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Lindenwald DL, Monteiro JT, Rautenschlein S, Meens J, Jung K, Becker SC, Lepenies B. Ovine C-type lectin receptor hFc-fusion protein library - A novel platform to screen for host-pathogen interactions. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 224:110047. [PMID: 32325253 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CTLRs) are pattern recognition receptors which are important constituents of the innate immunity. However, their role has mostly been studied in humans and in mouse models. To bridge the knowledge gap concerning CTLRs of veterinary relevant species, a novel ovine CTLR hFc-fusion protein library which allows in vitro ligand identification and pathogen binding studies has been established. Its utility was tested with known ligands of corresponding murine CTLRs in ELISA- and flow cytometry based binding studies. The ovine CTLR-hFc library was subsequently used in a proof-of-principle pathogen binding study with the ruminant pathogen Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri. Some ovine CTLRs, such as Dendritic Cell Immunoreceptor (DCIR, Clec4a), Macrophage C-Type Lectin (MCL, Clec4d) and Myeloid Inhibitory C-Type Lectin-Like Receptor (MICL, Clec12a) were identified as possible candidate receptors whose role in Mycoplasma recognition can now be unraveled in further studies. This study thus shows the utility of this novel ovine CTLR-hFc fusion protein library to screen for CTLR/pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri L Lindenwald
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. Hannover, Germany
| | - João T Monteiro
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Meens
- Institute for Microbiology, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie C Becker
- Institute for Parasitology & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. Hannover, Germany.
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Jaÿ M, Tardy F. Contagious Agalactia In Sheep And Goats: Current Perspectives. VETERINARY MEDICINE (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2019; 10:229-247. [PMID: 31921613 PMCID: PMC6938181 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s201847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Contagious agalactia (CA) is a disease caused equally by four Mycoplasma species, in single or mixed infections. Clinical signs are multiple, including mastitis, arthritis, keratoconjunctivitis, pneumonia, and septicemia, non-specific, and expressed differently depending whether sheep or goats are affected, on causative mycoplasmas as well as type of husbandry. CA has been reported worldwide and its geographic distribution maps to that of small ruminant breeding areas. However, as current diagnostic tests are expensive and difficult to implement, it is certainly underdiagnosed and prevalence data are only available for a few countries. CA control relies on vaccines, chemotherapy and good herd management practices. It requires long-term commitment but is often unsuccessful, with frequent clinical relapses. The persistence of the etiological agents, despite their overall susceptibility to antimicrobials, comes from their genetic plasticity and capacity to escape the host immune response. The existence of asymptomatic carriers and the numerous sources of infections contribute to rapid spread of the disease and complicate the control and prevention efforts. Here we review all these aspects in order to highlight recent progress made and identify gaps in knowledge or tools needed for better disease management. Discussion also underlines the detrimental effect of contagious agalactia on small ruminant welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryne Jaÿ
- Université de Lyon, ANSES, Laboratoire de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, Lyon69364, France
| | - Florence Tardy
- Université de Lyon, ANSES, Laboratoire de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, Lyon69364, France
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Host-Pathogen Interactions of Mycoplasma mycoides in Caprine and Bovine Precision-Cut Lung Slices (PCLS) Models. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8020082. [PMID: 31226867 PMCID: PMC6631151 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections caused by mycoplasma species in ruminants lead to considerable economic losses. Two important ruminant pathogens are Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides (Mmm), the aetiological agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc), which causes pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, keratitis, and septicemia in goats. We established precision cut lung slices (PCLS) infection model for Mmm and Mmc to study host-pathogen interactions. We monitored infection over time using immunohistological analysis and electron microscopy. Moreover, infection burden was monitored by plating and quantitative real-time PCR. Results were compared with lungs from experimentally infected goats and cattle. Lungs from healthy goats and cattle were also included as controls. PCLS remained viable for up to two weeks. Both subspecies adhered to ciliated cells. However, the titer of Mmm in caprine PCLS decreased over time, indicating species specificity of Mmm. Mmc showed higher tropism to sub-bronchiolar tissue in caprine PCLS, which increased in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, Mmc was abundantly observed on pulmonary endothelial cells, indicating partially, how it causes systemic disease. Tissue destruction upon prolonged infection of slices was comparable to the in vivo samples. Therefore, PCLS represents a novel ex vivo model to study host-pathogen interaction in livestock mycoplasma.
