevance of tumor, angiogenic, and immune microenvironments in CRC progression to late-stage disease, as well as the treatment of it. This study examines important mouse models in CRC, discussing inherent strengths and weaknesses disclosed during their construction. It endeavors to provide both a synopsis of previous work covering how investigators have defined various models and to evaluate critically how researchers are most likely to use them in the future. Accumulated evidence regarding the metastatic process and the hope of using checkpoint inhibitors and immunological inhibitor therapies points to the need for a genetically engineered mouse model that is both immunocompetent and autochthonous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Haas Kucherlapati
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Söderholm S, Jauregi-Miguel A, Pagella P, Ghezzi V, Zambanini G, Nordin A, Cantù C. Single-cell response to Wnt signaling activation reveals uncoupling of Wnt target gene expression. Exp Cell Res 2023:113646. [PMID: 37271249 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling drives nuclear translocation of β-catenin and its subsequent association with the DNA-bound TCF/LEF transcription factors, which dictate target gene specificity by recognizing Wnt responsive elements across the genome. β-Catenin target genes are therefore thought to be collectively activated upon Wnt pathway stimulation. However, this appears in contrast with the non-overlapping patterns of Wnt target gene expression in several contexts, including early mammalian embryogenesis. Here we followed Wnt target gene expression in human embryonic stem cells after Wnt pathway stimulation at a single-cell resolution. Cells changed gene expression program over time consistent with three key developmental events: i) loss of pluripotency, ii) induction of Wnt target genes, and iii) mesoderm specification. Contrary to our expectation, not all cells displayed equal amplitude of Wnt target gene activation; rather, they distributed in a continuum from strong to weak responders when ranked based on the expression of the target AXIN2. Moreover, high AXIN2 did not always correspond to elevated expression of other Wnt targets, which were activated in different proportions in individual cells. The uncoupling of Wnt target gene expression was also identified in single cell transcriptomics profiling of other Wnt-responding cell types, including HEK293T, murine developing forelimbs, and human colorectal cancer. Our finding underlines the necessity to identify additional mechanisms that explain the heterogeneity of the Wnt/β-catenin-mediated transcriptional outputs in single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Söderholm
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Amaia Jauregi-Miguel
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Valeria Ghezzi
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gianluca Zambanini
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Nordin
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Atkins M, Nicol X, Fassier C. Microtubule remodelling as a driving force of axon guidance and pruning. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 140:35-53. [PMID: 35710759 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of neuronal connectivity relies on the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton, which provides mechanical support, roads for axonal transport and mediates signalling events. Fine-tuned spatiotemporal regulation of MT functions by tubulin post-translational modifications and MT-associated proteins is critical for the coarse wiring and subsequent refinement of neuronal connectivity. The defective regulation of these processes causes a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with connectivity defects. This review focuses on recent studies unravelling how MT composition, post-translational modifications and associated proteins influence MT functions in axon guidance and/or pruning to build functional neuronal circuits. We here summarise experimental evidence supporting the key role of this network as a driving force for growth cone steering and branch-specific axon elimination. We further provide a global overview of the MT-interactors that tune developing axon behaviours, with a special emphasis on their emerging versatility in the regulation of MT dynamics/structure. Recent studies establishing the key and highly selective role of the tubulin code in the regulation of MT functions in axon pathfinding are also reported. Finally, our review highlights the emerging molecular links between these MT regulation processes and guidance signals that wire the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Atkins
- INSERM, UMR-S 1270, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Nicol
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Coralie Fassier
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, F-75012 Paris, France.