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Aye R, Mwirigi MK, Frey J, Pilo P, Jores J, Naessens J. Cyto-adherence of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides to bovine lung epithelial cells. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:27. [PMID: 25881067 PMCID: PMC4336739 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) is the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), a respiratory disease of cattle, whereas the closely related Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc) is a goat pathogen. Cyto-adherence is a crucial step in host colonization by mycoplasmas and subsequent pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between Mmm and mammalian host cells by establishing a cyto-adherence flow cytometric assay and comparing tissue and species specificity of Mmm and Mmc strains. Results There were little significant differences in the adherence patterns of eight different Mmm strains to adult bovine lung epithelial cells. However, there was statistically significant variation in binding to different host cells types. Highest binding was observed with lung epithelial cells, intermediate binding with endothelial cells and very low binding with fibroblasts, suggesting the presence of effective adherence of Mmm on cells lining the airways of the lung, which is the target organ for this pathogen, possibly by high expression of a specific receptor. However, binding to bovine fetal lung epithelial cells was comparably low; suggesting that the lack of severe pulmonary disease seen in many infected young calves can be explained by reduced expression of a specific receptor. Conclusions Mmm bound with high efficiency to adult bovine lung cells and less efficiently to calves or goat lung cells. The data show that cyto-adherence of Mmm is species- and tissue- specific confirming its role in colonization of the target host and subsequent infection and development of CBPP. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0347-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheal Aye
- International Livestock Research Institute, P. O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | | | - Joachim Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Paola Pilo
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Joerg Jores
- International Livestock Research Institute, P. O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. .,Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Jan Naessens
- International Livestock Research Institute, P. O. Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
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de la Fe C, Amores J, Martín AG, Sánchez A, Contreras A, Corrales J. Mycoplasma agalactiae detected in the semen of goat bucks. Theriogenology 2009; 72:1278-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Experimental Infection of Goats with an Unusual Strain of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri Isolated in Jordan. J Comp Pathol 2009; 141:121-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Vilei EM, Korczak BM, Frey J. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC can be grouped into a single subspecies. Vet Res 2006; 37:779-90. [PMID: 16973118 DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2006037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC can be combined into one taxon on the basis of several contributions on both DNA sequence and protein analyses reported in the literature. Moreover, for the differentiation and identification of mycoplasmas of the "mycoides cluster", we investigated the rpoB gene, encoding the beta-subunit of the RNA polymerase. A segment of 527 bp of the rpoB gene was amplified from 31 strains of ruminant mycoplasmas by PCR. The nucleotide sequences were determined and aligned, and accurate genetic relationships were calculated. Cluster analysis of rpoB DNA allowed species differentiation within the "mycoides cluster" and confirmed that M. mycoides subsp. capri and M. mycoides subsp. mycoides LC cannot be distinguished from each other. "Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri" is proposed as a common name for both subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edy M Vilei
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Universität Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, Postfach, 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