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Ditonno I, Novielli D, Celiberto F, Rizzi S, Rendina M, Ierardi E, Di Leo A, Losurdo G. Molecular Pathways of Carcinogenesis in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065687. [PMID: 36982759 PMCID: PMC10056005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a genetic syndrome characterized by the presence of multiple polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and a wide range of systemic extra-intestinal manifestations. Patients affected will inevitably undergo abdominal surgery due to the malignant transformation of one or more adenomas. The pathogenesis of the disease is based on a loss of function mutation in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), a tumor-suppressor gene, inherited following a Mendelian pattern. This gene is a key component of multiple cell functions that cooperate for homeostasis; when mutated, it contributes to the progression of colorectal adenoma into cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that several additional mechanisms may influence this process, such as alterations in gut microbiota composition and mucosal barrier immunity, interaction with the immune microenvironment and inflammation, the hormone estrogen, and other signaling pathways. These factors represent promising targets of future therapies and chemoprevention, aiming to alter the progressive nature of the disease and improve the quality of life of families affected. Therefore, we performed a narrative review about the current knowledge of the aforementioned pathways involved in colorectal cancer pathogenesis in FAP, exploring the genetic and environmental factors that may contribute to the development of CRC in FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Ditonno
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Novielli
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Celiberto
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Course in Organs and Tissues Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Precision Medicine Jonic Area, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rizzi
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Rendina
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Enzo Ierardi
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Alfredo Di Leo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Losurdo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Doucet D, Brubaker C, Turner D, Gregory CA. Factors affecting the role of canonical Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 in cancer progression. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1114822. [PMID: 37007131 PMCID: PMC10050559 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1114822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe canonical Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) has the capacity to modulate homeostasis between canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways and also signal independently of Wnt. The specific effects of Dkk-1 activity on tumor physiology are therefore unpredictable with examples of Dkk-1 serving as either a driver or suppressor of malignancy. Given that Dkk-1 blockade may serve as a potential treatment for some types of cancer, we questioned whether it is possible to predict the role of Dkk-1 on tumor progression based on the tissue origin of the tumor.MethodsOriginal research articles that described Dkk-1 in terms a tumor suppressor or driver of cancer growth were identified. To determine the association between tumor developmental origin and the role of Dkk-1, a logistic regression was performed. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was interrogated for survival statistics based on tumor Dkk-1 expression.ResultsWe report that Dkk-1 is statistically more likely to serve as a suppressor in tumors arising from the ectoderm (p = 0.0198) or endoderm (p = 0.0334) but more likely to serve as a disease driver in tumors of mesodermal origin (p = 0.0155). Survival analyses indicated that in cases where Dkk-1 expression could be stratified, high Dkk-1 expression is usually associated with poor prognosis. This in part may be due to pro-tumorigenic role Dkk-1 plays on tumor cells but also through its influence on immunomodulatory and angiogenic processes in the tumor stroma.ConclusionDkk-1 has a context-specific dual role as a tumor suppressor or driver. Dkk-1 is significantly more likely to serve as a tumor suppressor in tumors arising from ectoderm and endoderm while the converse is true for mesodermal tumors. Patient survival data indicated high Dkk-1 expression is generally a poor prognostic indicator. These findings provide further support for the importance of Dkk-1 as a therapeutic cancer target in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota Doucet
- Medical Sciences Program, Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Connor Brubaker
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Donald Turner
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Carl A. Gregory
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Carl A. Gregory,
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Zhu LH, Dong J, Li WL, Kou ZY, Yang J. Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Autosomal Dominant and Recessive APC Mutation-Negative Colorectal Adenomatous Polyposis. Dig Dis Sci 2023:10.1007/s10620-023-07890-9. [PMID: 36862359 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent type of intestinal polyposis, colorectal adenomatous polyposis (CAP), is regarded as a precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer with obvious genetic characteristics. Early screening and intervention can significantly improve patients' survival and prognosis. The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutation is believed to be the primary cause of CAP. There is, however, a subset of CAP with undetectable pathogenic mutations in APC, known as APC (-)/CAP. The genetic predisposition to APC (-)/CAP has largely been associated with germline mutations in some susceptible genes, including the human mutY homologue (MUTYH) gene and the Nth-like DNA glycosylase 1 (NTHL1) gene, and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) can cause autosomal recessive APC (-)/CAP. Furthermore, autosomal dominant APC (-)/CAP could occur as a result of DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE)/DNA polymerase delta 1 (POLD1), axis inhibition protein 2 (AXIN2), and dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) mutations. The clinical phenotypes of these pathogenic mutations vary greatly depending on their genetic characteristics. Therefore, in this study, we present a comprehensive review of the association between autosomal recessive and dominant APC (-)/CAP genotypes and clinical phenotypes and conclude that APC (-)/CAP is a disease caused by multiple genes with different phenotypes and interaction exists in the pathogenic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Wen-Liang Li
- Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Kou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Rd, Kunming, 650032, China.