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Sylla L, Stradaioli G, Manuali E, Rota A, Zelli R, Vincenti L, Monaci M. The effect of Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides LC of bovine origin on in vitro fertilizing ability of bull spermatozoa and embryo development. Anim Reprod Sci 2005; 85:81-93. [PMID: 15556311 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2003] [Revised: 02/18/2004] [Accepted: 03/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Several Mycoplasma species may adversely affect bovine spermatozoa viability and embryo development. Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides large-colony (LC) has been isolated from naturally aborted bovine fetuses and from bull semen. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether M. mycoides ssp. mycoides LC contaminated bovine ejaculates could (i) impair in vitro fertilizing ability of bull spermatozoa, (ii) impair embryo development, and (iii) evaluate potential spread by reproductive technologies. In the present study, spermatozoa of 10 fertile bulls were contaminated with M. mycoides ssp. mycoides LC, at a final concentration of 1.5 million CFU/ml and incubated for 60 min before evaluating spermatozoa motility and acrosome reaction inducibility with calcium ionophore. In addition, in vitro contaminated semen of a bull previously shown to have a good in vitro fertilizing ability, was used in an IVF procedure. Embryo development stage on Day-7 of culture was evaluated. Spermatozoa and embryos at morula and blastocyst stages were routinely processed for transmission electron microscopy observation. Both mean total and progressive motility decreased (P < 0.01 ) upon spermatozoa incubation with Mycoplasma. One-hour incubation with calcium ionophore increased the percentage of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa, although Mycoplasma contamination reduced calcium ionophore treatment efficacy (P < 0.05). Ultrastructurally, Mycoplasma microorganisms appeared as moderately electron-dense sphere-shaped particles, adhering to cell membranes. Sperm mid-piece sections showed numeric aberrations of the central singlets such as nine + zero or nine + one of the axonemal complex. Further morphological abnormalities included partial or total absence of dinein arms and radial fibers, with lack of the bridge and the central ring in 35.00 +/- 4.20% of contaminated cells, whereas these abnormalities were not observed in uninfected ones. The IVF trials showed that two-four cell blocks were higher (P < 0.05) in the infected group. Ultrastructure of Day-7 contaminated embryos showed Mycoplasma particles adhering and infiltrating the outer layer of the zona pellucida. Our investigations suggest that M. mycoides ssp. mycoides LC contaminating the bovine ejaculate induced adverse effects on in vitro spermatozoa-fertilizing ability and embryonic development. Some satisfactory quality transferable embryos could be produced in contaminated IVF systems. This could imply a potential transmission of this microorganism through reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sylla
- Department of Pathology, Diagnostic and Veterinary Clinics, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Shin JH, Joo HS, Lee WH, Seok HB, Calsamig M, Pijoan C, Molitor TW. Identification and characterization of cytopathogenic Mycoplasma hyorhinis from swine farms with a history of abortions. J Vet Med Sci 2003; 65:501-9. [PMID: 12736433 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.65.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A virus-like cytopathic agent isolated from swine farms with a history of recurrent abortion episodes was investigated. We employed a differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (ddRT-PCR) to obtain genetic information of the cytopathic agent. Partial nucleotide sequence (527 bp) obtained from differentially displayed PCR fragments showed 88.7% similarity with the 23S rRNA gene of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Unexpectedly, the 5' portion (1-333 bp) of the sequence shared 96.1% similarity with 5' untranslated region (UTR) of human prostate tumor inducing gene 1 (PTI-1). Cytopathic effects and extranuclear DNA fluorescence were no longer observed when BM-cyclin was added in the culture medium, suggesting that BM-cyclin sensitive mycoplasma-like organisms caused the cell death. Further evidence supporting the cytopathic agent as a mycoplasma-like organism was obtained by the capability of (3)H-thymidine and (3)H-uridine incorporation, a single peak in buoyant density gradient profile (1.20-1.24 g/ml), and ultrastructural morphology. Unlike M. hyopneumoniae, the organism was not propagated in Friis medium. Nucleotide sequence of 16S rRNA obtained from the cytopathic agent showed 0.8-1.0% divergences with other M. hyorhinis strains, suggesting that the newly isolated cytopathogenic swine mycoplasma was a variant form of M. hyorhinis. Striking homology between a portion of the 23S rRNA gene of M. hyorhinis and 5' UTR of human PTI-1 implicated that M. hyorhinis might potentially be related to the evolution of human PTI-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ho Shin
- Department of Clinical and Population Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA