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Takeuchi Y, Hamada K, Nakahira H, Shimamoto Y, Sakurai H, Tani Y, Shichijo S, Maekawa A, Kanesaka T, Yamamoto S, Higashino K, Fujisawa F, Ezoe Y, Ishikawa H, Mutoh M, Uedo N, Nojima M, Ishihara R. Efficacy and safety of intensive downstaging polypectomy (IDP) for multiple duodenal adenomas in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis: a prospective cohort study. Endoscopy 2023; 55:515-523. [PMID: 36410678 DOI: 10.1055/a-1983-5963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) risk developing multiple duodenal adenomas (MDAs), leading to duodenal cancer and death. We investigated the efficacy and safety of intensive downstaging polypectomy (IDP) for MDAs integrated with new-generation procedures. METHODS This prospective phase II study, conducted at a tertiary cancer center, enrolled patients with FAP who had MDAs. We performed IDP including cold snare/forceps polypectomy (CSP/CFP) and underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR). The primary end point was the downstaging of Spigelman stage at 1-year follow-up. RESULTS 2424 duodenal polyps in 58 patients with FAP underwent IDP, including 2413 CSPs in 57 patients, seven CFPs in one patient, and four UEMRs in four patients. Only one major adverse event was observed (grade 3 hyperamylasemia) without clinical manifestations. We performed additional UEMR, CSP, and CFP for one, 12, and 22 patients, respectively, during initial follow-up. Overall, 55 patients completed protocol examination; the Spigelman stage was significantly reduced at the 1-year follow-up endoscopy (P < 0.001), with downstaging observed in 39 patients (71 %). Among the 26 patients with Spigelman stage IV at initial examination and protocol completion, 23 (88 %) showed downstaging. There was no major change in Spigelman stages from 1-year follow-up esophagogastroduodenoscopy to a median of 37 months (range 3-56). CONCLUSIONS IDP, including new-generation procedures, showed significant downstaging with acceptable adverse events for MDA in patients with FAP, even those with advanced-stage disease. Lesion selection for different resection techniques may be important for suitable and sustainable management of MDA in patients with FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Takeuchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Genetic Oncology, Division of Hereditary Tumors, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenta Hamada
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Practical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakahira
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Hoshigaoka Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusaku Shimamoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Sakurai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoki Shichijo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Maekawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanesaka
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yamamoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Higashino
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumie Fujisawa
- Department of Genetic Oncology, Division of Hereditary Tumors, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Ezoe
- Ishikawa Gastroenterological Medical Clinic, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishikawa
- Ishikawa Gastroenterological Medical Clinic, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mutoh
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriya Uedo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Nojima
- Center for Translational Research, The Institute of Medical Science Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryu Ishihara
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
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Panyarat C, Nakornchai S, Chintakanon K, Leelaadisorn N, Intachai W, Olsen B, Tongsima S, Adisornkanj P, Ngamphiw C, Cox TC, Kantaputra P. Rare Genetic Variants in Human APC Are Implicated in Mesiodens and Isolated Supernumerary Teeth. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054255. [PMID: 36901686 PMCID: PMC10002335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling is a prerequisite for odontogenesis. APC, a member of the AXIN-CK1-GSK3β-APC β-catenin destruction complex, functions to modulate Wnt/β-catenin signalling to establish regular teeth number and positions. APC loss-of-function mutations are associated with the over-activation of WNT/β-catenin signalling and subsequent familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP; MIM 175100) with or without multiple supernumerary teeth. The ablation of Apc function in mice also results in the constitutive activation of β-catenin in embryonic mouse epithelium and causes supernumerary tooth formation. The objective of this study was to investigate if genetic variants in the APC gene were associated with supernumerary tooth phenotypes. We clinically, radiographically, and molecularly investigated 120 Thai patients with mesiodentes or isolated supernumerary teeth. Whole exome and Sanger sequencing identified three extremely rare heterozygous variants (c.3374T>C, p.Val1125Ala; c.6127A>G, p.Ile2043Val; and c.8383G>A, p.Ala2795Thr) in APC in four patients with mesiodentes or a supernumerary premolar. An additional patient with mesiodens was compound as heterozygous for two APC variants (c.2740T>G, p.Cys914Gly, and c.5722A>T, p.Asn1908Tyr). Rare variants in APC in our patients are likely to contribute to isolated supernumerary dental phenotypes including isolated mesiodens and an isolated supernumerary tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chomchanok Panyarat
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriruk Nakornchai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kanoknart Chintakanon
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Worrachet Intachai
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Bjorn Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sissades Tongsima
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Ploy Adisornkanj
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Dental Department, Sawang Daen Din Crown Prince Hospital, Sakon Nakhon 47110, Thailand
| | - Chumpol Ngamphiw
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Timothy C. Cox
- Departments of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Piranit Kantaputra
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Novellasdemunt L, Kucharska A, Baulies A, Hutton C, Vlachogiannis G, Repana D, Rowan A, Suárez-Bonnet A, Ciccarelli F, Valeri N, Li VSW. USP7 inactivation suppresses APC-mutant intestinal hyperproliferation and tumor development. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:570-584. [PMID: 36669491 PMCID: PMC9968985 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutation is the hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC), resulting in constitutive WNT activation. Despite decades of research, targeting WNT signaling in cancer remains challenging due to its on-target toxicity. We have previously shown that the deubiquitinating enzyme USP7 is a tumor-specific WNT activator in APC-truncated cells by deubiquitinating and stabilizing β-catenin, but its role in gut tumorigenesis is unknown. Here, we show in vivo that deletion of Usp7 in Apc-truncated mice inhibits crypt hyperproliferation and intestinal tumor development. Loss of Usp7 prolongs the survival of the sporadic intestinal tumor model. Genetic deletion, but not pharmacological inhibition, of Usp7 in Apc+/- intestine induces colitis and enteritis. USP7 inhibitor treatment suppresses growth of patient-derived cancer organoids carrying APC truncations in vitro and in xenografts. Our findings provide direct evidence that USP7 inhibition may offer a safe and efficacious tumor-specific therapy for both sporadic and germline APC-mutated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Novellasdemunt
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Anna Kucharska
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Anna Baulies
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Colin Hutton
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Georgios Vlachogiannis
- Centre for Molecular Pathology, the Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Dimitra Repana
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andrew Rowan
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - A Suárez-Bonnet
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK; Experimental Histopathology, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Francesca Ciccarelli
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Centre for Molecular Pathology, the Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Vivian S W Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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Guevara-Garcia A, Soleilhac M, Minc N, Delacour D. Regulation and functions of cell division in the intestinal tissue. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023:S1084-9521(23)00004-6. [PMID: 36702722 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, epithelial cells are key elements of tissue organization. In developing epithelial tissues, cellular proliferation and differentiation are under the tight regulation of morphogenetic programs to ensure correct organ formation and functioning. In these processes, proliferation rates and division orientation regulate the speed, timing and direction of tissue expansion but also its proper patterning. Moreover, tissue homeostasis relies on spatio-temporal modulations of daughter cell behavior and arrangement. These aspects are particularly crucial in the intestine, which is one of the most proliferative tissues in adults, making it a very attractive adult organ system to study the role of cell division on epithelial morphogenesis and organ function. Although epithelial cell division has been the subject of intense research for many years in multiple models, it still remains in its infancy in the context of the intestinal tissue. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge on cell division and regulatory mechanisms at play in the intestinal epithelial tissue, as well as their importance in developmental biology and physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matis Soleilhac
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Minc
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Delacour
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France.
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Sin SH, Yoon JH, Kim SW, Park WS, Chae HS. A Case of Sporadic Multiple Colonic Polyps in a Young Woman. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:1293-1299. [PMID: 36826061 PMCID: PMC9955090 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic colorectal cancer arises from an adenoma. As mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene have been frequently detected in colorectal adenomas, the APC gene is considered a gatekeeper in colorectal carcinogenesis. Here, we report a case of sporadic multiple colonic adenomas that were accompanied by an APC-truncating mutation. A 25-year-old Korean woman presented with dozens of incidentally found colonic polyps. There was no family history of colorectal polyposis or colon cancer in her first or second-degree relatives. All the polyps were removed endoscopically at once, and their pathological examination revealed tubular adenoma. Mutational analysis showed a 2-bp deletion mutation at codon 443, which generates a premature stop codon at codon 461 of the APC gene, and Western blot analysis demonstrated both wild-type and truncated APC proteins in adenoma tissue. This study suggests that a single truncating mutation of the APC gene may initiate adenoma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ho Sin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, 271, Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu-si 11765, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Yoon
- Department of Pathology and Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, 271, Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu-si 11765, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sang Park
- Department of Pathology and Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (W.S.P.); (H.S.C.)
| | - Hiun Suk Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, 271, Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu-si 11765, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (W.S.P.); (H.S.C.)