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Monnerat MP, Thiaucourt F, Poveda JB, Nicolet J, Frey J. Genetic and serological analysis of lipoprotein LppA in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 1999; 6:224-30. [PMID: 10066658 PMCID: PMC95691 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.6.2.224-230.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/1998] [Accepted: 12/04/1998] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The genes encoding the 62-kDa lipoproteins from the Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides large-colony type (LC) strain Y-goat and the M. mycoides subsp. capri strain PG3 were cloned and analyzed by sequencing. These two lipoproteins have been named LppA[MmymyLC] and LppA[Mmyca], and their corresponding genes have been named lppA[MmymyLC] and lppA[Mmyca], respectively. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of these two lipoproteins showed a very high degree of similarity between these two mycoplasmas. Given the sequence data, LppA seems to fulfill the same structural functions as the previously described major lipoproteins P72 of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides small-colony type and P67 of the Mycoplasma species bovine group 7. Based on lppA gene sequences of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides LC and M. mycoides subsp. capri type strains, a specific PCR assay was developed so that it amplified this gene in all field strains of the two species analyzed in this study but not in the other members of the M. mycoides cluster. Analysis of the PCR-amplified lppA genes with frequently cutting restriction enzymes showed a certain degree of genetic variability which, however, did not cluster the two subspecies. This PCR therefore allows a rapid identification of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides LC and M. mycoides subsp. capri but does not distinguish between these two closely related subspecies. LppA was expressed in Escherichia coli K-12 and used for the production of polyclonal mouse antiserum. Antibodies against recombinant LppA[MmymyLC] reacted with a 62-kDa protein in all M. mycoides subsp. mycoides LC and M. mycoides subsp. capri type strains and field strains tested but not with the other members of the M. mycoides cluster, thus showing the antigenic specificity of LppA and further supporting the concept that a close relationship exists between these two mycoplasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Monnerat
- Institute for Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Berne, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland
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Rodriguez JL, Brooks DL, DaMassa AJ, Oros J, Fernandez A. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of subsp. in caprine abortion: A case report. Theriogenology 1996; 46:379-85. [PMID: 16727906 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(96)00160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/1995] [Accepted: 10/16/1995] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Described in this study are the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings in a case of caprine abortion due to the experimental infection of the dam with strain GM13 of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum. Mycoplasma antigens were seen mainly in choriallantoic trophoblasts and in the lumen of blood vessels in the allantoic membrane. Examination with an electron microscope showed that the chorioallantoic trophoblasts were filled with typical mycoplasma organisms. No other bacteria were observed in any of the samples. Our results confirm by immunohistochemical and electron microscopic techniques that Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum can cause caprine abortion and that the process can occur without premonitory signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rodriguez
- Department of Histology and Pathological Anatomy, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Rodríguez JL, de los Monteros AE, Herráez P, Poveda JB, Fernández A. Isolation of (LC variant), from two naturally aborted caprine fetuses. Theriogenology 1995; 44:1003-9. [PMID: 16727795 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(95)00287-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/1995] [Accepted: 04/17/1995] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Described in this study are 2 cases of caprine abortion associated with the LC type of Mycoplasma mycoides , subsp. mycoides . This mycoplasma and Mycoplasma mycoides , subsp. capri had been previously reported in adult goats in this herd. The abortion took place in the latter part of gestation. Samples from heart blood, lung and pleural exudate were collected for the isolation of mycoplasmas and other bacterials in both fetuses. Two strains of Mycoplasma mycoides , subsp. mycoides (LC variant) were isolated. The only gross lesion of the internal organs in the aborted fetuses was congestion of the lungs. Microscopic lesions were encountered in the lungs, and these were characterized by patchy to diffuse pneumonia. Exfoliated cells, many alveolar macrophages, scattered neutrophils and lymphocytes were seen in the lumen of the terminal airways and alveolar spaces. This report appears to be the first isolation of Mycoplasma mycoides , subsp. mycoides (LC variant) from aborted caprine fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rodríguez
- Department of Histology and Pathological Anatomy, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- A J DaMassa
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
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