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Endoscopic management of familial adenomatous polyposis targeting colorectal lesions greater than 5 mm in size: a single-center retrospective study. Fam Cancer 2023; 22:83-89. [PMID: 35930210 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-022-00308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Preserving the colon while preventing colorectal cancer is challenging in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Although prophylactic colectomy is the current standard of care, some patients with familial adenomatous polyposis may wish to postpone colectomy as long as polyposis can be managed by endoscopic resection. This study examined our endoscopic management and prognostic results for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis who refused to undergo colectomy. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 12 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis treated at our hospital between January 1995 and December 2020. All patients opted to postpone prophylactic colectomy although they had significant polyp burdens and underwent endoscopic management, in which colorectal polyps sized > 5 mm were thoroughly resected during baseline colonoscopies and subsequently, newly arising colorectal polyps sized > 5 mm were periodically resected during surveillance colonoscopies. Patients (median age, 33 years) were followed up for a median of 5.2 years. The median number of colonoscopies and resected lesions per patient was 2 and 14 at baseline as well as, 9 and 32 during surveillance, respectively. The interval between colonoscopies was 1.0 and 7.0 months for baseline and surveillance, respectively. The colons of all 12 patients were preserved, and no invasive colorectal cancer developed. In 10 patients, 35 cases of high-grade dysplasia were observed and managed by endoscopic resection. Repeated endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps sized > 5 mm with appropriate surveillance may be an alternative form of endoscopic management for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis wishing to postpone colectomy.
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Davies M, Jurynec MJ, Gomez-Alvarado F, Hu D, Feeley SE, Allen-Brady K, Tashjian RZ, Feeley BT. Current cellular and molecular biology techniques for the orthopedic surgeon-scientist. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2023; 32:e11-e22. [PMID: 35988889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Davies
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Jurynec
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Francisco Gomez-Alvarado
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sonali E Feeley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristina Allen-Brady
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert Z Tashjian
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Brian T Feeley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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45
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Strong Hereditary Predispositions to Colorectal Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122326. [PMID: 36553592 PMCID: PMC9777620 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. A strong predisposition to cancer is generally only observed in colorectal cancer (5% of cases) and breast cancer (2% of cases). Colorectal cancer is the most common cancer with a strong genetic predisposition, but it includes dozens of various syndromes. This group includes familial adenomatous polyposis, attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis, MUTYH-associated polyposis, NTHL1-associated polyposis, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, juvenile polyposis syndrome, Cowden syndrome, Lynch syndrome, and Muir-Torre syndrome. The common symptom of all these diseases is a very high risk of colorectal cancer, but depending on the condition, their course is different in terms of age and range of cancer occurrence. The rate of cancer development is determined by its conditioning genes, too. Hereditary predispositions to cancer of the intestine are a group of symptoms of heterogeneous diseases, and their proper diagnosis is crucial for the appropriate management of patients and their successful treatment. Mutations of specific genes cause strong colorectal cancer predispositions. Identifying mutations of predisposing genes will support proper diagnosis and application of appropriate screening programs to avoid malignant neoplasm.
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Tomaz LB, Liu BA, Meroshini M, Ong SLM, Tan EK, Tolwinski NS, Williams CS, Gingras AC, Leushacke M, Dunn NR. MCC is a centrosomal protein that relocalizes to non-centrosomal apical sites during intestinal cell differentiation. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259272. [PMID: 36217793 PMCID: PMC10658790 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene mutated in colorectal cancer (MCC) encodes a coiled-coil protein implicated, as its name suggests, in the pathogenesis of hereditary human colon cancer. To date, however, the contributions of MCC to intestinal homeostasis and disease remain unclear. Here, we examine the subcellular localization of MCC, both at the mRNA and protein levels, in the adult intestinal epithelium. Our findings reveal that Mcc transcripts are restricted to proliferating crypt cells, including Lgr5+ stem cells, where the Mcc protein is distinctly associated with the centrosome. Upon intestinal cellular differentiation, Mcc is redeployed to the apical domain of polarized villus cells where non-centrosomal microtubule organizing centers (ncMTOCs) are positioned. Using intestinal organoids, we show that the shuttling of the Mcc protein depends on phosphorylation by casein kinases 1δ and ε, which are critical modulators of WNT signaling. Together, our findings support a role for MCC in establishing and maintaining the cellular architecture of the intestinal epithelium as a component of both the centrosome and ncMTOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian B. Tomaz
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Bernard A. Liu
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Meroshini M
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
| | - Sheena L. M. Ong
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Ee Kim Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | | | | | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Marc Leushacke
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 308232, Singapore
| | - N. Ray Dunn
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 308232, Singapore
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Matsubara T, Beppu N, Ikeda M, Ishida H, Takeuchi Y, Nagasaki T, Takao A, Sasaki K, Akagi K, Sudo T, Ueno H, Yamaguchi T, Tomita N, Ajioka Y. Current clinical practice for familial adenomatous polyposis in Japan: A nationwide multicenter study. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2022; 6:778-787. [PMID: 36338590 PMCID: PMC9628228 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Japanese patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), colectomy tends to be postponed or avoided. Aim This study aimed to clarify the current clinical practice from a Japanese multicenter cohort study database. Methods We analyzed the records of 250 patients with non-dense FAP who did not require colorectal cancer removal. The clinical outcomes were compared between patients who received colectomy (n = 142) (Group A) and those who did not receive colectomy (n = 108) (Group B). Results The colectomy rate based on the age at the final follow-up examination was 46%, 60%, 54%, 65%, at ≤29, 30-39, 40-49, and ≥ 50 years, respectively (P = .11). The development of colorectal cancer did not differ between Groups A and B (25% vs 22% P = .67); however, colorectal cancer was diagnosed at the Tis stage in 88% of the patients with colorectal cancer in Group B, and 34% of the patients with colorectal cancer in Group A (P < .01). Regarding survival, all patients in Group B were alive at the final follow-up examination. In contrast, six patients in Group A died, including three patients with desmoid tumors and one with colon cancer. Conclusion Over one-third of patients with non-dense FAP (polyps ≤ 1000) in Japan did not receive colectomy at >30 years of age, and patients who managed without colectomy showed acceptable survival with the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, and a very low incidence of desmoid tumor development, indicating that this approach represents a potential option for the management of selected non-dense FAP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Matsubara
- Department of Surgery, Division of Lower Gastrointestinal SurgeryHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaHyogoJapan
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and RectumTokyoJapan
| | - Naohito Beppu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Lower Gastrointestinal SurgeryHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaHyogoJapan
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and RectumTokyoJapan
| | - Masataka Ikeda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Lower Gastrointestinal SurgeryHyogo College of MedicineNishinomiyaHyogoJapan
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and RectumTokyoJapan
| | - Hideyuki Ishida
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and RectumTokyoJapan
- Department of Digestive Tract and General surgery, Saitama Medical CenterSaitama Medical UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Yoji Takeuchi
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and RectumTokyoJapan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Department of Genetic Oncology, Department of Hereditary TumorsOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Toshiya Nagasaki
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and RectumTokyoJapan
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryCancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Akinari Takao
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and RectumTokyoJapan
- Department of GastroenterologyTokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuhito Sasaki
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and RectumTokyoJapan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kiwamu Akagi
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and RectumTokyoJapan
- Division of Molecular Diagnosis and Cancer PreventionSaitama Cancer CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Tomoya Sudo
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and RectumTokyoJapan
- Department of SurgeryKurume University School of MedicineKurumeJapan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and RectumTokyoJapan
- Department of SurgeryNational Defense Medical CollegeSaitamaJapan
| | - Tatsuro Yamaguchi
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and RectumTokyoJapan
- Department of Clinical GeneticsTokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Naohiro Tomita
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and RectumTokyoJapan
- Cancer Treatment CenterToyonaka Municipal HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Yoichi Ajioka
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and RectumTokyoJapan
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic PathologyNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigataJapan
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Wu Q, Qian W, Sun X, Jiang S. Small-molecule inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and more: FDA-approved novel therapeutic drugs for solid tumors from 1991 to 2021. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:143. [PMID: 36209184 PMCID: PMC9548212 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) has always been a forerunner in drug evaluation and supervision. Over the past 31 years, 1050 drugs (excluding vaccines, cell-based therapies, and gene therapy products) have been approved as new molecular entities (NMEs) or biologics license applications (BLAs). A total of 228 of these 1050 drugs were identified as cancer therapeutics or cancer-related drugs, and 120 of them were classified as therapeutic drugs for solid tumors according to their initial indications. These drugs have evolved from small molecules with broad-spectrum antitumor properties in the early stage to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) with a more precise targeting effect during the most recent decade. These drugs have extended indications for other malignancies, constituting a cancer treatment system for monotherapy or combined therapy. However, the available targets are still mainly limited to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), restricting the development of antitumor drugs. In this review, these 120 drugs are summarized and classified according to the initial indications, characteristics, or functions. Additionally, RTK-targeted therapies and immune checkpoint-based immunotherapies are also discussed. Our analysis of existing challenges and potential opportunities in drug development may advance solid tumor treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wu
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang China
| | - Shaojie Jiang
- School of Medical Imaging, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
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Jurynec MJ, Gavile CM, Honeggar M, Ma Y, Veerabhadraiah SR, Novak KA, Hoshijima K, Kazmers NH, Grunwald DJ. NOD/RIPK2 signalling pathway contributes to osteoarthritis susceptibility. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:1465-1473. [PMID: 35732460 PMCID: PMC9474725 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-222497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES How inflammatory signalling contributes to osteoarthritis (OA) susceptibility is undetermined. An allele encoding a hyperactive form of the Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase 2 (RIPK2) proinflammatory signalling intermediate has been associated with familial OA. To test whether altered nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain (NOD)/RIPK2 pathway activity causes heightened OA susceptibility, we investigated whether variants affecting additional pathway components are associated with familial OA. To determine whether the Ripk2104Asp disease allele is sufficient to account for the familial phenotype, we determined the effect of the allele on mice. METHODS Genomic analysis of 150 independent families with dominant inheritance of OA affecting diverse joints was used to identify coding variants that segregated strictly with occurrence of OA. Genome editing was used to introduce the OA-associated RIPK2 (p.Asn104Asp) allele into the genome of inbred mice. The consequences of the Ripk2104Asp disease allele on physiology and OA susceptibility in mice were measured by histology, immunohistochemistry, serum cytokine levels and gene expression. RESULTS We identified six novel variants affecting components of the NOD/RIPK2 inflammatory signalling pathway that are associated with familial OA affecting the hand, shoulder or foot. The Ripk2104Asp allele acts dominantly to alter basal physiology and response to trauma in the mouse knee. Whereas the knees of uninjured Ripk2Asp104 mice appear normal histologically, the joints exhibit a set of marked gene expression changes reminiscent of overt OA. Although the Ripk2104Asp mice lack evidence of chronically elevated systemic inflammation, they do exhibit significantly increased susceptibility to post-traumatic OA (PTOA). CONCLUSIONS Two types of data support the hypothesis that altered NOD/RIPK2 signalling confers susceptibility to OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Jurynec
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Catherine M Gavile
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Matthew Honeggar
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Kendra A Novak
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kazuyuki Hoshijima
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nikolas H Kazmers
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David J Grunwald
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Lee HM, Lee HJ, Chang JE. Inflammatory Cytokine: An Attractive Target for Cancer Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092116. [PMID: 36140220 PMCID: PMC9495935 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between inflammation and cancer has attracted attention for a long time. The inflammatory tumor microenvironment consists of inflammatory cells, chemokines, cytokines, and signaling pathways. Among them, inflammatory cytokines play an especially pivotal role in cancer development, prognosis, and treatment. Interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), interferons, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are the representative inflammatory cytokines in various cancers, which may promote or inhibit cancer progression. The pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with advanced cancer stages, resistance to immunotherapy, and poor prognoses, such as in objective response and disease control rates, and progression-free and overall survival. In this review, we selected colorectal, pancreatic, breast, gastric, lung, and prostate cancers, which are well-reported for an association between cancer and inflammatory cytokines. The related cytokines and their effects on each cancer’s development and prognosis were summarized. In addition, the treatment strategies targeting inflammatory cytokines in each carcinoma were also described here. By understanding the biological roles of cancer-related inflammatory cytokines, we may modulate the inflammatory tumor microenvironment for potential cancer treatment.
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